In geology, a mélange is a large-scale breccia, a mappable body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The mélange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithologies. Both tectonic and sedimentary processes can form mélange.
Melange from Narooma, Australia.
Shale matrix mélange with clasts of sandstone and greenstone on Marshall's Beach, San Francisco, US
A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.
Thrust fault in the Qilian Shan, China. The older (left, blue, and red) thrust over the younger (right, brown).
The Glencoul Thrust at Aird da Loch, Assynt in Scotland. The irregular grey mass of rock is formed of Archaean or Paleoproterozoic Lewisian gneisses thrust over well-bedded Cambrian quartzite, along the top of the younger unit.
Small thrust fault in the cliffs at Lilstock Bay, Somerset, England; displacement of about two metres (6.6 ft)
Antiformal stack of thrust imbricates proved by drilling, Brooks Range Foothills, Alaska