1.
Jean Giraud
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Jean Henri Gaston Giraud was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian bandes dessinées tradition. Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius and to a lesser extent Gir, esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential bandes dessinées artist after Hergé. His most famous include the series Blueberry, created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier. As Mœbius he created a range of science fiction and fantasy comics in a highly imaginative, surreal. These works include Arzach and the Airtight Garage of Jerry Cornelius and he also collaborated with avant-garde filmmaker Alejandro Jodorowsky for an unproduced adaptation of Dune and the comic book series The Incal. Mœbius also contributed storyboards and concept designs to numerous science fiction and fantasy films, such as Alien, Tron, The Fifth Element, in 2004, Moebius and Jodorowsky sued Luc Besson for using The Incal as inspiration for Fifth Element, a lawsuit which they lost. Blueberry was adapted for the screen in 2004 by French director Jan Kounen, when he was three years old, his parents divorced and he was raised mainly by his grandparents, who were living in the neighboring municipality of Fontenay-sous-Bois. The rupture between mother and father created a lasting trauma that he explained lay at the heart of his choice of pen names. He became close friends with comic artist, Jean-Claude Mézières, in no small part due to their shared passion for Westerns. In 1956 he left art school without graduating to visit his mother, who had married a Mexican in Mexico, after his return to France, he started to work as a full-time artist. At 18, Giraud was drawing his own comic Western strip, Frank et Jeremie, for the magazine Far West and it was for Fleurus that Giraud also illustrated his first three books. Already in this period his style was influenced by his later mentor. In 1961, returning from service in Germany, Giraud became an apprentice of Jijé. For Jijé, Giraud created several shorts and illustrations for the short-lived magazine Bonux-Boy, his first work after military service. In this period, Jijé used Giraud as his assistant on an album of his Western series Jerry Spring, The Road to Coronado, in 1962, Giraud and writer Jean-Michel Charlier started the comic strip Fort Navajo for Pilote Magazine #210. At this time the affinity between the styles of Giraud and Jijé was so close that Jijé penciled several pages for the series when Giraud went AWOL. The Lieutenant Blueberry character, whose features were based on those of the actor Jean-Paul Belmondo, was created in 1963 by Charlier. While the Fort Navajo series had had originally intended as an ensemble narrative
2.
DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
3.
Science fantasy
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Science fantasy is a mixed genre within the umbrella of speculative fiction which simultaneously draws upon and/or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. It also sometimes incorporates elements of horror fiction, distinguishing between science fiction and fantasy, Rod Serling claimed that the former was the improbable made possible while the latter was the impossible made probable. As a combination of the two, science fantasy gives a scientific veneer of realism to things that simply could not happen in the world under any circumstances. Where science fiction does not permit the existence of fantasy or supernatural elements, all were relatively rationalistic stories published in John W. Campbell, Jr. s Unknown magazine. These were an attempt to apply the techniques and attitudes of science fiction to traditional fantasy subjects. The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction published, among other things, all but the last of the Operation series, henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore published novels in Startling Stories, alone and together, which were far more romantic. These were closely related to the work that they and others were doing for outlets like Weird Tales, ace Books published a number of books as science fantasy during the 1950s and 1960s. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction points out that as a genre, science fantasy has never clearly defined. The Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry is considered an example of science fantasy, writer James F. Broderick describes Star Trek as science fantasy because it includes semi-futuristic as well as supernatural/fantasy elements such as The Q. According to the science fiction author Arthur C, clarke, many purists argue that Star Trek is science fantasy rather than science fiction because of its scientifically improbable elements, which he partially agrees with. Jack Vances Dying Earth stories are sometimes classed as science fantasy because the cosmology used is not compatible with that accepted by science fiction. Other stories in the Dying Earth subgenre such as M. John Harrisons Viriconium novels or Gene Wolfes Book of the New Sun are usually classed as science fantasy. Terry Brooks Shannara books represent a world as the far future of Earth after supernatural events cause the downfall of civilization. The last two films in George Millers post-apocalyptic Mad Max franchise, while science fiction films, contain fantastical elements to their depiction of a devastated world. The works of Edgar Rice Burroughs and E. R. Eddison are probably the earliest examples of this genre, C. S. Lewis Out of the Silent Planet is an example of the same type of story, though in its case the preoccupations are theological. In both cases the elements are barely rationalized, and in Lewis case stand in stark contrast to the pseudo-scientific machinery that frames the story. In Andre Nortons Witch World series, the world is excused as a parallel universe. There are a few fictional elements in the earlier stories of this series
4.
Philippe Druillet
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Philippe Druillet is a French comics artist and creator, and an innovator in visual design. Druillet was born in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France but spent his youth in Spain, a science fiction and comics fan, Philippe worked as a photographer after graduating from high school, drawing only for his own pleasure. His first book appeared in 1966, entitled Le Mystère des abîmes and it introduced his recurring hero Lone Sloane and played on science-fiction themes partially inspired by his favourite writers, H. P. Lovecraft and A. E. van Vogt. Later Druillet created book covers for republications of Lovecrafts work, as well as movie posters. His backdrops of gigantic structures inspired by Art Nouveau, Indian temples and this was to be a vehicle for his finest stories, and showcased a steady evolution in his graphical skills. His series Lone Sloane and Vuzz continued, and other stories of this period include La Nuit, in 1980 Druillet produced Salammbô, a comic-book trilogy based upon Flauberts proto-heroic fantasy novel Salammbô. Outside his work as a cartoonist and illustrator, Druillet has also active in architecture, rock opera, painting, sculpture. He worked as a designer on the film, Sorcerer directed by William Friedkin in 1976 and he collaborated on Rolf Liebermanns Wagner Space Opera in the Opera de Paris in the late 70s to early 80s, and founded the Space Art Création in 1984. More recently he created the artwork and designed large parts of the background of the 2005 TV miniseries remake Les Rois maudits
5.
Jean-Pierre Dionnet
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Jean-Pierre Dionnet is a French comics writer and TV presenter. He has also worked as an editor-in-chief, journalist, editor, producer/distributor of films and he was the co-founder of the comics magazine Métal Hurlant in 1974. His works include Exterminateur 17, with art by Enki Bilal, Jean-Pierre Dionnet was born on 25 November 1947 in Paris, and at that time there was still rationing, so he spent the first five years in the Creuse. He fell behind in school and focused solely on his goal of working in comics, while pursuing his dream of becoming a comics writer, he worked as a broker on the weekend, and he was also a bookstore clerk in the first rendition of Futuropolis. In the year of 1968, Jean-Pierre Dionnet began working for Pilote where he wrote scripts for Jean Solé, Yves Got, Philippe Druillet, Moebius, Annie Goetzinger, online biography from Editor website Comic Book DB
6.
Horror fiction
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Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle their readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as a piece of fiction in prose of variable length, which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing. It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere, Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society. The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and these were manifested in stories of beings such as witches, vampires, werewolves and ghosts. 18th century Gothic horror drew on these sources with the seminal and controversial The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole and this marked the first incorporated elements of the supernatural instead of pure realism. In fact, the first edition was published disguised as a medieval romance from Italy discovered and republished by a fictitious translator. Once revealed as contemporary, many found it anachronistic, reactionary, or simply in poor taste — but it proved to be immediately popular. That first novel of Gothic horror inspired such works as Vathek by William Beckford, A Sicilian Romance, The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Italian by Ann Radcliffe and The Monk by Matthew Lewis. A significant amount of fiction of this era was written by women and marketed at a female audience. The Gothic tradition blossomed into the modern readers call horror literature in the 19th century. Each of these novels and novellas created an icon of horror seen in modern re-imaginings on the stage. The proliferation of periodicals, as early as the turn of the century. One writer who specialized in fiction for mainstream pulps such as All-Story Magazine was Tod Robbins, whose fiction dealt with themes of madness. Later, specialist publications emerged to give horror writers an outlet, including Weird Tales, influential horror writers of the early 20th century made inroads in these mediums. Early cinema was inspired by aspects of horror literature, and early horror cinema started a strong tradition of horror films. This imagery made these comics controversial, and as a consequence they were frequently censored, many modern novels claim an early description of the living dead in a precursor to the modern zombie tale, including Dennis Wheatleys Strange Conflict, H. P. Lovecraft stories such as Cool Air, In The Vault, richard Mathesons novel I Am Legend would also influence an entire genre of apocalyptic zombie fiction emblematic of the films of George A. Romero
