1.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
–
Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
–
The name London may derive from the
River Thames
2.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
United Kingdom
–
Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
United Kingdom
–
Flag
United Kingdom
–
The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
United Kingdom
–
The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
3.
Europe
–
Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
Europe
–
Reconstruction of
Herodotus ' world map
Europe
Europe
–
A medieval
T and O map from 1472 showing the three continents as domains of the sons of
Noah — Asia to Sem (
Shem), Europe to Iafeth (
Japheth), and Africa to Cham (
Ham)
Europe
–
Early modern depiction of
Europa regina ('Queen Europe') and the mythical
Europa of the 8th century BC.
4.
Viacom International Media Networks Europe
–
Viacom International Media Networks Europe is a subsidiary of Viacom. The unit is no longer used, Viacom International Media Networks is now working in five operating units, Viacom International Media Networks Europe includes the multimedia entertainment brands, MTV, VH1, VIVA, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, Nick Jr. and Channel 5. MTV Networks Europe is primarily based in London while also hosting a number of offices throughout Europe, including Paris. Viacom International Media Networks Europe launched its first channel MTV Europe on 1 August 1987 from Amsterdam, regionalisation of MTV Networks Europes channels began in March 1997 with the launch of MTV Germany. Today, MTV remains Viacom International Media Networks Europes most widely distributed brand as of October 2008 reaching more than 218,186,000 million homes across Europe, overtime, MTV Europe gradually produced its own on-air identity throughout the 1990s. From 1997, MTVs regionalization throughout Europe brought about specialized on-air identity which reflected the tastes and influences from each region, as part of a global rebranding strategy, MTV Networks International decided to produce a new on-air identity that would air on all MTV channels around the world. On 1 July 2009 all 64 MTV channels globally began to share the same on-air branding and this branding made use of a standardized logo, idents and promos. The on-air branding initiative was called Pop X1000 reflecting the nature of popular culture with MTV at the heart of these rapid changes. The branding was designed by MTVs design department World Design Studio in Milan, the branding was overseen by Universal Everything. This branding was adopted by MTV Networks Europe, MTV Networks Asia, MTV Networks Africa, as part of MTVs rebrand awareness campaign MTV teamed up with Spanish retailer ZARA in December 2009 to provide branded themed T-shirts and hoodies representing the Pop X 1000% campaign. As of 8 November 2010 MTV launched is third phase of idents, in 2010, MTV US rebranded its entire network of channels producing a revised version of the traditional MTV logo. It was decided that MTV Networks International channels would adopt this logo at a later date, on 1 July 2011 MTV Networks Europe will rebrand its network across Europe and globally. MTVs will replace its logo the MTV, Music Television logo to be replaced by the current MTV US logo. On 30 June 2011 MTVs localized websites throughout Europe began to use the new branding, as part of a new strategy MTV Networks Europe will be part of Viacom Media International Networks. It is expected that MTV Networks Europe will be rebranded in winter 2011, in Fall 2013, Viacom International Media Networks announced it would relaunch its MTV channels globally with a new on-air identity. This came into effect on 1 October 2013, on June 25,2015 - MTV International channels were rebranded with a new initiative to get more viewers involved with the channel. MTV launched MTVBump. com where viewers could upload short video clips which will air on MTV channels worldwide, MTV also launched MTV Art Breaks where creative viewers can create special MTV idents. MTV will also launch MTV Creative another initiative to coincide with MTV Bump, however, MTVs rebrand still sees falling ratings
Viacom International Media Networks Europe
5.
2015 MTV Europe Music Awards
–
The 2015 MTV EMAs were held at the Mediolanum Forum in Assago, near Milan, Italy, on 25 October 2015. This was the time the awards have taken place in Italy, second time Assago has been the host city. The awards was held in the venue as the 1998 MTV EMAs. On 30 September 2015, it was announced that singer Ed Sheeran would host the awards, justin Bieber won six awards, including Best Male and Best Worldwide Act. Throughout mid-2015, Milan also hosted Expo 2015, a partner of this years awards, in association with the EMAs, MTV Italia organised an event called MTV Music Week, which ran from October 19 to October 25. In addition, on the nights of the 24 and 25 October, international and Italian acts performed on both nights, including Ellie Goulding, Marco Mengoni, Duran Duran, Martin Garrix and Afrojack. The nominations were announced on 15 September 2015
2015 MTV Europe Music Awards
6.
Justin Bieber
–
Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World and it was certified Platinum in the U. S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0 and it debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple Platinum in the U. S. and contained his single Baby. He released his studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011. Bieber released his studio album, Believe, in 2012. His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles, What Do You Mean and his U. S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million. He has sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the world’s best-selling music artists, Bieber has won numerous awards, including the American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012. In his career, he has won one Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song Where Are Ü Now at the 2016 ceremony. He has been listed four times by Forbes magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world in 2011,2012, Bieber also became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo. Bieber was born on March 1,1994, in London, Ontario, at St Josephs Hospital and he is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Patricia Pattie Mallette. Pattie raised her son with the help of her mother, Diane and his mother is of French-Canadian descent, his paternal great-grandfather was of German ancestry, and his other roots are English, Scottish and Irish. He has also claimed that he has some undetermined Aboriginal Canadian ancestry, through Jeremy, Bieber has two younger half-siblings, Jazmyn and Jaxon. Pattie worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Bieber attended a French-language immersion elementary school in Stratford, the Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School. Growing up, he learned to play the piano, drums, guitar and he graduated from high school in Stratford, Ontario, the St. Michael Catholic Secondary School in 2012 with a 4.0 GPA. In early 2007, aged 12, Bieber sang Ne-Yos So Sick for a singing competition in Stratford and was placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and she continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Biebers popularity on the site grew
Justin Bieber
–
Bieber at the 2012 NRJ Music Awards
Justin Bieber
–
Bieber in 2010, displaying his earlier haircut.
Justin Bieber
–
Bieber performing during his
Believe Tour in October 2012.
Justin Bieber
–
Bieber performing in
Zürich, 2011
7.
The Weeknd
–
Abel Makkonen Tesfaye, known professionally as The Weeknd, is a Canadian singer, songwriter and record producer. In late 2010, Tesfaye anonymously uploaded several songs to YouTube under the name The Weeknd and he released three nine-track mixtapes throughout 2011, House of Balloons, Thursday and Echoes of Silence, which were critically acclaimed. In 2012, he released a compilation album Trilogy, thirty tracks consisting of the remastered mixtapes and it was released under Republic Records and his own label XO. In 2013, he released his studio album Kiss Land. The songs have held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart, making him the first artist in history to achieve this. The Weeknd has won two Grammy Awards and nine Juno Awards, in September 2016, the release of the third album Starboy was announced along with the release of the title track single Starboy, which subsequently reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Abel Makkonen Tesfaye was born on 16 February 1990, in Scarborough, Ontario and he is the only child of Makkonen and Samra Tesfaye, who were Ethiopian migrants to Canada in the 1980s. He was raised in Scarborough, a neighborhood within the city. During his youth, his mother would work several jobs to support the family, often as a nurse and caterer, while also attending night school. His father later abandoned the family, prompting his grandmother to take care for him and his paternal cousin Issam Nazar. This allowed him to become fluent in Amharic, with the Semitic language acting as his first language and she would also take him to services at an Ethiopian Orthodox church. He started smoking marijuana at age 11, and later moved on to hard drugs, describing his teenage years as KIDS without the AIDS, he would shoplift from the local supermarket with his cousin Issam, and began using MDMA, Xanax, cocaine, psilocybin and ketamine. He attended West Hill Collegiate Institute and Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute, the spelling was modified to avoid trademark issues with the Canadian band The Weekend. Tesfaye met producer Jeremy Rose, who had an idea for a dark R&B musical project called The Weeknd. After trying to pitch the idea to musician Curtis Santiago, Rose played one of his instrumentals for Tesfaye, who freestyled over it, and they began working on an album. He produced three songs – What You Need, Loft Music, and The Morning – and others that Tesfaye rapped on, Rose let Tesfaye keep the tracks he had produced under the condition that he would ultimately be credited for them. However, in December 2010, Tesfaye uploaded What You Need, Loft Music and The Morning to YouTube under the name The Weeknd, though his identity was initially unknown. The songs drew attention online through word of mouth, including a blog featuring the songs posted by rapper Drake and they subsequently received coverage from outlets such as Pitchfork Media and The New York Times
The Weeknd
–
The Weeknd performing at
Bumbershoot 2015
The Weeknd
–
The Weeknd at the 2011 Annual OVO Fest.
The Weeknd
–
The Weeknd performing at
Massey Hall a downtown Toronto theatre on October 17, 2013
The Weeknd
–
The Weeknd at Bumbershoot 2015
8.
Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)
–
Bad Blood is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, from her fifth studio album 1989. The remixed version of the song, featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar, was released on May 17,2015, the album version was written by Swift, Max Martin, and Shellback, with Lamar writing his verses on the remixed version. The lyrics of Bad Blood describe the betrayal of a close friend, the album version is the eighth track of 1989. The song reached number one in Australia, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, Scotland, the accompanying music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and features an ensemble cast. The video previously held the 24-Hour Vevo Record with 20.1 million views and it won Video of the Year and Best Collaboration at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. The song received a nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance while its video won Best Music Video at the 58th Grammy Awards. A cover version of Bad Blood was released as the first promotional single from singer-songwriter Ryan Adams interpretation of Swifts 1989 album, Swift co-wrote Bad Blood about an undisclosed female musician. Swift says the artist attempted to sabotage one of her concert tours by hiring people who worked for her, publications such as Billboard, Rolling Stone, Time, and The Washington Post have speculated that Katy Perry is the subject of the song. Daniel DAddario for Time and Emily Yahr for The Washington Post noted parallels between Bad Bloods lyric If you live like that, you live with ghosts and Ghost, a song from Perrys 2013 album Prism. The album version of the song only contains Swift as the vocalist on verses, while the version features a re-worked instrumental. Jem Aswad of Billboard felt the song is reminiscent of Gwen Stefanis Hollaback Girl, the Guardians Kitty Empire wrote that the song faintly recalls Charli XCX with its stark beats. It is written in the key of G major, and runs at 88 bpm, the original version of Bad Blood received generally negative reviews from music critics. Many described the song as clichéd while also criticizing its writing, chorus, entertainment Weekly listed it as one of the best songs on the album. George Seabrook of The Edge awarded the four and half stars out of five. He praised the song for Lamar’s simple, brutally effective verses and acknowledged the collaboration as not just one more meaningless stunt collaboration, but a powerful new duo. Bad Blood first charted on the US Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks in November 2014 and January 2015 as a cut from 1989, peaking at number 78. It also became her 18th top 10 single and Lamars second and it dropped to number two the week after, being replaced by Wiz Khalifas See You Again, where it stayed for five consecutive weeks. It spent another five weeks at number four, before leaving the top ten of the chart after thirteen consecutive weeks in it on September 5,2015
Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)
–
"Bad Blood"
9.
MTV Networks Europe
–
Viacom International Media Networks Europe is a subsidiary of Viacom. The unit is no longer used, Viacom International Media Networks is now working in five operating units, Viacom International Media Networks Europe includes the multimedia entertainment brands, MTV, VH1, VIVA, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, Nick Jr. and Channel 5. MTV Networks Europe is primarily based in London while also hosting a number of offices throughout Europe, including Paris. Viacom International Media Networks Europe launched its first channel MTV Europe on 1 August 1987 from Amsterdam, regionalisation of MTV Networks Europes channels began in March 1997 with the launch of MTV Germany. Today, MTV remains Viacom International Media Networks Europes most widely distributed brand as of October 2008 reaching more than 218,186,000 million homes across Europe, overtime, MTV Europe gradually produced its own on-air identity throughout the 1990s. From 1997, MTVs regionalization throughout Europe brought about specialized on-air identity which reflected the tastes and influences from each region, as part of a global rebranding strategy, MTV Networks International decided to produce a new on-air identity that would air on all MTV channels around the world. On 1 July 2009 all 64 MTV channels globally began to share the same on-air branding and this branding made use of a standardized logo, idents and promos. The on-air branding initiative was called Pop X1000 reflecting the nature of popular culture with MTV at the heart of these rapid changes. The branding was designed by MTVs design department World Design Studio in Milan, the branding was overseen by Universal Everything. This branding was adopted by MTV Networks Europe, MTV Networks Asia, MTV Networks Africa, as part of MTVs rebrand awareness campaign MTV teamed up with Spanish retailer ZARA in December 2009 to provide branded themed T-shirts and hoodies representing the Pop X 1000% campaign. As of 8 November 2010 MTV launched is third phase of idents, in 2010, MTV US rebranded its entire network of channels producing a revised version of the traditional MTV logo. It was decided that MTV Networks International channels would adopt this logo at a later date, on 1 July 2011 MTV Networks Europe will rebrand its network across Europe and globally. MTVs will replace its logo the MTV, Music Television logo to be replaced by the current MTV US logo. On 30 June 2011 MTVs localized websites throughout Europe began to use the new branding, as part of a new strategy MTV Networks Europe will be part of Viacom Media International Networks. It is expected that MTV Networks Europe will be rebranded in winter 2011, in Fall 2013, Viacom International Media Networks announced it would relaunch its MTV channels globally with a new on-air identity. This came into effect on 1 October 2013, on June 25,2015 - MTV International channels were rebranded with a new initiative to get more viewers involved with the channel. MTV launched MTVBump. com where viewers could upload short video clips which will air on MTV channels worldwide, MTV also launched MTV Art Breaks where creative viewers can create special MTV idents. MTV will also launch MTV Creative another initiative to coincide with MTV Bump, however, MTVs rebrand still sees falling ratings
MTV Networks Europe
–
Viacom International Media Networks Europe
10.
MTV Video Music Awards
–
An MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. By 2001, the VMA had become a coveted award, the statue given to winners is an astronaut on the moon, one of the earliest representations of MTV, and colloquially called a moonman. The statue is now made by New York firm, Society Awards, since the 2006 ceremony, viewers are able to vote for their favorite videos in all general categories by visiting MTVs website. The first VMA ceremony was held in 1984 at New York Citys Radio City Music Hall, the ceremonies are normally held in either New York City or Los Angeles. However, the ceremonies have also hosted in Miami and Las Vegas. 1984, At the first MTV Video Music Awards in 1984, Madonna performed her hit Like a Virgin wearing a combination bustier/wedding gown, during the performance, she rolled around on the floor, revealing lacy stockings and a garter. Cyndi Lauper spoke in Exorcist-esque gibberish to explain the VMA rules right before winning the Best Female video for Girls Just Want to Have Fun, David Bowie and The Beatles were rewarded with the first ever Video Vanguard Awards for their work in pioneering the music video. 1988, At the 1988 Video Music Awards Michael Jackson appeared for the first time, a pre-recorded live performance of Bad was shown. He was also awarded the Video Vanguard Award, paula Abdul was nominated for six awards, picking up four wins. She performed a medley of her singles Straight Up, Cold Hearted. When Madonna won the Viewers Choice Award for her Like a Prayer video, the tone that the commercial sought to convey sharply contrasted with the music video. When Pepsi executives saw the video, they yanked the advertisement after only two airings, in an attempt to dissociate themselves from Madonna. She also gave one of the most memorable performances of her hit Express Yourself, the performance consisted of both a dramatic 18th-century reinterpretation of Vogue as well as her dramatically becorseted breasts. His video Thriller influenced and changed music videos into what it is like today, a conflict between Poisons Bret Michaels and C. C. DeVille culminated in a fistfight at the Video Music Awards in 1991, deVille was fired and replaced by Pennsylvanian guitarist Richie Kotzen. Paul Reubens had his first public appearance following an arrest for lewd-conduct earlier that year, taking the stage in costume as Pee-wee Herman, he received a standing ovation, after which he asked the audience, Heard any good jokes lately. Prince & The New Power Generation performed their sexually charged song Gett Off on a Caligula-esque set and his trousers were parodied numerous times throughout the following year, on In Living Color & even on the next years VMAs by Howard Stern. It also marked the last TV appearance of Kiss with Eric Carr,1992, In the 1992 show, MTV requested Nirvana perform Smells Like Teen Spirit, while the band itself had indicated it preferred to play new songs Rape Me and tourettes
MTV Video Music Awards
–
The 1983-1984 Video of the Year "Moonman" award.
MTV Video Music Awards
–
Radio City Music Hall, site of 11 VMAs, including the
first
MTV Video Music Awards
–
Madonna has won 20 VMAs, the most for any artist.
MTV Video Music Awards
–
West taking the microphone from Swift at the
2009 MTV Video Music Awards.
11.
MTV Europe
–
MTV Europe is a pan-European 24-hour entertainment cable and digital television network launched on 1 August 1987. Initially, the channel served all regions within Europe being one of the few channels that targeted the entire European continent. Today, the channel only serves a selection of European countries as Viacom International Media Networks Europe began to regionalise its network in 1997, MTV Europe was begun under a co-operative agreement between Viacom and BT, which lasted until 1991 when Viacom took over full ownership. MTV Europe is wholly owned and operated by Viacom International Media Networks Europe, since its premiere, MTV revolutionized the music industry. Slogans such as I want my MTV, MTV has also been referenced countless times in popular culture by musicians, other TV channels and shows, films and books. MTV Europe launched on the 1st of August 1987 from Amsterdam, Netherlands with a performance from Elton John and was transmitted from AirTV in Camden Town. MTV Europe bought Breakfast Television Centre in Hawley crescent, Camden Town the former headquarters of ITVs now defunct breakfast television company, MTV Europe always had its Transmission Centre in London - having been launched in August 1987 from the Chrysalis TV owned Air TV facility. MTV Europe became something of a pioneer in Europe when in 1995 it began to broadcast using digitally compressed transmissions, from 1993 to 1996 MTV Europe was broadcast on Russian TV channels 2x2, TV-6, Muz-TV, Seti-NN etc. In 1997, MTV Networks Europe began to regionalize its MTV feed in a number of areas in Europe, in March 1997, MTV Central was launched as a German-speaking MTV music channel available in Germany and Austria. It was initially broadcast out of Hamburg before moving to Munich, MTV Central later was renamed MTV Germany. On 1 July 1997 MTV UK & Ireland launched, followed by MTV Italia in September, MTV Nordic for Scandinavia launched in June 1998 and MTV Russia for Russia launched on 25 September 1998. Since 2000, MTV Networks Europe launched other regional channels across the continent, in May 2002, the channel re-branded as MTV European. In August 2007, it moved its base from London to Warsaw, Poland. Prior to 1 August 2010, MTV Europe provided a mix of popular culture programming along with music videos. As of 1 August 2010, MTV Europe has controversially removed its core music programming, MTV Europe is aimed at viewers aged around 16-35, it reaches more than 100 million households in 43 territories. The channels broadcast centre is located in Prague, Czech Republic and programming produced at MTV Networks headquarters in Warsaw, in July 2011, MTV Europe rebranded its channel utilizing a new logo and idents. In August 2012, MTV Europe suspended from programing all of the broadcast charts, MTV European is distributed across Europe via satellite, cable, and terrestrial television. MTV Germany was available FTA on Astra 19, 2E, until August 2015 the Italian MTV-station was free to air available on Eutelsat 12 West A. However, with the take-over of Sky Italia of this channel, it has been rebranded TV8
MTV Europe
–
MTV Europe
12.
MTV Live HD
–
MTV Live HD is an international 24-hour HD music and entertainment television network that is operated by Viacom International Media Networks subsidiary Viacom International Media Networks. The channel is available in Europe, South America, Oceania, Middle East and North Africa, MTV Live HD, the first ever international high definition service dedicated to music, offers a mix of programming from MTV. MTV Live HD is operated by MTVNIs Emerging Markets group, who produce, the English-language service also features original and acquired shows, and programming from MTVNIs multi-branded library. The channels mix of programming includes shows produced by other international MTV production units in Southern Europe, from July 1,2011 the channel began to focus primarily on live music programming. The channel was launched on September 15,2008 in some parts of Europe as MTVNHD, the channel continued to launch in new countries throughout 2010, including Australia where it first became available in standard-definition. On July 1,2011, MTVNHD was rebranded as MTV Live HD, however, in the UK and Ireland the channel remained as MTVNHD. In Australia MTVN Live was rebranded as MTV Live, on April 23,2012, MTVNHD was rebranded as MTV Live HD in the UK and Ireland, along with the launch of a standard-definition MTV Live. On October 1,2013, MTV Live HD and MTV Live revamped the channels logo as part of a global rebrand, on November 3,2013, MTV Live HD and MTV Live ceased broadcasting on Foxtels service in Australia. On March 2,2014, MTV Live HD launched on TaiwanCHT MOD, on October 24 that same year, it launched on UPC Romania. Starting January 2015, MTV Live HD was available on OSN in the Arab World after years of broadcasting free-on-air for years on Arabsat and Nilesat, on 15 February 2016, the standard-definition MTV Live closed and was replaced by MTV Music +1. On 29 June 2016, MTV Live HD ceased broadcasting on Sky in the United Kingdom and Ireland, North America Mexico South America Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Asia Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, Mainland China and Taiwan. Middle East and North Africa Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, - The newest in Music Videos
MTV Live HD
–
MTV Live HD
13.
1994 MTV Europe Music Awards
–
The first MTV Europe Music Awards were held on November 24,1994, at Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany, five years after the removal of the Berlin Wall. Hosted by Tom Jones, the show featured performances by Aerosmith, Björk, Roxette, Take That, presenters included East 17, Jean Paul Gaultier, Naomi Campbell, Pamela Anderson and model Helena Christensen, who kissed INXSs Michael Hutchence live on stage. Deus Reel 2 Real 2 Unlimited D Ream Jam & Spoon The Prodigy Aerosmith Rage Against the Machine Therapy, metallica Soundgarden Wet Wet Wet — Love Is All Around Pet Shop Boys — Go West Gun — Word Up. Ace of Base — Dont Turn Around Big Mountain — Baby,90 Aerosmith — Walk on Water & Cryin Roxette — Sleeping in My Car Take That — Sure Björk with Fluke — Big Time Sensuality Therapy
1994 MTV Europe Music Awards
–
1994 MTV Europe Music Awards
14.
Mitte
–
Mitte is the first and most central borough of Berlin. It was created in Berlins 2001 administrative reform by the merger of the districts of Mitte proper, Tiergarten and Wedding. It is one of the two boroughs which comprises former West and East Berlin districts, note that when Berliners speak of Mitte, they usually refer to the smaller locality and not to the larger borough. Mitte is located in the part of Berlin along the Spree River. It borders on Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in the west, Reinickendorf in the north, Pankow in the east, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the southeast, in the middle of the Spree lies Museum Island with its museums and Berlin Cathedral. The central square in Mitte is Alexanderplatz with the prominent Fernsehturm, Germanys highest building, juni to the Victory Column and the centre of former West Berlin in Charlottenburg, or Karl-Marx-Allee from Alexanderplatz to Friedrichshain and the eastern suburbs. The former Mitte district had established by the 1920 Greater Berlin Act and comprised large parts of the historic city around Alt-Berlin. Brandenburg Gate was the exit at the Berlin city boundary until 1861. Between 1961 and 1990, Mitte was the part of East Berlin, however at the same time it was surrounded by the Berlin Wall at its north, south. The immigrant community is diverse, however, Turks, Africans, Eastern Europeans. Kerület, Budapest, Hungary since 2005 Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia since 2006 Berlin Mitte Official homepage Official homepage of Berlin
Mitte
–
View over Mitte from
Berlin Cathedral
15.
Berlin
–
Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
16.
Germany
–
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
Germany
–
The
Nebra sky disk is dated to c. 1600 BC.
Germany
–
Flag
Germany
–
Martin Luther (1483–1546) initiated the
Protestant Reformation.
Germany
–
Foundation of the
German Empire in
Versailles, 1871.
Bismarck is at the center in a white uniform.
17.
Brandenburg Gate
–
The Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, and one of the best-known landmarks of Germany. It is built on the site of a city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel. It is located in the part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße. One block to the stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament. The gate is the entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees. It was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia as a sign of peace, having suffered considerable damage in World War II, the Brandenburg Gate was restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Stiftung Denkmalschutz Berlin. During the post-war Partition of Germany, the gate was isolated, the area around the gate was featured most prominently in the media coverage of the tearing down of the wall in 1989, and the subsequent German reunification in 1990. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor, Cöpenicker Tor, Neues Tor, relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city. The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old fortifications, but one of 18 gates within the Berlin Customs Wall, erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city, the new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace. The gate consists of twelve Doric columns, six to each side, citizens originally were allowed to use only the outermost two on each side. Atop the gate is a Quadriga, a chariot drawn by four horses, the new gate was originally named the Peace Gate and the goddess is Eirene, the goddess of peace. The gates design is based upon the Propylaea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, the gate was the first element of Athens on the River Spree by architect Langhans. The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history, after the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris. After Napoleons defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General Ernst von Pfuel, the Quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793. Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the archway, as well as members of the Pfuel family. The Kaiser granted this honour to the family in gratitude to Ernst von Pfuel, in addition, the central archway was also used by the coaches of ambassadors on the single occasion of their presenting their letters of credence to council. When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol, the gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945. The gate was damaged with holes in the columns from bullets
Brandenburg Gate
–
The Brandenburg Gate
Brandenburg Gate
Brandenburg Gate
–
The Brandenburg Gate
quadriga at night
Brandenburg Gate
–
Berlin in 1688: The future site of the Brandenburg gate was near the middle left of the map, separating the
Tiergarten from
Unter den Linden. Travellers going west from the city toward
Brandenburg an der Havel could pass in this direction.
18.
Tom Jones (singer)
–
Sir Thomas John Woodward OBE is a Welsh singer known by his stage name Tom Jones. Joness powerful voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and his performing range has included pop, rock, R&B, show tunes, country, dance, soul and gospel. In 2008, the New York Times called Jones a musical shape shifter, who could slide from soulful rasp to pop croon, with a voice as husky as it was pretty. Jones received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1966, an MTV Video Music Award in 1989, Jones was awarded an OBE in 1999 and in 2006 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music. Jones was born Thomas John Woodward, at 57 Kingsland Terrace, Treforest, Pontypridd, in Glamorgan and his parents were Thomas Woodward, a coal miner, and Freda Jones. His maternal grandfather, Albert Jones, was Welsh, and his grandmother, Ada Jones, was born in Pontypridd, to parents from Somerset. Jones attended Wood Road Infants School, Wood Road Junior School and he began singing at an early age, He would regularly sing at family gatherings, weddings and in his school choir. Jones did not like school or sports, but gained confidence through his singing talent, at 12 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Many years later he said, I spent two years in bed recovering and it was the worst time of my life. During convalescence he could do little else but listen to music, Joness bluesy singing style developed out of the sound of American soul music. His early influences included blues and R&B singers Little Richard, Solomon Burke, Jackie Wilson and Brook Benton, as well as Elvis Presley, in March 1957 Jones married his high school girlfriend, Linda Trenchard when they were expecting a child together, both aged 16. The couples son, Mark, was born in the month following their wedding, to support his young family Jones took a job working in a glove factory and was later employed in construction. Joness voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and he became the frontman in 1963 for Tommy Scott and the Senators, a Welsh beat group. They soon gained a following and reputation in South Wales. In 1964, the group recorded several tracks with producer Joe Meek, who took them to various labels. Later that year, Decca producer Peter Sullivan saw Tommy Scott and the Senators performing in a club and directed them to manager Phil Solomon, the group continued to play gigs at dance halls and working mens clubs in South Wales. One night at the Top Hat in Cwmtillery, Wales, Jones was spotted by Gordon Mills, Mills became Joness manager and took the young singer to London, and also renamed him Tom Jones, to exploit the popularity of the Academy Award-winning 1963 film. Eventually, Mills got Jones a recording contract with Decca and his first single, Chills and Fever, was released in late 1964
Tom Jones (singer)
–
Jones singing at
House of Blues,
Anaheim, California, 10 March 2009
Tom Jones (singer)
–
Jones duetting with
Janis Joplin in the television program
This Is Tom Jones in 1969
Tom Jones (singer)
–
The star commemorating Jones at the
Orpheum Theatre, Memphis
Tom Jones (singer)
–
Performing at
Hampton Court Palace in London, 2007
19.
1995 MTV Europe Music Awards
–
The 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards took place at the Le Zénith in Paris, France and were hosted by Jean-Paul Gaultier. The French nuclear testing in the South Pacific got the most attention at the ceremony, jon Bon Jovi during his speech for winning the award for Best Rock said, The only enemy is ignorance. Lets get rid of all nuclear testing. And Bono said, What a city, what a night, what a crowd, what a bomb, what a mistake, what a wanker you have for a President referring to nuclear testing and then-French President Jacques Chirac. Stop abusing the earth, urged Madonna in a videotaped segment before the designer agnès b. picked up the award for Greenpeace. The Cranberries — Zombie Michael Jackson — You Are Not Alone The Offspring — Self Esteem Seal — Kiss from a Rose TLC — Waterfalls Michel Gondry Spike Jonze Jean-Baptiste Mondino Mark Romanek W. I. Z. Björk Sheryl Crow PJ Harvey Janet Jackson Madonna Dr. Dre Michael Jackson Lenny Kravitz Scatman John Neil Young Blur Bon Jovi Green Day R. E. M. U2 Dog Eat Dog H-Blockx Alanis Morissette Portishead Weezer East 17 Ini Kamoze La Bouche Moby Sin with Sebastian Bon Jovi Green Day Oasis The Offspring Therapy
1995 MTV Europe Music Awards
–
1995 MTV Europe Music Awards
20.
Parc de la Villette
–
The Parc de la Villette is the third-largest park in Paris,55.5 hectares in area, located at the northeastern edge of the city in the 19th arrondissement. The park houses one of the largest concentration of cultural venues in Paris, including the Cité des Sciences et de lIndustrie, Parc de la Villette is served by Paris Métro stations Corentin Cariou on Line 7 and Porte de Pantin on Line 5. The slaughterhouses, built in 1867 on the instructions of Napoléon III, had cleared away. Tschumi won a design competition in 1982–83 for the park. The park houses museums, concert halls, live stages, and theatres, as well as playgrounds for children. An estimated 10 million people visit the park each year to take part in an array of cultural activities. With its collection of museums, theatres, architectural follies, themed gardens, and open spaces for exploration and activity, designed by Bernard Tschumi, the park is meant to be a place inspired by the post-modernist architectural ideas of deconstructivism. According to Tschumi, the intention of the park was to space for activity and interaction, rather than adopt the conventional park mantra of ordered relaxation. The vast expanse of the park allows for visitors to walk about the site with a sense of freedom and opportunity for exploration, the design of the park is organized into a series of points, lines, and surfaces. These categories of relation and formulation are used in Tschumi’s design to act as means of deconstructing the traditional views of how a park is conventionally meant to exist. The Parc de la Villette boasts activities that all people of all ages. The park is a melting pot of cultural expression where local artists and musicians produce exhibits. On the periphery of the lies the Cité des Sciences et de lIndustrie. There is a center and an I-MAX theatre. The park acts as a connection between these exterior functions, concerts are scheduled year round, hosting local and mainstream musicians. Dividing the park is the Canal de lOurcq, which has boat tours that transport visitors around the park, festivals are common in the park along with artist conventions and shows by performers. The Parc de la Villette hosts an annual film festival. In 2010 the festivals theme was To Be 20 and featured films about youth, in 2010 films were shown by American filmmakers Woody Allen and Sofia Coppola as well as French and international filmmakers
Parc de la Villette
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Parc de la Villette
Parc de la Villette
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Cité de la musique, a music museum and concert hall designed by renowned architect
Christian de Portzamparc, inaugurated in 1995.
Parc de la Villette
–
The Cabaret Sauvage concert venue, in the foreground, designed by Méziane Azaïche, 1997
Parc de la Villette
–
One of the many "follies" in the park
21.
Paris
–
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
Paris
–
In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."
Paris
Paris
–
Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)
Paris
–
The
Palais de la Cité and
Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)
22.
France
–
France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
–
One of the
Lascaux paintings: a horse –
Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
–
Flag
France
–
The
Maison Carrée was a temple of the
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day
Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the
Roman Empire.
France
–
With
Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
Frankish monarchy,
elective and
secular until then, became
hereditary and of
divine right.
23.
Jean Paul Gaultier
–
Jean-Paul Gaultier is a French haute couture and prêt-à-porter fashion designer. Gaultier was the director of Hermès from 2003 to 2010. Jean-Paul Gaultier co-presented the popular television series Eurotrash with Antoine de Caunes, Gaultier grew up in the suburb of Paris. His mother was a clerk and his father an accountant and it was his maternal grandmother, Marie Garrabe, who introduced him to the world of fashion. He never received training as a designer. Instead, he started sending sketches to famous couture stylists at an early age, Pierre Cardin was impressed by his talent and hired him as an assistant in 1970. Afterwards he worked with Jacques Esterel in 1971 and Jean Patou later that year and his first individual collection was released in 1976, and his characteristic irreverent style dating from 1981 has led to his being known as the enfant terrible of French fashion. In 1985, he introduced man-skirts and promoted their use, especially kilts, in mens wardrobe, Gaultier has also worked in close collaboration with Wolford Hosiery. This earned him criticism and enormous popularity. At the end of the 1980s, Gaultier suffered some losses, including his boyfriend and business partner Francis Menuge. In 1988 Gaultier released a single titled How To Do That on Fontana records from which came one of the first ever single title remix albums Aow Tou Dou Zat on Mercury records. The album includes mixes by Norman Cook, J. J. Jeczalik, George Shilling, Mark Saunders, Latin Rascals, David Dorrell, Tim Atkins, Carl Atkins, co-written & produced by Tony Mansfield, video directed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino. The album also featured a collaboration with accordion player Yvette Horner, starting in 1993, he co-hosted the Channel 4s program Eurotrash with Antoine de Caunes. Gaultier hosted the show until 1997, Gaultier was the creative director of Hermès from 2003 to 2010, where he succeeded Martin Margiela. He also designed furniture for the French furniture brand Roche Bobois. The exhibition in Paris, which took place from April to August 2015, was the subject of a documentary called Jean Paul Gaultier at the Grand Palais aired exclusively on Eurochannel. The Granny Gray hair color trend is attributed to Gualtier, whose Autumn/Winter 2011 show featured models in grey Beehives, in Spring 2015, his catwalk show at Paris Fashion Week featuring silver haired models again, as did the shows of other fashion designers, Chanel and Gareth Pugh. The trend soon took off among celebrities and the general public, in 2012, he was named as a member of the Jury for the Main Competition at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival
Jean Paul Gaultier
–
Jean Paul Gaultier
Jean Paul Gaultier
–
Corset with cone bra from the exhibition at the
ArtDes, 2013
Jean Paul Gaultier
–
Gaultier at the
2011 Cannes Film Festival.
Jean Paul Gaultier
–
Le Male
Perfume by Jean Paul Gaultier
24.
London Borough of Haringey
–
The London Borough of Haringey /ˈhærɪŋɡeɪ/ is a London borough in North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by others as part of Outer London. It was created in 1965 by the amalgamation of three former boroughs and it shares borders with six other London boroughs. Clockwise from the north, they are, Enfield, Waltham Forest, Hackney, Islington, Camden, Haringey covers an area of more than 11 square miles. Some of the familiar local landmarks include Alexandra Palace, Bruce Castle, Jacksons Lane, Highpoint I and II. Haringey is also a borough of contrasts geographically, from the wooded high ground around Highgate and Muswell Hill, at 426.5 feet, the land falls sharply away to the flat, open low-lying land beside the River Lea in the east. The borough includes large areas of space, which make up more than 25% of its total area. The local authority is Haringey London Borough Council, in March 2009, Haringey Councils performance was placed by the Audit Commission in the bottom four of the country and the worst in London. In December 2009, Haringeys performance was placed by Ofsted in the nine in the country for childrens services. The Councils Childrens Services has significantly improved over the last two years, a series of positive Ofsted inspections culminated in the service being taken out of special measures by the government in February 2013. In the Ice Age, Haringey was at the edge of a huge mass that reached as far south as Muswell Hill. There is evidence of both Stone Age and Bronze Age activity, prior to the Romans arrival, Haringey was part of a large area covering Essex and Middlesex which was home to a Celtic tribe called Trinobantes. The Romans presence is evidenced chiefly by the roads built through the area. Tottenham High Road was part of the main Roman thoroughfare of Ermine Street, There have also been Roman finds in the borough which suggests possible Roman settlement. In the 5th and 6th centuries the Saxon invasions brought Haering, Haringey remained a rural area until the 18th century when large country houses close to London became increasingly common. The new borough became part of the new Greater London Council, the names Haringey, Harringay and Hornsey in use today are all different variations of the same Old English, Haeringes-hege. Haering was a Saxon chief who lived probably in the area around Hornsey, Haerings Hege meant Haerings enclosure and evolved into Haringey, Harringay and Hornsey. The official heraldic arms were granted on 10 May 1965, after the mergers of the former Municipal Borough of Hornsey, the Municipal Borough of Wood Green and the Municipal Borough of Tottenham. Unlike most other London boroughs, it was decided not to create arms based on the charges in the coats of arms of the former boroughs, the coat of arms contains black and gold, representing stability, a cogwheel for industry and a rising sun for the new borough
London Borough of Haringey
–
South-west Haringey with the
City in the background, from
Alexandra Palace, one of the
highest points in London.
London Borough of Haringey
25.
Alexandra Palace
–
Alexandra Palace is a historic entertainment venue in Alexandra Park, London. It is located between Muswell Hill and Wood Green, in the north of the city and it was originally opened in 1873 but was rebuilt in 1875 following a destructive fire. It was designed to serve as a centre of recreation, education and entertainment. Intended as The Peoples Palace and later nicknamed Ally Pally, in 1936 it became the home of the worlds first regular public high-definition television service, operated by the BBC. Although other facilities soon superseded it after the war, Alexandra Palace continued to be used by the BBC for many years and its radio, the original studios A and B still survive in the south-east wing with their producers galleries and are used for exhibiting original historical television equipment. The original Victorian theatre with its stage machinery also survives, the theatre and stage structure is on English Heritages Buildings at Risk register. Alexandra Palace became a building in 1996, at the instigation of the Hornsey Historical Society. There is also a pub, ice rink and palm court, the Great Northern Palace Company had been established by 1860 but was initially unable to raise financing for the construction of The Palace of the People, as the project was initially called. The building stock was acquired from the 1862 International Exhibition held in South Kensington. Alexandra Park was opened to the public on 23 July 1863, however, the Palace of the People, or the Peoples Palace, remained as alternative names. In September 1865 construction commenced but to a design by John Johnson, the structure covers some 7.5 acres. In 1871 work started on a line to connect the site to Highgate station. Work on both the railway and the palace was completed in 1873 and, on 24 May of that year, Alexandra Palace, the palace was built by Lucas Brothers, who also built the Royal Albert Hall in South Kensington at around the same time. Sims Reeves sang on the day before an audience of 102,000. Only 16 days later, Alexandra Palace was destroyed by a fire also killed three members of staff. Only the outer walls survived, a exhibition of a collection of English pottery and porcelain. With typical Victorian vigour, it was rebuilt and reopened on 1 May 1875. The new Alexandra Palace contained a hall, art galleries
Alexandra Palace
–
Alexandra Palace
Alexandra Palace
–
The original Alexandra Palace on fire in 1873
Alexandra Palace
–
The rebuilt Palace in 1875
Alexandra Palace
–
The former
Alexandra Palace station, dwarfed by the building itself. It is now a community centre.
26.
Robbie Williams
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Robert Peter Robbie Williams is an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a member of the pop group Take That from 1990 to 1995 and he has also had commercial success as a solo artist. Williams rose to fame in Take Thats first run in the early-to-mid-1990s, Williams also released seven number-one singles. On 15 July 2010, he rejoined Take That, the groups subsequent album Progress became the second fastest-selling album in UK chart history and the fastest-selling record of the century at the time. Gary Barlow has since confirmed that Williams had left for a time, although the departure was amicable. He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom, in 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted the Greatest Artist of the 1990s. According to the British Phonographic Industry, Williams has been certified for 19.5 million albums and 6.8 million singles in the UK as a solo artist. Williams also topped the 2000–2010 UK airplay chart, racking up almost 50% more plays than the Sugababes at number 2, in 2014 he was awarded the freedom of his home town of Stoke-on-Trent, as well as having a tourist trail created and streets named in his honour. Williams was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire and his maternal grandfather was Irish and hailed from Kilkenny. Williams attended St Margaret Ward Catholic School in Tunstall, before attending dance school UKDDF in Tunstall and he participated in several school plays, and his biggest role was that of the Artful Dodger in a production of Oliver. In 1990, the sixteen-year-old Williams was the youngest member to join Take That, according to the documentary Take That, For the Record, his mother read an advertisement seeking members for a new boy band and suggested that he try out for the group. He met fellow member Mark Owen on the day of his audition/interview with Nigel Martin-Smith, during the heights of the bands popularity, Williams was known as the extrovert and cheeky practical joker of the band. However, he had conflicts with Martin-Smith over the rules for Take That members. In November 1994, Williamss drug abuse had escalated to the point of his having a drug overdose the night before the group was scheduled to perform at the MTV Europe Music Awards. Barlow explained in interviews that Williams had given up trying to offer creative input, during one of the last rehearsals before the tour commenced, the group confronted Williams about his attitude and stated they wanted to do the tour without him. He agreed to quit and left the group in July 1995, despite the departure of Williams, Take That completed their Nobody Else Tour as a four-piece band. They later disbanded on 13 February 1996, Williamss 22nd birthday, shortly afterwards, Williams was photographed by the press partying with the members of Oasis at Glastonbury Festival. Following his departure, he became the subject of shows and newspapers as he acknowledged his plans to become a solo singer
Robbie Williams
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Williams at the
2015 Cannes Film Festival
Robbie Williams
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Williams in London in 2000,
gesturing to a paparazzi photographer
Robbie Williams
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Williams at a concert in Vienna, Austria in 2006
Robbie Williams
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Williams performing in 2009
27.
Julian Clary
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Julian Peter McDonald Clary is an English comedian and novelist. Openly gay, Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s, since then he has also acted in films, television and stage productions, and was the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 10 in 2012. Clary was born in Surbiton, Surrey, to Brenda, an officer, and Peter J. Clary. He was brought up in Teddington with two older sisters, by his own account, he was conceived in broad daylight in Clacton-on-Sea in 1958. Two of his great-grandparents were Germans who immigrated to Britain at the end of the 19th century and he was raised a Catholic and educated at St Benedicts School, Ealing. He later studied English and drama at Goldsmiths College, University of London, Clary began his career under the name Leo Hurll, a fake keyboardist for pop band Thinkman. He entered the alternative scene in the early 1980s, first under the alias Gillian Pieface. He wore heavy glam make-up and dressed in clothes, often involving leather/PVC. His pet dog Fanny the Wonder Dog, a whippet, also featured in performances, in April 2014 he took the show to Australia and New Zealand. Clarys latest tour is titled The Joy of Mincing, and will tour the UK in 2016 and he was named as the Ambassador for the 2016 Adelaide Fringe comedy festival, responsible for promoting the festival internationally. He later starred in the 1992 audience participation sitcom Terry and Julian with Lee Simpson and his next series was the BBCs studio-based All Rise for Julian Clary in 1996, in which he played a judge in a mock courtroom setting. In 1992, he played a cameo guest star part in the BBC drama, in his episode, A Dream of Dracula, he played an undertaker, alongside other guest stars including Alfred Marks, Jill Gascoine, Ronald Fraser and Peggy Mount. He also appeared in an episode of the comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway. From 1998 to 2001, he hosted three series of the Sky TV show Prickly Heat, the first two series with Davina McCall, the last one with Denise van Outen. Additionally, from 1999 to 2002 he was the face of Daz laundry detergent, taking over from Shane Richie, Michael Barrymore and he is a recurring performer and one of the most popular performers in the ITV Pantos. In 1999, he became a captain on the quiz show Its Only TV. but I Like It along with Phill Jupitus. In 2003, he presented the first series of the Japanese TV clip show, in 2004, he took part in the BBC series Strictly Come Dancing, finishing third with his partner Erin Boag. In 2005, he hosted Come and Have A Go for the National Lottery, on 1 February 2006, he appeared on the BBC programme Who Do You Think You Are
Julian Clary
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Clary performing in
The Lovely Russell, June 2008
28.
Rotterdam
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Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, located in South Holland, within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte river by people settled around it for safety, in 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre. Nowadays it is home to Europes largest port and has a population of 633,471, ranking second in the Netherlands, just behind Amsterdam. The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1.4 million people, Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7,100,000. The city of Rotterdam is known for the Erasmus University, riverside setting, lively cultural life, the near-complete destruction of Rotterdams city centre during World War II has resulted in a varied architectural landscape including sky-scrapers, which are an uncommon sight in other Dutch cities. Rotterdam is home to some world-famous architecture from renowned architects like Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom, Ben van Berkel and others. Recently Rotterdam was listed eighth in The Rough Guide Top 10 Cities to Visit, the port of Rotterdam is the largest cargo port in Europe and the 10th largest in the world. Rotterdams logistic success is based on its location on the North Sea. The rivers Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, the extensive distribution system including rail, roads, and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nickname Gateway to Europe, and, conversely, Gateway to the World in Europe. The settlement at the end of the fen stream Rotte dates from at least 900 CE. A dam on the Rotte or Rotterdam was built in the 1260s and was located at the present-day Hoogstraat, on 7 July 1340, Count Willem IV of Holland granted city rights to Rotterdam, which then had approximately 2,000 inhabitants. The port of Rotterdam grew slowly but steadily into a port of importance, becoming the seat of one of the six chambers of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the greatest spurt of growth, both in port activity and population, followed the completion of the Nieuwe Waterweg in 1872. The city and harbor started to expand on the bank of the river. The Witte Huis or White House skyscraper, inspired by American office buildings and built in 1898 in the French Château-style, is evidence of Rotterdams rapid growth, when completed, it was the tallest office building in Europe, with a height of 45 m. During World War I the city was the worlds largest spy centre because of Dutch neutrality, many spies who were arrested and executed in Britain were led by German secret agents operating from Rotterdam. MI6 had its main European office on de Boompjes, from there the British coordinated espionage in Germany and occupied Belgium. In WWI an average of 25,000 Belgian refugees lived in the city, as well as hundreds of German deserters, during World War II, the German army invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Adolf Hitler had hoped to conquer the country in just one day, the Dutch army was finally forced to capitulate on 15 May 1940, following Hitlers bombing of Rotterdam on 14 May and threatening to bomb other Dutch cities
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
2017 MTV Europe Music Awards
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