1.
Neoclassical architecture
–
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century. In its purest form, it is a style derived from the architecture of classical antiquity, the Vitruvian principles. In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro, Neoclassical architecture is still designed today, but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings. In Central and Eastern Europe, the style is referred to as Classicism. Many early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée, the many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullées ideas and Edmund Burkes conception of the sublime, the baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell, the book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book featured the work of Inigo Jones. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain, at the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic architect earl, Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladios Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and this severe lack of ornamentation was to be a feature of the Palladianism. In 1734 William Kent and Lord Burlington designed one of Englands finest examples of Palladian architecture with Holkham Hall in Norfolk, the main block of this house followed Palladios dictates quite closely, but Palladios low, often detached, wings of farm buildings were elevated in significance. This classicising vein was also detectable, to a degree, in the Late Baroque architecture in Paris. This shift was even visible in Rome at the redesigned façade for S, by the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s, in France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The style was adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden. A second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire, in France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the Louis XVI style, and the second in the styles called Directoire or Empire. The Scottish architect Charles Cameron created palatial Italianate interiors for the German-born Catherine II the Great in St. Petersburg, indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved an audience in the 1760s
2.
Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
–
Elkins Park is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, a close-in suburb of Philadelphia. It is split between Cheltenham and Abington Townships in the suburbs of the city, which it borders along Cheltenham Avenue roughly 6 miles from downtown, an affluent community, it is the home of Lynnewood Hall, a 110-room, derelict Gilded Age mansion. Beth Sholom Synagogue, the synagogue designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Elkins Estate. It is represented by Brendan F. Boyle in Pennsylvanias 13th congressional district, the Jenkintown and Melrose Park stations are also found near the neighborhood of Elkins Park, and are served by the same regional rail lines. SEPTA bus routes 28,55,70 and 77 also provide service to Elkins Park, toward the western end of Elkins Park is Pennsylvania Route 611. In Elkins Park, Pennsylvania Route 73 runs along Township Line Road, Roberts, co-founder of Comcast, father of current Comcast chief executive officer, Brian L. Roberts Jeffrey Solow, classical cellist and academic Peter A. B. Widener, head of a wealthy and historically prominent family Harry Elkins Widener, during the shows second season, Bettys father has a series of strokes, and is taken to Elkins Park Hospital in the script. This would have actually been the former Rolling Hill Hospital, which opened in 1953, and is now known as Mossrehab and Einstein at Elkins Park, part of the Einstein Healthcare Network
3.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Peter Arrell Browne Widener
–
Peter Arrell Browne Widener was an American art collector, businessman, and head of the Widener family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A merchant who supplied meat to the Union Army during the United States Civil War, Widener grew to prominence in the city and by 1871 had become Philadelphia City Treasurer. He and his Philadelphia business partner William L. Elkins invested in public systems in other major cities with businessmen such as Charles Tyson Yerkes. Widener used the wealth accumulated from that business to become a founding organizer of U. S. Steel. He is considered to have been among the 100 wealthiest Americans, Widener was named after Peter Arrell Browne, a noted lawyer in 19th-century Philadelphia. In 1858, he married Hannah Josephine Dunton, and they had three sons, Harry, George and Joseph, in 1900 he completed Lynnewood Hall in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, a 110-room Georgian-style mansion designed by Horace Trumbauer. Widener was an art collector, with a collection that included more than a dozen paintings by Rembrandt as well as works by then-new artists Édouard Manet. Wideners son, George Dunton Widener, and grandson, Harry Elkins Widener, Widener died at Lynnewood Hall at the age of 80 on November 6,1915, after having suffered from poor health for three years. Rhône v. Peter A. B. Widener Widener University Article on Widener and Widener Mansion in Philadelphia, Peter Arrell Browne Widener at Find a Grave
5.
Horace Trumbauer
–
Horace Trumbauer was a prominent American architect of the Gilded Age, known for designing residential manors for the wealthy. Later in his career he also designed hotels, office buildings, Trumbauers massive palaces flattered the egos of his robber baron clients, but were dismissed by his professional peers. His work made him a man, but his buildings rarely received positive critical recognition. Today, however, he is hailed as one of Americas premier architects, Trumbauer was born in Philadelphia, the son of a salesman. He completed a 6-year apprenticeship with G. W. and W. D. Hewitt and he did some work for developers Wendell and Smith, designing homes for middle-class planned communities, including the Overbrook Farms and Wayne Estate developments. Trumbauers first major commission was Grey Towers Castle, designed for the sugar magnate William Welsh Harrison, Widener, whose 110-room Georgian-revival palace, Lynnewood Hall, launched Trumbauers successful career. Built with a gift from Eleanor Elkins Widener, the library is a memorial to her son, Harry, Class of 1907, in 1903, he married Sara Thomson Williams and became stepfather to Agnes Helena. Architectural Record published a survey of his work in 1904, in 1906, Trumbauer hired Julian Abele, the first African-American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Architecture Department, and promoted him to chief designer in 1909. Trumbauers later buildings are attributed to Abele, but this is speculation. With the exception of the chapel at Duke University, Abele never claimed credit for any of the buildings designed during Trumbauers lifetime. The commission for the Philadelphia Museum of Art was shared between Trumbauers firm and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary, Trumbauer architect Howell Lewis Shay is credited with the buildings plan and massing, although the perspective drawings appear to be in Abeles hand. When it opened in 1928, the building was criticized as being vastly overscaled and nicknamed the great Greek garage. But, perched on Fairmount Hill and terminating the axis of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, in 1933, Trumbauer was commissioned to build an ornate Anti-Regime French style mansion for Herbert Nathan Straus, the youngest son of Macys founder Isidor Straus. Built in limestone with intricate carvings on the façade, the mansion is now the largest private residence in Manhattan and it is currently owned by financier Jeffrey Epstein and the Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation. The mansion exemplifies the classic but opulent style requested of industry barons of that time, despite tremendous success and his apparent ability to impress wealthy clients, Trumbauer suffered from overwhelming shyness and a sense of inferiority about his lack of formal education. He had a number of commissions until the Great Depression, and he died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1938, and is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Part of Wendell & Smiths Wayne Estate development, Grey Towers Castle, Glenside, PA Chelten House, Elkins Park, PA Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, PA John C. Bell House, Rittenhouse Square Elstowe Manor, Elkins Park, PA Edward C, mrs. Dixon was Eleanor Widener, the mansions name is hers spelled backward
6.
Elkins Park
–
Elkins Park is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, a close-in suburb of Philadelphia. It is split between Cheltenham and Abington Townships in the suburbs of the city, which it borders along Cheltenham Avenue roughly 6 miles from downtown, an affluent community, it is the home of Lynnewood Hall, a 110-room, derelict Gilded Age mansion. Beth Sholom Synagogue, the synagogue designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Elkins Estate. It is represented by Brendan F. Boyle in Pennsylvanias 13th congressional district, the Jenkintown and Melrose Park stations are also found near the neighborhood of Elkins Park, and are served by the same regional rail lines. SEPTA bus routes 28,55,70 and 77 also provide service to Elkins Park, toward the western end of Elkins Park is Pennsylvania Route 611. In Elkins Park, Pennsylvania Route 73 runs along Township Line Road, Roberts, co-founder of Comcast, father of current Comcast chief executive officer, Brian L. Roberts Jeffrey Solow, classical cellist and academic Peter A. B. Widener, head of a wealthy and historically prominent family Harry Elkins Widener, during the shows second season, Bettys father has a series of strokes, and is taken to Elkins Park Hospital in the script. This would have actually been the former Rolling Hill Hospital, which opened in 1953, and is now known as Mossrehab and Einstein at Elkins Park, part of the Einstein Healthcare Network
7.
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
–
Montgomery County, locally also referred to as Montco, is a county located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Montgomery County is very diverse, ranging from farms and open land in Upper Hanover to densely populated streets in Cheltenham. Montgomery County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area and it is a suburban county northwest of Philadelphia, and marks part of the regions northern border with the Lehigh Valley region of the state to the north. In 2010, it was the 51st wealthiest county in the country, in 2008, it was named the 9th Best Place to Raise a Family by Forbes. The county was created on September 10,1784, out of land originally part of Philadelphia County, the first courthouse was housed in the Barley Sheaf Inn. Early histories of the county indicate the origin of the name as uncertain. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 487 square miles. About 4. 3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino, as of the census of 2000,750,097 people,286,098 households, and 197,693 families resided in the county. The population density was 1,553 people per square mile, the 297,434 housing units averaged 238 units/km². The racial makeup of the county was 86. 46% White,7. 46% Black or African American,0. 11% Native American,4. 02% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 75% from other races, and 1. 16% from two or more races. About 2. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,17. 5% were of German,16. 7% Irish,14. 3% Italian,6. 5% English, and 5. 0% Polish ancestry according to 2000 United States Census. Around 90. 5% spoke English,2. 0% Spanish,1. 1% Korean, Historically, much of western Montgomery County is part of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, with a great many descendants of German-speaking settlers from the 18th century. Montgomery County is home to large and growing African American, Korean American, Puerto-Rican American, Mexican American, the county has the second-largest foreign-born population in the region. About 25. 60% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was distributed as 24. 10% under the age of 18,7. 10% from 18 to 24,30. 50% from 25 to 44,23. 40% from 45 to 64, the median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.60 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $60,829, males had a median income of $48,698 versus $35,089 for females. The per capita income for the county was $30,898, about 2. 80% of families and 4. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4. 60% of those under age 18 and 5. 10% of those age 65 or over
8.
Gilded Age
–
The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the portion of the Victorian era in Britain. It began as the US Reconstruction Era ended in 1877, the Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. As American wages were higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers. The rapid expansion of industrialization led to real wage growth of 60% between 1860 and 1890, spread across the ever-increasing labor force, the average annual wage per industrial worker rose from $380 in 1880 to $564 in 1890, a gain of 48%. Railroads were the growth industry, with the factory system, mining. Immigration from Europe and the eastern states led to the growth of the West. Labor unions became important in the rapidly growing industrial cities. Two major nationwide depressions—the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of 1893—interrupted growth, the South after the Civil War remained economically devastated, its economy became increasingly tied to cotton and tobacco production, which suffered from low prices. With the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877, African-American people in the South were stripped of political power, the political landscape was notable in that despite some corruption, turnout was very high and national elections saw two evenly matched parties. The dominant issues were cultural, and economic, with the rapid growth of cities, political machines increasingly took control of urban politics. In business, massive, powerful and wealthy trusts formed, unions crusaded for the 8-hour working day and the abolition of child labor, middle class reformers demanded civil service reform, prohibition, and womens suffrage. Local governments across the North and West built public schools chiefly at the elementary level, the numerous religious denominations were growing in membership and wealth, the Catholics moving to the largest totals. They all expanded their missionary activity to the world arena, Catholics and Lutherans set up parochial schools and the larger denominations set up numerous colleges, hospitals and charities. Many of the problems faced by society, especially the poor, the term Gilded age was applied to the era by historians in the 1920s, who took the term from one of Mark Twains lesser known novels, The Gilded Age, A Tale of Today. The book satirized the promised golden age after the American Civil War, in the 1920s and 30s Gilded Age became a designated period in American history, with the term applied to the post Civil War period up to 1900. For them, Gilded Age was a term used to describe a time of materialistic excesses combined with extreme poverty. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the portion of the Victorian era in Britain
9.
Philadelphia
–
In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
10.
Joseph E. Widener
–
Joseph Early Widener was a wealthy American art collector who was a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C. A major figure in Thoroughbred horse racing, he was head of New Yorks Belmont Park and builder of Miami, Widener was born in Philadelphia, the second son of the extremely wealthy transportation and real estate magnate Peter A. B. Joseph Widener attended Harvard University, and for a time studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Joseph Widener used his wealth to pursue his interest in Thoroughbred horse racing on a large scale. In 1901, thirty-year-old Joseph Widener began purchasing Thoroughbred horses to compete in flat racing and steeplechase events. Racing Hall of Fame horse trainer, J. Howard Lewis, for the next four decades they combined to race fourteen Champions, two in flat racing and twelve Steeplechase Champions. Wideners steeplechase horses won important races including three editions of the American Grand National with Relluf, Arc Light, and Bushranger. His steeplechasers Bushranger and Fairmount were both elected to the U. S, following the death of August Belmont, Jr. Joseph Widener and friends W. Averell Harriman and George Herbert Walker, purchased much of Belmonts Thoroughbred breeding stock. For his Elmendorf Farm breeding operation, Widener acquired Belmonts very important sire Fair Play and the broodmare Mahubah, the parents of Man o War. He also purchased a son of Fair Play named Chance Shot who would go on to win the 1927 Belmont Stakes, Widener had a life-size statue of Fair Play erected by his grave at Elmendorf Farm. As part of the selloff of the August Belmont, Jr, in 1930, he imported the stallion Sickle from Lord Derby in England who came to visit the U. S. that year and was Wideners guest at the 1930 Kentucky Derby. A son of the important sire Phalaris, Sickle would produce 45 Graded stakes race winners. Following Chance Shots win in the 1927 Belmont Stakes, Wideners racing stable won the two more times with Hurryoff in 1933 and with a son of Chance Shot in 1934 named Peace Chance. He also had five horses compete in the Kentucky Derby with his best finishes a second place earned by Osmand in 1927, Joseph Wideners father had had business interests in France and like other wealthy elite Americans of that era, maintained a place in fashionable Paris. In addition to racing horses in the United States, Widener also kept a stable of Thoroughbreds in France. Competing in French grass racing, his horses won the 1923 and 1926 editions of the Prix La Rochette and the 1923,1924, Widener also owned English Hackney horses who competed at various shows. He married Ella Pancoast with whom he had two children, Peter A. B, designed by Horace Trumbauer and Jacques Greber, the mansion, along with its extensive and important art collection, was part of the huge fortune he inherited. In poor health for years, Joseph Early Widener died at his Lynnewood Hall estate in 1943 and was interred in the West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia
11.
George Dunton Widener
–
George Dunton Widener was an American businessman who died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic. Born in Philadelphia, Widener was the eldest son of Hannah Josephine Dunton and he joined his fathers business and eventually took over the running of the Philadelphia Traction Company, overseeing the development of cable and electric streetcar operations. He also served on the board of directors of several important area businesses, a patron of the arts, Widener was a Director of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1883, he married Eleanor Elkins, the daughter of his fathers business partner and they had two sons, Harry Elkins Widener, George Dunton Widener, Jr. and a daughter, Eleanor Widener Dixon. In 1912, Widener, his wife, and their son Harry traveled to Paris, France, with intentions to find a chef for Wideners new Philadelphia hotel. The Wideners booked their passage on RMS Titanic. After the ship struck an iceberg, Widener placed his wife, the women were rescued by the steamship RMS Carpathia, but Widener and his son Harry perished on the Titanic. Their bodies, if recovered, were not identified, a memorial service for them was held at St. Pauls Episcopal Church in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, where stained glass windows were dedicated in their memory. Two weeks after their deaths on the Titanic, Wideners daughter Eleanor married Fitz Eugene Dixon at the family estate in Elkins Park. Intended as a home, it was still in the design stage at the time of his death. Widener was played by Guy Standing, Jr. in the film Titanic, mr George Dunton Widener, Encyclopedia Titanica Titanic, Triumph and Tragedy, by John P. Eaton and Charles A. Haas, W. W. Newton & Company, 2nd edition 1995 ISBN 0-393-03697-9 A Night to Remember, by Walter Lord, ed. Nathaniel Hilbreck, Owl Books, rep
12.
Harry Elkins Widener
–
Harry Elkins Widener was an American businessman and bibliophile, and a member of the Widener family. His mother built Harvard Universitys Widener Memorial Library in his memory, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Widener was the son of George Dunton Widener and Eleanor Elkins Widener, and the grandson of entrepreneur Peter A. B. He attended The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania and graduated from Harvard College in 1907, where he was a member of Hasty Pudding Theatricals, Wideners godfather was the British banking magnate, Charles Mills, the 2nd Baron Hillingdon. Along with his parents, in April 1912 Widener boarded the Titanic at Cherbourg, as the ship sank Wideners mother and her maid were rescued, but Widener, his father, and his fathers valet perished. In 1915, Wideners mother donated the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library to Harvard in his memory, two buildings at Hill School are also dedicated to Widener, and stained glass windows at St. Pauls Episcopal Church, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania are dedicated to Widener and his father. A Harvard legend holds that in order to spare others her sons fate, however, while Harvard indeed implemented a swimming test in the 1920s, this had nothing to do with Widener. Widener was a member of the Grolier Club, book collector and dealer George Sidney Hellman, writing soon after Wideners death, commented on the excellence of his technical knowledge. His enthusiasm as a collector and his winning personality, afforded many opportunities of obtaining treasures whose acquisition cannot be explained alone on the basis of the wealth which he commanded. Had he not perished in the Titanic catastrophe, beyond question and his library would surely have eventually become one of the greatest collections of books in modern times. Was not satisfied alone in having a book or a rare book inscribed by the author. Eaton, John P. Eaton, Haas, Charles A. Titanic, Triumph, media related to Harry Elkins Widener at Wikimedia Commons
13.
RMS Titanic
–
Of the 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster, the first class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. A high-power radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger marconigrams and for the operational use. Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people—slightly more than half of the number on board, after leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown in Ireland before heading west to New York. On 14 April, four days into the crossing and about 375 miles south of Newfoundland, the collision caused the ships hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea, she could only survive four flooding. Meanwhile, passengers and some members were evacuated in lifeboats. A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a women and children first protocol for loading lifeboats, at 2,20 a. m. she broke apart and foundered—with well over one thousand people still aboard. Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived at the scene, where she brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors. The disaster was greeted with shock and outrage at the huge loss of life. Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to improvements in maritime safety. One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, which still governs maritime safety today. Additionally, several new regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications—which could have saved many more passengers. The wreck of Titanic, first discovered over 70 years after the sinking, remains on the seabed, since her discovery in 1985, thousands of artifacts have been recovered and put on display at museums around the world. Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history, her memory is kept alive by numerous works of culture, including books, folk songs, films, exhibits. Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world, only beaten by her sister HMHS Britannic, the name Titanic was derived from Greek mythology and meant gigantic. They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Lines fleet, Teutonic was replaced by Olympic while Majestic was replaced by Titanic. Majestic would be back into her old spot on White Stars New York service after Titanics loss. The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff, cost considerations were relatively low on the agenda and Harland and Wolff was authorised to spend what it needed on the ships, plus a five percent profit margin
14.
Indiana Limestone
–
Bedford, Indiana, has been noted to have the highest quality quarried limestone in the United States. Salem limestone, like all limestone, is a rock formed of calcium carbonate. Native Americans were the first people to discover limestone in Indiana, not long after they arrived, American settlers used this rock around their windows and doors and for memorials around the towns. The first quarry was started in 1827, and by 1929 Hoosier quarries yielded 12,000,000 ft3 of usable stone, the expansion of the railroads brought great need for limestone to build bridges and tunnels and Indiana was the place to get it. American architecture of the late 19th and early 20th century included a lot of detail work on buildings. Salem limestone was officially designated as the stone of Indiana by the Indiana General Assembly in 1971. With the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973, the price of building materials skyrocketed so Indiana limestone reemerged as an energy-efficient building material. Indiana limestone is part of a high-end market and it is mostly used on the exterior of homes and commercial buildings. With the impact of rain it is not used in monuments as it was in the 19th century. Indiana limestone has also used in many other famous structures in the United States, such as the Empire State Building, the Pentagon, Yankee Stadium. In addition,35 of the 50 state capitol buildings are made of Indiana limestone, Indiana limestone was used extensively in rebuilding Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire. Built from 1890-1893, Indianas Wayne County Courthouse is also made of Salem limestone, 1959s architecturally significant St. Augustines Episcopal Church uses Indiana limestone in the interior. The Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church in Merrillville, Indiana, consecrated in 1991 and awarded a Gold Medal Award for Excellence in Masonry Design, the new Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, which opened in 2009, extensively uses Indiana limestone paneling on its exterior facade. The original 1930s buildings of Rockefeller Center use limestone from Bedford, in 1955 the Tennessee State Capitol exterior was renovated using Indiana limestone to replace the poorer quality Tennessee limestone that had started to deteriorate. Indiana limestone was used in the rebuilding of the Pentagon after the terrorist attack of Sept.11,2001, the project took around 15,000 cubic feet of stone and was rededicated exactly one year after the attack. Indiana limestone has been popular for the construction of university buildings. The Neo-Gothic campus of the University of Chicago is almost entirely constructed out of Bedford limestone, the campus of Washington University in St. Louis – both for new construction and original buildings – makes use of Indiana limestone in its collegiate gothic architecture. The majority of Indiana University, Bloomington, was constructed out of limestone, in addition, many buildings on the north side of Michigan State University use Indiana limestone
15.
Palace of Versailles
–
The Palace of Versailles, Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France. Versailles is therefore not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. First built by Louis XIII in 1623, as a lodge of brick and stone. The first phase of the expansion was designed and supervised by the architect Louis Le Vau and it culminated in the addition of three new wings of stone, which surrounded Louis XIIIs original building on the north, south, and west. After Le Vaus death in 1670, the work was taken over and completed by his assistant, charles Le Brun designed and supervised the elaborate interior decoration, and André Le Nôtre landscaped the extensive Gardens of Versailles. Le Brun and Le Nôtre collaborated on the fountains, and Le Brun supervised the design. During the second phase of expansion, two enormous wings north and south of the wings flanking the Cour Royale were added by the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart. He also replaced Le Vaus large terrace, facing the garden on the west, with became the most famous room of the palace. The Royal Chapel of Versailles, located at the end of the north wing, was begun by Mansart in 1688. One of the most baffling aspects to the study of Versailles is the cost – how much Louis XIV, owing to the nature of the construction of Versailles and the evolution of the role of the palace, construction costs were essentially a private matter. Initially, Versailles was planned to be a residence for Louis XIV and was referred to as the kings house. Once Louis XIV embarked on his campaigns, expenses for Versailles became more of a matter for public record. To counter the costs of Versailles during the years of Louis XIVs personal reign. Accordingly, all materials that went into the construction and decoration of Versailles were manufactured in France, even the mirrors used in the decoration of the Hall of Mirrors were made in France. While Venice in the 17th century had the monopoly on the manufacture of mirrors, to meet the demands for decorating and furnishing Versailles, Colbert nationalised the tapestry factory owned by the Gobelin family, to become the Manufacture royale des Gobelins. In 1667, the name of the enterprise was changed to the Manufacture royale des Meubles de la Couronne, the Comptes meticulously list the expenditures on the silver furniture – disbursements to artists, final payments, delivery – as well as descriptions and weight of items purchased. Entries for 1681 and 1682 concerning the silver used in the salon de Mercure serve as an example. 5 In anticipation, For the silver balustrade for the bedroom,90,000 livres II
16.
Time (magazine)
–
Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
17.
William Bruce Ellis Ranken
–
William Bruce Ellis Ranken was an Edwardian aesthete, born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1881 to Robert Burk Ranken, a wealthy and successful lawyer, and his wife Mary. He attended Eton College and then proceeded to the Slade School of Art under the tutelage of Henry Tonks, a fellow student was the actor Ernest Thesiger, who became a lifelong friend, was painted by Ranken in 1918, and married Rankens sister Janette in 1917. Rankens first exhibition in 1904 at the Carfax Gallery in London was well-received by artists and he befriended Wilfrid Gabriel de Glehn and John Singer Sargent. At the outbreak of World War One, William was living in his studio in Chelsea, while in America, Sargent introduced him to Isabella Stewart Gardner and he received commissions to paint portraits of the wealthy, including the Whitneys, Vanderbilts and Havermeyers. His output became prodigious as he worked in watercolors, oils and pastels, returning to Great Britain in the 1920s he painted many portraits of the Royal family and the Aristocracy, as well as the interiors of their homes. Ranken purchased Warbrook House, Eversley, Hampshire, in 1918 after the success of his first visit to America, the maintenance and costs associated with the property proved to be too much in the depression of the early 1930’s and he was forced to give up his beloved house. Website dedicated to the life and work of William Bruce Ellis Ranken
18.
National Gallery of Art
–
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D. C. located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was established in 1937 for the American people by a joint resolution of the United States Congress. Andrew W. Mellon donated an art collection and funds for construction. The Gallery often presents temporary special exhibitions spanning the world and the history of art and it is one of the largest museums in North America. In 1930 Mellon formed the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, when quizzed by Abbot, he explained that the project was in the hands of the Trust and that its decisions were partly dependent on the attitude of the Government towards the gift. Designed by architect John Russell Pope, the new structure was completed and accepted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on behalf of the American people on March 17,1941. Neither Mellon nor Pope lived to see the completed, both died in late August 1937, only two months after excavation had begun. At the time of its inception it was the largest marble structure in the world, as anticipated by Mellon, the creation of the National Gallery encouraged the donation of other substantial art collections by a number of private donors. The Gallerys East Building was constructed in the 1970s on much of the land left over from the original congressional joint resolution. It was funded by Mellons children Paul Mellon and Ailsa Mellon Bruce, designed by famed architect I. M. Pei, the contemporary structure was completed in 1978 and was opened on June 1 of that year by President Jimmy Carter. The new building was built to house the Museums collection of paintings, drawings, sculptures. The design received a National Honor Award from the American Institute of Architects in 1981, the final addition to the complex is the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden. Completed and opened to the public on May 23,1999, the National Gallery of Art is supported through a private-public partnership. The United States federal government provides funds, through annual appropriations, to support the museums operations, all artwork, as well as special programs, are provided through private donations and funds. The museum is not part of the Smithsonian Institution, noted directors of the National Gallery have included David E. Finley, Jr. John Walker, and J. Carter Brown. Rusty Powell III is the current director, entry to both buildings of the National Gallery of Art is free of charge. From Monday through Saturday, the museum is open from 10 a. m. –5 p. m. it is open from 11 –6 p. m. on Sundays and it is closed on December 25 and January 1. The museum comprises two buildings, the West Building and the East Building linked by an underground passage
19.
Dogs in warfare
–
Dogs in warfare have a long history starting in ancient times. From war dogs trained in combat to their use as scouts, sentries and trackers, their uses have been varied, War dogs were used by the Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Sarmatians, Baganda, Alans, Slavs, Britons, and the Romans. The Molossus dog of the Molossia region of Epirus was the strongest known to the Romans, among the Greeks and Romans, dogs served most often as sentries or patrols, though they were sometimes taken into battle. The earliest use of war dogs in a battle recorded in classical sources was by Alyattes of Lydia against the Cimmerians around 600 BC, the Lydian dogs killed some invaders and routed others. During the Late Antiquity, Attila the Hun used molosser dogs in his campaigns, gifts of war dog breeding stock between European royalty were seen as suitable tokens for exchange throughout the Middle Ages. Other civilizations used armored dogs to defend caravans or attack enemies, the Spanish conquistadors used armored dogs that had been trained to kill natives. Later on, Frederick the Great used dogs as messengers during the Seven Years War with Russia, napoleon also used dogs during his campaigns. Dogs were used up until 1770 to guard installations in France. The first official use of dogs for military purposes in the United States was during the Seminole Wars, hounds were used in the American Civil War to protect, send messages, and guard prisoners Dogs were also used as mascots in American World War I propaganda and recruiting posters. Dogs have been used in warfare by many civilizations, as warfare has progressed, their purposes have changed greatly. Mid-7th century BC, In the war waged by the Ephesians against Magnesia on the Maeander, the Magnesian horsemen were each accompanied by a war dog, the dogs were released first and broke the enemy ranks, followed by an assault of spears, then a cavalry charge. An epitaph records the burial of a Magnesian horseman named Hippaemon with his dog Lethargos, his horse,490 BC, At the Battle of Marathon, a dog follows his hoplite master into battle against the Persians and is memorialized in a mural. 480 BC, Xerxes I of Persia is accompanied by vast packs of Indian hounds when he invades Greece and they may have served in the military as well as being used for sport or hunting, but their purpose is unrecorded. 281 BC, Lysimachus is slain during the Battle of Corupedium and his body was discovered preserved on the battlefield and guarded vigilantly by his faithful dog. 120 BC, Bituito, king of the Arvernii, attacked a force of Romans led by the consul Fabius. 1500s, Mastiffs and other breeds were used extensively by Spanish conquistadors against Native Americans. 1914–1918, Dogs were used by forces to deliver vital messages. About a million dogs were killed in action, sergeant Stubby, a Boston Terrier, was the most decorated war dog of World War I and the only dog to be nominated for rank and then promoted to sergeant through combat
20.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
21.
Carl McIntire
–
McIntires father pastored in Salt Lake City, but by 1912 he had suffered a mental breakdown and was hospitalized. He and his wife were divorced, and she raised the children alone in Durant, Oklahoma, Carl McIntire completed high school in Durant and attended Southeastern State, where he became an award-winning intercollegiate debater and president of the student body during his final year. Meanwhile, he worked as a janitor and sold maps to farmers door-to-door in Caddo County, McIntire became a strong supporter of J. Gresham Machen, a conservative professor of New Testament. With Machen, McIntire opposed a reorganization of the seminary in 1929 that appeared to strengthen liberal elements in the church and he followed his mentor and three other professors from Princeton to the newly founded Westminster Theological Seminary, where he completed his Th. B. degree in 1931. In May 1931, he married Fairy Eunice Davis of Paris, Texas, after the death of Fairy Davis McIntire in 1992, McIntire married Alice Goff, a church office administrator with whom he had worked for many years. In 1931, McIntire was ordained into the ministry of the Presbyterian Church USA, in 1933, he was called to the Presbyterian Church of Collingswood, New Jersey, near Philadelphia, the largest church in the West Jersey Presbytery. McIntire remained a resident of Collingswood for the rest of his life, the Presbyterian Church treated the new board as a challenge to its authority and demanded that the clergymen resign. After they refused, Machen, McIntire, and seven other clergymen were tried by a court in 1935-36. In 1936 McIntire joined Machen and others to found the Presbyterian Church of America, the new church attracted supporters from other Reformed traditions, complicating the churchs effort to define itself. A debate soon emerged in the denomination over eschatology, Presbyterian traditions, the use of alcohol and tobacco. In May 1938, the moved into a wooden Tabernacle. The church seated more than a thousand, a Sunday School was constructed on the location of the previous tent, and the revamped Tabernacle became an activity center. In February 1936, during the series of trials, McIntire launched a weekly newspaper. The Collingswood church had already printed many of his sermons, over the next four decades, McIntire published twelve books, and hundreds of pamphlets, booklets, sermons, speeches, and documentary portfolios. In March 1955, McIntire initiated a daily radio program, The Twentieth Century Reformation Hour. An associate pastor of the Collingswood church, Charles Richter, known to listeners as Amen Charlie, during the 1960s, the program may have been heard on as many as 600 radio stations—although McIntires inaccuracy with numbers became legendary. In 1965, McIntire effectively purchased radio station, WXUR, Media, Pennsylvania, McIntires outreach included an interest in promoting summer Bible conferences, a common method of evangelization and Bible teaching among American Protestants during the early twentieth century. In 1941, McIntire took a role in acquiring and operating Harvey Cedars Bible Conference on the Jersey shore at Harvey Cedars
22.
Mantel
–
Mantel is a municipality in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany. Mantel offers several different activities especially during summer months, Mantel is surrounded by several lakes, swimming and fishing are the most common outdoor activities here but hiking and camping are not uncommon. There are several trail to walk or ride bicycles on around, there is a mini golf course on the eastern side of the city toward Weiden. There are several bars and places to sit down and enjoy a drink and food
23.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
24.
Whitemarsh Hall
–
Whitemarsh Hall was a large estate located on 300 acres of land in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, US, and owned by banking executive Edward T. Stotesbury and his wife, Eva. Designed by the Gilded Age architect Horace Trumbauer, it was built in 1921, before its destruction, the mansion was the third largest private residence in the United States. Today, it is regarded as one of the losses in American architectural history. Despite the name, Whitemarsh Hall was located in Springfield Township, the mansion was lavishly decorated with statues, paintings, and tapestry that Stotesbury had collected over the years, a collection later bequeathed to the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Duveen also advised Stotesbury in purchases of French sculpture to decorate the huge mansion, the gardens and landscaping were designed by the great urbanist and architect Jacques Gréber, whose designs in the grand manner of André Le Nôtre for the Philadelphian P. A. B. Widener at Lynnewood Hall had recommended him to Trumbauer and to Eva Stotesbury, the estate also included several lesser houses and utility buildings spread over the 300 acres, as well as four large greenhouses for growing trees and ferns. Smaller greenhouses were used for growing the many flowers needed to decorate the house for the parties the Stotesburys liked to host. More than 70 gardeners worked at maintaining the grounds, in addition to E. T. Eva and their servants, Whitemarsh Hall was also designed with Evas two children in mind, who were given their own rooms in the house. Her son Jimmy frequently resided within, as did her daughter Louise, for about nine years the mansion was the site of lavish balls and receptions. The death of one of E. T. Stotesburys own daughters in 1935 continued to dampen the Stotesburys enthusiasm for festivities, Whitemarsh Hall had often been called the American Versailles, because of the level of attention to detail in the gardens and in the main building. Eva Stotesbury discovered, after the death of her husband in 1938, Stotesbury had once declared that it cost him over a million dollars a year to maintain the house and the extensive property surrounding it. As a result of the Great Depression, the value of Whitemarsh Hall, Eva closed the mansion and moved to one of her other mansions, El Mirasol in Palm Beach, Florida. She donated the 2-mile-long, 8-foot-tall steel fence to the War Department to be turned into metal for 18,000 guns, Eva Stotesbury had already put the property on the market after her husbands death, but there were no buyers. The property did not sell until 1943, Whitemarsh Hall was finally sold for $167,000 to the Pennsalt Chemical Corporation, which transformed the building into a research laboratory. Much of the surrounding the mansion were sold for real estate development. Pennsalt kept the mansion and its remaining grounds maintained and modernized, in 1963, the company, by then known as Pennwalt, built a new research center in the King of Prussia area, and moved out of Whitemarsh Hall, which was sold to a property investment group. Disputes over the form of redevelopment to be undertaken delayed demolition for a number of years. The mansion, which was larger than the White House in Washington, D. C. was demolished in 1980, and a development of modern townhouses called Stotesbury Estates was built on the property
25.
Gatehouse
–
A gatehouse, in architectural terminology, is a building enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a castle, manor house, fort, town or similar buildings of importance. Gatehouses made their first appearance in the early antiquity when it became necessary to protect the entrance to a castle or town. Over time, they evolved into very complicated structures with many lines of defence, strongly fortified gatehouses would normally include a drawbridge, one or more portcullises, machicolations, arrow loops and possibly even murder-holes where stones would be dropped on attackers. In some castles, the gatehouse was so strongly fortified it took on the function of a keep, examples of such gate keeps can be found at Bodiam Castle and Beaumaris Castle. In the late Middle Ages, some of these arrow loops might have converted into gun loops. Sometimes gatehouses formed part of fortifications, perhaps defending the passage of a bridge across a river or a moat. York has four important gatehouses, known as Bars, in its city walls, the French term for gatehouse is logis-porche. This could be a large, complex structure that served both as a gateway and lodging or it could have composed of a gateway through an enclosing wall. A very large gatehouse might be called a châtelet, at the end of the Middle Ages, many gatehouses in England and France were converted into beautiful, grand entrance structures to manor houses or estates. Many of them became a separate feature free-standing or attached to the manor or mansion only by an enclosing wall, by this time the gatehouse had lost its defensive purpose and had become more of a monumental structure designed to harmonise with the manor or mansion. On the continent of Europe, there are examples of surviving gatehouses in France, Austria. Bargate, in Hampshire is a gatehouse in the city centre of Southampton. Constructed in 1180 as part of the Southampton town walls Ightham Mote, Durham Castle, in Durham has an 11th-century gatehouse that is now used as accommodation for students attending University College, Durham. Layer Marney Tower, the apotheosis of the Tudor gatehouse, stokesay Castle, a 13th-century fortified manor house in Shropshire has a Jacobean half-timbered gatehouse. Stanway House, Stanway, Gloucestershire, where the gatehouse measures 44 ft. by 22 ft. and has three storeys, westwood House, Worcestershire, which has a frontage of 54 ft. with two storeys. Burton Agnes Hall, East Riding of Yorkshire, which has three storeys and is flanked by octagonal towers at the angles. Hylton Castle, Hylton, Sunderland, although it is an actual castle, château de Châteaubriant, two gatehouses, one for the lower bailey, one for the upper ward. Château de Suscinio, a large 15th-century gatehouse in the style, Morbihan
26.
Subdivision (land)
–
Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop, usually via a plat. The former single piece as a whole is known in the United States as a subdivision. If it is used for housing it is known as a housing subdivision or housing development. Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, in the United States, the creation of a subdivision was often the first step toward the creation of a new incorporated township or city. Contemporary notions of subdivisions rely on the Lot and Block survey system and this was followed by publication of the Standard City Planning Enabling Act in 1928. It includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, relates to the process of subdividing or to the land or territory subdivided, the intention is to cover all subdivision of land where the immediate or ultimate purpose is that of selling the lots or building on them. A subdivision does not need to be sold, in whole or in part, a subdivision plat approved by a local planning commission, once recorded in a registry of deeds, is generally deemed to have created the parcels of land identified on the plat itself. The problem of division of property was identified by the SCPEA in the footnote to the definition of subdivision. In some jurisdictions, a division of property does not constitute a legal subdivision for purposes of separate conveyancing of the subdivided parcels. Interpretations of this vary among American jurisdictions, in the Philippines, subdivisions are areas of land that have been subdivided into individual residential plots. Whereas some subdivisions comprise exclusive gated communities, others are merely demarcations denoting a specific neighborhood, some subdivisions may conduct autonomous security, or provide basic services such as water and refuse management. Most subdivisions are governed by associations made up of members who are residents of the subdivision, in the Philippines, subdivisions are also known as villages. In Alberta, subdivision is the dividing of a parcel of land into two or more parcels, each to be given a separate title. Subdivision is also used for existing lot line adjustments, exceptions may occur with parcels of land that contain more than one quarter section, a river lot, a lake lot, or some settlement lots created prior to July 1,1950
27.
International Mercantile Marine
–
The result was heavy losses for Morgan. The Dominion Line was also amalgamated, the project was bankrolled by J. P. Morgan & Co. led by financier J. P. Morgan. The company also had working profit-sharing relationships with the German Hamburg-Amerika, however, IMM dramatically overpaid to acquire some of the amalgamated companies, due to overestimation of potential profits. IMM was a company that controlled subsidiary corporations that had their own subsidiaries. One of IMMs subsidiaries was the White Star Line, which owned the RMS Titanic, analysis of financial records shows that IMM was overleveraged and suffered from inadequate cash flow that caused it to default on bond interest payments in late 1914. As a result, a friendly receivership was put in effect in 1915, saved by World War I, IMM eventually reemerged as the United States Lines, which itself went bankrupt in 1986. A proposed subsidy bill in the United States Congress failed, as had become apparent by April 1902. Beginning in the 1920s, the company underwent a series of acquisitions and mergers. As the shipping industry prospered in the late 19th century, some sought to create a trust that would monopolize U. S. shipping companies, however, all negotiations in this regard in the 1890s fell short. The intervention of John Pierpont Morgan, one of the richest men in the world, would change that, the Atlantic Transport Line, owned by Bernard N. Baker and having both passenger and cargo ships, competed intensely with British and other shipping companies. Negotiations between Baker and Ellerman, advanced but ultimately fell through, meanwhile, J. P. Morgan had already concluded agreements with Clement Griscom, president of the International Navigation Company, which operated the Red Star Line and the American Line. There would be two companies that would join the trust, the name of one of them was revealed in April,1901, the Leyland Line. The second turned out to be the prestigious White Star Line, bought by Morgans team, after long negotiations, on 1 October 1902, JP Morgan & Co. announced the founding of the International Mercantile Marine Company, more commonly called IMM. Morgans role evolved over the years, being American, he could not directly own British ships, but he could own the company that owned the ships. In 1902, the IMM carried 64,738 passengers, a total buoyed by high immigration to the United States, the IMM had signed a partnership with the two most important German shipping companies, Norddeutscher Lloyd and HAPAG, which carried a total of 66,838 passengers. Responses in the United Kingdom helped intensify these rivalries and this allowed the IMM to schedule a ship each day from the United Kingdom, and passengers to change their tickets to a position equivalent to another vessel of the company. Baker retired from the direction of the Atlantic Transport Line shortly after its integration with the IMM and he later became vice president of IMM, while Griscom was replaced as president by Joseph Bruce Ismay in 1904. The early 1910s marked a point for the IMM
28.
White Star Line
–
The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packers, more commonly known as just White Star Line, was a prominent British shipping company. Founded in 1845, the line operated a fleet of ships that sailed between Britain and Australia. Today it is most famous for their innovative vessel Oceanic of 1870, in 1934, White Star merged with its chief rival, Cunard Line, which operated as Cunard-White Star Line until 1950. Cunard Line then operated as an entity until 2005 and is now part of Carnival Corporation & plc. As a lasting reminder of the White Star Line, modern Cunard ships use the term White Star Service to describe the level of customer care expected of the company. The first company bearing the name White Star Line was founded in Liverpool, England, by John Pilkington and it focused on the UK–Australia trade, which increased following the discovery of gold in Australia. The fleet initially consisted of the sailing ships RMS Tayleur, Blue Jacket, White Star, Red Jacket, Ellen, Ben Nevis, Emma, Mermaid. Tayleur, the largest ship of its day, wrecked on its voyage to Australia at Lambay Island, near Ireland. In 1863, the company acquired its first steamship, Royal Standard, the original White Star Line merged with two other small lines, The Black Ball Line and The Eagle Line, to form a conglomerate, the Liverpool, Melbourne and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Limited. This did not prosper and White Star broke away, White Star concentrated on Liverpool to New York City services. Heavy investment in new ships was financed by borrowing, but the companys bank, White Star was left with an incredible debt of £527,000, and was forced into bankruptcy. Ismay established the headquarters at Albion House, Liverpool. Ismay was approached by Gustav Christian Schwabe, a prominent Liverpool merchant, and his nephew, Schwabe offered to finance the new line if Ismay had his ships built by Wolffs company, Harland and Wolff. Ismay agreed, and a partnership with Harland and Wolff was established, the shipbuilders received their first orders on 30 July 1869. The agreement was that Harland and Wolff would build the ships at cost plus a fixed percentage, in 1870, William Imrie joined the managing company. As the first ship was being commissioned, Ismay formed the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company to operate the steamers under construction, White Star began with six ships of the Oceanic class, Oceanic, Atlantic, Baltic, and Republic, followed by the slightly larger Celtic and Adriatic. White Star began operating again in 1871 between New York and Liverpool and it has long been customary for many shipping lines to have a common theme for the names of their ships. White Star gave their ships names ending in -ic, such as Titanic, the first substantial loss for the company came only four years after its founding, occurring in 1873 with the sinking of the SS Atlantic and the loss of 535 lives near Halifax, Nova Scotia
29.
J. P. Morgan
–
John Pierpont J. P. Morgan was an American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation in late 19th and early 20th Century United States. In 1892, Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and he was instrumental in the creation of the United States Steel Corporation, International Harvester and AT&T. He directed the banking coalition that stopped the Panic of 1907 and he was the leading financier of the Progressive Era, and his dedication to efficiency and modernization helped transform American business. Morgan has been described as America’s greatest banker, Morgan died in Rome, Italy, in his sleep in 1913 at the age of 75, leaving his fortune and business to his son, John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. His fortune was estimated at only US$80 million, prompting John D. Rockefeller to say, Morgan was born into the influential Morgan family in Hartford, Connecticut, and was raised there. He was the son of Junius Spencer Morgan and Juliet Pierpont, Pierpont, as he preferred to be known, had a varied education due in part to the plans of his father. In the fall of 1848, Pierpont transferred to the Hartford Public School and then to the Episcopal Academy in Cheshire, Connecticut, boarding with the principal. In September 1851, Morgan passed the exam for The English High School of Boston. In the spring of 1852, an illness struck which was to more common as his life progressed. Rheumatic fever left him in so much pain that he could not walk and he convalesced there for almost a year, then returned to the English High School in Boston to resume his studies. After he graduated, his father sent him to Bellerive, a school near the Swiss village of Vevey and his father then sent him to the University of Göttingen in order to improve his German. He attained a level of German within six months and also a degree in art history, then traveled back to London via Wiesbaden. Morgan went into banking in 1857 at the London branch of merchant banking firm Peabody, in 1858, he moved to New York City to join the banking house of Duncan, Sherman & Company, the American representatives of George Peabody and Company. Morgan had avoided serving during the war by paying a substitute $300 to take his place, from 1860 to 1864, as J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, he acted as agent in New York for his fathers firm, renamed J. S. Morgan & Co. upon Peabodys retirement in 1864, from 1864–72, he was a member of the firm of Dabney, Morgan, and Company. In 1871, he partnered with the Drexels of Philadelphia to form the New York firm of Drexel, at that time, Anthony J. Drexel became Pierponts mentor at the request of Junius Morgan. After the death of Anthony Drexel, the firm was rechristened J. P. Morgan & Company in 1895, retaining close ties with Drexel & Company of Philadelphia, Morgan, Harjes & Company of Paris, and J. S. By 1900, it was one of the most powerful banking houses of the world, Morgan had many partners over the years, such as George W. Perkins, but always remained firmly in charge
30.
Edward Smith (sea captain)
–
Edward John Smith, RD was a British Merchant Navy officer. He served as master of numerous White Star Line vessels and he is best known as the captain of the RMS Titanic, perishing when the ship sank on its maiden voyage. Raised in an environment, he left school early to join the Merchant Navy. After earning his masters ticket, he entered the service of the White Star Line and he quickly rose through the ranks and graduated in 1887. His first command was the SS Celtic and he served as commanding officer of numerous White Star Line vessels, including the Majestic and attracted a strong and loyal following amongst passengers. In 1904, Smith became the commodore of the White Star Line and he successfully commanded the Baltic, Adriatic and the Olympic. In 1912, he was the captain of the voyage of the RMS Titanic. For his stoicism and fortitude in the face of adversity, Smith became an icon of British stiff upper lip spirit and his parents later owned a shop. Smith attended the Etruria British School until the age of 13, in 1867, aged 17 he went to Liverpool in the footsteps of his half-brother Joseph Hancock, a captain on a sailing ship. He began his apprenticeship on Senator Weber, owned by A Gibson & Co. of Liverpool, on 13 January 1887, Smith married Sarah Eleanor Pennington at St Oswalds Church, Winwick, Cheshire. Their daughter, Helen Melville Smith, was born in Waterloo, the family lived in an imposing red brick, twin-gabled house, named Woodhead, on Winn Road, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire. Edward Smith joined the White Star Line in March 1880 as the Fourth Officer of SS Celtic and he served aboard the companys liners to Australia and to New York City, where he quickly rose in status. In 1887, he received his first White Star command, the Republic, in 1888, Smith earned his Extra Masters Certificate and joined the Royal Naval Reserve, receiving a commission as a Lieutenant, which entitled him to add the letters RNR after his name. This meant that in a time of war he could be called upon to serve in the Royal Navy, Smith was Majestics captain for nine years commencing in 1895. When the Boer War started in 1899, Majestic was called upon to transport troops to Cape Colony. Smith made two trips to South Africa, both without incident, and in 1903, for his service, King Edward VII awarded him the Transport Medal, Smith was regarded as a safe captain. As he rose in seniority, he gained a following amongst passengers with only sailing the Atlantic on a ship he captained. Smith even became known as the Millionaires Captain, from 1904 on, Smith commanded the White Star Lines newest ships on their maiden voyages
31.
JSTOR
–
JSTOR is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of journals, it now also includes books and primary sources. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries have access to JSTOR, most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone. William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term, online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution, JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its sites. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear, with the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society dating from its beginning in 1665, the work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially, until January 2009 JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers, the database contains more than 1,900 journal titles, in more than 50 disciplines. Each object is identified by an integer value, starting at 1. In addition to the site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service. This site offers a facility with graphical indication of the article coverage. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and they are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, JSTOR Plant Science is available in addition to the main site. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative and are only to JSTOR
32.
Wayback Machine
–
The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
33.
Pennsylvania
–
Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
34.
Arcadia University, Pennsylvania
–
Arcadia University is a census-designated place located in Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County in the state of Pennsylvania. Its location is just off campus at Arcadia University off Pennsylvania Route 309, as of the 2010 census the population was 595 residents. At 10,438 people per mile, Arcadia University is the most densely populated census-designated place in Montgomery County. It is one of two places in Montgomery County that has over 10,000 people per square mile. This is attributed to the area consisting mostly of college dormitories. Arcadia University is home to National Historic Landmark Grey Towers Castle which serves as the administration building for Arcadia University
35.
Cheltenham, Pennsylvania
–
Cheltenham is an unincorporated community in Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, with a ZIP code of 19012. It located directly over the city line of Philadelphia and it also borders Northeast Philadelphia over the Fox Chase Line on the East and over Cottman Avenue on the North side. By the mid-1980s many Korean-Americans moved out of Logan and moved into Cheltenham, Cheltenham is represented by Brendan Boyle in the 13th Congressional District. As of 2016 Taiwanese airline EVA Air provides a bus service to
36.
Glenside, Pennsylvania
–
Glenside is a census-designated place bordering North Philadelphia in Abington and Cheltenham townships, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,384 at the 2010 census on an area of only 1.3 square miles. The Glenside station is one of the busiest in the SEPTA system, Glenside is located about 6 miles from Center City Philadelphia. Glenside is located at 40°6′11″N 75°9′8″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 square miles, all of it land. The altitude ranges from 232 feet near Glenside Memorial Hall to 405 feet on Sunset, the majority of Glenside is around 300 feet in elevation, it is 238 feet at the intersection of Waverly and Easton roads, the center of Glenside. As of the 2010 census, the CDP was 85. 4% White,7. 2% Black or African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 8% Asian,1. 0% were Some Other Race, and 1. 7% were two or more races. 2. 9% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, as of the census of 2000, there were 7,914 people,3,103 households, and 2,013 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,217.4 people per square mile, there were 3,181 housing units at an average density of 2,499. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88. 97% White,6. 66% African American,0. 10% Native American,3. 02% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 27% from other races, and 0. 96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 44% of the population,28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the family size was 3.21. In the CDP, the population was out, with 25. 0% under the age of 18,8. 0% from 18 to 24,30. 8% from 25 to 44,22. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $58,868, and the median income for a family was $74,025. Males had an income of $48,378 versus $35,629 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,393, about 1. 6% of families and 3. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2. 4% of those under age 18 and 3. 6% of those age 65 or over. Glenside is located at about a 30-minute drive to downtown Philadelphia,2 hours to New York City,2 hours to the Pocono Mountains, and 1.5 hours to the Jersey shore. Glenside has easy access to many major US highways, such as US Route 1, Interstate 95, Interstate 76, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, Glenside is served by SEPTA regional rail at the Glenside Train Station
37.
La Mott, Pennsylvania
–
La Mott is an unincorporated residential community in Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It borders the City of Philadelphia along Cheltenham Avenue, there are 65 locations in the continental United States named Mott, but this is the only one named La Mott. La Mott has the ZIP code of 19027, formerly known as Camp Town, it is home to Camp William Penn, the first federal training site for black soldiers during the American Civil War. Lucretia Mott lived here from the 1850s to her death in 1880 and her house, Roadside, was a major stop on the Underground Railroad. La Mott is a suburb of Philadelphia. Camptown Historic District Historic La Mott Camptown Historic Site Profile
38.
Laverock, Pennsylvania
–
Laverock is a small unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Part of it is in Cheltenham Township and part is in Springfield Township, mansions on large pieces of ground were built in the area in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Few were built after the 1929 onset of the Great Depression, today, the area is a residential-only neighborhood known for the abundance of large black oak trees throughout. Laverock shares its zipcode with Glenside, Pennsylvania and is a suburb of Philadelphia. Arthur E. Newbold built a Colonial-Revival mansion and estate, Farleigh and his son, Arthur Jr. hired architect Arthur Ingersoll Meigs of Mellor, Meigs & Howe to transform the mansion into a Norman-Revival manor house. Between 1919 and 1925, Meigs created Laverock Farm – a working farm housed in a group of exquisitely-crafted buildings that deftly mixed the antique and it was awarded the 1925 Gold Medal for Excellence in Design by the Architectural League of New York. Laverock Farm lasted barely 30 years, it was demolished in 1956, a development of split-level houses was built on the former estate and as infill around other existing houses
39.
Melrose Park, Pennsylvania
–
Melrose Park is an unincorporated section of Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania on the Philadelphia city line. It is bordered to the south by Cheltenham Avenue, to the west by Old York Road, to the east by New Second Street and to the north by Ashbourne Road. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority provides public transportation is to Melrose Park via the Melrose Park railroad station and SEPTA bus routes 28,55, Melrose Park is represented by Brendan Boyle in the 13th Congressional District. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. Melrose Park is home to Gratz College, the oldest independent institution of Jewish learning in the United States, chad Levitt, American NFL football player
40.
Wyncote, Pennsylvania
–
Wyncote is a census-designated place bordering North Philadelphia in Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Wyncote is located 5 miles from Center City Philadelphia at the southeasternmost tip of Montgomery County, the Jenkintown-Wyncote SEPTA station is the fifth busiest regional rail station in the SEPTA system, and by far the busiest in Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, and Bucks Counties. Wyncote is located at 40°5′34″N 75°8′33″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.8 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,044 people,1,057 households, the population density was 3,732.5 people per square mile. There were 1,069 housing units at a density of 1,309. 9/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 79. 7% White,13. 6% African American,0. 03% Native American,3. 9% Asian,0. 10% Pacific Islander,0. 26% from other races, and 0. 53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 79% of the population,29. 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the family size was 3.08. In the CDP the population was out, with 20. 3% under the age of 18,4. 8% from 18 to 24,19. 5% from 25 to 44,23. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 49 years, for every 100 females there were 75.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.9 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $77,043, and the median income for a family was $91,217. Males had an income of $60,592 versus $41,458 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,340, none of the families and 2. 2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 4. 9% of those over 64. It was made a district for its Architecture, Community Planning. The district covers over 100 acres, and 178 contributing buildings, the Wyncote Historic District has a number of restored Victorian-era homes. The All Hallows Church was designed by a firm founded by Philadelphia architect Frank Furness, Wyncote is served by SEPTA, through regional rail at the Jenkintown-Wyncote train station. The building is a structure, dating back to its original use with the North Pennsylvania Railroad. Trains pass through about every twenty minutes going south to Philadelphia or north to Bucks County, Wyncote is a 30-minute train ride from downtown Philadelphia
41.
Ancillae Assumpta Academy
–
Ancillae-Assumpta Academy is a private, Catholic, co-educational school for students in Pre-school through grade 8 in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, United States. It is sponsored by the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, ancillaes sports program competes in the Catholic Academy League. In 1946 the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart began kindergarten classes at Church Road in Wyncote, the following year they opened a private elementary school for girls named Ancillae Academy, from the Latin word for handmaid. In 1957, the Handmaids started Assumpta Academy, a school named after Mother Assumption Escauriaza. In 1969, the two merged to become Ancillae-Assumpta Academy, the school is located on the former estate of George Horace Lorimer, longtime editor of the Saturday Evening Post. Ancillae-Assumpta is accredited by the Commission on Elementary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges, the current accreditation is for a period of seven years from December 2012 until December 2019. This is the fourth reaccreditation for the school, the previous reaccreditations were in 1990 and 2001. Students from Ancillae-Assumpta were among those awarded scholarships to LaSalle College High School, Ancillae-Assumpta Academy won first place in the Creative Video Contest sponsored by the World Meeting of Families Congress held in Philadelphia in September 2015. Initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1994, the Congress is held three years in a different location. Pope Francis is scheduled to attend, the 2015 Ancillae-Assumpta JV Football team won the Catholic Academy League championship, with a perfect 8-0 season. Official website PSS, U. S. Dept. of Education Ancillae-Assumpta Academy honored as a 2010 National Blue Ribbon School, Montgomery Media, December 4,2010
42.
Arcadia University
–
Arcadia University is a private university located in Glenside, Pennsylvania, United States, on the outskirts of Philadelphia. A masters university by Carnegie Classification, the university has a student population of approximately 4,000. The University was ranked 42nd in the Regional Universities North category by U. S. News & World Report in 2017, the 76-acre campus features Grey Towers Castle, a National Historic Landmark. Arcadia University was founded in Beaver, Pennsylvania in 1853 as Beaver Female Seminary, by 1872, it had attained collegiate status, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was named Beaver College. The school admitted men from 1872 to 1907, then limited enrollment to women until 1972, in 1925, Beaver College moved east to Jenkintown, Pennsylvania and changed its religious affiliation to Presbyterian. In 1928, the acquired the Harrison estate in Glenside, including Grey Towers Castle. The college operated both the Jenkintown and Glenside campuses until 1962, when it consolidated all activities to the Glenside campus, some significant changes came in 1973, when the college launched its first graduate programs and began admitting men again. In July 2001, upon attaining university status, Beaver College officially changed its name to Arcadia University, the University is led by Nicolette DeVille Christensen, Ph. D. who was appointed as the Universitys 21st president on Oct.11,2013. Dr. DeVille Christensen announced her intention to retire at the end of the 2016-17 academic year, since her appointment, Dr. DeVille Christensen has facilitated strategic alliances regionally, nationally, and internationally, expanding Arcadias global footprint. The university offers more than 80 fields of study in its undergraduate programs, undergraduate majors are offered in the College of Arts & Sciences, College of Health Sciences, School of Education, and School of Global Business. There is also an option for students to propose self-designed majors, graduate and professional studies at Arcadia University range widely, from liberal arts to primarily professional, doctoral level to workshops. The University is known for its study abroad programs and this was the seventh year the University earned this top ranking, and it has been in the top ten since 2004. The 2014-15 data from Open Doors shows 800 undergraduates studying abroad in that year, additionally,60 percent of first-year students participate in an overseas educational experience during Spring break. In addition to sending a high percentage of its own students abroad, the College of Global Studies, which was given the status of a college in 2009, runs over 130 programs, which serve students from over 300 universities yearly. TCGS programs operate in Australia, Chile, Cuba, England, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, Spain, in 2014, Arcadia University entered into a strategic academic alliance with Global Pathways Institute in Mumbai, India. The alliance provides a pathway for students in India to begin their career in India and finish it at Arcadia University. In 2005, Arcadia University allied with IFSA-Butler to form the Alliance for Global Education, the Alliance for Global Education is still a thriving organization, specializing in sending students to India, China, and other Asian countries. Arcadia University teams compete in the NCAA Division III within the Commonwealth Conference of the Middle Atlantic Conferences, mens sports teams include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming, tennis, and volleyball
