The M1857 12-pounder Napoleon or Light 12-pounder gun or 12-pounder gun-howitzer was a bronze smoothbore muzzle-loading artillery piece that was adopted by the United States Army in 1857 and extensive
M1857 12-pounder Napoleon at Gettysburg National Military Park
Muzzle of a 12-pounder Napoleon at Malvern Hill reads: "No348 (registry) - Revere Copper Co. (faintly) - 1233 lbs. - 1863 - T.J.R. (Thomas Jefferson Rodman, inspector)".
Confederate-made 12-pounder Napoleon at Gettysburg shows a lack of muzzle swell.
Federal Model 1857 12-pounder Napoleon
The 3-inch ordnance rifle, model 1861 was a muzzleloading and rifled cannon that was adopted by the United States Army in 1861 and widely used in field artillery units during the American Civil War. M
M1857 12-pounder Napoleon
…General William Farquhar Barry, which included the goal to arm Union Army field artillery batteries exclusively with the light 12-pounder smoothbore, the 3-inch Ordnance rifle, and the Parrott rifle. Each battery was organized so as to contain six identical guns, if possible, with no less than four guns per battery. By the…
3-inch ordnance rifle, model 1861
3-inch ordnance rifle, model 1861
Muzzle shows "No.220 - PICo - 1862 - 817 lbs. - JMW". This represents registry number, Phoenix Iron Company, year produced, weight, and inspector (James M. Whittemore). Location is Fort Stedman, Petersburg National Battlefield.
This 3-inch ordnance rifle overlooks "The Angle" – the target of Pickett's Charge – at Gettysburg National Military Park.