1.
Leon Errol
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Leon Errol, was an Australian-born American comedian and actor, popular in the first half of the 20th century for his appearances in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in films. According to his petition for naturalization, he first came to the United States in 1898, by 1905, in Portland, Oregon he managed a touring vaudeville company troupe, giving an early boost to the career of a young comedian named Roscoe Arbuckle. In 1908, he made the United States his home, by 1911 Errol had graduated to the New York big time in the 1911 Ziegfeld Follies on Broadway, notably in two skits with the legendary Bert Williams. Errols sister, Leda Errol was a friend of Ziegfeld Follies star Fanny Brice. He appeared every year in the Follies through 1915, when he is credited as director of the show that included W. C. Fields, Ed Wynn, as well as Marion Davies as one of the Ziegfeld Girls, Errol made his first film, a comic short subject called Nearly Spliced, in 1916, for pioneering east-coast producer George Kleine. By 1930 hed left Broadway and turned his attention to movies. The box-office for that film was disappointing, but overall Errol made a transition to films in a variety of comedy roles. His comic trademark was a wobbly, unsteady walk, moving as though on rubber legs, Errol starred in a long string of two-reel comedy shorts, which began at Columbia Pictures in 1933. Moving to RKO Radio Pictures in 1934, he continued to make six shorts per year until his death in 1951, monogram signed Errol to appear as fight manager Knobby Walsh in the eight entries of their Joe Palooka sports comedies. Leon Errols most famous appearance is in the nonsensical comedy feature Never Give a Sucker an Even Break, starring fellow vaudeville. On February 4,1950, Errol appeared on television as a guest on The Ed Wynn Show, Errols next-to-last film, Lord Epping Returns in 1951, reprised his famous characterization from Mexican Spitfire. Footage from Errols short subjects was incorporated into RKOs compilation features Variety Time, Make Mine Laughs, Footlight Varieties, RKO kept Leon Errol in the public eye by reissuing his older comedies through the mid-1950s. His RKO shorts soon became a staple of syndicated television, Errol married Stella Chatelaine in Denver, Colorado in 1906. She died on November 7,1946 in Los Angeles, five years later Errol suffered a fatal heart attack, on October 12,1951, aged 70
2.
Charles Hawtrey (actor born 1858)
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Sir Charles Henry Hawtrey was an English actor, director, producer and manager. He pursued a career as an actor-manager, specialising in debonair, often disreputable. He occasionally played in Sheridan and other classics, but was associated with new works by writers including Oscar Wilde. Born to a county family, Hawtrey was one of three of his parents five sons to pursue a theatrical career. Before going on the stage he had considered joining the army, a lifelong gambler, both with theatrical productions and on horseracing, to which he was addicted, he was bankrupted several times during his career. Regarded as Britains leading comedy actor of his generation, Hawtrey was mentor, towards the end of his career Hawtrey starred in a handful of silent movies. Hawtrey was born at Slough and educated at Eton College, the son and eighth of the ten children of the Rev. John William Hawtrey and his first wife, Frances Mary Anne. The Hawtrey family had an association with Eton, at the time of Hawtreys birth his father was a housemaster there. At the age of eight Hawtrey entered the school of the college. Three years later John Hawtrey left Eton to found St Michaels School, Slough, Hawtrey was educated there from 1869 to 1872, as a schoolboy he became known as a sportsman of dash and endurance. At the age of fourteen he became a follower of horse-racing. He commented that his first encounter with racing was a day for me. I had one bet and lost half-a-crown, and I have been trying for fifty years to win it back, from Rugby, Hawtrey went briefly to a crammer in London, to study for a career in the army, but soon abandoned the idea. He worked as a tutor from 1876 to 1879 and then he began his theatrical career. It started badly, he broke his collar-bone while playing football and had to withdraw from the cast before the opening night. In February 1881 he matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, but withdrew in October, burnands The Colonel at the Prince of Waless Theatre, London. Uncertain of success, he adopted the stage name Charles Bankes. Of course my hands always felt like two great hams and I never knew what to do them, but I found that eventually I forgot all about them
3.
Robert Walker Macbeth
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Robert Walker Macbeth RA was a Scottish painter, etcher and watercolourist, specialising in pastoral landscape and the rustic genre. His father was the portrait painter Norman Macbeth and his niece Ann Macbeth and his younger brother Henry Macbeth, later Macbeth-Raeburn RA was also an artist. Macbeth studied in London, producing realistic everyday scenes and working for The Graphic magazine and he painted in the Lincolnshire and Somerset countryside, in works influenced by those of George Heming Mason and Frederick Walker. His The Cast Shoe was bought by the Chantrey Bequest in 1890, in 1895 he painted a mural Opening of the Royal Exchange by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 28th October 1844 which can be seen in the Royal Exchange, London. From 1871 Macbeth exhibited at the Royal Academy, Royal Society of Portrait Painters, Grosvenor Gallery, New Gallery, in the same year Macbeth was made an associate of the Royal Watercolour Society becoming a full member in 1901. He became a member of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers in 1880, in 1882 he was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and in 1883 was elected to be a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. In 1883 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy and he married Lydia Esther Bates on 9 August 1887 with whom he had a daughter, Phillis Macbeth, better known as the actress Lydia Bilbrook. However, it has suggested that she was actually the biological daughter of the actor Herbert Beerbohm Tree. He died in Golders Green, north London, caw, J. L. Scottish Painting 1620–1908. Wood, Christopher, The Dictionary of Victorian Painters, Woodbridge,1971 Johnson, the Dictionary of British Artists 1880–1940 Walkley, Giles. Portraits of RW Macbeth at the National Portrait Gallery Biography Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
4.
Somerset
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Somerset is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset is a county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park. There is evidence of occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War, the city of Bath is famous for its substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Somersets name derives from Old English Sumorsǣte, short for Sumortūnsǣte, an alternative suggestion is the name derives from Seo-mere-saetan meaning settlers by the sea lakes. The Old English name is used in the motto of the county, Sumorsǣte ealle, adopted as the motto in 1911, the phrase is taken from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Somerset settlement names are mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, but some hill names include Brittonic Celtic elements, for example, an Anglo-Saxon charter of 682 refers to Creechborough Hill as the hill the British call Cructan and we call Crychbeorh. Some modern names are Brythonic in origin, such as Tarnock, the caves of the Mendip Hills were settled during the Palaeolithic period, and contain extensive archaeological sites such as those at Cheddar Gorge. Bones from Goughs Cave have been dated to 12,000 BC, examples of cave art have been found in Avelines Hole. Some caves continued to be occupied until modern times, including Wookey Hole, the Somerset Levels—specifically dry points at Glastonbury and Brent Knoll— also have a long history of settlement, and are known to have been settled by Mesolithic hunters. Travel in the area was facilitated by the construction of one of the worlds oldest known engineered roadways, the Sweet Track, the exact age of the henge monument at Stanton Drew stone circles is unknown, but it is believed to be Neolithic. There are numerous Iron Age hill forts, some of which, like Cadbury Castle, on the authority of the future emperor Vespasian, as part of the ongoing expansion of the Roman presence in Britain, the Second Legion Augusta invaded Somerset from the south-east in AD47. The county remained part of the Roman Empire until around AD409, a variety of Roman remains have been found, including Pagans Hill Roman temple in Chew Stoke, Low Ham Roman Villa and the Roman Baths that gave their name to the city of Bath. After the Romans left, Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples, by AD600 they had established control over much of what is now England, but Somerset was still in native British hands. The Saxon royal palace in Cheddar was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot. After the Norman Conquest, the county was divided into 700 fiefs, Somerset contains HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was Englands oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610. In the English Civil War Somerset was largely Parliamentarian, with key engagements being the Sieges of Taunton, in 1685 the Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset
5.
Herbert Beerbohm Tree
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Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree was an English actor and theatre manager. Tree began performing in the 1870s, by 1887, he was managing the Haymarket Theatre, winning praise for adventurous programming and lavish productions, and starring in many of its productions. In 1899, he helped fund the rebuilding, and became manager, again, he promoted a mix of Shakespeare and classic plays with new works and adaptations of popular novels, giving them spectacular productions in this large house, and often playing leading roles. His wife, actress Helen Maud Holt, often played opposite him, although Tree was regarded as a versatile and skilled actor, particularly in character roles, by his later years, his technique was seen as mannered and old fashioned. He founded the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1904 and was knighted, for his contributions to theatre and his famous family includes his siblings, explorer Julius Beerbohm, author Constance Beerbohm and half-brother caricaturist Max Beerbohm. His daughters were Viola, an actress, Felicity and Iris, a poet, a grandson was the actor Oliver Reed. Born in Kensington, London as Herbert Draper Beerbohm, Tree was the son and second child of Julius Ewald Edward Beerbohm. The senior Beerbohm was of Dutch, Lithuanian, and German origin, he had come to England in about 1830, Trees younger brother was the author and explorer Julius Beerbohm, and his sister was author Constance Beerbohm. A younger half-brother was the parodist and caricaturist Max Beerbohm, born from their fathers second marriage, Max jokingly claimed that Herbert added the Tree to his name because it was easier for audiences than shouting Beerbohm. The latter part of his surname, bohm, is north German dialect for tree, Trees early education included Mrs Adamss Preparatory School at Frant, Dr Stones school in Kings Square, Bristol, and Westbourne collegiate school in Westbourne Grove, London. After these, he attended his fathers alma mater, Schnepfeuthal College in Thuringia, upon his return to England, he began performing with amateur troupes, eventually using the name Herbert Beerbohm Tree, while working in his fathers business. In 1878 Tree played Grimaldi in Dion Boucicaults The Life of an Actress at the Globe Theatre, shortly after, for the next six years, he performed mainly on tour in the British provinces, playing character roles. He made his London debut late in 1878 at the Olympic Theatre under the management of Henry Neville and his first real success was as the elderly Marquis de Pontsablé in Madame Favart, in which he toured towards the end of 1879. Another London engagement was as Prince Maleotti in a revival of Forget-me-Not at the Prince of Waless Theatre in 1880 and his first London success came in 1884 as the Rev. Robert Spalding in Charles Hawtreys adaptation of The Private Secretary. Tree embellished the comic elements of the role, which added to the popularity of the play and his next role was Paolo Marcari in Called Back by Hugh Conway. The contrast between this dashing Italian spy and his timid parson in Hawtreys play, showed his versatility as a character actor, other appearances over the next two years included roles in revivals of A. W. Pineros The Magistrate and W. S. Gilberts Engaged. In 1886 he played Iago in Othello and Sir Peter Teazle in The School for Scandal with F. R. Bensons company at Bournemouth. The same year, in London, he made a success at the Haymarket Theatre, in 1887, at age thirty-four, Tree took over the management of the Comedy Theatre in the West End of London
6.
Harold Pinter Theatre
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The Harold Pinter Theatre, formerly the Comedy Theatre until 2011, is a West End theatre, and opened on Panton Street in the City of Westminster, on 15 October 1881, as the Royal Comedy Theatre. It was designed by Thomas Verity and built in just six months in painted stone, by 1884 it was known as just the Comedy Theatre. In the mid-1950s the theatre underwent major reconstruction and re-opened in December 1955, in 1883, the successful operetta Falka had its London première at the theatre, and in 1885, Erminie did the same. The theatres reputation grew through the First World War when Charles Blake Cochran, famous actors who appeared here include Henry Daniell who played John Carlton in Secrets in September 1929. The theatre was notable for the role it played in overturning stage censorship by establishing the New Watergate Club in 1956, the Theatres Act 1843 was still in force and required scripts to be submitted for approval by the Lord Chamberlains Office. Formation of the club allowed plays that had been banned due to language or subject matter to be performed under club conditions. Plays produced in this way included the UK premières of Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge, Robert Andersons Tea and Sympathy, the theatre was Grade II listed by English Heritage in June 1972. On 7 September 2011 it was announced that the theatres owner, howard Panter, Joint Chief Executive and Creative Director of ATG, told the BBC, The work of Pinter has become an integral part of the history of the Comedy Theatre
7.
Marie Tempest
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Dame Marie Tempest DBE was an English singer and actress known as the queen of her profession. Tempest became the most famous soprano in late Victorian light opera, later, she became a leading comic actress and toured widely in North America and elsewhere. She was, at times, her own theatre manager during a career spanning 55 years, Tempest was also instrumental in the founding of the actors union Equity in Britain. Tempest was born Mary Susan Etherington in London and her parents were Edwin Etherington, a stationer, and Sarah Mary Castle Etherington. Tempest was educated at Midhurst School and an Ursuline convent in Thildonck, later, she studied music in Paris, France and at the Royal Academy of Music in London, as a singing pupil of Manuel García, the tutor of Jenny Lind. She adopted as her stage name part of the name of Lady Susan Vane-Tempest, Tempest had a sister named Florence Etherington who married theatre manager Michael Levenston. Tempest married Alfred Edward Izard, another student at the Academy and that marriage ended in divorce four years later, and Izard was awarded damages in the divorce settlement. She had a son named Norman in 1888, who would later be referred to in the press as Norman Lennox, taking the surname of Tempests second husband, Cosmo Lennox, whom she married a decade later. Tempest debuted in 1885 as Fiametta in Franz Suppés operetta Boccaccio at the Comedy Theatre in London and she starred steadily in London for the next two years in light operas by Hervé and André Messager, among others. She became internationally famous for her performance in the role in Dorothy by Alfred Cellier. Stephenson, which ran for a record-setting 931 performances and her marriage was damaged by rumours of an affair with her producer, but the same rumours only enhanced her appeal to her audiences. Richard DOyly Carte considered engaging her for his company but W. S. Gilbert reported that she screeched. In 1889, Tempest starred in Cellier and Stephensons Doris, the next year, in 1890, she created the role of Kitty Carol in The Red Hussar in London and then in New York City. She then toured the United States and Canada for a year with the J. C. Duff Comic Opera Company in such operettas as Carmen, Manon, Mignon, The Bohemian Girl and The Pirates of Penzance. She returned to Broadway for the three years in numerous productions including The Tyrolean, The Fencing Master by Reginald De Koven. During this period she was considered one of the few rivals of Lillian Russell, in 1895, George Edwardes bought her back to London to star in his Dalys Theatre productions, beginning with Adele in An Artists Model, which ran for over 400 performances. This was followed by roles in the even more successful The Geisha. Tempest was a star, and her arguments with Edwardes
8.
W. Somerset Maugham
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William Somerset Maugham CH, better known as W. Somerset Maugham, was a British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s, after losing both his parents by the age of 10, Maugham was raised by a paternal uncle who was emotionally cold. Not wanting to become a lawyer like other men in his family, the initial run of his first novel, Liza of Lambeth, sold out so rapidly that Maugham gave up medicine to write full-time. During and after the war, he travelled in India and Southeast Asia, all of these experiences were reflected in short stories. Maughams father, Robert Ormond Maugham, was a lawyer who handled the affairs of the British embassy in Paris. Since French law declared that all born on French soil could be conscripted for military service, his father arranged for Maugham to be born at the embassy. His grandfather, another Robert, had also been a prominent lawyer and co-founder of the Law Society of England and it was taken for granted that Maugham and his brothers would follow in their footsteps. His elder brother Viscount Maugham enjoyed a legal career and served as Lord Chancellor from 1938 to 1939. Maughams mother, Edith Mary, had tuberculosis, a condition for which her physician prescribed childbirth and she had Maugham several years after the last of his three older brothers, they were already enrolled in boarding school by the time he was three. Being the youngest, he was raised as an only child. Ediths sixth and final son died on 25 January 1882, one day after his birth, Edith died of tuberculosis six days later on 31 January at the age of 41. The early death of his mother left Maugham traumatized, he kept his mothers photograph by his bedside for the rest of his life, two years after Ediths death Maughams father died in France of cancer. Maugham was sent to the UK to be cared for by his uncle, Henry MacDonald Maugham, the move was damaging, as Henry Maugham proved cold and emotionally cruel. The boy attended The Kings School, Canterbury, which was difficult for him. He was teased for his bad English and his short stature, Maugham developed a stammer that stayed with him all his life, although it was sporadic, being subject to his moods and circumstances. Miserable both at his uncles vicarage and at school, the young Maugham developed a talent for making wounding remarks to those who displeased him and this ability is sometimes reflected in Maughams literary characters. At sixteen Maugham refused to continue at The Kings School and his uncle allowed him to travel to Germany, where he studied literature, philosophy and German at Heidelberg University. During his year in Heidelberg Maugham met and had an affair with John Ellingham Brooks
9.
The Times
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The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London, England. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, the Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967 and its news and its editorial comment have in general been carefully coordinated, and have at most times been handled with an earnest sense of responsibility. While the paper has admitted some trivia to its columns, its emphasis has been on important public affairs treated with an eye to the best interests of Britain. To guide this treatment, the editors have for long periods been in touch with 10 Downing Street. In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London, although the newspaper is of national scope, in November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, the Sunday Times remains a broadsheet. The Times had a daily circulation of 446,164 in December 2016, in the same period. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006 and it has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the paper, up to 2010, is online from Gale Cengage Learning. The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up and it was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise. Walter bought the patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785, unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name, the Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its life, the profits of The Times were very large. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig, in 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000. Thomas Barnes was appointed editor in 1817
10.
Savoy Theatre
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The Savoy Theatre is a West End theatre in the Strand in the City of Westminster, London, England. The theatre was the first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity, for many years, the Savoy Theatre was the home of the DOyly Carte Opera Company, which continued to be run by the Carte family for over a century. Richards son Rupert DOyly Carte rebuilt and modernised the theatre in 1929 and it is a Grade II* listed building. In recent years it has presented opera, Shakespeare and other non-musical plays, the House of Savoy was the ruling family of Savoy descended from Humbert I, Count of Sabaudia, who became count in 1032. The name Sabaudia evolved into Savoy, Count Peter of Savoy was the maternal uncle of Eleanor of Provence, queen-consort of Henry III of England, and came with her to London. King Henry made Peter Earl of Richmond and, in 1246, on Peters death, the Savoy was given to Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster, by his mother, Queen Eleanor. Edmunds great-granddaughter, Blanche, inherited the site and her husband, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, built a magnificent palace that was burned down by Wat Tylers followers in the Peasants Revolt of 1381. King Richard II was still a child, and his uncle John of Gaunt was the power behind the throne, in about 1505 Henry VII planned a great hospital for pouer, nedie people, leaving money and instructions for it in his will. The hospital was built in the ruins and was licensed in 1512. Drawings show that it was a magnificent building, with a dormitory, dining hall, Henry VIIs hospital lasted for two centuries but suffered from poor management. The sixteenth-century historian John Stow noted that the hospital was being misused by loiterers, vagabonds, in 1702 the hospital was dissolved, and the hospital buildings were used for other purposes. Part of the old palace was used for a prison in the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century, the old buildings were demolished. Carte bought the freehold of the site, then known as Beaufort Buildings, early in 1880 for £11,000, in 1877 he engaged Walter Emden, an architect whose work includes the Garrick and the Duke of Yorks theatres. Before completing the purchase, city officials had assured Carte that they would open a new street on the south side of the plot. He paid his half in March 1880, but the officials caused lengthy delays, Carte told The Times, I am struggling in the meshes of red tape. He finally received the agreement in June. At the same time he ran into another obstacle, Emden suddenly revised his estimate of building costs upward from £12,000 to £18,000, Carte dismissed Emden, who successfully sued for £1,790 for services to date and £3,000 for wrongful dismissal
11.
Apollo Theatre
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The Apollo Theatre is a Grade II listed West End theatre, on Shaftesbury Avenue in the City of Westminster, in central London. The only complete theatre design of architect Lewin Sharp, the Apollo was specifically designed for theatre and named after the Greek god of the arts. It was constructed by builder Walter Wallis of plain London brick in keeping with the neighbouring streets, the structure encloses a four-level auditorium, with three cantilevered balconies and a first-floor central loggia, decorated in the Louis XIV Style by Hubert van Hooydonk. In keeping with then European style, each level has its own foyer, owing to the death of Queen Victoria the previous month, it became the first London theatre to be completed in the Edwardian period. The capacity on the night,21 February 1901, was 893. The capacity today is 775 seats, with the balcony on the 3rd tier considered the steepest in London, owing to a relatively unsuccessful opening, impresario Tom B. Davis took a lease on the building, and hence management of operations, from 1902. The theatre was renovated by Ernest Schaufelberg in 1932, with a private foyer, Prince Littler took control of the theatre in 1944. Stoll Moss Group purchased the theatre in 1975, selling it to Andrew Lloyd Webbers Really Useful Group, nica Burns and Max Weitzenhoffer purchased the theatre and several others in 2005, creating Nimax Theatres, which still owns the theatre. It brought down a lighting rig and a section of balcony, there were 720 people in the audience at the time. The incident was preceded by heavy rain, the emergency services responded with 25 ambulance crews, an air ambulance rapid response team,8 fire engines with more than 50 firefighters, and the Metropolitan Police. Casualties were taken to the foyers of the adjacent Gielgud and Queens theatres, the London Ambulance Service later stated that they had treated 76 injured people, with 58 taken to four London hospitals, some on commandeered buses. Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust said 34 adults and 5 children were treated in accident. The venue reopened on 26 March 2014, with an adaptation of Let the Right One In produced by the National Theatre of Scotland. The owners were able to reopen the theatre by sealing the fourth level and balcony with a temporary floor, the opening caused a public uproar, with a selected audience for the first performance, on Thursday 21 February 1901, and the first public performance scheduled for 22 February. The Times refused to review the private opening, instead waiting until the first public production on the following day, the opening production was the American musical comedy The Belle of Bohemia, which survived for 72 performances—17 more than it had accomplished when produced on Broadway. The production was followed by John Martin-Harveys season, including A Cigarette Makers Romance and The Only Way, george Edwardes produced a series of successful Edwardian musical comedies, including Kitty Grey, Three Little Maids and The Girl from Kays. Between 1908 and 1912 the theatre hosted H. G. Pelissiers The Follies, after this it staged a variety of works, including seasons of plays by Charles Hawtrey in 1913,1914 and 1924, and Harold Brighouses Hobsons Choice in 1916. Inside the Lines by Earl Derr Biggers ran for 421 performances in 1917, gilbert Dayles What Would a Gentleman Do
12.
Reginald Owen
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John Reginald Owen was a British character actor. He was known for his roles in British and American films. The son of Joseph and Frances Owen, Reginald Owen studied at Sir Herbert Trees Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, in 1911, he starred in the original production of Where the Rainbow Ends as Saint George which opened to very good reviews on 21 December 1911. He went to the United States in 1920 and worked originally on Broadway in New York, but later moved to Hollywood and he was always a familiar face in many Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer productions. Owen was the first of five actors to play both Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr Watson. Howard Marion Crawford played Holmes in an adaptation of The Speckled Band. Owen first played Watson in the film Sherlock Holmes, and then Holmes himself in A Study in Scarlet, having played Ebenezer Scrooge, Sherlock Holmes and Dr. He was featured in the Walt Disney films Mary Poppins and Bedknobs and he had a small role in the 1962 Irwin Allen production of the Jules Verne novel Five Weeks in a Balloon. In August 1964, his Bel-Air mansion was rented out to the Beatles, who were performing at the Hollywood Bowl and he died from a heart attack at age 85 in Boise, Idaho. Owen was buried at the Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise, Reginald Owen at the Internet Broadway Database Reginald Owen at the Internet Movie Database
13.
Santa Monica neighborhoods
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The western border of Santa Monica, California is the 3-mile stretch of Santa Monica Bay. With winding roads and steep canyon walls this small enclave shares more with wooded Topanga Canyon than the city of Santa Monica, the border between Santa Monica Canyon and the Palisades is Chautauqua Blvd. Homes on La Mesa Drive are among the most expensive in Los Angeles County, lot sizes vary between 15,000 sq feet up to 60,000 sq feet. Home prices range from $5 million to $30 million, La Mesa Drive is one of the least known in the city, planted with a dense canopy of rare Moreton Bay fig trees the street makes a picturesque driving or walking location. Twenty blocks closer to the ocean the Santa Monica Steps are a set of 189 public steep steps that lead down into the canyon. Streets north of San Vicente are usually short and contain gated estates, North of San Vicente the streets are La Mesa Drive, La Mesa Way, Gale Place, Woodacres Road, Esparta Way, Ermont Place, Foxtail Drive, Larkin Place, Winnett Place and Adelaide Place. This is part of the North of Montana 90402 zip code, South of San Vicente and north of Montana Avenue consist of larger family homes of varying styles and age on larger lots. Most of the lot sizes are 7,500 square feet on 50 X150 lots, the South of San Vicente, North of Montana streets provide an understated conventional walkable play-in-street feel. The Gillettes Regent Square tract, developed by King Gillette - the razor blade manufacturer, are 9,000 square feet on 60 x 150 lots. The Gillette Regent Square section is coveted by potential buyers for the larger homes allowed under the very restrictive zoning laws, wider lots. In 2012, a newly built 11,000 square foot house on a 13,047 square foot lot sold for $9 million. In 2013, a 6,200 square foot house sold for $8.6 million. Homes on La Mesa Drive are among the most expensive in Los Angeles County, lot sizes vary between 15,000 sq feet up to 60,000 sq feet. Home prices range from 5 million to 30 million, La Mesa Drive is one of the least known in the city, planted with a dense canopy of rare Moreton Bay fig trees the street makes a picturesque walking location. Twenty blocks closer to the ocean the Santa Monica Steps are a set of 189 very steep steps that lead down into the canyon. Streets north of San Vicente are usually short and contain gated estates, North of San Vicente the streets are La Mesa Drive, La Mesa Way, Gale Place, Woodacres Road, Esparta Way, Ermont Place, Foxtail Drive, Larkin Place, Winnett Place and Adelaide Place. This is part of the North of Montana 90402 zip code, west of 7th and East of Ocean Ave is the neighborhood noted by 100 x 220 foot lots, some of which have been subdivided into 50X220. Many of Santa Monicas historically significant land marked homes are located here, during Halloween, the streets near 16th Street and Georgina Avenue are famous for their prevalence of trick or treaters, parties, and sheer amount of people
14.
Suffolk
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Suffolk is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west, the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich, other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds, Newmarket and Felixstowe, the county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, by the fifth century, the Angles had established control of the region. The Angles later became the folk and the south folk. Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, Suffolk was originally divided into four separate Quarter Sessions divisions. In 1860, the number of divisions was reduced to two, the eastern division was administered from Ipswich and the western from Bury St Edmunds. Under the Local Government Act 1888, the two divisions were made the administrative counties of East Suffolk and West Suffolk, Ipswich became a county borough. A few Essex parishes were added to Suffolk, Ballingdon-with-Brundon and parts of Haverhill. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, East Suffolk, West Suffolk, the county was divided into several local government districts, Babergh, Forest Heath, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, St. Edmundsbury, Suffolk Coastal, and Waveney. This act also transferred some land near Great Yarmouth to Norfolk, in 2007, the Department for Communities and Local Government referred Ipswich Borough Councils bid to become a new unitary authority to the Boundary Committee. The Boundary Committee consulted local bodies and reported in favour of the proposal and it was not, however, approved by the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Beginning in February 2008, the Boundary Committee again reviewed local government in the county, West Suffolk, like nearby East Cambridgeshire, is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Bronze Age artefacts have been found in the area between Mildenhall and West Row, in Eriswell and in Lakenheath, other finds include traces of cremations and barrows. The majority of agriculture in Suffolk is either arable or mixed, Farm sizes vary from anything around 80 acres to over 8,000. Soil types vary from clays to light sands. The continuing importance of agriculture in the county is reflected in the Suffolk Show, although latterly somewhat changed in nature, this remains primarily an agricultural show. Below is a chart of regional gross value added of Suffolk at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling, well-known companies in Suffolk include Greene King and Branston Pickle in Bury St Edmunds
15.
Walberswick
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Walberswick is a village and civil parish on the Suffolk coast in England. It is at the mouth of the River Blyth on the side of the river. The town of Southwold lies to the north of the river and is the nearest town to Walberswick, Walberswick is around 11 miles south of Lowestoft on the North Sea coast. It is 7 miles east of Halesworth and 28 miles north-east of the county town of Ipswich. Coastal erosion and the shifting of the mouth of the River Blyth meant that the town of Dunwich,3 miles to the south, was lost as a port in the last years of the 13th century. Following a brief period of rivalry and dispute with Dunwich, Walberswick became a trading port from the 13th century until World War I. Almost half of the properties in the village are holiday homes, the name Walberswick is believed to derive from the Saxon Waldbert – probably a landowner – and wyc meaning shelter or harbour. At the top of the village is the 15th-century St Andrews Church, the size of the remaining St Andrews ruins demonstrate how large the parish church once was. The name Walleburyswyke, appearing in a Latin legal record, dated 1440, the World War Two defences constructed around Walberswick have been documented. They included a number of pillboxes, landmines and flame fougasse installations, the beaches were protected with extensive barriers of scaffolding. Walberswick forms part of the constituency of Suffolk Coastal. The local government district is Suffolk Coastal District Council, Walberswick is part of the Walberswick and Wenhaston electoral ward. The population of the parish of Walberswick was 380 at the 2011 census, a large proportion of the homes in the village are second homes or rented holiday homes and are not permanently occupied. With over 1,000 acres of heath and marshland protected within the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, a derelict windmill stands on the marshes near Walberswick. The area around the village makes up the Suffolk Coast National Nature Reserve, the ornate metalwork village sign on the Green is a replica of the one erected in 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The original sign went missing in the 1980s but after changing hands has since returned and restored to mark the Queens Diamond Jubilee. The restored sign has been erected opposite the church, the village and surrounding beach and marshland have long attracted residents drawn from the arts, film and media. In the 1890s and 1900s the village associated with Philip Wilson Steer
16.
Bromham, Bedfordshire
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Bromham is a village and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, west of the town of Bedford. It is within commuting distance to London via Bedford railway station, Bromham is probably the enclosed meadow on which the broom or the dyers weed grew. If so, the cultivation of more than a thousand years since the name was given, has practically eradicated these plants. Another theory as to the origin of the name is Brunas homestead and was first recorded as Bruneham in the Domesday Book of 1086. Other variants including Bruham, Braham, Bramham, Brumham, Brunham, Brumbham, Brynham, Broham, Bronham, Broam, Brounham and Burnham, the modern spelling is first recorded in 1227. The land formed part of the Barony of Bedford held by the Beauchamps, Bromham afterward passed successively into the hands of the Mowbrays, the Latimers, the Nevilles, the Passelowes, the Wildes and the Dyves. Early in the 18th century, the manor was bought by Sir Thomas Trevor, who was afterward created Lord Trevor, and whose mother was a daughter of John Hampden, three of his sons succeeded to the title. The Trevors became connected through marriage with the Rice family and at the death of the late Miss Rice Trevor the estate passed to the Wingfields, fortunately for the bridge, and the rest of the village, it was bypassed. The watermill is referred to in the Domesday Book of 1086, alterations to the weir below the mills leat shortly afterwards caused a reduction to the height of the head-race, resulting in poorer performance from the mills impulse water-wheel. The Church of St Owen is located in the village, the parish is for the greater part enclosed in a bend in the Great Ouse, and it touches the parishes of Oakley, Biddenham, Kempston, Stagsden, Stevington and at its western point, Turvey. It is to the west of Bedford, St Owens Church website Village website Bromham Mill Bromham section of the Victoria County History of Bedfordshire online Bromham Baptist Church website
17.
Bedfordshire
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Bedfordshire is a county in the East of England. It is a county and a historic county, covered by three unitary authorities, Bedford, Central Bedfordshire, and Luton. Bedfordshire is bordered by Cambridgeshire to the east/northeast, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the east/southeast. It is the fourteenth most densely populated county of England, with half the population of the county living in the two largest built-up areas, Luton and the county town, Bedford. The highest elevation point is 243 metres on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns, the traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is Clangers, deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust pastry filled with meat in one end and jam in the other. The first recorded use of the name in 1011 was Bedanfordscir, meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means Bedas ford. Bedfordshire was historically divided into nine hundreds, Barford, Biggleswade, Clifton, Flitt, Manshead, Redbournestoke, Stodden, Willey, Wixamtree, along with the liberty and borough of Bedford. There have been changes to the county boundary, for example, in 1897 Kensworth. The southern end of the county is on the ridge known as the Chiltern Hills. The remainder is part of the drainage basin of the River Great Ouse. Most of Bedfordshires rocks are clays and sandstones from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, local clay has been used for brick-making of Fletton style bricks in the Marston Vale. The Greensand Ridge is an escarpment across the county from near Leighton Buzzard to near Gamlingay in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire is relatively dry, being situated in the east of England. Average annual rainfall is 597.6 millimetres at Bedford, october is the wettest month with 62.5 millimetres, February the driest with 36.7 millimetres. While there is little difference from month to month there are more wet days in autumn and winter but often heavier individual falls in spring and summer, of note were the 1998 Easter floods. Average temperatures in Bedford range from a low of 0.8 °C overnight in February to a high of 22.1 °C during the day in July, in the last 20 years the highest temperature recorded was 35.9 °C. The lowest temperature on record in Bedfordshire is −20.6 °C at Woburn on 25 February 1947, the Bedfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner is Kathryn Holloway who is a member of the Conservative Party. For local government purposes, Bedfordshire is divided into three authorities, the boroughs of Bedford and Luton, and the District of Central Bedfordshire. Bedfordshire County Council was abolished on 1 April 2009, although the three continue to form a county for ceremonial functions such as lieutenancy and High Sheriff
18.
Silent film
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A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936, in silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise, an orchestra would play from sheet music. The term silent film is therefore a retronym—that is, a term created to distinguish something retroactively, the early films with sound, starting with The Jazz Singer in 1927, were referred to as talkies, sound films, or talking pictures. A September 2013 report by the United States Library of Congress announced that a total of 70% of American silent feature films are believed to be completely lost, the earliest precursors of film began with image projection through the use of a device known as the magic lantern. This utilized a glass lens, a shutter and a persistent light source, such as a powerful lantern and these slides were originally hand-painted, but still photographs were used later on after the technological advent of photography in the nineteenth century. The invention of a practical photography apparatus preceded cinema by only fifty years, the next significant step towards film creation was the development of an understanding of image movement. Simulations of movement date as far back as to 1828 and only four years after Paul Roget discovered the phenomenon he called Persistence of Vision. This experience was further demonstrated through Rogets introduction of the thaumatrope, the first projected primary proto-movie was made by Eadweard Muybridge between 1877 and 1880. Muybridge set up a row of cameras along a racetrack and timed image exposures to capture the many stages of a horses gallop, the oldest surviving film was created by Louis Le Prince in 1888. It was a film of people walking in Oakwood streets garden. Edison also made a business of selling Kinetograph and Kinetoscope equipment, due to Edisons lack of securing an international patent on his film inventions, similar devices were invented around the world. The Lumière brothers, for example, created the Cinématographe in France, the Cinématographe proved to be a more portable and practical device than both of Edisons as it combined a camera, film processor and projector in one unit. In contrast to Edisons peepshow-style kinetoscope, which one person could watch through a viewer. Their first film, Sortie de lusine Lumière de Lyon, shot in 1894, is considered the first true motion picture, the invention of celluloid film, which was strong and flexible, greatly facilitated the making of motion pictures. This film was 35 mm wide and pulled using four sprocket holes and this doomed the cinematograph, which could only use film with just one sprocket hole. From the very beginnings of film production, the art of motion pictures grew into maturity in the silent era. Silent filmmakers pioneered the art form to the extent that virtually every style, the silent era was also pioneering era from a technical point of view
19.
Cyril Maude
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Cyril Francis Maude was an English actor-manager. Maude was born in London and educated at Wixenford and Charterhouse School, in 1881, he was sent to Adelaide, South Australia, on the clipper ship City of Adelaide to regain his health. He returned to Britain without having regained his health, but nursing the ambition to be an actor, Maude fulfilled his acting ambition in Denver, Colorado, in the U. S. in 1883. From 1896 until 1905 he was co-manager of the Haymarket Theatre in London with Frederick Harrison, there he became known for his quietly humorous acting in many parts. In 1906 he went into management on his own account, and in 1907 he opened the Playhouse, Maude became very well known for his role in Grumpy as a spoilt old man, who as a retired lawyer solved a crime to keep his loved ones happy. Maude took this play to Australia and toured Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, in 1923 he toured America with Lydia Bilbrook and Mabel Terry-Lewis in If Winter Comes, playing at Chicago in April and New York in the autumn. He starred in films in the 1930s, including Grumpy. In 1947, he appeared at the age of 85 in the film While the Sun Shines, in 1888, Maude married actress Winifred Emery, the daughter of Samuel Anderson Emery and granddaughter of John Emery, both well-known actors in their day. Their children included Margery Maude, who became an actress, Pamela Cynthia Maude, and John Cyril Maude, Pamela Maude married Major William La Touche Congreve VC, DSO, MC on 1 June 1916. He was killed in action on 20 July 1916 during World War I, on 22 December 1919 she married the Hon. William Fraser, DSO, MC, who later became a Brigadier. They also brought up a niece, Winifred Isabel Emery, after the girl was abandoned by Emerys brother in 1895 and this niece, together with her pupil Ruby Preece, was present when dramatist W. S. Gilbert died in his lake at Grims Dyke in May 1911. Winifred Isabel Emery was the mother of poet David Gascoyne, in 1905, Maude succeeded Sir Henry Irving as the President of the Actors Orphanage Fund. Maude died at Torquay, Devon on 20 February 1951, Cyril Maude at the Internet Movie Database Cyril Maude at the Internet Broadway Database portrait Gallery of Cyril Maude at the New York Public Library
20.
Mabel Terry-Lewis
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Mabel Gwynedd Terry-Lewis was an English actress and a member of the Terry-Gielgud dynasty of actors of the 19th and 20th centuries. After a successful career in her twenties and thirties she married and retired from the stage in 1904 and her husband died in 1917 and she returned to the theatre in 1920, continuing to act on stage and in films until the late 1940s. Among her celebrated roles was Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest, Mabel Terry-Lewis was born in London, the youngest of the four children, all daughters, of Arthur James Lewis and his wife Kate, née Terry. Lewis was a businessman, co-owner of the haberdashery firm of Lewis and Allenby. Before their marriage, Kate Terry had been an actress, her younger siblings, Ellen, Marion, Florence. The Lewises had no wish for any of their daughters to act professionally, also present on that occasion was W. S. Gilbert. Carroll wrote of the event, Edith was clever and Katie distinctly good, then Teddie was very good, though a little given to rant, I never saw her equal among children, except Ellen Terry herself. Mabel was the one of the four Terry-Lewis daughters to pursue a theatrical career. Her first appearance on the stage was at the Garrick Theatre, in January 1895, as Lucy Lorimer in A Pair of Spectacles. The Times commented, Miss Lewis … is a tall, dark and graceful young lady, the Manchester Guardian said that she played the pretty little part with unaffected simplicity, and with more ease than might have been expected in a débutante. At the Criterion in May 1897, she played Margaret Linfield in Threepenny Bits, in the same year she played Bianca in The Taming of the Shrew for the Oxford University Dramatic Society at Oxford. Although Kate had the share of the press notices, Mabel was praised for a touching performance. From then until 1904, Terry-Lewis had a stage career. She appeared at the Globe as Bella in School, Blanche Haye in Ours, Esther Eccles, Marie Wiltons old part, in a revival of Caste, and Muriel Eden in The Gay Lord Quex. After playing in a succession of costume dramas, ending with the role of Sylvia Fitzallen in My Lady of Rosedale. Her only West End appearance during her marriage was in 1906, at her aunt Ellen Terrys jubilee celebration at Drury Lane and her marriage, to Captain Ralph Cecil Batley, was a happy one, and she enjoyed her quiet life on his country estate in Dorset. Her young nephew, John Gielgud stayed there on occasions, Batley had to resign his commission in January 1917 because of ill health, and he died on 23 October 1917 aged 54. Writing in 1989 about his aunt, Gielgud was uncertain whether her return to the stage after being widowed was an outlet for her boundless energies or was for financial reasons
21.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
22.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
23.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941 film)
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Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a 1941 horror film starring Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman and Lana Turner. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquired the rights to the 1931 film, originally released by Paramount Pictures, every print of the 1931 film that could be located was destroyed, making it essentially a lost film for decades except for clips until a full version was found and restored. The MGM version was produced by Victor Saville and adapted by John Lee Mahin from the screenplay of the film by Percy Heath. The music score was composed by Franz Waxman with uncredited contributions by Daniele Amfitheatrof, the cinematographer was Joseph Ruttenberg, the art director was Cedric Gibbons, and the costume designers were Adrian and Gile Steele. Jack Dawn created the make-up for the dissolute Mr. Hydes appearance, the film also features Donald Crisp, Ian Hunter, Barton MacLane, C. Dr. Jekyll believes good and evil exist in everyone, experiments reveal his evil side, named Mr. Hyde. Experience teaches him how evil Hyde can be, he rapes Ivy Pearson, meanwhile, Jekyll is preparing to marry Beatrix Emery. Over the course of the film, Hyde abuses Ivy, feeling remorse over the treatment inflicted on Ivy, Jekyll vows to never take the serum again, destroys the key to his lab, and sends money to Ivy anonymously. Ivy believes the money was sent by Hyde in order to trick her into believing she is now free, on the advice of a friend over her rattled nerves, she goes to Jekyll for comfort. Jekyll promises that Hyde will never hurt her again, on the way to Emerys house for the announcement of his marriage to Beatrix, Jekyll transforms into Hyde without taking the serum. He goes over to Ivys house, accuses her of meeting with Jekyll and he escapes back to his lab, but discovers that he no longer has the key to the lab. He fails to break into the front door of his place and goes to Dr. Lanyon, Lanyon is shocked to find out that both Jekyll and Hyde are the same person as Hyde drinks the antidote in his friends presence. Jekyll decides to break off the engagement to Bea in order to keep his secret and she refuses to accept, her reaction triggering Jekyll to become Hyde and frighten Bea. Her father responds to her scream, only to be beaten to death by Hyde, Lanyon finds a piece of Jekylls cane, and realizes hes responsible. He leads police to search Hydes laboratory, only to find Jekyll, during questioning he starts to transform into Hyde. In the ensuing struggle Lanyon mortally shoots Hyde, who reverts to Jekyll as he dies, initial casting had Bergman playing the virtuous fiancée of Jekyll and Turner as bad girl Ivy. However, Bergman, tired of playing saintly characters and fearing typecasting, pleaded with Victor Fleming that she, after a screen test, Fleming allowed Bergman to play a grittier role for the first time. According to MGM records the film earned $2,351,000 resulting in a profit of $350,000, Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 65%, based on 20 reviews, with a rating average of 6. 7/10
24.
The Spider Woman
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The Spider Woman is a 1944 mystery film starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson, the seventh of fourteen such films the pair were involved in. As with all of the Universal Studios films in the series, returning to his assistant Watson in secret, Holmes notes that all the victims were wealthy gamblers, so disguised as Rajni Singh, a distinguished Indian officer, he stalks Londons gaming clubs. It is not long before he encounters the villain of the piece, Holmes discovers that she seeks out men short of money, persuades them to pawn their life insurance policies with her accomplices, then kills them. Holmes sets himself up as her victim, discovering that she uses the deadly spider, Lycosa Carnivora. Holmes also finds the footprint of a child nearby, searching for evidence Holmes and Watson visit eminent arachnologist Matthew Ordway, who may have supplied the deadly creatures. Holmes soon realizes that the man he is speaking to is an impostor, searching the premises, Holmes finds the corpse of the real Ordway, as well as his journals, which allude to something or someone from Central Africa immune to the spider venom. This baffles Holmes until he finds the skeleton of a child. Holmes and Watson continue their investigations at a fairground, where Holmes allows himself to fall into the clutches of Spedding. Bound and gagged, Holmes is tied behind a target in a shooting gallery, at which Lestrade. However Holmes manages to escape, and Lestrade and the police arrest Spedding, her gang, the mute child with a compulsion to catch flies is similar to a character in The Copper Beeches. The film also featured elements of The Devils Foot, Holmes described the antagonist as a female Moriarty, referencing his nemesis Professor James Moriarty. Holmes request that Watson whisper pygmy in his ear if he becomes overconfident is from The Yellow Face, elements of The Spider Woman were given homage in the Sherlock episode The Empty Hearse, including Watson mistaking a genuine client for a false-bearded Holmes in disguise. Gale Sondergaard starred in a role in the misleadingly-titled The Spider Woman Strikes Back also produced by Universal. Filmed during World War II, the targets in the shooting gallery are Hitler, Mussolini. Previous films Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror and Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon featured Nazis as antagonists, the Spider Woman at the Internet Movie Database The Spider Woman at AllMovie The Spider Woman at the TCM Movie Database The Spider Woman at the American Film Institute Catalog
25.
Passport to Destiny
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Ella Muggins is a Camberwell cleaning woman who is the widow of a regimental sergeant major. One day during the London Blitz, she relates to her friends a story about a magic eye charm that her husband obtained during his Army service in India that protected him from all harm. Whilst cleaning her attic, she goes through her husbands effects, during an air raid, she is caught in the middle of the street with a delay-action bomb. One air raid warden tells her to run, another to lie down and she does the latter and survives the explosion, though she is helped to the shelter in a daze. As she recovers, she is convinced that her husbands Magic Eye charm has protected her and she asks a friend what she would do if she were totally invulnerable. Looking up to the street being bombed, her friend replies that she would go to Germany, Ella leaves the shelter, unconcerned about the bombs exploding around her, as she sets out to do just that. Stowing away on a British merchant ship, Ella is discovered by the crew, who think having a woman aboard is bad luck, subsequently, Ella reaches France in a lifeboat, where the other survivors are quickly captured by the Germans. Ella works her way across France and Germany, pretending to a cleaning woman. She shares a train compartment with German Captain Franz Von Weber, franzs fiancees uncle, Frederick Walthers arrives, and she is asked to leave the compartment. Both men are members of the anti-Hitler German resistance, Walthers informs Franz that Grete, his fiancee, has been arrested. Franz is determined to rescue her, Ella gets herself hired as a cleaner in the Reich Chancellery when she convinces Lieutenant Bosch that she is deaf and dumb. Luckily for her, she sees Boschs reflection when her back is turned to him and she is working in Sturmfuehrer Dietrichs office when the British traitor Herr Joyce, Lord Haw, comes to complain about his treatment. Dietrich is unconcerned, as Joyces usefulness is rapidly diminishing, on his way out, Joyce slips on a bar of soap Ella has carefully placed. Ella also overhears that Grete is being held in Mobit Prison, when Franz tries to see Dietrich, Ella writes the message Grete Mobit on the floor. Noticing Ellas brush says Champion, Made in England, Franz later hears the supposedly deaf and dumb woman singing in English, outside, she lends him her Magic Eye to rescue Grete. Franz is able to have Greta released, but it is actually a ploy by Dietrich, inside Hitlers private office, Ella rehearses what she will say to him, but Dietrich is eavesdropping on the intercom. Lord Haw-Haw enters and begs Ella to help him escape from Germany, both are arrested, as are Frederick, Franz and Grete. After Dietrich gives Ella back the eye, the Royal Air Force bombs the Chancellery, Frederick is killed, but Ella, Franz and Grete take advantage of the confusion to escape to an airfield, where Franz steals a bomber
26.
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945 film)
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The Picture of Dorian Gray is a 1945 American horror-drama film based on Oscar Wildes 1890 novel of the same name. Released in March 1945 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film is directed by Albert Lewin and stars George Sanders as Lord Henry Wotton, shot primarily in black-and-white, the film features four inserts in 3-strip Technicolor of Dorians portrait as a special effect. Dorian Gray is a handsome, wealthy man living in 19th century London. While generally intelligent, he is naive and easily manipulated and these faults lead to his spiral into sin and, ultimately, misery. While posing for a painting by his friend Basil Hallward, Dorian meets Basils friend Lord Henry Wotton, Wotton is cynical and witty, and tells Dorian that the only life worth living is one dedicated entirely to pleasure. After Wotton convinces Dorian that youth and beauty will bring him everything he desires and he makes this statement in the presence of a certain Egyptian statue, which supposedly has the power to grant wishes. Dorian visits a tavern, where he falls in love with a singer named Sibyl Vane. He eventually enters a romance with her, despite the disapproval of Sibyls brother James, though initially overjoyed, Dorian is again persuaded by Lord Henry to pursue a more hedonistic lifestyle. Dorian sends Sibyl a hurtful letter, breaking off their relationship, the next morning, Lord Henry informs Dorian that a heartbroken Sibyl Vane had killed herself the night before. Dorian is at first shocked and guilt-ridden but then adopts Lord Henrys indifferent manner and he surprises Basil by going to the opera immediately after hearing of Sibyls death. Returning home that night, Dorian notices a change in the portrait Basil had painted, the portrait looks harsher, and a shaken Dorian has it locked away in his old school room. He becomes even more dedicated to living a sinful and heartless life, years later, Dorian is nearing his fortieth birthday, but he looks the same as he did when he was twenty-two. The townspeople are awestruck at his unchanging appearance, over eighteen years of pointless debauchery, the portrait remained locked away, with Dorian holding the only key. Dorian had grown more and more paranoid about the pictures being seen by others, he fires servants who he thought might suspect, over the years, the painting of the young Dorian had warped into that of a hideous, demon-like creature that reflects Dorians sins. Basil eventually catches a glimpse of the portrait and attempts to talk Dorian into reforming his life, however, Dorian panics and murders his friend, leaving the body locked in the school room with the painting. Dorian blackmails an old friend, Allen Campbell, into disposing of Basils body secretly and he then enters into a romance with Basils niece, Gladys, who was a young child when the portrait was painted. Though Gladys had always loved Dorian, those who were close to him begin to find him suspicious. Dorian begins to realize the harm his life is doing to himself and he is assaulted by James Vane, Sibyls brother, who had sworn revenge for his sisters death
27.
Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid
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Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid is a 1948 American fantasy film directed by Irving Pichel starring William Powell and Ann Blyth in the title roles. Irene Hervey plays Mr. Peabodys wife, the film was based on the 1945 novel Peabodys Mermaid by Guy and Constance Jones. Sequences were shot at the Weeki Wachee Springs in Florida, the film stars William Powell as Arthur Peabody, who is undergoing a midlife crisis as he approaches his 50th birthday. Much of the story is shown in flashback as Peabody tells his skeptical doctor the source of his malaise, Peabody goes on vacation with his wife Polly to a Caribbean resort. While there, he hears singing coming from a distant key, to his surprise, he reels in Lenore, a beautiful mermaid played by Ann Blyth. Although mute, Lenore is mischievous and childlike and more than a little bit alluring – so much so that before long Peabody has taught her to kiss and he hides Lenore by letting her soak in a suds-filled bathtub and then in the resort’s fish pond. But confusion ensues as his wife thinks he has a big fish in their bathtub and later suspects him of infidelity with Cathy Livingston, things get even more complicated when, after Polly returns home without Peabody, police suspect him of murder. But by the conclusion, Peabody and his wife are happily back at home in Boston with only Lenore’s comb left to prove the reality of his adventure. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2002, in Action Comics #130, Superman becomes infatuated with a real-life mermaid called Ann Blyth. The producers of the film turned to DC Comics to aid in promotion, mermaids in popular culture Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid at the TCM Movie Database Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid at the Internet Movie Database
28.
All Over the Town
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All Over the Town is a 1949 British comedy film directed by Derek N. Twist and starring Norman Wooland, Sarah Churchill and Cyril Cusack and it was based on a novel by R. F. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, Nat Hearn returns to his job as a reporter on the Tormouth Clarion. He is now working alongside Sally Thorpe, who had taken his job when he enlisted, later, Nat becomes the owner of the paper, but his employees strike, disagreeing with Nats stance on Tormouths housing scheme. The town supports Nat in the dispute, vince Anthony Oliver as PC Butt Erik Chitty as Frobisher Walter Horsbrugh as Mr. The film was shot in Lyme Regis, the New York Times described it as a slow, dogmatic little picture with a dog-eared plot. In The Times, the plot was seen as unoriginal. By the beginning of the 21st century, the known surviving copy of the film was the negative at the BFI National Film. In 2005, the Lyme Regis Film Society commissioned the production of a new print from the negative and this copy of the film is housed in Lyme Regis Museum and has been shown at the local Regent Cinema on a few occasions. All Over the Town at the Internet Movie Database All Over the Town at the BFI Film & TV Database Review of film at Variety
29.
National Portrait Gallery, London
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The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in London housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. It was the first portrait gallery in the world when it opened in 1856, the gallery moved in 1896 to its current site at St Martins Place, off Trafalgar Square, and adjoining the National Gallery. It has been expanded twice since then, the National Portrait Gallery also has regional outposts at Beningbrough Hall in Yorkshire and Montacute House in Somerset. It is unconnected to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, the gallery is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The gallery houses portraits of important and famous British people, selected on the basis of the significance of the sitter. The collection includes photographs and caricatures as well as paintings, drawings, one of its best-known images is the Chandos portrait, the most famous portrait of William Shakespeare although there is some uncertainty about whether the painting actually is of the playwright. Not all of the portraits are exceptional artistically, although there are self-portraits by William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, some, such as the group portrait of the participants in the Somerset House Conference of 1604, are important historical documents in their own right. Portraits of living figures were allowed from 1969, the three people largely responsible for the founding of the National Portrait Gallery are commemorated with busts over the main entrance. At centre is Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope, with his supporters on either side, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay and it was Stanhope who, in 1846 as a Member of Parliament, first proposed the idea of a National Portrait Gallery. It was not until his attempt, in 1856, this time from the House of Lords. With Queen Victorias approval, the House of Commons set aside a sum of £2000 to establish the gallery, as well as Stanhope and Macaulay, the founder Trustees included Benjamin Disraeli and Lord Ellesmere. It was the latter who donated the Chandos portrait to the nation as the gallerys first portrait, Carlyle became a trustee after the death of Ellesmere in 1857. For the first 40 years, the gallery was housed in locations in London. The first 13 years were spent at 29 Great George Street, there, the collection increased in size from 57 to 208 items, and the number of visitors from 5,300 to 34,500. In 1869, the moved to Exhibition Road and buildings managed by the Royal Horticultural Society. Following a fire in buildings, the collection was moved in 1885. This location was unsuitable due to its distance from the West End, condensation. Following calls for a new location to be found, the government accepted an offer of funds from the philanthropist William Henry Alexander, Alexander donated £60,000 followed by another £20,000, and also chose the architect, Ewan Christian
30.
University of Rochester
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The University of Rochester is a private, nonsectarian, research university in Rochester, New York. The university grants undergraduate and graduate degrees, including doctoral and professional degrees, the university has six schools and various interdisciplinary programs. The University of Rochester is particularly noted for its Eastman School of Music, the university is also home to the Institute of Optics, founded in 1929, the first educational program in the US devoted exclusively to optics. Rochesters Laboratory for Laser Energetics is home to the second most energetic fusion laser in the world, the University of Rochester, across all of its schools and campuses, enrolls approximately 5,600 undergraduates and 4,600 graduate students. Its 158 buildings house over 200 academic majors, additionally, Rochester is the largest employer in the Greater Rochester area and the sixth largest employer in New York. The University of Rochester was founded in 1850 as a Baptist-sponsored institution, the impetus to form the university came primarily from the town of Hamilton, New York, which has been home to Colgate University since 1819. In 1848, the Baptist Education Society planned to move Colgate University to the city of Rochester, but was halted by legal action in Hamilton. Dissenting Colgate trustees, faculty, and students founded the University of Rochester with a charter granted from the Regents of the University of the State of New York on January 31,1850, classes began that November, with approximately 60 students enrolling, including 28 transfers from Madison. In 1853, the campus moved east to a location on what is now University Avenue. Local businessman and Congressman Azariah Boody donated 8 acres of land for the new campus, UR would remain on this campus until the current River Campus was constructed in 1930, and the university continues to own a small part of the University Avenue campus. The first female students were admitted in 1900, the result of an effort led by Susan B, during the 1890s, a number of women took classes and labs at the university as visitors but were not officially enrolled nor were their records included in the college register. President David Jayne Hill allowed the first woman, Helen E. Wilkinson, to enroll as a normal student, thirty-three women enrolled among the first class in 1900, and Ella S. Wilcoxen was the first to receive a degree, in 1901. When the River Campus was completed in 1930, male students moved there while the students remained on the University Avenue campus until 1955. Major growth occurred under the leadership of Rush Rhees, during his 1900-1935 tenure, during this time, George Eastman became a major donor, giving more than $50 million to the university. The first Ph. D. was awarded in 1925, in 1955, the separate colleges for men and women were merged into The College. In 1958, three new schools were created in engineering, business administration, and education, during World War II, Rochester was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. The plan also revised the undergraduate curriculum significantly, creating the current system with one required course. In the mid-1980s, the University commissioned a study to determine if the name of the institution should be changed, reports of the latter conclusion led to controversy and criticism in the Rochester community
31.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
32.
The Observer
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The Observer is a British newspaper, published on Sundays. First published in 1791, it is the worlds oldest Sunday newspaper, the first issue, published on 4 December 1791 by W. S. Bourne, was the worlds first Sunday newspaper. Believing that the paper would be a means of wealth, Bourne instead soon found himself facing debts of nearly £1,600, though early editions purported editorial independence, Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government. When this failed, Bournes brother made an offer to the government, as a result, the paper soon took a strong line against radicals such as Thomas Paine, Francis Burdett and Joseph Priestley. In 1807, the decided to relinquish editorial control, naming Lewis Doxat as the new editor. Seven years later, the brothers sold The Observer to William Innell Clement, the woodcut pictures published of the stable and hayloft where the conspirators were arrested reflected a new stage of illustrated journalism that the newspaper pioneered during this time. Clement maintained ownership of The Observer until his death in 1852, during that time, the paper supported parliamentary reform, but opposed a broader franchise and the Chartist leadership. After Doxat retired in 1857, Clements heirs sold the paper to Joseph Snowe, under Snowe, the paper adopted a more liberal political stance, supporting the North during the American Civil War and endorsing universal manhood suffrage in 1866. These positions contributed to a decline in circulation during this time, in 1870, wealthy businessman Julius Beer bought the paper and appointed Edward Dicey as editor, whose efforts succeeded in reviving circulation. Though Beers son Frederick became the owner upon Juliuss death in 1880, henry Duff Traill took over the editorship after Diceys departure, only to be replaced in 1891 by Fredericks wife, Rachel Beer, of the Sassoon family. Though circulation declined during her tenure, she remained as editor for thirteen years, combining it in 1893 with the editorship of The Sunday Times, upon Fredericks death in 1901, the paper was purchased by the newspaper magnate Lord Northcliffe. After maintaining the editorial leadership for a couple of years. Garvin quickly turned the paper into an organ of political influence, yet the revival in the papers fortunes masked growing political disagreements between Garvin and Northcliffe. These disagreements ultimately led Northcliffe to sell the paper to William Waldorf Astor in 1911, during this period, the Astors were content to leave the control of the paper in Garvins hands. Under his editorship circulation reached 200,000 during the interwar years, politically the paper pursued an independent Tory stance, which eventually brought Garvin into conflict with Waldorfs more liberal son, David. Their conflict contributed to Garvins departure as editor in 1942, after which the paper took the step of declaring itself non-partisan. Ownership passed to Waldorfs sons in 1948, with David taking over as editor and he remained in the position for 27 years, during which time he turned it into a trust-owned newspaper employing, among others, George Orwell, Paul Jennings and C. A. Lejeune. Under Astors editorship The Observer became the first national newspaper to oppose the governments 1956 invasion of Suez, in 1977, the Astors sold the ailing newspaper to US oil giant Atlantic Richfield who sold it to Lonrho plc in 1981
