1.
Edmonton Valley Zoo
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The Edmonton Valley Zoo is a zoo located in the heart of Edmonton, Albertas river valley. The Edmonton Valley Zoo is owned and operated by the City of Edmonton and is open 364 days a year, the zoo is currently accredited by the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums and is one of three accredited zoos in Alberta. The Valley Zoo opened on July 1,1959, as a replacement for a previous Edmonton Zoo which was torn down to expand Northlands Park, the zoo is home to over 350 exotic and native animals and houses over 100 different species. In addition to this cause, the zoo also raises funds and awareness for other endangered animals such as red pandas, through the Red Panda Network and they have successfully raised six red panda cubs since 2007. The Edmonton Valley Zoos 2005 Master Plan was approved by Edmonton City Council, with the first project, Arctic Shores completed, the second phase, The Wander Trail, Opened in 2013. Inner Zoo The Inner Zoo is the area of the zoo that was originally the Storyland Valley Zoo, the vast majority of the area was constructed in 1959. Only the otters, alpacas, and red pandas are located in Inner Zoo during the winter, Makira Outpost Makira Outpost is an exhibit which opened in the summer of 2007 and is home to the zoos lemurs. The new exhibit uses many new exhibit methods, the lemurs have access to a large outdoor island with two large elm trees for climbing. It also has two outdoor enclosures that have zoomesh, the indoor enclosures are huge and benefit from lots of natural light. The animals housed in Makira outpost include, ring-tailed lemurs, African spurred tortoise, red-fronted lemurs, mongoose lemurs, Carnivore Alley The Carnivore Alley is home to majority of the zoos carnivores. Here one can see red foxes, snow leopards, Amur tigers, Arctic wolves and an African serval cat. Elephant House and Exhibit The Valley Zoos Elephant House is home to Lucy, Saito Center The Saito Center is named after the zoos former veterinarian who died shortly before construction of the building. Originally designed as a new winter holding building it now houses all the zoos fragile animals and it is winter home to all of the zoos primate species as well. It is also home to the reptile and nocturnal wing, African Veldt The African Veldt is home to waterfowl and Grevys zebras. Back Paddocks The back paddocks are home to the zoos larger hoof stock and include Bactrian camel, West Caucasian turs, guanacos, bighorn sheep, Sichuan takins are very rare, and only two other zoos in Canada house them. Birds of Prey The Birds of Prey area features non-releasable raptors, some highlight species include bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and snowy owls. The residence of Lucy the elephant at the Valley Zoo has been a source of controversy since 2009. Animal welfare groups such as Zoocheck opposed on keeping an elephant in a zoo, since elephants are a highly social species
2.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
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National Historic Landmark
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A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
4.
Margate City, New Jersey
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See also, other Margates Margate City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. South Atlantic City was reincorporated as a city on April 23,1897, the city was named for Margate, England. The city is located on Absecon Island, which stretches for 8.1 miles and is home of Atlantic City and Ventnor City to the northeast. The city stretches about eight blocks from the Atlantic Ocean to the bay at most points in town. Margate is a popular Jersey Shore destination, especially during the summer, and is the home of Lucy the Elephant, a 65-foot wooden elephant, and of Marven Gardens, of Monopoly board game fame. Margate City had an area of 1.631 square miles. Margate City borders both Ventnor City and Longport, as of the census of 2010, there were 6,354 people,3,156 households, and 1,805 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,490.3 per square mile, there were 7,114 housing units at an average density of 5,027.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 36% White,0. 71% Black or African American,0. 09% Native American,0. 98% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 72% from other races, and 1. 12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 75% of the population,38. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the family size was 2.64. In the city, the population was out with 14. 0% under the age of 18,4. 7% from 18 to 24,15. 5% from 25 to 44,34. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 54.9 years, for every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 87.1 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $66,667 and the median family income was $90,625. Males had an income of $81,759 versus $61,179 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $50,328, about 8. 4% of families and 9. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 2% of those under age 18 and 8. 3% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 8,193 people,3,984 households, the population density was 2,243. 5/km2. There were 7,006 housing units at a density of 4,981.4 per square mile
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Somers, New York
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Somers is a town located in northeastern Westchester County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 20,434, Somers was originally inhabited by Native Americans known as Kitchawanks, part of the Wappinger tribe, an Algonquian people who called the land Amapaugh, meaning fresh water fish. This land was located in the segment of an 83. The part of Van Cortlandt Manor that ultimately became Somers and Yorktown was known as the Middle District, European settlement in the New Oltenia area began after Van Cortlandts death in 1700 and the final partition of his estate in 1734. Early European settlers included tenants and freeholders from neighboring areas, among them English, Dutch, French Huguenots, at the first known town meeting of European settlers held on March 7,1788, at an inn owned by Benjamin Green, the town named Stephentown was established. However, there existed a Stephentown in Rensselaer County. To alleviate confusion, the name was changed in 1808 to Somers to honor Richard Somers, a memorial in West Somers Park was erected in his honor at Memorial Day ceremonies in 1958. Today, the facility is known as Lincoln Hall, and houses incarcerated teens, there was a constant stream of goods and passengers to large markets and cities through the village. As early as 1809, a newspaper was established, the Somers Museum. Though primarily agricultural, the economy also supported a varied population of weavers, preachers, merchants, cabinetmakers, doctors, lawyers, teachers. A good system of roads was maintained and some operated as toll roads. The railroad, developed in the 1840s, bypassed the town of Somers, the presence of the railroad in nearby communities did allow the agricultural emphasis to move towards dairy production and fruit growing, since the products could be shipped to markets in the city. Industries continued to thrive, with grist, paper, saw, between 1890 and 1910, the Croton and Muscoot rivers were flooded to create the New York City reservoir system thereby changing the local landscape considerably. In the 1920s small lake communities began to spring up as vacation havens for summer visitors and these lake communities became larger and firmly established, eventually evolving from seasonal to year-round neighborhoods now known as Lake Lincolndale, Lake Purdys and Lake Shenorock. Following World War II, the countryside of Somers continued attracting weekenders. The construction of Interstate 684 in the mid-1970s facilitated a resurgence of residential and commercial development in Somers for the next 20 years, Somers grew most rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s, after IBM and PepsiCo built large corporate facilities within it. Somers is known for being the cradle of the American circus and it gained this notoriety after Hachaliah Bailey bought an African elephant, which he named Old Bet. Bailey intended to use the elephant for farm work, but the number of people it attracted caused Bailey to take her throughout the Northeast
7.
Elephant Hotel
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The Elephant Hotel is a historic former hotel, which today serves as the town hall of the town of Somers, in Westchester County, New York, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 7,1974 as Somers Town House and it is also a contributing property in the NRHP-listed Somers Hamlet Historic District. The Elephant Hotel was built in Somers NY by Hachaliah Bailey known as the creator of Bailey Circus, the Elephant Hotel was established by Hachaliah Bailey after he bought an African Elephant, which he named Old Bet. Bailey intended to use the elephant for farm work but the number of people it attracted caused Bailey to take her throughout the northeast. Baileys success caused numerous others to tour with exotic animals, and during the 1830s the old style circus, due to this, Somers is known as the Cradle of the American Circus. Old Bet was killed on tour in 1827, when she was shot by a local farmer and it is also said that Old Bet was buried in front of this building. Bailey later erected the Elephant Hotel in Somers in honor of Old Bet and it is a town landmark and was dedicated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. The Elephant Hotel is currently the Somers Town Hall and it is located at 335 US202, across from the northern end of NY100. The NRHP listing is described in its NRHP nomination document, the Somers Historical Society occupies the third floor of the building. The Society operates the Museum of the Early American Circus, which is open on Thursday afternoons and for special holidays
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Elephant
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Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are recognised, the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the surviving family of the order Proboscidea, other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m, all elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects, Elephants large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight, African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts and they prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments, other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and wild dogs, usually target only young elephants. Females tend to live in groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring. The groups are led by a known as the matriarch. Elephants have a society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise. Males leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males, calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild and they communicate by touch, sight, smell, and sound, elephants use infrasound, and seismic communication over long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans and they appear to have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind. African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered, one of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as working animals in Asia, in the past, they were used in war, today, they are often controversially put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants are highly recognisable and have featured in art, folklore, religion, literature
9.
Novelty architecture
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Their size and novelty means that they often serve as landmarks. Novelty or programmatic architecture may take the form of not normally associated with buildings, such as characters, animals. Lucy the Elephant and The Longaberger Companys head office are examples, there may be an element of caricature or a cartoon associated with the architecture. Such giant animals, fruits and vegetables, or replicas of famous buildings often serve as attractions themselves, some are simply unusual shapes or constructed of unusual materials. Many examples of novelty architecture are designed to attract customers by taking the form of products sold inside. Others, such as casinos in Las Vegas and Macau, are copies of famous landmarks from around the world, Novelty architecture in the form of famous landmarks has been built in China, Georgia, Japan, and the United States. Such replica buildings are used in casinos, hotels or amusement parks such as Disneyland where the apparent playfulness. In some cases, such as Carhenge, the structure is an adaptation of a well-known building, in Macau, The Venetian Macao, like its counterpart in Las Vegas, features a replica of St Marks Campanile and other buildings in Venice. In Batumi on Georgias Black Sea coast new high-rise landmark buildings, in Japan, there is the Huis Ten Bosch near Nagasaki which are replicas of Dutch landmarks like Huis ten Bosch and the Dom Tower of Utrecht. Water towers and storage tanks, often prominent features in a town, are two types of buildings which have been shaped or decorated to look like everyday objects. There are many versions of these types of novelty architecture, water towers exist in many forms, among them peaches, coffee pots and teapots, corn cobs, wine and sauce bottles, fishing bobbers and strawberries. Several breweries and other businesses have designed holding tanks in the shape of giant cans of beer or other container, sculptures of ordinary items scaled to building size are another aspect of novelty architecture. Such sculptures appear at roadside parks and attractions or museums in Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, in some instances, the giant sculpture provides a reference for the building to which it is connected. Examples are the giant baseball bat outside the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, architecture popular in the 1950s-1960s in southern California and in Florida featured sharp corners, tilted roofs, starburst designs, and fanciful shapes. This came to be known as Googie Doo Wop or populuxe architecture, long-established firms whose features are well-known could still qualify as novelty architecture. Examples are McDonalds original golden-arches design and the design of the White Castle restaurants. Critics of architectural deconstructivism such as Nikos Salingaros, argue that much contemporary architecture is actually Novelty architecture
10.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
11.
Atlantic City, New Jersey
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Atlantic City is a resort city in New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk and beach. In 2010, it had a population of 39,558, incorporated on May 1,1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township, the city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City and the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic City inspired the American version of the board game Monopoly, especially the street names, since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant. Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, the Belloe House, was built at the intersection of Massachusetts, the city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, by 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire, The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, the hotel was owned by the railroad. It was a sprawling, four-story structure built to house 2,000 guests and it opened while it was still under construction, with only one wing standing, and even that wasnt completed. By years end, when it was constructed, the United States Hotel was not only the first hotel in Atlantic City. Its rooms totaled more than 600, and its grounds covered some 14 acres, the first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season, because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and width, and modified several times in subsequent years. The historic length of the boardwalk, before the destructive 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, was about 7 miles and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport, through Ventnor, the first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland available without a toll, by 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City, at this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, in the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels
12.
Roadside attraction
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A roadside attraction is a feature along the side of a road meant to attract tourists. In general, these are places one might stop on the way to somewhere and they are frequently advertised with billboards. The modern tourist-oriented highway attraction originated as a U. S. and Western Canadian phenomenon in the 1940s to 1960s, and subsequently caught on in Australia. When long-distance road travel became practical and popular in the late 1930s, entrepreneurs began building restaurants, motels, coffee shops, cafes and more unusual businesses to attract travelers. Many of the buildings were attractions in themselves in the form of novelty architecture, depicting common objects of enormous size, with the building of the U. S. Interstate Highway System in the mid-1950s, many roadside attractions were bypassed, some remained attractive enough to divert travelers from the interstate for a brief respite and thus remain in business. The best example of change is along US Route 66
13.
Zoomorphism
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The word zoomorphism derives from the Greek ζωον, meaning animal, and μορφη, meaning shape or form. But this does not portray anything exactly like zoomorphism, Holy Spirit is seen like a dove and He is not a dove. The Holy Spirit was seen like a dove, bible does not teach zoomorphic appearance of God. Mark the Evangelist as a lion in later Christian iconography, the Egyptian gods were often depicted as zoomorphic or as hybrid A literary phrase such as The roar of the ocean. Sin lurking like a beast waiting to devour Cain in Genesis, fenrisulfr, a wolf in Norse mythology Airavata, the king god of elephants in Indian mythology. For instance, in Bedknobs and Broomsticks, the army that fights the Nazis is composed of anthropomorphized knightly body armor, in The Flintstones and Night at the Museum, the dinosaurs Dino and Rexy behave and vocalize like dogs. The city of Wau was to be transformed in the shape of a giraffe
14.
Jumbo
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Jumbo, also known as Jumbo the Elephant and Jumbo the Circus Elephant, was a 19th-century male African bush elephant born in the Sudan. Jumbo was eventually exported to Jardin des Plantes, a zoo in Paris, France, Jumbo was sold to P. T. Barnum, who took him to America for exhibition in March 1882. The giant elephants name has spawned the word, jumbo. Jumbos height, estimated to be 3.23 metres, was claimed to be approximately 4 metres by the time of his death. Jumbos legacy lives on as Tufts Universitys mascot. and is referenced by a plaque outside the old Liberal Hall, now a Wetherspoons pub, in Crediton. Jumbo was born at about Christmas 1860 in the Sudan, and after his mother was killed by hunters, the calf was sold to Lorenzo Casanova, an Italian animal dealer and explorer. Casanova transported the animals he had bought north from Sudan to Suez and this collection was sold to Menagerie Gottlieb Kreutzberg in Germany. Soon after, he was imported to France and kept in the Paris zoo Jardin des Plantes, in 1865 he was transferred to the London Zoo, where he became famous for giving rides to visitors, especially children. The London zookeeper association leader Anoshan Anathajeyasri gave Jumbo his name, Jumbo was sold in November 1881 to the Barnum & Bailey Circus for 10,000 dollars. There was popular objection when Barnums proposal became known,100,000 school children wrote to Queen Victoria begging her not to sell the elephant. In New York, Barnum exhibited the elephant at Madison Square Garden, remaining in the United Kingdom are statues and other memorabilia of Jumbo. The elephant – or rather its statuette in the Natural History Museum – was made holotype of Richard Lydekkers proposed subspecies for the elephants of the eastern Sahel. Modern authorities do not recognize this, considering its purportedly diagnostic large size, Jumbo died at a railway classification yard in Canada at St. Thomas, Ontario. While out exercising, he tripped and fell on tracks, impaling himself on his tusk. Shortly after his death, a locomotive ran over his body. Barnum told the story that he died saving a young elephant, Tom Thumb, from being hit by the locomotive. The most popular version of the story has the elephant being struck, Barnums story says that the younger elephant, Tom Thumb, was on the railroad tracks. Jumbo was walking up to him to safety, but an unexpected locomotive hit Tom Thumb
15.
Howdah
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It was also a symbol of wealth for the owner, and as a result was decorated with expensive gems. The Museum at the Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur, Rajasthan has a gallery of royal Howdahs, the Mehrangarh Fort Museum, Jodhpur, has a gallery dedicated to an array of Hathi Howdah, used by the Maharaja of Mewar, mostly for ceremonial occasions. Tolkien also wrote in Lord of The Rings of the Mûmakil of Harad with howdahs on their backs, a derived symbol used in Europe is the elephant and castle, an elephant carrying a castle on its back, being used especially to symbolize strength. The symbol was used in Europe in antiquity, and more recently has used in England since the 13th century. In antiquity, there was Roman use of war elephants, and turreted elephants feature on the coinage of Juba II of Numidia, when this unknown creature entered the river, the Britons and their horses fled and the Roman army crossed over. However, he may have confused this incident with the use of a war elephant in Claudius final conquest of Britain. Alternatively, modern uses may derive from later contacts with howdahs, fanciful images of war elephants with elaborate castles on their back date to 12th century Spain, as at right. The Cutlers, in turn, used the symbol due to the use of ivory in handles, the symbol of an elephant and castle is also used in the Order of the Elephant, the highest order in Denmark, since 1693. In Persia, a camel howdah used to be a means of transport. The Viceroys Howdah at Viceregal Lodge, Simla Mahout, the driver of an elephant Howdah pistols, large handguns used to defend howdahs from predators Persian war elephants
16.
Atlantic Ocean
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The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the worlds oceans with a total area of about 106,460,000 square kilometres. It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earths surface and about 29 percent of its surface area. It separates the Old World from the New World, the Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean, in contrast, the term Atlantic originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast. The Greek word thalassa has been reused by scientists for the huge Panthalassa ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of years ago. The term Aethiopian Ocean, derived from Ancient Ethiopia, was applied to the Southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century, many Irish or British people refer to the United States and Canada as across the pond, and vice versa. The Black Atlantic refers to the role of ocean in shaping black peoples history. Irish migration to the US is meant when the term The Green Atlantic is used, the term Red Atlantic has been used in reference to the Marxian concept of an Atlantic working class, as well as to the Atlantic experience of indigenous Americans. Correspondingly, the extent and number of oceans and seas varies, the Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the west by North and South America. It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, to the east, the boundaries of the ocean proper are Europe, the Strait of Gibraltar and Africa. In the southeast, the Atlantic merges into the Indian Ocean, the 20° East meridian, running south from Cape Agulhas to Antarctica defines its border. In the 1953 definition it extends south to Antarctica, while in later maps it is bounded at the 60° parallel by the Southern Ocean, the Atlantic has irregular coasts indented by numerous bays, gulfs, and seas. Including these marginal seas the coast line of the Atlantic measures 111,866 km compared to 135,663 km for the Pacific. Including its marginal seas, the Atlantic covers an area of 106,460,000 km2 or 23. 5% of the ocean and has a volume of 310,410,900 km3 or 23. 3%. Excluding its marginal seas, the Atlantic covers 81,760,000 km2 and has a volume of 305,811,900 km3, the North Atlantic covers 41,490,000 km2 and the South Atlantic 40,270,000 km2. The average depth is 3,646 m and the maximum depth, the bathymetry of the Atlantic is dominated by a submarine mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It runs from 87°N or 300 km south of the North Pole to the subantarctic Bouvet Island at 42°S, the MAR divides the Atlantic longitudinally into two halves, in each of which a series of basins are delimited by secondary, transverse ridges. The MAR reaches above 2000 m along most of its length, the MAR is a barrier for bottom water, but at these two transform faults deep water currents can pass from one side to the other
17.
Asian elephant
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The Asian or Asiatic elephant is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed in Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. M. maximus from Sri Lanka, the E. m. indicus from mainland Asia, Asian elephants are the largest living land animals in Asia. Since 1986, E. Asian elephants are threatened by degradation, fragmentation, loss of habitat. In 2003, the population was estimated at between 41,410 and 52,345 individuals. Female captive elephants have lived beyond 60 years when kept in semi-natural surroundings, in zoos, elephants die at a much younger age and are declining due to a low birth and high death rate. The genus Elephas originated in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Pliocene, the earliest indications of captive use of Asian elephants are engravings on seals of the Indus Valley civilization dated to the third millennium BC. Carl Linnaeus first described the genus Elephas and an elephant from Ceylon under the binomial Elephas maximus in 1758, in 1798, Georges Cuvier first described the Indian elephant under the binomial Elephas indicus. In 1847, Coenraad Jacob Temminck first described the Sumatran elephant under the binomial Elephas sumatranus, frederick Nutter Chasen classified all three as subspecies of the Asian elephant in 1940. Three subspecies are recognised, the Sri Lankan elephant, the Indian elephant. E. m. borneensis lives in northern Borneo and is smaller than all the subspecies, but with larger ears, a longer tail. Results of genetic analysis indicate that its ancestors separated from the population about 300,000 years ago. The population in Vietnam and Laos was tested to determine if it is a subspecies as well and this research is considered vital, as less than 1,300 wild Asian elephants remain in Laos. In addition, two subspecies are considered to have existed, The Chinese elephant is sometimes separated as E. m. rubridens. The Syrian elephant, the westernmost and the largest subspecies of the Asian elephant and this population, along with the Indian elephant, was considered the best war elephant in antiquity, and was found superior to the smallish North African elephant used by the armies of Carthage. In general, the Asian elephant is smaller than the African elephant and has the highest body point on the head, the back is convex or level. The ears are small with dorsal borders folded laterally and it has up to 20 pairs of ribs and 34 caudal vertebrae. The feet have more nail-like structures than those of African elephants—five on each forefoot, and four on each hind foot. Average shoulder height of females is 2.4 m, and average weight is 2.7 t, while shoulder height of males is 2.75 m
18.
Prohibition
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The earliest records of prohibition of alcohol date to the Xia Dynasty in China. Yu the Great, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty and it was legalized again after his death, during the reign of his son Qi. Another record was in the Code of Hammurabi specifically banning the selling of beer for money, in the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants. Rum-running became widespread and organized crime control of the distribution of alcohol. Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean flourished as their products were consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to the United States. Chicago became notorious as a haven for prohibition dodgers during the known as the Roaring Twenties. Prohibition generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North America and Europe, in some countries where the dominant religion forbids the use of alcohol, the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited or restricted today. For example, in Saudi Arabia and Libya alcohol is banned, Sale of alcohol is banned in Afghanistan. In Bangladesh, alcohol is prohibited due to its proscription in the Islamic faith. However, the purchase and consumption is allowed in the country, the Garo tribe consume a type of rice beer, and Christians in this country drink and purchase wine for their holy communion. In Brunei, alcohol consumption and sale is banned in public, in India alcohol is a state subject and individual states can legislate prohibition, but currently most states do not have prohibition. Prohibition is in force in the states of Gujarat, Bihar and Nagaland, parts of Manipur, the state of Kerala has placed some limitations on sale of alcohol. All other States and union territories of India permit the sale of alcohol, election days and certain national holidays such as Gandhi Jayanti are meant to be dry days when liquor sale is not permitted. The state of Andhra Pradesh had imposed Prohibition under the Chief Ministership of N. T. Rama Rao, Prohibition was also observed from 1996 to 1998 in Haryana. Some Indian states observe dry days on major religious festivals/occasions depending on the popularity of the festival in that region, since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the sale and consumption of alcohol is banned in Iran. Alcohol is banned for people who use small shops and convenience stores, the consumption, importation and brewing of, and trafficking in liquor is strictly against the law. Alcohol is banned for Muslims in Malaysia due to its Islamic faith, the Maldives ban the import of alcohol, x-raying all baggage on arrival. Alcoholic beverages are available only to tourists on resort islands
19.
The King of Marvin Gardens
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The King of Marvin Gardens is a 1972 American drama film. It stars Jack Nicholson, Bruce Dern, Ellen Burstyn and Scatman Crothers and it is one of several collaborations between Nicholson and director Bob Rafelson. The majority of the film is set in a wintry Atlantic City, New Jersey, the title alludes to the Marven Gardens in Margate, New Jersey as well as to one of the properties in the original Monopoly game. Begging David to come to Atlantic City and bail him out of jail, tensions grow between the four as Jason pursues a ludicrous dream of conning a Japanese syndicate into buying a Hawaiian island where he will build and run a casino. The sceptical David has no faith in Jasons scam, while Jason chides David for wallowing in his dark, sally, increasingly neurotic over losing her looks, cuts off her hair and throws away her cosmetics. When Jason starts packing to leave for Hawaii, in rage, David escorts his brothers corpse home to Philadelphia by train. The latter scene was filmed in the empty Atlantic City Convention Hall, during the scene, Ellen Burstyn is shown playing the halls historic pipe organ, which is the worlds largest organ and reputedly the largest and loudest musical instrument ever built. The King of Marvin Gardens was shot almost entirely on location in Atlantic City in the months of 1972. It is therefore of historical significance as a visual record of the very last days of the citys classic era resort architecture. The title of the film is an reference to the original version of the board game Monopoly. This reference was also reflected in the original poster art. Dern and Nicholson had previously worked together in Psych-Out and Rebel Rousers, Nicholson and Scatman Crothers subsequently co-starred in Miloš Formans One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and Stanley Kubricks The Shining. Co-star Ellen Burstyn had previously worked in the TV series Gunsmoke, in which Dern had also appeared, the film was one of the few screen appearances made by Julia Anne Robinson, who died in an apartment fire in Eugene, Oregon in 1975, aged 24. List of American films of 1972 The King of Marvin Gardens at the Internet Movie Database The King of Marvin Gardens at Rotten Tomatoes Review by Andrew Sarris for the Village Voice, November 9,1972
20.
Jack Nicholson
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John Joseph Jack Nicholson is an American actor and filmmaker, who has performed for over 60 years. Nicholson is known for playing a range of starring or supporting roles, including satirical comedy, romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes. In many of his films, he has played the eternal outsider, Nicholsons 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academys history. Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice, one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and he also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment. Nicholson is one of three actors to win three Academy Awards. Nicholson is one of two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s. He has won six Golden Globe Awards, and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001, in 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institutes Life Achievement Award. He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubricks horror film The Shining, the Joker in Tim Burtons superhero film Batman, other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men, the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge, and the comedy-drama About Schmidt. Nicholson was born on April 22,1937, in Neptune City, New Jersey, Nicholsons mother was of Irish, English, and German descent. She married Italian-American showman Donald Furcillo in 1936, before realizing that he was already married, biographer Patrick McGilligan stated in his book Jacks Life that Latvian-born Eddie King, Junes manager, may have been Nicholsons biological father, rather than Furcillo. Other sources suggest June Nicholson was unsure of who the father was, in 1974, Time magazine researchers learned, and informed Nicholson, that his sister, June, was actually his mother, and his other sister, Lorraine, was really his aunt. By this time, both his mother and grandmother had died, on finding out, Nicholson said it was a pretty dramatic event, but it wasnt what Id call traumatizing. I was pretty well psychologically formed. Nicholson grew up in Neptune City, New Jersey and he was raised in his mothers Roman Catholic religion. Before starting high school, his family moved to an apartment in Spring Lake, nick, as he was known to his high school friends, attended nearby Manasquan High School, where he was voted class clown by the Class of 1954. He was in every day for a whole school year. A theatre and an award at the school are named in his honor. In 2004, Nicholson attended his 50-year high school reunion accompanied by his aunt Lorraine and he served a tour of duty in the Air National Guard. Nicholson first came to Hollywood in 1954, when he was 17 and he took a job as an office worker for animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera at the MGM cartoon studio
21.
Bruce Dern
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Bruce MacLeish Dern is an American actor, often playing supporting villainous characters of unstable nature. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Coming Home and he also won the 1983 Silver Bear for Best Actor for That Championship Season, and the 2013 Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for Nebraska. His other film appearances include The Cowboys, Black Sunday, Monster, Dern was born in Chicago, the son of Jean and John Dern, a utility chief and attorney. He grew up in Kenilworth, Illinois and his paternal grandfather, George, was a former Utah governor and Secretary of War. Derns godfather was former Illinois governor and two-time presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II and his ancestry includes Dutch, English, German and Scottish. He attended The Choate School and the University of Pennsylvania and he starred in the Philadelphia premiere of Waiting for Godot. Dern made an uncredited role in Wild River, as Jack Roper who is so upset with his friend for hitting a woman that he punches himself, in 1964, he played the sailor in a few flashbacks with Marnies mother for Alfred Hitchcocks Marnie. Dern played a murderous rustler in Clint Eastwoods Hang Em High and he also played Asa Watts, a serial killer of Wil Andersen in The Cowboys. John Wayne warned Dern, America will hate you for this, and Dern replied, Yeah, but theyll love me in Berkeley. In 1983, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival for That Championship Season. In 2013, Dern won the Best Actor award at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival for Alexander Paynes Nebraska, and was nominated for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actor
22.
United States Bicentennial
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It was a central event in the memory of the American Revolution. The Bicentennial culminated on Sunday, July 4,1976, with the 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, the plans for the Bicentennial began when Congress created the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission on July 4,1966. Initially, the Bicentennial celebration was planned as a single city exposition that would be staged in either Philadelphia or Boston, ARBA selected a logo via contest in 1974. Bruce N. Blackburn, co-designer of the modernized NASA insignia used from 1975 to 1992, the logo consisted of a white five-point star inside a stylized star of red, white and blue. It was encircled by the inscription American Revolution Bicentennial 1776–1976 in Helvetica Regular, the logo became a flag that flew at many government facilities throughout the United States and appeared on many other souvenirs and postage stamps issued by the Postal Service. The official Bicentennial events began April 1,1975, when the American Freedom Train launched in Wilmington, Delaware to start its 21-month,25, 388-mile tour of the 48 contiguous states. On April 18,1975, President Gerald Ford traveled to Boston to light a lantern at the historic Old North Church. Festivities included elaborate fireworks in the skies above major American cities, President Ford presided over the display in Washington, D. C. which was televised nationally. A large international fleet of tall-masted sailing ships gathered first in New York City on Independence Day and these nautical parades were named Operation Sail and witnessed by several million observers. The gathering was the second of six such Op Sail events to date, the vessels docked and allowed the general public to tour the ships in both cities, while their crews were entertained on shore at various ethnic celebrations and parties. In addition to the presence of the ships, navies of many nations sent warships to New York harbor for an International Naval Review held the morning of July 4. The review ended just above Liberty Island around 10,30 am, several people threw packages labeled Gulf Oil and Exxon into Boston Harbor in symbolic opposition to corporate power, in the style of the Boston Tea party. Britains Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip made a visit to the United States to tour the country and attend Bicentennial festivities with President. Their visit aboard the Royal Yacht Britannia included stops in Philadelphia, Washington, Virginia, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. While in Philadelphia on July 6,1976, Queen Elizabeth presented the Bicentennial Bell on behalf of the British people, local observances included painting mailboxes and fire hydrants red, white, and blue. A wave of patriotism and nostalgia swept the nation and there was a feeling that the irate era of the Vietnam War. In Washington, D. C. the Smithsonian Institution opened an exhibition in its Arts and Industries Building that replicated the look. Many of the Smithsonians museum artifacts dated from the 1876 Worlds Fair in Philadelphia that commemorated the 100th anniversary of the independence of the United States, the Smithsonian also opened the new home of the National Air and Space Museum July 1,1976
23.
Atlantic City (1980 film)
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Atlantic City is a 1980 French-Canadian romantic crime film directed by Louis Malle. Filmed in late 1979, it was released in France and Germany in 1980, the script was written by John Guare. It stars Burt Lancaster, Susan Sarandon, Kate Reid, Robert Joy, Hollis McLaren, Michel Piccoli, Sally is a young waitress in an Atlantic City casino who has dreams of becoming a blackjack dealer in Monte Carlo. Dave convinces Lou to sell the cocaine for him, but as Lou sells the first batch, Lou is left with the remaining cocaine and continues to sell to impress Sally, whom he has long pined for, with money. Sally and Lou make love one day, but she returns to her apartment to find it trashed, she has tracked down by Daves killers. They leave, but Lou laments not being able to protect her, Sally is fired from the casino when her late husbands criminal record is discovered. Lou sells the remainder of the cocaine, while both Sally and the mobsters discover Lous affiliation with Dave, the mobsters corner them one night, but are killed when Lou produces a gun and shoots them. He and Sally then steal their car and leave the city and that night, from a hotel outside Atlantic City, they watch the TV news reporting on the killing. A police sketch of the suspect is shown, Lou is overjoyed with relief and pride. He confesses to Sally that this was the first time he had killed anyone. At a motel during the night, Lou takes the phone to the bathroom to call Grace, Lou returns to Atlantic City to be with Grace and continue selling a portion of the cocaine that he had stashed away. Atlantic City was filmed on location in and around Atlantic City and South Jersey, Philadelphia, although filmed in the United States, the film was a co-production between companies based in France and Canada. Aside from Burt Lancaster, Susan Sarandon, and local extras, the film allowed Canadian actors such as Kate Reid and Al Waxman to successfully transition into American film and television roles. The production companies allotted Louis Malle the money to make a film with the stipulation that it be made before the year 1979 ended, the three met over dinner in early 1979 to work out quirks in the script and began shooting within a few months. Principal photography commenced on October 31,1979 and moved swiftly along finishing by December 30,1979 just in time for the end of the year. Malle filmed at a time in that he was able to capture old Atlantic City, gambling was still in its early stages there. Most of the old resorts and entertainment piers were still standing. Within a couple of years of the filming, most of old hotels would fall victim to the wrecking ball as they were replaced with new casinos
24.
Burt Lancaster
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Burton Stephen Burt Lancaster was an American film actor. Initially known for playing tough guys, Lancaster went on to success with more complex. He was nominated four times for Academy Awards and won once for his work in Elmer Gantry in 1960 and he also won a Golden Globe for that performance and BAFTA Awards for The Birdman of Alcatraz and Atlantic City. During the 1950s his production company Hecht-Hill-Lancaster was highly successful, making such as Marty, Trapeze, Sweet Smell of Success, Run Silent, Run Deep. The American Film Institute ranks Lancaster as #19 of the greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema, Lancaster was born in Manhattan, New York City, at his parents home at 209 East 106th Street, between Second and Third Avenues, today the site of Benjamin Franklin Plaza. Lancaster was the son of Elizabeth and James Henry Lancaster, who was a mailman, both of his parents were Protestants of working class origin. All of Lancasters grandparents were Ulster immigrants to the United States, the family believed themselves to be related to Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts. Before he graduated from DeWitt Clinton, his mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage, Lancaster was accepted by New York University with an athletic scholarship, but subsequently dropped out. At the age of 19, Lancaster met Nick Cravat, with whom he developed a lifelong partnership, together they learned to act in local theatre productions and circus arts at Union Settlement, one of the citys oldest settlement houses. They formed the acrobat duo Lang and Cravat in the 1930s, however, in 1939, an injury forced Lancaster to give up the profession, with great regret. He then found work, first as a salesman for Marshall Fields. He served with General Mark Clarks Fifth Army in Italy from 1943–45, although initially unenthusiastic about acting, after returning to New York from his Army service, Lancaster auditioned for a Broadway play and was offered a role. Wallis, who signed him to an eight-movie contract, Lancasters first filmed movie was Desert Fury. Fortunately for Lancaster, producer Mark Hellinger approached him to star in The Killers, in 1946, the tall, muscular actor won significant acclaim and appeared in two more films the following year. Subsequently, he played in a variety of films, especially in dramas, thrillers, and military and adventure films. In two, The Flame and the Arrow and The Crimson Pirate, a friend from his circus years, Nick Cravat, played a key supporting role, in 1953, Lancaster played one of his best-remembered roles with Deborah Kerr in From Here to Eternity. The American Film Institute acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from film in which Deborah Kerr. The organization named it one of AFIs top 100 Most Romantic Films of all time, Lancaster won the 1960 Academy Award for Best Actor, a Golden Globe Award, and the New York Film Critics Award for his performance in Elmer Gantry
25.
Susan Sarandon
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Susan Abigail Sarandon is an American actress and activist. She is an Academy Award and BAFTA Award winner who is known for her social and political activism for a variety of causes. She was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006, Sarandon began her career in the 1970 film Joe, before appearing in the soap opera A World Apart. In 1975, she starred in the classic film The Rocky Horror Picture Show. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City, Thelma & Louise, Lorenzos Oil, and The Client, before winning for Dead Man Walking. She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking. Her other films include, Pretty Baby, The Hunger, The Witches of Eastwick, Bull Durham, White Palace, Little Women, Stepmom, Igby Goes Down, Enchanted, The Lovely Bones, Tammy and she returned to Broadway in the 2009 revival of Exit the King. On television, she is a five-time Emmy Award nominee, including for her guest roles on the sitcoms Friends and Malcolm in the Middle, in March 2017, Sarandon began portraying Bette Davis in the first season of FXs anthology series Feud. Sarandon was born in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City and she is the eldest of nine children born to Lenora Marie and Phillip Leslie Tomalin, an advertising executive, television producer, and one-time nightclub singer. She has four brothers, Philip Jr. Terry, Tim and OBrian and four sisters, Meredith, Bonnie, Amanda and her father was of English, Irish, and Welsh ancestry, his English ancestors being from Hackney in London and his Welsh ancestors being from Bridgend. On her mothers side, she is of Italian descent, with ancestors from the regions of Tuscany, Sarandon was raised Roman Catholic and attended Roman Catholic schools. She grew up in Edison, New Jersey, where she graduated from Edison High School in 1964. She then attended The Catholic University of America, from 1964 to 1968, in 1969, Sarandon went to a casting call for the motion-picture Joe with her then-husband Chris Sarandon. Although he did not get a part, she was cast in a role of a disaffected teen who disappears into the seedy underworld. Between 1970 and 1972, she appeared on the soap operas A World Apart and Search for Tomorrow, playing Patrice Kahlman and Sarah Fairbanks, in 1975, she appeared in the cult favorite The Rocky Horror Picture Show. That same year, she played the female lead in The Great Waldo Pepper. She was twice directed by Louis Malle, in Pretty Baby, the latter earned Sarandon her first Academy Award nomination. Her most controversial appearance was in Tony Scotts The Hunger in 1983
26.
National Lampoon's Vacation
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John Candy, Imogene Coca, Christie Brinkley, and a young Jane Krakowski appear in supporting roles. The screenplay was written by John Hughes, based on his short story Vacation 58 which appeared in National Lampoon, the film was a box-office hit, earning more than $60 million in the US with an estimated budget of $15 million, and received positive reviews from critics. In 2000, readers of Total Film voted it the 46th greatest comedy film of all time, in August 2015 was listed as the best film in the Vacation film series by Daniel Cohen. It continues to be a film and a staple on cable television. Ellen wants to fly, but Clark insists on driving, so he can bond with his family and he has ordered a new car in preparation for the trip, but the dealer claims that it will not be ready for six weeks. Clark is forced to accept a Wagon Queen Family Truckster, an ugly, out-sized station wagon, as the car he brought to trade in has already been hauled away and crushed. After stopping at a decrepit and dirty campground in Colorado for the night, a state trooper pulls the Griswolds over and angrily lectures Clark over animal cruelty but accepts Clarks apology, Edna learns of her dogs death and becomes more irate with Clark. Exiting Colorado, Ellen loses her bag which had her credit cards, while Ellen and Clark argue during a drive between Utah and Arizona, they crash and become stranded in the desert. After setting off alone in the desert to look for help, Clark eventually reunites with his family, the mechanic extorts the remainder of Clarks cash only to make the car barely operational. Leaving, they find that Aunt Edna has died in her sleep and they tie the deceased to the roof of the car, wrapped in a tarpaulin. When they reach Normans home, they discover he is out of town, having enough of the road-trip and of the mishaps they encountered, Ellen and the children want to go back home, but Clark has become obsessed in reaching Walley World and they continue on. Ellen forgives Clark, and the couple goes skinny-dipping as well, despite the familys misfortunes, they finally arrive the next day, only to find that the park is closed for the next two weeks for repairs. Eventually, an LAPD SWAT team arrives, along with park owner Roy Walley, Roy understands Clarks impassioned longing to achieve the perfect vacation, bringing back memories of his own childhood years ago. He decides not to file charges against the Griswolds and lets the family –. During the Chicago Blizzard of 1979, writer John Hughes began developing a story entitled Vacation 58 for an issue of the National Lampoon. While the story ended up being bumped from the initial vacation-themed issue, it was published in September 1979. When I brought it to Hollywood, the first guy I brought it to was Jeff Katzenberg who was at Paramount, recalled producer Matty Simmons and he said it would never make a movie, it was too episodic, too consequential. I said, Yeah, its a road trip and you go from town to town, place to place
27.
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
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Mister Rogers Neighborhood is an American half-hour childrens television series that was created and hosted by namesake Fred Rogers. The series is aimed primarily at preschool ages 2 to 5, despite this, a number of stations have chosen to continue airing the reruns independently of the PBS feed. Eleven years after Mister Rogers Neighborhood concluded, PBS debuted an animated spin-off and it was this program where many of the puppets, characters and music used in the later series were developed, such as King Friday XIII, and Curious X the Owl. It was also the time when Rogers began wearing his famous sneakers, the show won a Sylvania Award for best childrens show, and was briefly broadcast nationally on the NBC Television Network. Rogers moved to Toronto, Ontario in 1961 to work on a new series based on The Childrens Corner which was called Misterogers, most importantly, Rogers appeared on camera in the new show rather than only appearing through puppets or characters. Fred Rainsberry, head of Childrens Programming at CBC, persuaded Rogers to appear on camera in the new show after seeing him interact with children. Ernie Coombs, one of the Americans whom Rogers brought with him to develop the CBC show, would remain with CBC. Coombs first appeared as Mr. Dressup in the CBC program Butternut Square, Coombs then helped to develop what became Mr. Dressup which continued for several decades. In 1966, Rogers acquired the rights to his program from the CBC and moved the show to WQED in Pittsburgh, where he had worked on The Childrens Corner. He renamed the show Misterogers Neighborhood, which initially aired regionally in the northeastern US through EEN, including stations in Boston, Washington, D. C. The 100 episodes of the show incorporated the Neighborhood of Make-Believe segments from the CBC episodes with additional reality-based opening and closing material produced in Pittsburgh. The series was cancelled in 1967 due to lack of funding, the first national broadcast of Misterogers Neighborhood appeared on most NET stations on February 19,1968. In 1970, when PBS replaced NET, it also inherited this program, around the same time the show had a slight title change, to the more-familiar Mister Rogers Neighborhood. The show was in production from February 19,1968 to February 20,1976, the studio in Pittsburgh where the series was taped was later renamed The Fred Rogers Studio, in honor of Rogers himself. Rogers also made a point to behave naturally on camera rather than acting out a character. I also believe that kids can spot a phony a mile away, the half-hour episodes were punctuated by a puppet segment chronicling occurrences in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe. From 1979 to 1981, a version of the opening sequence was used. Usually, the camera goes from the neighborhood to out on the porch of the Rogers television house and this is the same model electric trolley that later in the program will transport viewers into the Neighborhood of Make-Believe
28.
Fred Rogers
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WQED developed his own show in 1968 and it was distributed nationwide by Eastern Educational Television Network. Over the course of three decades on television, Fred Rogers became an icon of American childrens entertainment and education and he was also known for his advocacy of various public causes. Rogers received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, some forty honorary degrees, and he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame, was recognized by two Congressional resolutions, and was ranked No.35 among TV Guides Fifty Greatest TV Stars of All Time. Several buildings and artworks in Pennsylvania are dedicated to his memory, Rogers was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania,40 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, to James and Nancy Rogers, he had one sister, Elaine. Early in life, he spent much of his time with his maternal grandfather, Fred McFeely. He would often sing along as his mother would play the piano, Rogers graduated from Latrobe High School. He studied at Dartmouth College, then transferred to Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, Rogers was also a trained general aviation pilot. At Rollins, he met Sara Joanne Byrd, an Oakland, Florida native and they had two sons, James and John. Rogers was red–green color blind, swam every morning, and neither smoked nor drank and he was a vegetarian on ethical grounds, stating I dont want to eat anything that has a mother. Despite recurring rumors, he never served in the military and his office at WQED Pittsburgh famously did not have a desk, only a sofa and armchairs, because Rogers thought a desk was too much of a barrier. Fred Rogers had a moment when he first saw television in his parents home. He entered seminary after college, but, after his first experience as a viewer and he thus applied for a job at NBC in New York City in 1951 and then worked on musical programs including Your Hit Parade, The Kate Smith Hour, and The Voice of Firestone. He also worked on Gabby Hayes show for children, ultimately, Rogers decided that commercial televisions reliance on advertisement and merchandising undermined its ability to educate or enrich young audiences, so he quit NBC. In 1954, he began working at WQED, a Pittsburgh public television station, Rogers began wearing his famous sneakers when he found them to be quieter than his work shoes as he moved about behind the set. The show won a Sylvania Award for best childrens show and was briefly broadcast nationally on NBC, during his off hours, he would leave the WQED studios during his lunch breaks to study theology at the nearby Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. Rogers, however, was not interested in preaching, and, after his ordination and he had also done work at the University of Pittsburghs program in Child Development and Child Care. Many of his famous set pieces—Trolley, Eiffel Tower, the tree, Mr. Dressup also used some of the songs that would be featured on Rogers later program. The two of them co-starred on Butternut Square on CBC TV between October 19,1964, and February 10,1967
29.
Elephantine Colossus
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It was built in the shape of an elephant, an example of novelty architecture. The seven story structure designed by James V. Lafferty stood above Surf Avenue and West 12th Street from 1885 until 1896, during its lifespan, the thirty-one room building acted as a hotel, concert hall, and amusement bazaar. It was the second of three elephant buildings built by Lafferty, preceded by the extant Lucy the Elephant near Atlantic City, at 150 feet tall, The Coney Island Elephant was over twice the size of Lucy the Elephant. Its legs were 18 feet in diameter, with the front legs serving as a store while the back legs held the entrance. Construction cost a million dollars. Built two years before the Statue of Liberty, it was said to be the first artificial structure visible to arriving to the United States. Construction required 3,500,000 feet of lumber,11,000 kegs of nails,12 tons of bolts and 57,000 square feet of tin to cover the structure. Originally intended to serve as a hotel, the elephant contained novelty stalls, a gallery, a hall. The elephants eyes contained telescopes and acted as an observatory for visitors and its manager claimed to see, from the elephants back, Yellowstone Park, Rio de Janeiro, and Paris. As Coney Island became more established as a center of tourism and leisure, when the elephant caught fire on September 27,1896, it had not been used for several years. Baz Luhrmanns 2001 motion picture Moulin Rouge, features Nicole Kidman as a Parisian courtesan named Satine. Lucy the Elephant, a similar surviving beach attraction elephant in Margate, New Jersey Shapes of Time on Coney Island, with pictures of the Elephant Hotel
30.
Coney Island
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The site was formerly an outer barrier island but became partially connected to the rest of Long Island by land fill. Coney Island is well known as the site of amusement parks, the attractions reached a historical peak during the first half of the 20th century, declining in popularity after World War II and years of neglect. Coney Island is the westernmost part of the islands of Long Island. At its highest it is 7 feet above sea level, the perimeter of Coney Island features man made structures designed to maintain its current shape. The beaches are not a natural feature with replenishing sand being cut off by the jetty at Breezy Point. Sand has been redeposited on the beaches via beach nourishment since 1922-1923, the first such project ever, Sheepshead Bay on the east side is, for the most part, enclosed in bulkheads. The original Native American inhabitants of the region, the Lenape and this name has been attributed the meaning of land without shadows or always in light describing how its south facing beaches always remained in sunlight. A second meaning attributed to Narrioch is point or corner of land, the Dutch established the colony of Nieuw Amsterdam in that area in the early 17th century. The western most island was Coney Island, a 1.25 mile shifting sandspit with an island at its western end extending into Lower New York Bay. East of Coney was originally a peninsula called Coney Hook but in 1750 a canal was dug through the Coney Hook salt-marsh from Brown’s creek east to Hubbard’s creek. This connection to the waterways behind the islands allowed shipping traffic to travel from Jamaica Bay to New York Harbor without having to venture out into the ocean, the canal turned Coney Hook into a detached half mile long island called Pine Island, due to the woods on it. East of Pine was the largest section of island called Gysberts or Guisberts Island, containing most of the land and extending east through todays Brighton Beach. Each island was separated by an inlet that could only be crossed at low tide, Development of the island was slow over the period of the Dutch occupation up through the early 1800s due to land disputes and the intervening Revolutionary War and War of 1812. By the early 1800s there were only a handful of farms across the entire island. There is no historical consensus on how the island got the name Coney Island, a name, in the form of Conyne Eylandt. Development on Coney Island has always been controversial, when the first structures were built around the 1830s, there was an outcry to prevent any development on the island and preserve it as a natural park. Starting in the early 1900s, the City of New York made efforts to all buildings. It was an effort to reclaim the beach which by then had almost completely built over with bath houses, clam bars, amusements
31.
Nicole Kidman
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Nicole Mary Kidman, AC is an Australian actress and film producer. Kidmans breakthrough roles were in the 1989 feature film thriller Dead Calm, other successful films followed in the late 1990s. Her performance in the musical Moulin Rouge, earned her a second Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical and her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her performances in the drama Birth and the thriller The Paperboy earned her Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress and her performance in the 2010 drama Rabbit Hole, which she also produced, earned Kidman further accolades, including a third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 2012, she earned her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the biopic Hemingway & Gellhorn. Kidmans performance in Lion earned her a fourth Academy Award nomination, Kidman has been a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF since 1994 and for UNIFEM since 2006. In 2006, Kidman was made a Companion in the Order of Australia, as a result of being born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship in Australia and the United States. Kidman founded and owns the production company Blossom Films, Kidman was born 20 June 1967 in Honolulu, Hawaii, while her Australian parents were temporarily in the United States on educational visas. Her father was Antony Kidman, a biochemist, clinical psychologist and author and her mother, Janelle Ann, is a nursing instructor who edited her husbands books and was a member of the Womens Electoral Lobby. Kidmans ancestry includes Irish, Scottish, and English heritage, being born in Hawaii, she was given the Hawaiian name Hōkūlani. The inspiration for the name came from a baby elephant born around the time at the Honolulu Zoo but the name is also a commonly used Hawaiian name for girls. At the time of Kidmans birth, her father was a student at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He became a fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States. Opposed to the war in Vietnam, Kidmans parents participated in anti-war protests while living in Washington, the family returned to Australia when Kidman was four and her mother now lives on Sydneys North Shore. Kidman has a sister, Antonia Kidman, a journalist. Kidman attended Lane Cove Public School and North Sydney Girls High School and she was enrolled in ballet at three and showed her natural talent for acting in her primary and high school years. She says that she was first inspired to become an actress upon seeing Margaret Hamiltons performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. Kidman has revealed that she was timid as a child, saying, I am very shy – really shy – I even had a stutter as a kid, which I slowly got over, but I still regress into that shyness
32.
Moulin Rouge
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Moulin Rouge is a cabaret in Paris, France. The original house, which burned down in 1915, was co-founded in 1889 by Charles Zidler and Joseph Oller, close to Montmartre in the Paris district of Pigalle on Boulevard de Clichy in the 18th arrondissement, it is marked by the red windmill on its roof. The closest métro station is Blanche, Moulin Rouge is best known as the spiritual birthplace of the modern form of the can-can dance. Today, the Moulin Rouge is a tourist attraction, offering musical dance entertainment for visitors from around the world, the clubs decor still contains much of the romance of fin de siècle France. The Belle Époque was a period of peace and optimism marked by progress. The Expositions Universelles of 1889 and 1900 are symbols of this period, the Eiffel Tower was also constructed in 1889, epitomising the spirit of progress along with the culturally transgressive cabaret. Japonism, a movement inspired by the Orient, with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec as its most brilliant disciple, was also at its height. Montmartre, which, at the heart of an increasingly vast and impersonal Paris, managed to retain a village atmosphere, festivities and artists mixed, with pleasure. On 6 October 1889, the Moulin Rouge opened in the Jardin de Paris and its creator Joseph Oller and his Manager Charles Zidler were formidable businessmen who understood the publics tastes. The aim was to allow the rich to come and slum it in a fashionable district. The extravagant setting – the garden was adorned with a gigantic elephant – allowed people from all walks of life to mix, workers, residents of the Place Blanche, artists, the middle classes, businessmen, elegant women and foreigners passing through Paris rubbed shoulders. Nicknamed The First Palace of Women by Oller and Zidler, the quickly became a great success. His posters and paintings secured rapid and international fame for the Moulin Rouge, the early years of the Moulin Rouge are marked by extravagant shows, inspired by the circus, and attractions that are still famous such as Pétomane. Concert-dances are organised every day at 10pm, 1886–1910, Footit and Chocolat, a comic act of a white, authoritarian clown and a black, long-suffering Auguste, are very popular and often appear on the Moulin Rouge poster. 19 April 1890, 1st review, Circassiens et Circassiennes,26 October 1890, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII, who on a private visit to Paris, booked a table to see this quadrille whose reputation had already crossed the Channel. Recognising him, La Goulue, with her leg in the air and her head in her skirts, spontaneously called out Hey, Wales,1891, La Goulue, Toulouse-Lautrecs first poster for the Moulin Rouge. 1893, The Bal des QuatzArts caused a scandal with its procession of a nude Cleopatra surrounded by naked women. 12 November 1897, The Moulin Rouge closed its doors for the first time for the funeral of its manager and cofounder,1900, visitors from around the world, attracted by the Universal Exhibition, flock to the Moulin Rouch
33.
Weird U.S.
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It is produced by Kralyevich Productions. It is also a series of travel guides edited by the same two individuals. The pilot episode aired on October 31,2004 on the History Channel, the pilot episode was an hour long. It started as a weekly series on August 1,2005. S. This was followed by several travel guides compiled of the stories sent in by readers. There is now a Weird guide for about half of the states in America
34.
History (U.S. TV network)
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The channel originally broadcast documentary programs and historical fiction series. More recently, it has mostly broadcast various reality series such as Pawn Stars, Ax Men. As of February 2015, approximately 96,149,000 American households receive History, International localized versions of History are available, in various forms, in India, Canada, Europe, Australia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The first European version was launched in Scandinavia in 1997 by Viasat which now operates their own channel, History was launched on January 1,1995 as The History Channel, its original format focused entirely on historical series and specials. On February 16,2008, a new logo was launched on the U. S. network as part of a rebranding effort, while the trademark H was kept, the triangle shape on the left acts as a play button for animation and flyouts during commercials and shows. On March 20,2008, as part of that same rebranding effort, The History Channel dropped The, on June 1,2015, the History logo was slightly updated, completely removing the triangle shape on the left. Programming on History has covered a range of historical periods and topics. Programming also includes mainstream reality television-style shows involving truck drivers, alligator hunters, pawn stores, antique and collectible pickers, car restorers, photography, occasionally some programs compare contemporary culture and technology with that of the past. On March 3,2013, History channel premiered its first original series, during the 1990s, History was jokingly referred to as The Hitler Channel for its extensive coverage of World War II. Much of its programming has been shifted to its sister network Military History. The network has also criticized for having a bias towards US history. The network was criticized by Stanley Kutner for airing the series The Men Who Killed Kennedy in 2003. Kutner was one of three historians commissioned to review the documentary, which the channel disavowed and never aired again, programs such as Modern Marvels have been praised for their presentation of detailed information in an entertaining format. Some of the series, including Ice Road Truckers, Ax Men. Senator Chuck Grassley is a critic of the channel and its lack of historical or educational programming, showing disdain for Ax Men. In his book 2012, Its Not the End of the World, Peter Lemesurier describes the channels Nostradamus series, in which he was invited to participate, as largely fiction, the History Channel was also singled out for ridicule by Smithsonian magazine. The article took issue with the show Ancient Aliens for postulating the idea that caused the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. The online magazine Cracked also lampooned the channel for its definition of history
35.
Lightning
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Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs during a thunder storm. This discharge occurs between electrically charged regions of a cloud, between two clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. The charged regions in the atmosphere temporarily equalize themselves through this discharge referred to as an if it hits an object on the ground. Lightning causes light in the form of plasma, and sound in the form of thunder, Lightning may be seen and not heard when it occurs at a distance too great for the sound to carry as far as the light from the strike or flash. This article incorporates public domain material from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration document Understanding Lightning, the details of the charging process are still being studied by scientists, but there is general agreement on some of the basic concepts of thunderstorm electrification. The main charging area in a thunderstorm occurs in the part of the storm where air is moving upward rapidly and temperatures range from -15 to -25 Celsius. At that place, the combination of temperature and rapid upward air movement produces a mixture of super-cooled cloud droplets, small ice crystals, the updraft carries the super-cooled cloud droplets and very small ice crystals upward. At the same time, the graupel, which is larger and denser. The differences in the movement of the precipitation cause collisions to occur, when the rising ice crystals collide with graupel, the ice crystals become positively charged and the graupel becomes negatively charged. The updraft carries the positively charged ice crystals upward toward the top of the storm cloud, the larger and denser graupel is either suspended in the middle of the thunderstorm cloud or falls toward the lower part of the storm. The result is that the part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes positively charged while the middle to lower part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes negatively charged. This part of the cloud is called the anvil. While this is the charging process for the thunderstorm cloud. In addition, there is a small but important positive charge buildup near the bottom of the cloud due to the precipitation. Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a lightning flash in a particular region of the world. These factors include ground elevation, latitude, prevailing wind currents, relative humidity, proximity to warm and cold bodies of water, to a certain degree, the ratio between IC, CC and CG lightning may also vary by season in middle latitudes. Lightnings relative unpredictability limits a complete explanation of how or why it occurs, the actual discharge is the final stage of a very complex process. At its peak, a thunderstorm produces three or more strikes to the Earth per minute
36.
Life After People
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Life After People is a television series on which scientists, structural engineers, and other experts speculate about what might become of Earth should humanity instantly disappear. The featured experts also talk about the impact of human absence on the environment, the series was preceded by a two-hour special that aired on January 21,2008 on the History Channel which served as a de facto pilot for the series that premiered April 21,2009. The documentary and subsequent series were narrated by James Lurie. Luries narration begins, The series episodes thematically offer examples of urban, the fate of some kinds of flora and fauna are covered as well. Although the series speculates on the fates of landmarks around the world, the various events that may occur after people disappear suddenly are depicted using CGI dramatizations. The timeline of predicted events begins approximately one day after the disappearance of mankind, the programs tagline is the ominous greeting, The two-hour special documentary had an audience of 5.4 million viewers and was the most watched program ever on the History Channel. The success of the special eventually spawned a television series. A second season airing on January 5,2010. A&E Home Video has released these DVDs, That of the documentary, Title. DVD Release Date, March 18,2008 and that of the first season of the series, Title, Life After People, The Complete Season One. DVD Release Date, October 27,2009 and that of the second season of the series, Title, Life After People, The Complete Season Two. DVD Release Date, July 27,2010
37.
Natural environment
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The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some part of Earth and this environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather, and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity. Even acts which seem less extreme, such as building a mud hut or a system in the desert. Though many animals build things to provide an environment for themselves, they are not human, hence beaver dams. People seldom find absolutely natural environments on Earth, and naturalness usually varies in a continuum, more precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform. If, for instance, in a field, the mineralogic composition and the structure of its soil are similar to those of an undisturbed forest soil. Natural environment is used as a synonym for habitat. For instance, when we say that the environment of giraffes is the savanna. Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere as correspondent to rocks, water, air, and life respectively. Some scientists include, as part of the spheres of the Earth, Earth science, is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. There are four major disciplines in sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology, the Earths crust, or lithosphere, is the outermost solid surface of the planet and is chemically and mechanically different from underlying mantle. It has been generated greatly by igneous processes in which magma cools, beneath the lithosphere lies the mantle which is heated by the decay of radioactive elements. The mantle though solid is in a state of rheic convection and this convection process causes the lithospheric plates to move, albeit slowly. The resulting process is known as plate tectonics, volcanoes result primarily from the melting of subducted crust material or of rising mantle at mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes. An ocean is a body of saline water, and a component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered by ocean, a body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans. More than half of area is over 3,000 meters deep
38.
Boardwalk Empire
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Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO. The series is set in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the Prohibition era, the pilot episode was directed by Martin Scorsese and produced at a cost of $18 million. On September 1,2009, HBO picked up the series for an additional 11 episodes, the series premiered on September 19,2010, and completed its five-season run on October 26,2014. Boardwalk Empire received widespread acclaim, particularly for its visual style and basis on historical figures. The series received 57 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Outstanding Drama Series, winning 20. The series also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama in 2011, Nucky acts with historical characters in both his personal and political life, including mobsters, politicians, government agents, and the common folk who look up to him. The final season jumps ahead seven years, to 1931, as Prohibition nears its end, Steve Buscemi as Enoch Nucky Thompson – the corrupt treasurer of Atlantic County and its most powerful political figure. Based on Atlantic City political boss Enoch L. Johnson, Michael Pitt as James Jimmy Darmody – Nuckys onetime protegé, an honor student who left Princeton to serve in World War I, works briefly for Nucky before striking out on his own into organized crime. Kelly Macdonald as Margaret Thompson – a young widow and mother, she turns to Nucky and becomes his mistress, Michael Shannon as Nelson Van Alden / George Mueller – a former Prohibition Agent on the run. Under the alias George Mueller, he is a bootlegger in the Chicago area working as the muscle for Dean OBanions organization, shea Whigham as Elias Eli Thompson – Nuckys younger brother and former sheriff of Atlantic County. Now works as part of Nuckys organization, aleksa Palladino as Angela Darmody – Jimmys wife and the mother of his young son. Michael Stuhlbarg as Arnold Rothstein – a powerful New York gangster who does business with Nucky, charlie Luciano, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel work for him. Stephen Graham as Al Capone – a violent Chicago gangster who is the man of Chicago crime boss Johnny Torrio. Vincent Piazza as Charles Lucky Luciano – a New York gangster, paz de la Huerta as Lucy Danziger – Nuckys former mistress. Michael Kenneth Williams as Albert Chalky White – a powerful African-American gangster in Atlantic City, anthony Laciura as Edward Anselm Eddie Kessler – Nuckys loyal butler. Paul Sparks as Mieczyslaw Mickey Doyle Kuzik – an Atlantic City bootlegger, dabney Coleman as Commodore Louis Kaestner – Nuckys mentor and predecessor in Atlantic City, Jimmys father. John Ellison Conlee portrays a young Commodore in the season 5 flashbacks, jack Huston as Richard Harrow – a former Army marksman who allies with Jimmy. Disfigured in the war, he wears a tin mask over half of his face, gretchen Mol as Gillian Darmody – Jimmys mother and Nuckys longtime friend
39.
Hurricane Sandy
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Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, and the second-costliest hurricane in United States history. Classified as the named storm, tenth hurricane and second major hurricane of the year. While it was a Category 2 storm off the coast of the Northeastern United States, estimates as of 2015 assessed damage to have been about $75 billion, a total surpassed only by Hurricane Katrina. At least 233 people were killed along the path of the storm in eight countries, Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified, on October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm, early on October 29, Sandy curved west-northwest and then moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds. In Jamaica, winds left 70% of residents without electricity, blew roofs off buildings, killed one, and caused about $100 million in damage. Sandys outer bands brought flooding to Haiti, killing at least 54, causing food shortages, and leaving about 200,000 homeless, in Puerto Rico, one man was swept away by a swollen river. In Cuba, there was extensive flooding and wind damage inland, destroying some 15,000 homes, killing 11. Sandy caused two deaths and damage estimated at $700 million in The Bahamas and its storm surge hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power in and around the city. Damage in the United States amounted to $71.4 billion, in Canada, two were killed in Ontario and an estimated $100 million in damage was caused throughout Ontario and Quebec. Hurricane Sandy began as a low pressure system which developed sufficient organized convection to be classified as Tropical Depression Eighteen on October 22 south of Kingston and it moved slowly at first due to a ridge to the north. Low wind shear and warm waters allowed for strengthening, and the system was named Tropical Storm Sandy late on October 22, early on October 24, an eye began developing, and it was moving steadily northward due to an approaching trough. Later that day, the National Hurricane Center upgraded Sandy to hurricane status about 65 mi south of Kingston, at about 1900 UTC that day, Sandy made landfall near Kingston with winds of about 85 mph. Just offshore Cuba, Sandy rapidly intensified to winds of 115 mph, after Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north-northwest over the Bahamas. After briefly weakening to a storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane. The storm moved around a low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada
40.
Harlan Coben
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Harlan Coben is an American author of mystery novels and thrillers. The plots of his novels involve the resurfacing of unresolved or misinterpreted events in the past, murders, fatal accidents. Among his novels are two series, each involving the same protagonist set in and around New York and New Jersey, Coben is the creator of the British crime drama television show The Five which first aired on April 2016 on the Sky 1 channel in the United Kingdom. While studying political science at Amherst College, he was a member of Psi Upsilon fraternity with author Dan Brown, after Amherst, Coben worked in the travel industry, in a company owned by his grandfather. Coben was in his year at college when he realized he wanted to write. His first book was accepted for publication when he was twenty-six and his thriller Play Dead was published in 1990, followed by Miracle Cure in 1991. He then began writing a series of thrillers featuring former basketball player turned sports agent Myron Bolitar, Coben has won an Edgar Award, a Shamus Award and an Anthony Award. He is the first writer to have received all three and he is also the first writer in more than a decade to be invited to write fiction for the New York Times op-ed page. He wrote a story, The Key to My Father. Tell No One, his first stand-alone thriller since the creation of the Myron Bolitar series in 1995, was published in 2001 and it is his best-selling novel to date. Director Guillaume Canet made a based on the book, Ne le dis à personne. Coben followed Tell No One with nine more stand-alone novels and his novel Hold Tight, released on April 15,2008, was his first book to debut at No.1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. Cobens most recent novel, Home, was published on September 20th,2016, Coben lives in Ridgewood, New Jersey, with his wife, Anne Armstrong-Coben, a pediatrician, and their four children, Charlotte, Benjamin, Will and Eve. Fade Away won the 1997 Shamus Award and the Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original, was nominated for the Anthony Award and the Barry Award in the same category, and was nominated for a Dilys Award. The following Myron Bolitar novel, Back Spin, won the 1998 Barry Award and was nominated for the Dilys Award, in 2002, Tell No One was nominated for the Anthony Award, the Macavity Award, the Edgar Award and the Barry Award. In 2010, Live Wire won the worlds most lucrative crime fiction award, official website Harlan Coben at the Internet Movie Database
41.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
42.
Travel Channel
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Travel Channel is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Scripps Networks Interactive. The channel is headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States and it features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. As of February 2015, Travel Channel is available to approximately 91.5 million pay television households in the United States, the Travel Channel was launched on February 1,1987, it was founded by Trans World Airlines, presumably to boost airline patronage. The channels name was derived from the travel-related filler programming that aired between programs on the Home Theater Network, TWA purchased the name rights from Group W Satellite Communications in 1986, and took over HTNs transponder spot following the shutdown of the premium cable channel in January 1987. The network was sold to Landmark Communications, then-owner of The Weather Channel. Discovery Communications acquired a 70% ownership stake in the channel in 1997, in May 2007, Discovery Communications sold Travel Channel to Cox Enterprises subsidiary Cox Communications as part of a larger multibillion-dollar transaction. However, Discovery Communications still distributed the channel through its Discovery Networks unit, on November 5,2009, Scripps Networks Interactive acquired a 65% ownership interest in the network for $1.1 billion, the deal closed in January 2010. Scripps currently distributes the Travel Channel and rebroadcasts some of sister channel Food Networks programming on the network, the deal was completed on May 1,2012, following regulatory approval. The international channels were integrated with Scripps Travel Channel, in late 2015, Scripps announced that it will relocate the Travel Channel headquarters to Knoxville, Tennessee, in order to consolidate its networks in one place. Current employees are given the option to move to Knoxville, though some may relocate to New York, on February 25,2016, Scripps acquired the remaining 35% stake in Travel Channel from Cox Communications, giving it full control over the network
43.
Zippy the Pinhead
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Zippy the Pinhead is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Zippy, an American comic strip created by Bill Griffith. Zippys most famous quotation, Are we having fun yet, appears in Bartletts Familiar Quotations and became a catchphrase. He almost always wears a yellow suit with large red polka dots. His wholehearted devotion to random artifacts satirizes the excesses of consumerism, the character of Zippy the Pinhead initially appeared in underground publications during the 1970s. The Zippy comic is distributed by King Features Syndicate to more than 100 newspapers, Zippy made his first appearance in Real Pulp Comics #1 in March 1971, published by Print Mint. I was fascinated by the pinheads in the scene and asked the projectionist if he could slow down the film so I could hear what they were saying better. He did and I loved the poetic, random dialog, little did I know that Zippy was being planted in my fevered brain. Later, in San Francisco in 1970, I was asked to contribute a few pages to Real Pulp Comics #1 and his only guideline was to say Maybe do some kind of love story, but with really weird people. I never imagined Id still be putting words into Zippys fast-moving mouth some 38 years later, the strip began in The Berkeley Barb in 1976 and was syndicated nationally soon after, originally as a weekly strip. When William Randolph Hearst III took over the San Francisco Examiner in 1985, several months later it was picked up for worldwide daily distribution by King Features Syndicate in 1986. The Sunday Zippy debuted in 1990, the Chronicle quickly restored the strip but dropped it again in 2004, leading to more protests as well as grateful letters from non-fans. The strip has developed a following and continues to be syndicated in many newspapers. Zippys favorite foods are taco sauce and Ding Dongs, Zippys unpredictable behavior sometimes causes severe difficulty for others, but never for himself. He is married to a nearly identical pinhead named Zerbina, has two children, Fuelrod and Meltdown, both apparently in their teens, and owns a cat named Dingy. His parents, Ebb and Flo, live in Florida, Zippys angst-ridden twin brother Lippy also frequently appears. He is portrayed as Zippys total opposite, often dressed in a suit, thinking sequentially. In a daily strip dated 8 March 2005, he is depicted as being moved by the poetry of Leonard Cohen, the landscape paintings of Maxfield Parrish. Correcting the behavior of insensitive louts, another occasionally occurring character is God, appearing either as a disembodied head or a head superimposed on various peoples bodies
44.
Vacation (2015 film)
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Vacation is a 2015 American comedy film written and directed by Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley. It stars Ed Helms, Christina Applegate, Skyler Gisondo, Steele Stebbins, Leslie Mann, Chris Hemsworth, Beverly DAngelo and it is the fifth installment of the Vacation film series serving as both a modernized reboot and a sequel to the original four films. It is also the not to carry the National Lampoon name after Vegas Vacation. The film has received reviews from critics but it was a box office success. The gloating from his friends Jack and Nancy Peterson about a trip they had in Paris doesnt help his situation. He desires to relive the fun of his vacations from his childhood. For the trip, Rusty hires a Tartan Prancer, an ugly, along the way, the Griswolds take many detours. In Arkansas, they are led to a hidden hot spring by a helpful local. They return to the Prancer only to see its been broken into, their luggage and cash stolen, next they stop in Texas to get help from Rustys sister, Audrey, and her husband, Stone Crandall. Rusty begins to suspect problems in his relationship with Debbie due to Stones obviously outward sexual behavior and actions, one night, Stone walks in on the couple and makes a show of his attractive body and oversized member. James finally asserts himself against Kevin with encouragement from Adena, who they encounter again and they intend to fly home to Chicago the next day, but Rusty and Debbie confront each other about their stale marriage and decide to start over again. After spending the day waiting in line, they are cut off by Ethan, a more successful airline pilot rival of Rustys. A fight breaks out, which the Griswolds win, forcing the family to flee. The Griswolds finally board the ride, but it stalls halfway up a loop, as the film end, we see them on the plane to Paris sitting in a pair of uncomfortable seats right next to a lavatory. Exasperated, Debbie asks and learns that it will be a 12-hour flight, in February 2010, it was announced by New Line Cinema that a new Vacation film was being produced. Produced by David Dobkin and written by John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein, in July 2012, it was announced that Ed Helms would star in the sequel as Rusty Griswold, who now has his own family misadventures on the road. On March 28,2013, Variety announced that original series stars Beverly DAngelo and Chevy Chase were in talks to reprise their roles, no mention was made of other series regulars, such as Randy Quaids Cousin Eddie. On April 23,2013, it was reported that the film had been delayed indefinitely, later, Chris Hemsworth and Charlie Day were also reported to co-star
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President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
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Amusement park
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An amusement park or theme park is a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. Theme parks, a type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks. Amusement parks evolved from European fairs and pleasure gardens, which were created for peoples recreation, Worlds fairs and expositions were another influence on the development of the amusement park industry. In common language, the theme park and amusement park are often synonymous. However, a park can be regarded as a distinct style of amusement park. A theme park has landscaping, buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. The amusement park evolved from three earlier traditions, the oldest being the periodic fair of the Middle Ages - one of the earliest was the Bartholomew Fair in England, the worlds oldest amusement park appeared in the Continent. Bakken at Klampenborg, north of Copenhagen, Denmark, opened in 1583, a wave of innovation in the 1860s and 1870s created mechanical rides, such as the steam-powered carousel, and its derivatives. This inaugurated the era of the modern funfair ride, as the classes were increasingly able to spend their surplus wages on entertainment. The second influence was the pleasure garden, one of the earliest gardens was the Vauxhall Gardens, founded in 1661 in London. By the late 18th century, the site had a fee for its many attractions. It regularly drew crowds, with its paths being noted for romantic assignations, tightrope walkers, hot air balloon ascents, concerts. Although the gardens were designed for the elites, they soon became places of great social diversity. Public firework displays were put on at Marylebone Gardens, and Cremorne Gardens offered music, dancing, prater in Vienna, Austria, was opened in 1766. The concept of a park for amusement was further developed with the beginning of the worlds fairs. The first World fair began in 1851 with the construction of the landmark Crystal Palace in London, the purpose of the exposition was to celebrate the industrial achievement of the nations of the world and it was designed to educate and entertain the visitors. American cities and business saw the worlds fair as a way of demonstrating economic. The Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, Illinois was an precursor to the modern amusement park
