1.
Canton, Ohio
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Canton is a city in and the county seat of Stark County, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1805 alongside the Middle and West Branches of Nimishillen Creek, however, its status in that regard began to decline during the late 20th century, as shifts in the manufacturing industry led to the relocation or repositioning of many factories. After this decline, the industry diversified into the service economy, including retailing, education, finance. Canton is located approximately 24 miles south of Akron, and 60 miles south of Cleveland, Canton lies on the outskirts of the greater northeast Ohio metropolitan area anchored by Cleveland, and is also a short distance away from the periphery of the greater Pittsburgh area. The city lies on the edge of Ohios extensive Amish country, particularly in Holmes and Wayne counties to the citys west and southwest. Canton is located along Interstate 77, U. S. Route 62, and the historic Lincoln Highway, the present-day U. S. Route 30, and is also the terminus of the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad. Canton is the largest incorporated area in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of the 2010 Census, the population was 404,422. Cantons city population declined 9. 7%, down to 73,007 residents, despite this decline, the 2010 figure actually moved Canton from ninth to eighth place among Ohio cities. Nearby Youngstown in Mahoning County, once more populous than Canton. Canton is chiefly notable for two reasons, the first is football, especially the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the formation in 1920 of what became the National Football League. The second is William McKinley, who conducted from his home in Canton the famed front porch campaign which won him the presidency of the United States in the 1896 election, the McKinley National Memorial and the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum commemorate his life and presidency. Canton was chosen as the site of the First Ladies National Historic Site largely in honor of his wife, Canton is currently experiencing an urban renaissance, anchored by its growing and thriving arts district centrally located in the downtown area. Several historic buildings have been rehabilitated and converted into upscale lofts, Canton was founded in 1805, incorporated as a village in 1822, and re-incorporated as a city in 1838. Bezaleel Wells, the surveyor who divided the land of the town, named it after Canton, the name was a memorial to a trader named John ODonnell, whom Wells admired. ODonnell had named his Maryland plantation after the Chinese city, as he had been the first person to transport goods from there to Baltimore, Canton was the adopted home of President William McKinley. Born in Niles, McKinley first practiced law in Canton around 1867, the city was his home during his successful campaign for Ohio governor, the site of his front-porch presidential campaign of 1896 and the campaign of 1900. Canton is now the site of the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum, Cantons street layout forms the basis for the system of addresses in Stark County. Canton proper is divided into quadrants by Tuscarawas Street and Market Avenue
Canton, Ohio
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Skyline of downtown Canton
Canton, Ohio
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Flag
Canton, Ohio
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Burial site of President William McKinley
Canton, Ohio
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William McKinley Presidential Library & Museum
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
3.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
Soul music
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James Brown
Soul music
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Al Green, influential soul performer
Soul music
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Levi Stubbs singing lead with the Four Tops in 1966
Soul music
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Isaac Hayes performing in 1973
4.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
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Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
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Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
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Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
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In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
5.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
Atlantic Records
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"Weird Al" Yankovic edits the Atlantic Records' Wikipedia page to read "YOU SUCK!" in the music video for the song "
White & Nerdy "
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Records logo as of 2015.
6.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
Epic Records
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Classic radial sound sunburst logo, used from the 1960s to 1973, revived in late 1998; used until 2005. Still used on Japanese operations. This logo was used on
Pearl Jam 's
Vitalogy in 1994,
No Code in 1996 and
Yield in February 1998.
Epic Records
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Epic Records
Epic Records
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Primary businesses
7.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records
8.
Concord Records
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Concord Records is an American record label based in Beverly Hills, California. The labels artists have won 14 Grammy Awards and 88 Grammy nominations, Concord issues live recordings from festivals and other venues, including a series of piano recitals from Maybeck Recital Hall in Berkeley, California, by many well-known pianists. Concords labels included Concord Picante for Latin jazz and Concord Concerto for classical music, Concord also includes The Jazz Alliance, founded around 1990 to issue programs from Marian McPartlands radio broadcast Piano Jazz. In 1999 Concord Records was purchased by a led by Hal Gaba. Its offices were moved from Concord to Beverly Hills in 2002 and its catalog was increased in 2004 with the purchase of Fantasy Records, which meant acquiring Prestige, Stax and Specialty. The company resulting from the merger came to be known as Concord Music Group and that same year, Concord partnered with Starbucks to release Ray Charless Genius Loves Company, which won eight Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. On December 19,2005, it was announced that the group had purchased Telarc Records and its subsidiary Heads Up, in 2007, Concord started the Hear Music label in association with Starbucks, signing such artists as Paul McCartney, Joni Mitchell, and John Mellencamp. Although Starbucks ceased to be a partner an year later, Concord kept Hear active, having a Top 5 album in 2010 with Carole King. In 2008, Village Roadshow Pictures Group and Concord Music Group completed their merger, kenny G signed to Concord in early 2008, Herb Alpert in early 2009. On June 5,2009, Dave Koz signed to Concord, Concord Music Group purchased Rounder Records in 2010. In 2010, it was announced that Paul McCartneys solo and Wings catalogs would be distributed by Concord Music Group. In March 2013, Wood Creek Capital purchased Concord Music Group from Village Entertainment, in December 2015, R. E. M. announced that they would transfer their Warner Bros. Records recordings from 1988 to 2011 to Concord Records. Casey Abrams Shayne Pilpel List of record labels
Concord Records
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Concord Records
9.
Natalie Cole
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Natalie Maria Cole was an American singer, voice actress, songwriter, and actress. The daughter of Nat King Cole, she rose to success in the mid-1970s as an R&B artist with the hits This Will Be, Inseparable. After a period of failing sales and performances due to a drug addiction, Cole re-emerged as a pop artist with the 1987 album Everlasting. In the 1990s, she re-recorded standards by her father, resulting in her biggest success, with Love, which sold over seven million copies and also won Cole seven Grammy Awards. She sold over 30 million records worldwide and she is best known for the role of herself in Yakety Yak, Take it Back, and Trash Talk, and the singing voice of Sawyer Cat in the Cats Dont Dance franchise. On December 31,2015, Cole died at the age of 65 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, regarding her childhood, Cole referred to her family as the black Kennedys and was exposed to many great singers of jazz, soul and blues. At the age of 6, Natalie sang on her fathers Christmas album, Cole grew up with an older adopted sister, Carole Cookie, adopted brother Nat Kelly Cole, and younger twin sisters Timolin and Casey. Her paternal uncle Freddy Cole is a singer and pianist with numerous albums, Cole enrolled in Northfield School for Girls, an elite New England preparatory school before her father died of lung cancer in February 1965. Soon afterwards she began having a relationship with her mother. She enrolled in the University of Massachusetts Amherst and she transferred briefly to University of Southern California where she pledged the Upsilon chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She later transferred back to the University of Massachusetts, where she majored in Child Psychology and minored in German, Cole grew up listening to a variety of artists from soul artists such as Aretha Franklin to psychedelic blues-rock icon Janis Joplin. After graduation she began singing at clubs with her band. Clubs initially welcomed her because she was Nat King Coles daughter, only to be disappointed when she began covering R&B, while performing, she was noted by a couple of producers in the Chicago area, Chuck Jackson and Marvin Yancy, who then approached her to do records. After cutting several records together, they passed off the music to record labels. Most labels turned them down with one exception, capitol Records, her fathers label, heard the records and agreed to sign her. In fact, Franklin later contended that such as This Will Be, I Cant Say No. Franklin turned most of the songs down but agreed to record the track for her album. Released in 1975, the became an instant success thanks to This Will Be
Natalie Cole
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Cole in May 2013
Natalie Cole
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Cole performing in 2007
10.
Velvet Revolver
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Velvet Revolver was an American hard rock supergroup consisting of former Guns N Roses members Slash, Duff McKagan, and Matt Sorum, alongside Dave Kushner formerly of punk band Wasted Youth. Original vocalist Scott Weiland formerly of Stone Temple Pilots left the band in 2008, in 2004, the band achieved commercial success with their debut album, Contraband. With their single Slither, they won the 2005 Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance, the band released Libertad in 2007, driven by the release of the single She Builds Quick Machines, and embarked on a tour with Alice in Chains. In April 2008, Weiland left Velvet Revolver and reunited with Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver was put on indefinite hiatus in April 2008. The release of Slashs self-titled debut solo album and Duff McKagans addition to the Janes Addiction lineup seemed to put the future of the band in doubt, however, McKagan left Janes Addiction a few months after joining. Slash and McKagan have since rejoined Guns N Roses, Slash, Duff McKagan, and Matt Sorum were members of the hard rock band Guns N Roses. However, a relationship with singer Axl Rose resulted in Slash, in 1996. By 2001, Slashs Snakepit had disbanded for the second time, Slash began working with The Black Crowes drummer Steve Gorman and an unnamed bassist on a new project, writing the music for what would become Fall to Pieces. McKagan reformed Loaded, previously his band for the tour in support of Beautiful Disease, McKagan also added both Mike Squires and Jeff Rouse to the lineup. Following a tour of Japan in 2002, former Zilch, Wasted Youth, Electric Love Hogs, during a Loaded show at West Hollywoods Viper Room, McKagan introduced Kushner to Slash, who were previously friends in junior high and high school. Kushner was invited to jam with the group and was invited to join with Slash. There was no deliberation, that was it, it was a perfect fit and their former Guns N Roses band mate Izzy Stradlin also joined them for two weeks, eventually suggesting that Duff and will sing and will just do a club tour in a van. Slash states in his autobiography that it was hard to tell if Stradlin was serious or kidding, after auditioning Kelly Shaefer of Atheist and Neurotica, Stradlin left the group. While Shaefers audition was unsuccessful, the quartet continued auditioning for a lead singer, the resulting documentary was aired as VH1 Inside Out, The Rise of Velvet Revolver. Myles Kennedy, formerly of The Mayfield Four, declined an invitation from Sorum to audition, ian Astbury of The Cult and Mike Patton of Faith No More also declined audition offers. The band were interested in auditioning Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland. Weiland once played on the bill as Kushner, and was in rehab at the same time as Sorum. Weiland was sent two discs of material, and felt that the first disc sounded like Bad Company gone wrong
Velvet Revolver
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Velvet Revolver live at the
Hammersmith Apollo in
London on June 5, 2007. From left to right:
Dave Kushner,
Duff McKagan,
Scott Weiland,
Slash,
Matt Sorum
Velvet Revolver
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Guitarist
Slash performing at a concert in
Nijmegen.
Velvet Revolver
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Velvet Revolver performing at
Download Festival in 2005.
Velvet Revolver
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Bassist Duff McKagan performing at
Gods of Metal in 2007.
11.
Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas is an American group, consisting of rappers will. i. am, apl. de. ap, Taboo, and singer Fergie. Originally an alternative hip hop group, they changed their musical sound to pop and dance-pop music. Although the group was founded in Los Angeles in 1995, it was not until the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003 that they achieved record sales. Since that time, the group has sold an estimated 76 million records, according to Nielsen SoundScan, the Black Eyed Peas were the second-best-selling artist/group of all time for downloaded tracks, with over 42 million sales as of the end of 2011. Their first major hit was the 2003 single Where Is the Love, from Elephunk, which topped the charts in 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britains biggest selling single of 2003. Another European hit single from the album was Shut Up. Their fourth album, Monkey Business, was an even bigger success, certified 4× Platinum in the U. S. and spawning four singles, Dont Phunk with My Heart, Dont Lie, My Humps. I Gotta Feeling became the first single to more than one million downloads in the United Kingdom. The Black Eyed Peas were ranked 12th on Billboards Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade, at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony, held in January 2010, they won three awards out of six nominations. In November 2010, they released the album The Beginning, in February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show. The Black Eyed Peas date back to 1988, when eighth-graders William Adams and Allan Pineda met, the pair signed to Ruthless Records in 1992, catching the attention of Eazy-E manager Jerry Hellers nephew. Along with another friend of theirs, Dante Santiago, they called their trio Atban Klann, will 1X, apl. de. ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8, and Dante Santiago formed Atban Klann. Their debut album, Grass Roots, was never released due to Ruthless records founder Eazy-Es death, after Eazy-E died in 1995, Atban Klann reformed and changed their name to Black Eyed Pods, and then Black Eyed Peas. Dante Santiago was replaced with Jaime Gomez, and Kim Hill became a background singer. Unlike the gangsta rap sounds of Los Angeles-based hip hop acts at the time, after being signed to Interscope Records and releasing their debut, Behind the Front the group earned critical acclaim. One of the singles from the album was Joints & Jam, singer Sierra Swan joined in 1998, appearing on the 1998 song Fallin Up, before she left in 2000. Their second album, Bridging the Gap, produced the singles Weekends featuring Esthero, Hill left the band while producing the album, but was still featured on the album tracks for Hot and Tell Your Mama Come as well as in the video for Weekends. Their third album Elephunk began development on November 2,2001 and it was the first album to feature the vocals of current member Fergie
Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing at Walmart Meeting
Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas signing autographs in 2004.
Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing on August 24, 2006
Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing on October 7, 2009
12.
Norman Cook
–
Norman Quentin Cook, also known by his stage name Fatboy Slim, is an English DJ, musician and record producer/mixer. As a solo act, he has won ten MTV Video Music Awards. His records as Fatboy Slim also helped to popularise the big beat genre, Cook first rose to fame in the 1980s as the bassist of the indie rock band The Housemartins who scored a UK number-one single with their a cappella cover of Isley-Jasper-Isleys Caravan of Love. Cook then went on to numerous other acts, including Freak Power, Pizzaman. Cook adopted the Fatboy Slim moniker in 1996 and released Better Living Through Chemistry to critical acclaim, in 2008, Cook founded a project called The Brighton Port Authority. Cook has been responsible for successful remixes for Cornershop, Beastie Boys, A Tribe Called Quest, Groove Armada, Quentin Leo Cook was born in Bromley, raised in Reigate, Surrey, England, and educated at Reigate Grammar School. He played drums in Disque Attack, a British new wave-influenced rock band, when frontman Charlie Alcock was told by his parents that he had to give up the band to concentrate on his O levels, Cook took over as lead vocalist. At The Railway Tavern in Reigate, Cook met Paul Heaton with whom he formed the Stomping Pondfrogs. At 18, Cook went to Brighton Polytechnic to read a B. A. in English, politics, and sociology, in 1985, Cooks friend Paul Heaton had formed a guitar band called The Housemartins. Their bassist left on the eve of their first national tour, the band soon had a hit single with Happy Hour, and their two albums, London 0 Hull 4 and The People Who Grinned Themselves to Death, peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Albums Chart. They also reached number one just before Christmas 1986 with a version of Caravan of Love, however, by 1988 they had split up. Heaton and the bands drummer Dave Hemingway went on to form The Beautiful South and it was at this time that he first started working with young studio engineer Simon Thornton, with whom he continues to make records. All of Cooks records released from that point onwards have involved both of them to varying degrees, Cook achieved his first solo hit in 1989, featuring his future Beats International member MC Wildski, called Blame It on the Bassline. MC Wildski, the song followed the template of what was to come in the style of the music of Beats International. It became a modest hit in the UK Singles Chart, reaching number 29, Cook formed Beats International, a loose confederation of studio musicians including vocalists Lindy Layton, Lester Noel, D. J. Baptiste, rapper MC Wildski, and keyboardist Andy Boucher. O. S and this bankrupted Cook as he lost the case and was ordered to pay back twice the royalties made on the record. The 1991 follow-up album Excursion on the Version, an exploration of dub and reggae music, failed to repeat the success of its predecessor, Cook then formed Freak Power with horn player Ashley Slater and singer Jesse Graham. They released their debut album Drive-Thru Booty in 1994, which contained the single Turn On, Tune In, the cut was picked up by the Levis company for use in a multimillion-dollar advertising campaign
Norman Cook
–
Fatboy Slim in 2004.
Norman Cook
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Button Badge created by Cook (circa 1979) for his band Disque Attack in which he played drums and for whom he was later lead vocalist.
Norman Cook
–
Cook performing at the first "Beach Party" in
Portrush, 2006.
Norman Cook
–
Cook performing at the
2013 Glastonbury Festival.
13.
Billie Holiday
–
Eleanora Fagan, professionally known as Billie Holiday, was an American jazz musician and singer-songwriter with a career spanning nearly thirty years. Nicknamed Lady Day by her friend and music partner Lester Young, Holiday had a influence on jazz music. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and she was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills, which made up for her limited range and lack of formal music education. There were other singers with equal talent, but Holiday had a voice that captured the attention of her audience. After a turbulent childhood, Holiday began singing in nightclubs in Harlem, where she was heard by the producer John Hammond and she signed a recording contract with Brunswick Records in 1935. Collaborations with Teddy Wilson yielded the hit What a Little Moonlight Can Do, Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Holiday had mainstream success on labels such as Columbia Records and Decca Records. By the late 1940s, however, she was beset with legal troubles, after a short prison sentence, she performed a sold-out concert at Carnegie Hall, but her reputation deteriorated because of her drug and alcohol problems. Her final recordings were met with mixed reaction to her voice but were mild commercial successes. Her final album, Lady in Satin, was released in 1958, Holiday died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1959. A posthumous album, Last Recording, was released following her death, much of Holidays material has been rereleased since her death. She is considered a performer with an ongoing influence on American music. She is the recipient of four Grammy awards, all of them posthumous awards for Best Historical Album, Holiday herself was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1973. Lady Sings the Blues, a film about her life, starring Diana Ross, was released in 1972, Eleanora Fagan was born on April 7,1915, in Philadelphia, the daughter of Sarah Julia Sadie Fagan and Clarence Holiday, an unmarried teenaged couple. Her father did not live with her mother, not long after Eleanora was born, Clarence abandoned his family to pursue a career as a jazz banjo player and guitarist. Sarah moved to Philadelphia at age 19, after she was evicted from her parents home in the Sandtown-Winchester neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, for becoming pregnant. With no support from her parents, she made arrangements with her older, married half-sister, Eva Miller, the child was of African-American ancestry and was also said to have had Irish ancestors through her mothers mixed heritage. Her mother often took what were known as transportation jobs. Holidays autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues, first published in 1956, is sketchy on details of her early life, some historians have disputed Holidays paternity, as a copy of her birth certificate in the Baltimore archives lists the father as a man named Frank DeViese
Billie Holiday
–
At the
Downbeat club, in
New York. c. February 1947
Billie Holiday
–
Holiday aged 2 in 1917
Billie Holiday
–
Billie Holiday and her dog Mister, New York, c. June 1946
Billie Holiday
–
Billie Holiday,
Downbeat club, New York, c. February 1947.
14.
Grammy Award
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
Grammy Award
–
Grammy Awards
Grammy Award
15.
Training Day
–
Training Day is a 2001 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua, written by David Ayer, and starring Denzel Washington and Ethan Hawke. The story follows two LAPD narcotics officers over a 24-hour period in the neighborhoods of the LAPD Rampart Division. The film was released on October 5,2001 and grossed $104 million worldwide, Washingtons performance as Detective Alonzo Harris, a departure from his usual roles, was particularly praised and earned him an Oscar for Best Actor at the 74th Academy Awards. His co-star Ethan Hawke was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as rookie cop, riding around in Alonzos car, they begin the day by catching some college kids buying cannabis from a MS-13 gang member. After smoking it, Alonzo informs him that the weed was laced with PCP and they then pay a brief visit to Roger, an old friend of Alonzos who is also a drug dealer and former police officer. Back in the car, Jake notices a girl being sexually assaulted. Alonzo tells the girl to leave and allows the men to go free, Jake finds the girls wallet on the ground and takes it. Alonzo and Jake later apprehend a wheelchair-bound dealer named Blue, finding crack rocks, in exchange for his freedom, Blue reveals his associate, Kevin Sandman Miller, who is in prison. Alonzo takes Jake to Sandmans home in Watts, where he uses a search warrant to steal $40,000 from the premises. However, Sandmans wife realizes the scam and calls out to nearby gang members, for lunch, the duo visit Alonzos Salvadoran mistress, Sara, and their young son at Baldwin Village. Alonzo thus gives them Sandmans drug money for an arrest warrant, Alonzo then kills Roger and arranges for the scene to appear like a justified shooting. Jake refuses to cooperate and after being threatened, seizes Alonzos shotgun, however, Alonzo calms his associates and claims that the LAPD will run a blood test on Jake, the result of which he can falsify in exchange for Jakes cooperation. Alonzo drives Jake to the home of a Sureño named Smiley and he furtively abandons Jake as Jake reluctantly plays poker with Smiley and his fellow gang members. A tense conversation ensues in which Smiley reveals Alonzos situation, by midnight, Alonzo must pay $1 million to the Russian Mafia for killing one of their men in Las Vegas, or be killed himself. Jake realizes too late that Alonzo had paid Smiley to kill him, the gang search Jake to find the wallet dropped by the teenage girl, who is revealed to be Smileys cousin. Smiley calls her, who confirms that Jake risked his life to defend her, in gratitude, Smiley lets Jake go. Jake returns to Saras apartment and attempts to arrest Alonzo, but a gunfight and chase ensues, the local gang members and residents begin congregating to watch. Alonzo tries to get the crowd on his side by offering a reward to whoever kills Jake, Alonzo attempts to flee via Los Angeles International Airport, but is found and killed by Russian Mafia hitmen in a street shooting
Training Day
–
Theatrical release poster
16.
Spider-Man (2002 film)
–
Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi. Exercising its option on just two elements from the acquisition, Sony hired David Koepp to create a working screenplay. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, the Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during preproduction and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles, and New York City from January 8 to June 30,2001, Spider-Man premiered in the Philippines on April 30,2002, and had its general release in the United States on May 3,2002. It became a critical and financial success, for its time, it was the only film to reach $100 million in its first weekend, had the largest opening weekend gross of all time, and was the most successful film based on a comic book. With $821.7 million worldwide, it was 2002s third-highest-grossing film and is the 56th-highest-grossing film of all time, the film was nominated at the 75th Academy Awards ceremony for Best Visual Effects and Best Sound Mixing. Due to the success of the film, Columbia Pictures and Marvel released two sequels, Spider-Man 2 in 2004, and Spider-Man 3 in 2007, high-school senior Peter Parker is a school outcast and bully victim. On a school trip, he visits a genetics laboratory with his friend Harry Osborn. There, Peter is bitten by a genetically engineered super spider, shortly after arriving home, he becomes ill and falls unconscious. Meanwhile, Harrys father, scientist Norman Osborn, owner of Oscorp, is attempting to secure an important military weapons contract and he experiments on himself with an unstable performance-enhancing chemical. After absorbing the chemical, he goes insane, kills his assistant, the next morning, Peter discovers that he is no longer near-sighted, and his body has metamorphosized into a more muscular physique. At school, he finds that his body can produce webs from the wrists, brushing off his Uncle Bens advice that with great power comes great responsibility, Peter considers impressing Mary Jane with a car. He enters a wrestling tournament and wins his first match. When a thief suddenly raids the promoters office, Peter allows him to escape in revenge, moments later, he discovers that Ben has been carjacked and shot, dying in Peters arms. Overcome with anger and vengeance, Peter corners, subdues and tries to kill the carjacker, the thief attempts to flee, but trips and falls out a window to his death instead. Meanwhile, at Oscorps chief competitor Quest Aerospace, during a weapons test Norman kills several scientists, upon graduating, Peter begins using his abilities to fight crime, donning a costume and the persona of Spider-Man. J. Norman, upon learning Oscorps board members plan to sell the company, attacks them at the World Unity Fair, jameson quickly dubs the mysterious killer the Green Goblin. The Goblin offers Spider-Man a place at his side, but gives him time to think about it, meanwhile, after meeting Peter again, Mary Jane is followed by four men down an alley
Spider-Man (2002 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Spider-Man (2002 film)
–
Original Spider-Man teaser poster, which was recalled from theatres following
9/11 (the World Trade Center is reflected in Spider-Man's eyes)
17.
Scary Movie 3
–
The film stars Anna Faris and Regina Hall reprising their roles as Cindy Campbell and Brenda Meeks, respectively. New cast members include Charlie Sheen, Simon Rex, Anthony Anderson, Kevin Hart and it is the first film in the series to feature no involvement from the Wayans family. The characters of Shorty Meeks and Ray Wilkins, previously played by Shawn and Marlon Wayans, do not appear, the films plot significantly parodies the films The Ring, Signs, The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, and 8 Mile. It opened to mixed reviews critics, who praised its consistent humor and satire, but criticized many other aspects such as casting, plot. The film was a box office success, grossing $220.7 million worldwide and it is the last film in the series to be released by The Walt Disney Companys subsidiary Miramax Films, under the brand Dimension Films. After Dimension Films brand left Disney, Scary Movie 4 became the first film to be released by The Weinstein Company and it was named the 2004 Teen Choice Awards in the category of Choice Movie, Your Parents Didnt Want You to See. Katie and Becca are talking about a tape, which Katie believes is a sex tape, after several odd occurrences, they both die. Meanwhile, in a farm outside Washington, D. C. widowed farmer Tom Logan and his clumsy brother George discover a crop circle, meanwhile, Cindy Campbell, now a blonde news reporter, announces the crop circles on the news. She then goes to pick up her paranormally endowed nephew Cody from school, George Logan arrives to pick up his niece Sue, who is in the same class. Cindy falls in love with George, who invites her and Brenda to a rap-battle that evening with his rapper friends Mahalik, George competes and proves to be actually quite talented, but due to unintentional racist blunders, hes thrown out. Later, Brenda asks Cindy to keep her company, since she watched the cursed videotape, after playing several pranks on Cindy, she gets the rest of the popcorn in the lounge, when the TV turns on. Brenda fails to turn it off, Tabitha climbs out of the well and the TV, Brenda gets into a fight with Tabitha. Tabitha ends up killing Brenda, since Cindy is ignoring the ruckus, George receives a phone call about the death, and Tom meets with Sayaman, who apologizes for the accident involving himself and Toms wife Annie. Later, Cindy decides to watch the tape, finding it odd and she then gets a phone call, saying shell die in a week. She calls George, CJ and Mahalik for help, CJ offers that his Aunt Shaneequa might be able to help. Aunt Shaneequa, the Matrix Oracle, and her husband Orpheus agree to watch the tape, Shaneequa discovers the hidden image of a lighthouse, and gets into a fight with Tabithas mother. Shaneequa tells Cindy to find the lighthouse to break the curse, when Cindy returns home, she finds Cody watched the tape. Back at work, Cindy searches through pictures of lighthouses before finding the one from the tape, Cindy ventures to the lighthouse, where she encounters The Architect
Scary Movie 3
–
Theatrical release poster
18.
Idlewild (film)
–
Idlewild is an American musical film, released August 25,2006, written and directed by Bryan Barber. The film stars André3000 and Big Boi of the hip hop duo Outkast, and Idlewild features musical numbers written, produced, Idlewild contrasts Outkasts hip-hop/funk/soul sound against a story based on a juke joint in the fictional Depression-era town of Idlewild, Georgia in 1935. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the film is a Universal and HBO Films production with Mosaic Media Group, Percival and Rooster have been good friends since childhood. However, as they grow up, they begin to live separate lives. Percival works at his father Percy Seniors morgue during the day, Rooster becomes a singer at the club and a bootlegger, he also gets married to Zora, with whom he has three children. One night when Rooster shows up late to the club, everyone becomes upset and rowdy including gangsters Spats, Trumpy, Ace and Rose who have a deal with the club. Finally Rooster shows up and performs, Rooster, Spats, Trumpy, Spats wishes to get out of the business, and is willing to sell out to Ace. Meanwhile, backstage, a singer from St. Louis named Angel Davenport comes into the club and starts to complain about her train ride, Angel is actually an imposter, she is really an aspiring singer named Sally B. Shelley, who stole the contract from the real Davenport, Rooster and Rose have sex in a car in a warehouse until they hear people coming into the warehouse, Rose jumps out of the car, gets dressed and confronts Spats, Trumpy and Ace who have just arrived. Rose then runs off, Trumpy then shoots and kills Spats, meanwhile, Rooster runs into Trumpy while taking his family shopping and Trumpy explains that the debt owed by Ace is now his problem. He has to come up with money by selling liquor at Church bought from Trumpys suppliers. Rooster goes to Roses house to warn her, but she is packed up. As Rose drives away in a taxi, she is being watched by one of Trumpys henchmen, meanwhile, Rooster begins to have more problems at the club, and forces Angel to sing. Angel has an attack of stage fright, but Percival calms her by giving her a song that he wrote for her, the song is a hit, and Angel becomes an overnight star, she and Percival also fall in love. During a storm, Angel runs over to the morgue to be with Percival, roosterss wife Zora gets tired of his cheating and moves with their children to her mothers house. Angel gets a deal in Chicago and asks Percival to go with her. When Angel finds out that Percival knows who she really is, however, she pledges her love to him, Rooster devises a plan to buy liquor from bootlegger GW and his partner. One day, Rooster is making his rounds to pick up hooch from GW to load in a hearse borrowed from Percival and he approaches the car to see an old woman, Mother Hopkins, and her grandchildren
Idlewild (film)
–
Promotional poster
19.
For Colored Girls
–
For Colored Girls is a 2010 American drama film adapted from Ntozake Shanges 1975 original choreopoem for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf. The film depicts the lives of nine women, exploring their lives and struggles as women of color. It is the first film to be produced by 34th Street Films, an imprint of Tyler Perry Studios and it is also the first and only R-rated film, to date in the series. With a budget of $21 million, For Colored Girls was released on November 5,2010, the films lead cast consists of nine African-American women, seven of whom are based on the plays seven characters, only known by color. Like its source material, each character deals with a different personal conflict, such as love, abandonment, rape, infidelity, and abortion. Additionally, the characters of Alice Adrose, who represents white, and Gilda, the film opens with the nine main characters reciting a poem of their inner thoughts. Kelly arrives at Tangies brownstone to see Crystal about the safety of her children, at that time, Juanita arrives to leave her lover, Frank, a potted plant and telling him that she is breaking off their affair. Kelly attempts to speak with Crystals children on how they ended up in the hospital, Crystals nosy neighbor and apartment manager, Gilda, informs Kelly of Crystals situation and reveals she was the one who called her. Meanwhile, Alice, Tangies mother, shows up to beseech Tangie for money, Alice goes out to raise money, and encounters Yasmine, who gives her a little money. Yasmine is boasting to the girls in her class about Bill, a man she met on the subway. One of Yasmines dance students, Nyla, is talking with the girls about her night and losing her virginity. Meanwhile, Kellys husband, Donald, and his partner Renee arrest two men performing oral sex in public, Juanita is waiting in Jos office at Robe Rouge, a fictional magazine company. Crystal shows up for work, having been running late and informs Jo that her 9 oclock appointment has arrived, Juanita is then allowed in to interest Jo in giving some money to a non-profit organization that specializes in womens health care, but is rudely rebuffed. Kelly is with Donald at the gynecologist, who informs Kelly that she cannot have children due to scarring in her fallopian tubes caused by an untreated STD, so, Kelly runs off without an explanation. Juanita is at the hospital giving advice on sex to women when Frank comes along to ask for forgiveness. Tangie, who works as a bartender, finds a man on business. That same night, Crystal implores Beau Willie to stop drinking, at a restaurant, Jo leaves a voice message on her husbands, Carl, phone, imploring him to call her. At that same restaurant, Yasmine and Bill have a date night together
For Colored Girls
–
Theatrical release poster
20.
I Try
–
I Try is a hit song co-written and recorded by American musician Macy Gray. It was released in September 27,1999, outside of United States and it is Grays biggest hit to date. It peaked at six in the United Kingdom, number five in the United States, and number one in Australia, New Zealand. Due to its success, the song was featured on the 2000 compilation album Now Thats What I Call Music,4 At the 2001 Grammy Awards, I Try won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, and was nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. It remains Grays biggest hit single in the USA to date, in 2010, the song was featured in an episode of The Office. It was also featured in the series 2 finale of Mrs. Browns Boys during which it was sung by Brendan OCarroll, at the end of the video, Gray is shown to still be in her hotel room. It is implied that she may have been dreaming the entire time, at the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, the video won Best New Artist and was nominated for Best Female Video and Best New Artist in a Video
I Try
–
"I Try"
21.
Multi-platinum
–
Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
Multi-platinum
–
A gold record for
The Beatles '
Hey Jude
Multi-platinum
–
Gold record presented to
Artie Schroeck for his arrangement on "
Can't Take My Eyes Off You ", 1967
Multi-platinum
–
Boy band
Plus One displaying their gold records.
Multi-platinum
–
Somali singer
Saado Ali Warsame receiving a gold record Lifetime Achievement Award.
22.
On How Life Is
–
On How Life Is is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Macy Gray, released on July 1,1999 by Epic Records. Produced by Andrew Slater, it became Grays best-selling album to date, selling 3.2 million copies in the United States and seven million copies worldwide. The albums second single, I Try, became an hit, topping the charts in Australia, Ireland. The song also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2001, on How Life Is was met with highly positive reviews from music critics upon its release, with many praising Grays songwriting and vocal performance. Q rated the album four out of five stars, calling it a confident, all lyrics written by Macy Gray. Sampling credits Do Something contains a sample of Git Up, Git Out by OutKast, ive Committed Murder contains a sample of Live Right Now by Eddie Harris and an interpolation of Love Story by Francis Lai & His Orchestra. A Moment to Myself contains a sample of Human Beat Box by The Fat Boys, excerpts of The Wildstyle by Time Zone, credits adapted from the liner notes of On How Life Is
On How Life Is
–
On How Life Is
23.
Binaural recording
–
This effect is often created using a technique known as dummy head recording, wherein a mannequin head is outfitted with a microphone in each ear. Binaural recording is intended for replay using headphones and will not translate properly over stereo speakers. Conventional stereo recordings do not factor in natural ear spacing or head shadow of the head and ears, since these things happen naturally as a person listens, generating their own ITDs and ILDs. For listening using conventional speaker-stereo, or mp3 players, a dummy head may be preferable for quasi-binaural recording. As a general rule, for true binaural results, a recording and reproduction system chain, from microphone to listeners brain, should contain one and only one set of pinnae. With a simple recording method, two microphones are placed 18 cm apart facing away from each other and this method will not create a real binaural recording. The distance and placement roughly approximates the position of an average humans ear canals, more elaborate techniques exist in pre-packaged forms. The Neumann KU-81, and KU-100 are the most commonly used binaural packages, a simplified version of binaural recordings can be achieved using microphones with a separating element, like the Jecklin Disk. Not all cues required for localization of the sound sources can be preserved this way. In the late 1960s, Aiwa and Sony offered headphones with a pair of microphones mounted on the headband around two inches above the ears and these allowed pseudo-binaural recordings to be made. Miniature binaural in-ear or near-ear microphones can be linked to a portable Digital Audio Tape or MiniDisc recorder, the first clip-in binaural microphones using the recordists own head were offered by Sennheiser in 1974. The first clip-on binaural microphones using the recordists own head were offered by Core Sound LLC in 1989, the first completely in-ear binaural microphones using the recordists own head were offered by Sound Professionals in 1999. Roland Corporation also offers its CS-10EM in-ear binaural microphone set, the technique of binaural re-recording is simple, but has not been well established. Using space to manipulate a sound and then being re-recorded is also nothing new as it is something that has been done through the use of echo-chambers in recording studios for many years. In 1959, an echo-chamber was famously used by Irving Townsend during the post production process of Miles Daviss 1959 album Kind of Blue, in binaural re-recording, a binaural microphone is used to record content being played over a multi-channel speaker set-up. The binaural head, or microphone, is therefore theoretically making a recording of how humans will hear multi-channel content and this method, like certain binaural recordings made with a Neumann KU100 or HATS model for example, can produce convincing 3D sound. There is the issue of listeners simply not being able to understanding binaural recordings. However this issue is common among all binaural recording, and isnt an issue to re-recording
Binaural recording
–
A dummy head being used for binaural recording, where the second microphone is obscured
24.
Audiophile
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An audiophile is a person enthusiastic about high-fidelity sound reproduction. Audiophile values may be applied at all stages of reproduction, the initial audio recording, the production process, and the playback. A key goal of audiophiles is to capture the experience of a musical performance in a room with good acoustics. It is widely agreed that this is difficult and that even the best-regarded recording and playback systems rarely, if ever. The term High-end audio refers to equipment used by audiophiles. An audio system typically consists of one or more components, one or more amplification components. Signal cables are used to link these components, the interaction between the loudspeakers and the room plays an important part in sound quality. Sound vibrations are reflected from walls, floor and ceiling, and are affected by the contents of the room, room dimensions can create standing waves at particular frequencies. There are devices and materials for room treatment that affect sound quality, soft materials, such as draperies and carpets, can absorb higher frequencies, whereas hard walls and floors can cause excess reverberation. Since the early 1990s, CDs have become the most common source of high-quality music, nevertheless, turntables, tonearms, and magnetic cartridges are still used, despite the difficulties of keeping records free from dust and the delicate set-up associated with turntables. The 44.1 kHz sampling rate of the CD format, in theory, restricts CD information losses to above the theoretical limit of human hearing –20 kHz. Despite this, newer formats such as DVD-Audio and Super Audio Compact Disc, have sampling rates of 88.2 kHz or 96 kHz or even higher, CD audio signals are encoded in 16-bit values. Some higher-definition consumer formats such as HDCD-encoded CDs contain 20-bit and even 24-bit audio streams, with more bits more dynamic range is possible,20 bit dynamic range is theoretically 120 dB—the limit of most consumer electronic playback equipment. MP3 encoding, widely used in audio devices, is an example of lossy compression. A preamplifier selects among several audio inputs, amplifies source-level signals, many audiophile-oriented preamplifiers lack tone controls. A power amplifier takes the line-level audio signal from the preamplifier, an integrated amplifier combines the functions of power amplification with input switching and volume and tone control. Both pre/power combinations and integrated amplifiers are used by audiophiles. Audiophile amplifiers are based on solid-state technology, vacuum-tube technology, or hybrid technology—semiconductors
Audiophile
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Modern turntable.
Audiophile
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Top-loading CD player and external D-to-A converter.
Audiophile
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Quad II, an early monoblock valve (vacuum tube) amplifier.
25.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
Ohio
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The Ohio coast of
Lake Erie.
Ohio
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Flag
Ohio
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Columbus Cleveland
Ohio
26.
Marilyn Manson
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Brian Hugh Warner, better known by the stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, composer, actor, painter, author and former music journalist. His stage name was formed by combining and juxtaposing the names of two American pop cultural icons, actress Marilyn Monroe and cult leader Charles Manson. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had eight releases debut in the top ten. Manson has been ranked number 44 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader, Manson made his film debut in 1997 as an actor in David Lynchs Lost Highway. Since then he has appeared in a variety of minor roles and he was interviewed in Michael Moores political documentary Bowling for Columbine, discussing possible motivations for the 1999 Columbine massacre and allegations that his music was somehow a factor. On September 13–14,2002, his first art show, The Golden Age of Grotesque, was held at the Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions center. Manson revealed a series of 20 paintings in 2010 entitled Genealogies of Pain, an exhibition showcased at Kunsthalle gallery in Vienna, Austria, which the artist collaborated on with David Lynch. Warner and guitarist Scott Daisy Berkowitz Putesky formed Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids following conversations at the Reunion Room in Fort Lauderdale, the name was later shortened to Marilyn Manson. In 1993, the band drew the attention of Trent Reznor, Reznor produced their 1994 debut album, Portrait of an American Family and released it on his Nothing Records label. The band began to develop a following, which grew larger on the Downward Spiral Tour that featured Nine Inch Nails. That EP yielded the bands first big MTV hit with Sweet Dreams, antichrist Superstar was an even greater success. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded two platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had seven releases debut in the top ten. Manson first worked as a producer with the band Jack Off Jill and he helped name the band and produced most of the bands early recordings, and also played guitar on the song My Cat and had the band open most of his South Florida shows. Manson later wrote the notes to the bands album Humid Teenage Mediocrity 1992–1996. Manson has appeared as a guest performer on DMXs album Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood, in 2011 it was revealed that Manson was to appear on the singer Skylar Greys album Invinsible on the track entitled Cant Haunt Me. Manson released his studio album, Born Villain, in May 2012. On November 10,2014, Manson posted via his official Facebook page that his studio album, The Pale Emperor. On August 15,2015, Manson had New Orleans brass ensemble the Soul Rebels perform Beautiful People with him live in Japan at the Summer Sonic Music Festival, shooter Jennings album Countach features Manson performing guest vocals on a cover of David Bowies Cat People
Marilyn Manson
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Manson performing in 2009
Marilyn Manson
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Manson at the 2006
Festival de Cannes
Marilyn Manson
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Manson in December 2007
Marilyn Manson
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Manson during the
Mechanical Animals Tour.
27.
University of Southern California
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The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
University of Southern California
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The Widney Alumni House, the campus's first building
University of Southern California
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University of Southern California
University of Southern California
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"
Tommy Trojan " is a major symbol of the university, though he is not the mascot.
University of Southern California
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Doheny Library
28.
The Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas is an American group, consisting of rappers will. i. am, apl. de. ap, Taboo, and singer Fergie. Originally an alternative hip hop group, they changed their musical sound to pop and dance-pop music. Although the group was founded in Los Angeles in 1995, it was not until the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003 that they achieved record sales. Since that time, the group has sold an estimated 76 million records, according to Nielsen SoundScan, the Black Eyed Peas were the second-best-selling artist/group of all time for downloaded tracks, with over 42 million sales as of the end of 2011. Their first major hit was the 2003 single Where Is the Love, from Elephunk, which topped the charts in 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britains biggest selling single of 2003. Another European hit single from the album was Shut Up. Their fourth album, Monkey Business, was an even bigger success, certified 4× Platinum in the U. S. and spawning four singles, Dont Phunk with My Heart, Dont Lie, My Humps. I Gotta Feeling became the first single to more than one million downloads in the United Kingdom. The Black Eyed Peas were ranked 12th on Billboards Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade, at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony, held in January 2010, they won three awards out of six nominations. In November 2010, they released the album The Beginning, in February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show. The Black Eyed Peas date back to 1988, when eighth-graders William Adams and Allan Pineda met, the pair signed to Ruthless Records in 1992, catching the attention of Eazy-E manager Jerry Hellers nephew. Along with another friend of theirs, Dante Santiago, they called their trio Atban Klann, will 1X, apl. de. ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8, and Dante Santiago formed Atban Klann. Their debut album, Grass Roots, was never released due to Ruthless records founder Eazy-Es death, after Eazy-E died in 1995, Atban Klann reformed and changed their name to Black Eyed Pods, and then Black Eyed Peas. Dante Santiago was replaced with Jaime Gomez, and Kim Hill became a background singer. Unlike the gangsta rap sounds of Los Angeles-based hip hop acts at the time, after being signed to Interscope Records and releasing their debut, Behind the Front the group earned critical acclaim. One of the singles from the album was Joints & Jam, singer Sierra Swan joined in 1998, appearing on the 1998 song Fallin Up, before she left in 2000. Their second album, Bridging the Gap, produced the singles Weekends featuring Esthero, Hill left the band while producing the album, but was still featured on the album tracks for Hot and Tell Your Mama Come as well as in the video for Weekends. Their third album Elephunk began development on November 2,2001 and it was the first album to feature the vocals of current member Fergie
The Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing at Walmart Meeting
The Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas signing autographs in 2004.
The Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing on August 24, 2006
The Black Eyed Peas
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The Black Eyed Peas performing on October 7, 2009
29.
Behind the Front
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Behind the Front is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Black Eyed Peas. It was released on June 30,1998 through Interscope Records, the album received positive reviews from music critics but failed to chart. Most of the tracks were demos for the Grass Roots album, the song Joints & Jam appeared on the soundtrack of the movie Bulworth, where it was billed as Joints & Jams. Be Free also features in the film Shes All That, on the back cover, Skit 3 is listed after Duet, when it actually appears after Communication. This was their studio album to be released in a Parental Advisory version. On the edited versions back cover, Skit 3 is properly listed after Communication, behind the Front was released for vinyl on June 30,1998 through Interscope Records, will. i. ams imprint will. i. am Music Group and Universal Music Group. Three singles from the album were released–double single Fallin Up/¿Que Dices. in December 1997, Joints & Jam in November 1998 and the final single Karma in April 1999. In 1997, a video for the song Head Bobs was filmed and finished, however. Around the same time a video for the song Fallin Up was also created, however, was decided that the albums first official single would be Joints & Jam. A similar video to Joints & Jam was filmed for the song What It Is, but like Head Bobs and Fallin Up, the last music video to be released from the album was Karma, the albums second and final official single. All five music videos were included on the DVD Behind the Bridge to Elephunk, behind the Front received generally favorable reviews from music critics. Matt Conaway of AllMusic gave the four out of five stars, stating, Black Eyed Peas bring some positivity. Musically there is almost no realm this group does not touch -- right from the jump, All songs produced by will. i. am, except where noted. Notes signitifes a co-producer Sample credits Fallin Up contains a sample from Comanche by Jorge Ben, clap Your Hands contains a sample from Handclapping Song by The Meters and Tenement Yard by Jacob Miller. Joints & Jam contains a sample from Grease by Frankie Valli, the Way U Make Me Feel contains a sample from Here We Go by Run-DMC and Something in the Way by Stephanie Mills. Karma contains a sample from El Raton by Cheo Feliciano and The Joe Cuba Sextet, be Free contains a sample from White Horse by Laid Back. Say Goodbye contains a sample from Heaven and Hell Is on Earth by 20th Century Steel Band, what It Is contains a sample from Funkin for Jamaica by Tom Browne. A8 contains a sample from O Homem Da Gravata Florida by Jorge Ben, positivity contains a sample from Cinco Minutos by Jorge Ben
Behind the Front
–
Behind the Front
30.
Darryl Swann
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Darryl Swann is an American record producer, songwriter, educator and musician. He has worked with prominent artists including Macy Gray, Black Eyed Peas and he has also done substantial work for Atlantic Records, Sony Records, and Universal Records. Darryl Swann was born and raised in the Cleveland, Ohio suburb of Shaker Heights, darryls fascination with music production began at age 9 upon reading the book Modern Recording Techniques. He played lead guitar in the garage band The Lab Rats, after graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1983, Swann acquired his Liberal Arts degree from UCLA in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. In 1984, Darryl and his new rock band Haven relocated to Los Angeles and played with Poison, havens success led to a trip to London, England, and a subsequent tour of Europe to promote Haven’s independent E. P. album. As both a composer and songwriter, Swann and Senova Media have many film and TV credits, Swann also produced a Prince tribute album which was recorded with childrens toy musical instruments which Vitamin never released. Swann teaches a music production curriculum through several schools, among them are Musicians Institute, The Art Institute of California - Hollywood
Darryl Swann
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Darryl Swann
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