Lumpenproletariat
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In Marxist theory, the Lumpenproletariat is the underclass devoid of class consciousness. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels coined the word in the 1840s and used it to refer to the unthinking lower strat
A depiction of the 1848 uprising in Paris by Horace Vernet
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
Ritter with an Ordnungspolizei officer and a Romani woman, 1936
Proletariat
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The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power. A member of such a class is a proletarian or a pro
Lumpenproletariat
…particularly in the context of the revolutions of 1848. They dismissed the revolutionary potential of the Lumpenproletariat and contrasted it with the proletariat. Among other groups, criminals, vagabonds, and prostitutes are usually included in this category. The Social Democratic Party of Germany made wide use…
The Fourth Estate (1901) by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo
Secessio plebis, a form of protest in ancient Rome where the plebeians would leave the city, causing the economy to collapse
Jean-François Millet – The man with the hoe
Adolph Menzel – Iron rolling mill (1872–1875)