1.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
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New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
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The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
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Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
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British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
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Flag
New York (state)
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1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
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The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
3.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn
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Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn
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A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
4.
Columbia University
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Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, after the American Revolutionary War, Kings College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M. D. degree. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción, Columbia administers annually the Pulitzer Prize. Additionally,100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over 100 recipients of the award as of 2016. In 1746 an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college. Classes were initially held in July 1754 and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queens College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of 1777. The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American. Loyalists were forced to abandon their Kings College in New York, the Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they founded Kings Collegiate School. After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,1784, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees. On May 21,1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In 1857, the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F. A. P. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university
Columbia University
–
The Library at Columbia University, ca. 1900
Columbia University
–
Columbia University
Columbia University
–
Low Memorial Library
Columbia University
–
Alma Mater
5.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art is a drama school in London, England. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom, RADA is an affiliate school of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. Its higher education awards are validated by Kings College London and its students graduate alongside members of the departments which form the Kings Faculty of Arts & Humanities and it is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senate House complex of the University of London. Undergraduate students are eligible for government student loan through the Conservatoire for Dance, RADA also has a significant scholarships and bursaries scheme, offering financial assistance to many students at the Academy. The current director of the academy is Edward Kemp, the president is Sir Kenneth Branagh, the chairman is Sir Stephen Waley-Cohen and its vice-chairman was Alan Rickman until his death in 2016. RADA was founded in 1904 by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, an actor manager, in 1905, RADA moved to 52 Gower Street, and a managing council was set up to oversee the school. Its members included George Bernard Shaw, who donated his royalties from his play Pygmalion to RADA. In 1920, RADA was granted a Royal Charter, and in 1921, the Prince of Wales opened the theatre. The Gower Street buildings were torn down in 1927, and replaced with a new building, financed by George Bernard Shaw, in 1923, John Gielgud studied at RADA for a year. He later became President of the academy, and its first honorary fellow, a number of famous actors took on leading roles at RADA, such as Richard Attenborough, Oliver Neville, Nicholas Barter, and Alan Rickman. Other 1924 saw RADAs first government subsidy, a grant of £500, in 2001, RADA joined forces with the London Contemporary dance School to create the UKs first Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. The Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance joined this Conservatoire in 2005, in 2000 the Academy founded RADA Enterprises Ltd, which includes RADA in Business, providing training in communications and teambuilding that uses drama training techniques in a business context. The profits are fed back into the Academy to fund students training, RADA is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London. The main RADA building is on Gower Street, with a second premises nearby in Chenies Street, the Goodge Street and Euston Square underground stations are both within walking distance. RADA has five theatres and a cinema, there is also a 150-seat cinema. In January 2012, RADA acquired the lease to the adjacent Drill Hall venue in Chenies Street, the Drill Hall is a Grade II listed building with a long performing arts history, and was where Nijinsky rehearsed with Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes in 1911. This venue has a 200-seat space, the Studio Theatre, and a 50-seat space, the RADA library contains around 30,000 items. The collection was started in 1904 with donations from actors and writers of the such as Sir Squire Bancroft, William Archer, Arthur Wing Pinero
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The main entrance to RADA on Gower Street
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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George Bernard Shaw, who donated the royalties from his play
Pygmalion to RADA in 1912.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
–
The RADA building at 18 Chenies Street
6.
Peter Sarsgaard
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John Peter Sarsgaard is an American actor. He landed his first feature role in the movie Dead Man Walking in 1995 and he then appeared in the 1998 independent films Another Day in Paradise and Desert Blue. That same year, Sarsgaard received a role in The Man in the Iron Mask, playing Raoul. Sarsgaard later achieved recognition when he was cast in Boys Dont Cry as John Lotter. He landed his first leading role in the 2001 film The Center of the World, the following year, he played supporting roles in Empire, The Salton Sea, and K-19, The Widowmaker. Sarsgaard has also appeared in Off-Broadway productions including Kingdom of Earth, Laura Dennis, in September 2008, he made his Broadway debut as Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin in The Seagull. Sarsgaard appeared in the production of Uncle Vanya in January 2009. Sarsgaard is married to actress Maggie Gyllenhaal, Sarsgaard was born at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, the son of Judy Lea and John Dale Sarsgard. His father was an Air Force engineer and later worked for Monsanto and his surname originates in Denmark, where two of his paternal great-great-grandparents were born. Sarsgaard was raised a Roman Catholic and served as an altar boy and his family moved more than 12 times during his childhood, following his fathers job. At the age of 7, Sarsgaard originally wanted to become a soccer player, after suffering several bad concussions while playing soccer, he gave up the sport and became interested in writing and theater. Sarsgaard attended Fairfield College Preparatory School, a private Jesuit boys school in Connecticut, while at WUSTL, Sarsgaard began performing in plays in an offshoot of New Yorks Actors Studio, His first role was as the servant Laurent in Molières Tartuffe. In 1993, he graduated with a degree in history and moved to New York and he appeared in his first film role in Dead Man Walking, where he was cast as a murdered teenager, killed by Sean Penns character. He received his role in the 1998 film The Man in the Iron Mask, where he played Raoul. The film uses characters from Alexandre Dumas dArtagnan Romances, and is loosely adapted from some plot elements of The Vicomte de Bragelonne. The film received ambivalent reviews, but was a success at the box office, in 1999, Sarsgaard earned critical recognition in Kimberly Peirces Boys Dont Cry, where he was cast as notorious killer John Lotter. The film is based on the story of Brandon Teena. Boys Don’t Cry received overwhelmingly positive acclaim from critics, and his performance was well received
Peter Sarsgaard
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Sarsgaard in
St. Louis, Missouri, 2007
Peter Sarsgaard
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Sarsgaard attending the European premiere of
The Dark Knight in 2008
Peter Sarsgaard
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Sarsgaard with the cast of Green Lantern at the 2010
San Diego Comic-Con International.
Peter Sarsgaard
–
Sarsgaard and
Maggie Gyllenhaal at the New York premiere of
An Education in October 2009.
7.
Stephen Gyllenhaal
–
Stephen Roark Gyllenhaal is an American film director and poet. Gyllenhaal was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Virginia Lowrie and his mentor at Trinity was the poet Hugh Ogden. He was married to screenwriter Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal for 32 years until their divorce was finalized in 2009, from that marriage, he is the father of actress Maggie Gyllenhaal and actor Jake Gyllenhaal. He is also the brother of Anders Gyllenhaal, executive editor of the Miami Herald, in July 2011 he married Kathleen Man, a filmmaker and professor who was a co-producer on Gyllenhaals 2012 film Grassroots. Gyllenhaal and Man welcomed son Luke in 2014, after two previous miscarriages, Gyllenhaal directed the film version of the Pete Dexter novel Paris Trout, which was nominated for five Emmy Awards and won him a DGA Award. In 1990 Gyllenhaal directed Family of Spies, which was nominated for 2 Golden Globe Awards, in addition, he directed an episode of the ABC television series Twin Peaks. He directed the 2001 TNT television pilot The Warden, based on Lynda La Plantes series The Governor and it is about a dynamic and ambitious woman who is brought in as the young warden of an all-male maximum security prison. Gyllenhaal has also directed episodes of the CBS series Numb3rs, The Mentalist, Hawthorne, Army Wives. In 2011 Gyllenhaal directed Girl Fight which starred Anne Heche and earned Gyllenhaal a DGA Nomination for outstanding achievement in movies for television. He is also a poet, who has published in literary journals such as Prairie Schooner. His first collection of poetry, Claptrap, Notes from Hollywood, was published in June 2006 by Cantara Christophers New York-based literary small press, in 2013, Gyllenhaal directed a backdoor pilot originally titled Sworn to Silence that aired as the Lifetime TV movie An Amish Murder. It stars Neve Campbell as a police detective who must solve a murder case that involves the Amish Community she was shunned from years ago. Gyllenhaal is also in post-production on a documentary about dream interpretation titled Exquisite Continent, official website Stephen Gyllenhaal at the Internet Movie Database The Gyllenhaal name Genealogy of the Gyllenhaal family
Stephen Gyllenhaal
–
Stephen Gyllenhaal
8.
Jake Gyllenhaal
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Jacob Benjamin Jake Gyllenhaal is an American actor. He subsequently appeared in indie film, The Good Girl. In 2005, Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony Swoff Swofford in Jarhead, Gwyneth Paltrows love interest in Proof, Gyllenhaal was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of film producer and screenwriter Naomi Foner and film director Stephen Gyllenhaal. Actress Maggie Gyllenhaal, his sister, appeared with him in the film Donnie Darko. Gyllenhaals father, who was raised as a Swedenborgian, is of Swedish and English descent, jakes last ancestor to be born in Sweden was his great-great-grandfather, Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal. Jakes mother is Jewish, she was born in New York City, to a family from Russia, Gyllenhaal has said that he considers himself Jewish. His parents insisted that he have summer jobs to support himself and he worked as a lifeguard. Gyllenhaal said his parents encouraged artistic expression, I do have parents who supported me in certain ways. In other ways, they were lacking, definitely, its in expression and creativity where my family has always been best at. As a child, Gyllenhaal was regularly exposed to filmmaking due to his familys ties to the industry. He made his debut as Billy Crystals son in the 1991 comedy film City Slickers. His parents did not allow him to appear in the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks because it would have required his leaving home for two months, in subsequent years, his parents allowed him to audition for roles but regularly forbade him to take them if he were chosen. He was allowed to appear in his fathers films several times, Gyllenhaal appeared in the 1993 film A Dangerous Woman, in Bop Gun, a 1994 episode of Homicide, Life on the Street, and in the 1998 comedy Homegrown. Along with their mother, Jake and Maggie appeared in two episodes of Molto Mario, an Italian cooking show on the Food Network. Prior to his year in high school, the only other film not directed by his father, in which Gyllenhaal was allowed to perform, was the 1993 film Josh. Gyllenhaal dropped out two years to concentrate on acting but has expressed intentions to eventually finish his degree. The film earned $32 million and was described in the Sacramento News, Donnie Darko, Gyllenhaals second film, was not a box office success upon its initial 2001 release but eventually became a cult favorite. After the critical success of Donnie Darko, Gyllenhaals next role was as Pilot Kelston in 2002s Highway alongside Jared Leto and his performance was described by one critic as silly, cliched and straight to video
Jake Gyllenhaal
–
Gyllenhaal at the
2015 Cannes Film Festival
Jake Gyllenhaal
–
Coat of arms of the noble
House Gyllenhaal
Jake Gyllenhaal
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Gyllenhaal attending the premiere of
Proof in 2005
Jake Gyllenhaal
–
Gyllenhaal at the
2015 Toronto International Film Festival
9.
Gyllenhaal family
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Gyllenhaal is the surname of a Swedish noble family descended from cavalry Lieutenant Nils Gunnarsson Haal, ennobled in 1652 with a change of surname to Gyllenhaal. Haal comes from the name of the farm estate Hahlegården, in the Knighthood Letter, signed by Queen Christina, the family name was written in two different ways — first Gyllenhahl and then Gyllenhaal. On the copperplate with his coat of arms now hanging in the House of Nobility in Stockholm it is spelled Gyllenhahl, such ambiguities are typical of the time, it would be several generations before Swedish spelling was more strictly regulated. The prefix Gyllen was the one most used when ennobling someone since the 16th century, Nils Gunnarsson Gyllenhaals descendants today stem from two of his sons, Lars Gyllenhaal, Lieutenant of the Vestgotha cavalry regiment, and his younger brother Hans Gyllenhaal. Hans was killed in action at the battle of Helsingborg as a cavalry captain, the members of the older branch descending from Lars are still living in Sweden. The most notable member of that branch is the Minister for Justice Lars Herman Gyllenhaal, in 1851, he was created Knight and Commander of the Royal Order of the Seraphim. His great-great grandson, Herman Gyllenhaal till Härlingstorp, is now the baron of the family, all the members of the family in the United States are descended from Hans Gyllenhaal and come from his great great-great grandson Anders Leonard and his wife Amanda. Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal immigrated to the United States in 1865, the hitherto most memorable member of this younger branch was Leonard Gyllenhaal. In 1807, he was created a Knight of the Royal Order of Vasa for his work as an entomologist, including his monograph of Swedish insects. Some notable members of family are, Johan Abraham Gyllenhaal. Leonard Gyllenhaal, military officer and gentleman farmer, known as an entomologist and his best-known work was his monograph on Swedish beetles, Insecta suecica. Coleoptera in 4 parts, published between 1808 and 1827, Lars Herman Gyllenhaal, Swedish Prime Minister for Justice 1843–1844. She was first married to the stablemaster of Napoleon Is sister, in 1817, widowed, she married J. Montgomery-Cederhjelm in Vienna and became a leading figure, in 1825 she was widowed again, she married a third time in 1839 to Carl Gyllenhaal. She was the subject of a poem by the leading Swedish poet Esaias Tegnér, Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal, grandson of Leonard G. editor-in-chief of the Swedish-American newspaper Svenska Amerikanaren Tribunen in Chicago. Stephen Gyllenhaal, film director, great grandson of Anders Leonard G. was married to producer and screenwriter Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal, Anders Gyllenhaal, Washington Editor and Vice President of News, The McClatchy Company, former executive editor of the Miami Herald. Lars Gyllenhaal, born 1968, great grandson of Lars Herman Gyllenhaal. Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Volume 1,1906 Gyllenhaal family tree official website Noble family Gyllenhaal No.814 at the Swedish genealogy website Adelsvapen
Gyllenhaal family
–
Escutcheon of the Gyllenhaal family hanging in the
House of Nobility
10.
Donnie Darko
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Donnie Darko is a 2001 science fiction film written and directed by Richard Kelly. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Jena Malone, Drew Barrymore, Mary McDonnell, Katharine Ross, Patrick Swayze, Noah Wyle, the film follows the adventures of the troubled title character as he seeks the meaning behind his Doomsday-related visions. Filmed over the course of 28 days, the film was almost released straight-to-video, Donnie Darko was screened at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19,2001, before receiving a limited theatrical release on October 26,2001 by Flower Films. Due to the films advertising featuring a crashing plane and the September 11 attacks that transpired a month before, in the end, Donnie Darko grossed just under $7.3 million worldwide on a budget of $4.5 million. Despite its lackluster box office performance, Donnie Darko received critical acclaim, Critics lauded the films story, acting, and tone. The film was listed #2 in Empires 50 Greatest Independent Films of All Time list and it was released on VHS and DVD in March 2002. The film would become a success on the home video market. It would also be released on three times, once on February 10,2009, next on July 19,2010. The film also developed a cult following, the films soundtrack is also famous for its cover of Tears for Fearss Mad World by Gary Jules and Michael Andrews. The cover reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and stayed there for three consecutive weeks, the song also achieved lukewarm success in the United States, reaching number 30 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The film would receive a cut on a two-disc special edition DVD in 2004, a stage adaptation in 2007. At dawn, Donnie returns home to find a jet engine has crashed into his bedroom and his older sister, Elizabeth, informs him that the FAA investigators do not know where it came from. Donnie tells his psychotherapist, Dr. Thurman, about his visits from Frank. Acting under Franks influence, he floods his school by damaging a water main and he also begins dating a new student, Gretchen Ross, who has recently moved into town with her mother under a new identity to escape her violent stepfather. Donnie rebels against these motivational lessons, leading to friction between Kitty and Rose, Donnies mother, Donnie disrupts a speech being given by Jim Cunningham by insulting him in front of the student body, then burns down Cunninghams house on instructions from Frank. When police find evidence of a child pornography operation in the houses remains, during a hypnotherapy session, Donnie confesses his crimes to Dr. Thurman and says that Frank will soon kill someone. Donnie and Elizabeth take the opportunity to throw a Halloween party to celebrate her acceptance to Harvard, Gretchen arrives, distraught that her mother has disappeared. Realizing that only hours remain before Franks prophesied end of the world, Donnie takes Gretchen and they are attacked by two school bullies, Seth and Ricky, who are attempting to rob Sparrows house, and the fight spills into the street
Donnie Darko
–
Theatrical release poster
11.
Secretary (2002 film)
–
Secretary is a 2002 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Steven Shainberg and starring Maggie Gyllenhaal as Lee Holloway and James Spader as E. Edward Grey. The film is based on a story from Bad Behavior by Mary Gaitskill. Edward explains that its work and they dont use computers, however. Though at first Edward appears to be irritated by Lees typos and other innocuous mistakes. After he confronts her about her propensity for self-injury and commands that she never hurt herself again, Lee experiences a sexual and personal awakening, and she falls deeply in love. Edward, however, displays insecurity concerning his feelings for Lee, during this period of exploration with Edward, Lee has also been attempting to have a more conventional boyfriend in Peter, even engaging in lukewarm sex with him. After a sexual encounter in Edward Greys office, Grey fires Lee, after Lee is fired from her job, Peter proposes to Lee, who reluctantly agrees to marry him. However, while trying on her gown, she leaves. Edward, still uncertain about their relationship, tests Lee by commanding her to sit in his chair without moving her hands or feet until he returns. Hours pass, as family members and acquaintances individually visit Lee to alternately attempt to dissuade or encourage her while Edward watches from afar. Because of Lees refusal to leave the office, she has gained coverage from the media. After three days, Edward returns to the office and takes Lee to a room upstairs where he bathes, the pair marry and happily continue their dominant-submissive relationship. Lines of dialogue were changed, Lees statement, Im so stupid became a cry of Im your Secretary. Additionally, the ending of the story was changed to give a positive outcome to the relationship. The desire to have the office feel homemade and express Edwards interest in the growing of plants led Danger to juxtapose a natural decor in the office with a predominantly artificial outside world. Speaking of her choices, Danger compares the office with the rest of the locations, All the materials I used were natural, natural wood, bamboo. If I wasnt using natural materials, it was natural colors, I covered Lees house in plastic sheeting, and used artificial, manufactured colors. Although the interior sets were constructed, the filmmakers did face some location-related challenges
Secretary (2002 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Secretary (2002 film)
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The
pulp fiction –style cover art for the Secretary soundtrack album
12.
Sherrybaby
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Sherrybaby is a 2006 American drama film written and directed by Laurie Collyer. Screened at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25,2006, Sherry Swanson, a young woman who has recently been released from prison and is recovering from a heroin addiction, is trying to rebuild her life on the outside. Above all, she wants to repair her relationship with her young daughter and she returns home to Jersey and goes to the halfway house where she will be staying. Before she can reunite with Alexis, she meets with her Parole officer who is strict and direct with his expectations of her. He tells her that she needs to clean and get a job. While doing some chores around the house, Sherry meets the director of the program and Sherry, knowing that he is attracted to her. Afterwards, her brother Bobby picks her up to go see Alexis, Alexis lives with Sherrys brother Bobby and his wife, Lynn. Her daughter immediately recognizes her and calls her mommy, which warms Sherrys heart and she gives Alexis a few presents and talks to her about why she was away, saying that she stole from people for drugs. The halfway house where she proves to be more daunting as Sherry has tension with a fellow housemate. She goes to a job interview and says that she wants to work with children as she took classes in prison and he rebuffs her telling her that a pretty girl like her should be a waitress, but cant since she has a history with alcohol and drugs. Obviously attracted to Sherry, she shows the director of the employment program her breasts, after her interview, she goes to an AA meeting and talks about the stress of life outside prison is making her want to use. She also meets Dean, a former alcoholic and he gives her a ride home and he tells her that he recognizes her from when she was a teenager waitressing at one of the local spots. After calling her brother and faced with more excuses as to why she cant talk to Alexis, upset, she leaves the house and catches a ride to her brothers place. She sleeps on their steps and Lynn finds her in the morning, there she sees Alexis getting ready for summer camp. While Lynn finishes getting Alexis ready for camp, Sherry talks to her brother Bobby about moving in because she feels the halfway house is like prison and he tells her that she can stay, but there cant be any drugs in the house. Alexis runs in to say goodbye as she is about to leave and calls Sherry by her name and not mommy, angered by Lynns interference with her daughter, she punches the kitchen cabinet. Later that day, Sherrys father, Bob and his wife come over, Sherry is overwhelmingly glad to see her father and acts like a child trying to get his attention from Alexis to her. They share a kiss and an embrace which makes the family uncomfortable
Sherrybaby
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Theatrical release poster
13.
Rachel Dawes
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Rachel Dawes is a fictional character who first appeared in Christopher Nolans 2005 feature film Batman Begins. She was portrayed in film by Katie Holmes, with Emma Lockhart as a younger version of the character in early scenes. Holmes also voiced the character in the game adaptation. Maggie Gyllenhaal replaced Holmes in the 2008 sequel The Dark Knight after Holmes chose not to reprise the role, Gyllenhaal also appeared as Dawes on the viral marketing website I Believe in Harvey Dent, giving Harvey Dent her endorsement in the District Attorney election. In the Dark Knight Trilogy, Rachel is Bruce Waynes childhood sweetheart, Rachel is Bruce Waynes closest childhood friend. Rachels mother worked as a servant at Wayne Manor. After Bruces parents are murdered by Joe Chill, Rachels mother seeks other employment, Rachel enrolls in law school and gets an internship at the Gotham City District Attorneys office during her first year. After Chill is murdered for testifying against Mafia boss Carmine Falcone, Bruce reveals to Rachel that he intended to murder Chill himself, Rachel is horrified, and tells Bruce that his late parents would be ashamed of him. Soon afterward, Bruce leaves the United States and Rachel continues her studies in law school, years later, she becomes an Assistant District Attorney. Rachel dedicates her career to eliminating crime in Gotham, in the process making enemies of Falcone and later Dr. Jonathan Crane, Arkham Asylums corrupt chief psychiatrist. When Bruce returns to Gotham, Rachel is surprised that he did not contact her and she tells Bruce, Bruce, deep down you may still be that great kid you used to be, but its not who you are underneath, its what you do that defines you. Around the same time, a costumed vigilante calling himself Batman appears in Gotham, Rachel is intrigued by the masked crime-fighter, unaware that he is her old friend Bruce. After her boss is murdered by thugs working for Crane, Rachel takes over his job until a replacement can be found. Shortly afterward, Falcone has a break in police custody. When she goes to Arkham to evaluate the situation, Crane drugs her with fear toxin as well, Batman rescues her again, administers an antidote and tells her that Crane is working with the League of Shadows, a terrorist organization led by Ras al Ghul. He gives her instructions for a plan to save the city from the Leagues attack and he then sedates her and has his butler, Alfred Pennyworth, take her home. She wakes up in her bed and delivers samples of an anti-toxin to Gotham City Police Department sergeant James Gordon, the League starts a riot in the Narrows, one of Gotham Citys slums, and Rachel is trapped. Crane, who has now assumed the criminal alter ego of The Scarecrow and she defends herself and a boy caught in the riot by firing a taser at Cranes face, driving him away
Rachel Dawes
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Katie Holmes as Rachel Dawes in Batman Begins (2005)
Rachel Dawes
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Maggie Gyllenhaal as Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight (2008)
14.
The Dark Knight (film)
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The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Nolans inspiration for the film was the Jokers comic book debut in 1940, the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke, and the 1996 series The Long Halloween, the nickname the Dark Knight was first applied to Batman in Batman #1, in a story written by Bill Finger. The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago, as well as in other locations in the United States, the United Kingdom. Nolan used IMAX70 mm film cameras to film some sequences, Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight, developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker. With over $1 billion in worldwide, it is the 26th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received eight Academy Award nominations, it won the award for Best Sound Editing, the Dark Knight Rises, the final film in the trilogy, was released on July 20,2012. A gang of criminals rob a Gotham City mob bank, double-crossing and murdering each other there is only one left, The Joker. Batman, District Attorney Harvey Dent and Lieutenant Jim Gordon form an alliance to rid Gotham of organized crime, Mob bosses Sal Maroni, Gambol and the Chechen hold a videoconference with corrupt accountant Lau, who has taken their funds and fled to Hong Kong. The Joker interrupts, warns them that Batman is unhindered by the law, and offers to him in exchange for half of their money. After escaping and smuggling himself as a corpse, the Joker kills Gambol, the mob ultimately decides to take the Joker up on his offer. Dent arrests the mob, while Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong. The Joker threatens to keep killing people unless Batman reveals his identity, and starts by murdering Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb, the Joker also tries to kill Mayor Anthony Garcia, but Gordon sacrifices himself to stop the assassination. Dent learns that Rachel is the next target, Bruce decides to reveal his secret identity. Before he can, however, Dent announces that he is Batman, Dent is taken into protective custody, but the Joker appears and attacks the convoy. Batman comes to Dents rescue and Gordon, who faked his death, Rachel and Dent are escorted away by Michael Wuertz and Anna Ramirez, detectives on Maronis payroll. Batman interrogates the Joker, who reveals that Rachel and Dent have been trapped in separate locations rigged with explosives, Batman races to save Rachel, while Gordon goes to save Dent. Batman arrives at the building, realizing that the Joker sent him to Dents location instead, both buildings explode, killing Rachel and disfiguring half of Dents face. The Joker escapes the jail with Lau. Coleman Reese, an accountant at Wayne Enterprises, deduces that Bruce is Batman, after observing the unpredictability of the Joker, Maroni informs the Jokers location to Commissioner Gordon
The Dark Knight (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
The Dark Knight (film)
–
Cast and crew of The Dark Knight at the European premiere in London. From left to right: Director
Christopher Nolan, producers
Emma Thomas and
Charles Roven, actors
Monique Gabriela Curnen,
Michael Caine,
Aaron Eckhart,
Maggie Gyllenhaal and
Christian Bale.
The Dark Knight (film)
–
Director
Christopher Nolan (far left) and actor
Heath Ledger (in make-up) filming a scene in The Dark Knight with an IMAX camera
The Dark Knight (film)
–
Aaron Eckhart with make-up and motion capture markers on set. Below is the finished effect.
15.
Crazy Heart
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Crazy Heart is a 2009 American drama film, written and directed by Scott Cooper and based on the 1987 novel of the same name by Thomas Cobb. Jeff Bridges plays a country music singer-songwriter who tries to turn his life around after beginning a relationship with a young journalist portrayed by Maggie Gyllenhaal. Other supporting roles are played by Colin Farrell, Robert Duvall, Bridges, Farrell, and Duvall also sing in the film. The novel on which the film was based was inspired by country singer Hank Thompson, Bridges earned the 2009 Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film. Filming took place during 2008 in New Mexico, in Houston, Texas, Original music for the film was composed by T Bone Burnett, Stephen Bruton, Ryan Bingham and others. Bingham and Burnett received the 2009 Academy Award for Best Original Song for co-writing The Weary Kind and it opened in limited release in the U. S. on December 16,2009. Otis Bad Blake is a 57-year-old alcoholic singer-songwriter who was once a country music star and he now earns a modest living by singing and playing his guitar in small town bars across the South-Western United States. Having a history of failed marriages Blake is without a family and he has a son, aged 28, with whom he has not had contact in 24 years. He is mostly on the performing, staying in cheap motels. The film opens with his arrival at an alley for a show. Enter Jean Craddock, a young journalist after a story, divorced and with a four-year-old son and she interviews Blake, and the two enter into a relationship. Jean and her son become a catalyst for Blake beginning to get his life back on track and he asks Tommy to record an album with him, but Tommy says his record company insists on a couple more solo albums before a duet project can be recorded. He instead suggests that Blake concentrate on writing new songs that Tommy can record solo, blakes drinking soon gets out of control, and he ends up running off the road while driving drunk. Blakes relationship with Jean makes him start to rethink his life and he calls up his son to make amends, only to have his son tell him that his mother, Bads ex-wife, has died, and hang up on him. The relationship starts to look up, with Jean visiting him with her son Buddy, after a situation where Blake loses Buddy briefly at a shopping mall while drinking at a bar, Jean breaks up with him. After losing Jean and her son, who were becoming his only family, after going through a treatment program at a rehab center, and with support from his Alcoholics Anonymous group and his old friend Wayne, Blake finally manages to get sober. Having cleaned up his act, he tries to reunite with Jean, after losing Jean, Blake finishes writing a song that he thinks is his best ever, The Weary Kind, and sells it to Tommy. Sixteen months later, Tommy plays The Weary Kind to an audience while Blake watches backstage
Crazy Heart
–
Theatrical release poster
16.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Alice Brady won for her performance in 1937's
In Old Chicago.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Hattie McDaniel won in 1939 for her role as Mammy in
Gone with the Wind, thus becoming the first black performer to win an Oscar.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Jane Darwell won for her performance as Ma Joad in
The Grapes of Wrath (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
–
Teresa Wright won for her role in 1942's
Mrs Miniver.
17.
Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang
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It is a sequel to the 2005 film Nanny McPhee. It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brands Nurse Matilda books, Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes, Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Dame Maggie Smith. The film was released on August 20,2010 by Universal Pictures. The film received reviews from critics and it earned $93,251,121 on a $35 million budget. It also received a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Performance in a Feature Film, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 19 June 2010. On a farm during World War II, while her husband is away at war, when her childrens two wealthy cousins, Cyril and Celia, also then come to live with them, Isabel requires childcare help. When Nanny McPhee arrives, the children at first do not listen and carry on fighting, meanwhile, Isabels brother-in-law, Phil, has gambled away his half of the farm, and is being chased by two hired-assassin women under casino owner Mrs. Biggles. He desperately attempts to make Isabel sell her half of the farm, using mean, Isabel takes the children on a picnic during which an ARP Warden, Mr. Docherty, warns them about bombs and how he imagines a pilot might accidentally release his bomb. At the end of the picnic, Uncle Phil delivers a telegram saying Isabels husband has been killed in action, Isabel and everyone else believes the telegram, but Norman says that he can feel it in his bones that his father is not dead. There, Nanny McPhee and the boys ask Cyrils father Lord Gray, at first Lord Gray sneers at Normans disbelief at his fathers death, but after Cyril blurts out that he knows that his parents are getting a divorce, Lord Gray checks what has happened. While he is gone, Cyril tells Norman that he and Celia have been sent away because their parents will be splitting up, and Norman asks where Cyril and Celia will live. Lord Gray returns and tells Norman that his father is not dead, but missing in action, after the boys leave, Norman deduces that Uncle Phil forged the telegram. While the boys were at the War Office, Megsie, Celia and Vincent were trying to stop Isabel from signing the papers and selling the farm. Just as Isabel is about to sign the papers, a German pilot accidentally drops a bomb, it shakes everything. When Nanny McPhee returns with Norman and Cyril, the children go out to watch Mr. Docherty dismantle the bomb, Megsie takes over, and succeeds with the help of the other children and Nanny McPhees raven, Mr. Edelweiss. After Nanny McPhee helps to harvest the barley, with a magic, it is revealed that old Mrs. Docherty is in fact baby Agatha from the first film. As Nanny McPhee walks away from the now happy family, the children and Isabel chase after her, only to see Mr. Green, in uniform and with an injured arm. He runs to his family and they all hug, Emma Thompson as Nanny McPhee, the magical nanny who changes the lives of the Green and Gray children
Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang
–
UK theatrical release poster
18.
Frank (film)
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Frank is a 2014 comedy-drama film directed by Lenny Abrahamson, produced by David Barron, Ed Guiney and Stevie Lee and written by Jon Ronson and Peter Straughan. It stars Michael Fassbender, Domhnall Gleeson, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Scoot McNairy, the film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival. It was released theatrically in Ireland on 9 May 2014 and on DVD and it was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom on 9 May 2014. Jon Burroughs, a songwriter, lives a mundane life working in an office. Jon dreams of being a brilliant songwriter one day, but believes his uneventful, one day Jon witnesses a man trying to drown himself while walking along the beach of his town. As the man is taken away to the hospital, Jon talks to Don, who explains the man was a keyboardist in an experimental band, Don laments that the band cannot play its gig that night. Jon mentions that he plays keyboards and is invited to play with them, Jon goes along and meets the rest of the band, Nana, Baraque, Clara, and Frank, the band leader who wears a papier-mâché mask. The band plays strange discordant music while Frank sings nonsensical lyrics, Jon picks up the swing of things and begins to play along with the group, until Clara breaks her theremin and storms offstage ending the concert. Back at home Jon returns to his life, but remains enraptured by his experience on stage. While at work Jon receives a call from Don, who tells him Frank wants him to play with the band again, Jon readily accepts, believing this to be another gig, so he accompanies them to Ireland. Jon quickly discovers the band isnt playing a gig, but rather are recording their first album in a cabin for the next year. Undeterred, Jon decides to leave his job and stay with the band, Don bonds with Jon, and tells him that he first met Frank when they were in a mental institution together. As the months progress it is apparent that the band is mentally unstable, as they spend their time recording bendy straw noises and reinventing music notation. A family of vacationers arrive at the cabin believing it to be empty, Frank somehow convinces the family to leave, and Jon volunteers to use his inheritance nest egg to fund the recording of the album. Throughout the year Jon secretly records the band and posts updates on Twitter, one evening Jon talks to Frank, and tells him that he also writes songs, promising to play them for Frank one day. Clara comes in and tells Jon to play one right now, Jon tries to get out of the situation, but cannot, and ultimately embarrasses himself in front of the band. Clara is very antipathic towards Jon, and continually torments him for being mediocre, later, Don explains to Jon that he wanted to be a songwriter too, and just like Jon lacked talent and was terrible. He plays a song for Jon, who compliments it, despite it being very depressing and awful
Frank (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
19.
British Independent Film Awards
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The British Independent Film Awards is an organisation that celebrates, supports and promotes British independent cinema and filmmaking talent. Nominations for the awards ceremony are announced in early November. Since 2015, BIFA has also hosted UK–wide talent development and film screening programmes with the support of Creative Skillset and the BFI. BIFA founding members include Phillip Alberstat, Chris Auty, André Burgess, Sally Caplan, Pippa Cross, Christopher Fowler, Lora Fox Gamble, Steven Gaydos, Norma Heyman, the first BIFA ceremony took place on the 29th October 1998. Winners included Ken Loach, Shane Meadows and Ray Winstone, the Special Jury Prize was awarded to Nik Powell, and the Best British Independent Film award went to My Name is Joe. The BIFA ceremony takes place in early December every year and is one of the first dates in the awards season. Most of the categories are for British independent feature films only, though there are awards for Best International Independent Film. There are also several awards, such as the Special Jury Prize, the Richard Harris Award. Main categories, Films must be over 70 minutes in length, Films must have had a public screening to a paying audience, either on general release in the UK or at a British film festival or at one of BIFAs recognised international festivals. Must be produced or majority co-produced by a British production company, where there is a major studio substantially funding a film, the total budget must not exceed $20 million. BIFA has a pool of voters that consists of past BIFA winners and nominees, top British film industry professionals. Although the pool is continually growing, fewer than 200 voters vote for the nominations in any one year, all entered films must be seen by a minimum number of voters and discussed at a voter meeting before being marked as having been given fair consideration. In calculating the results, BIFA takes into account the number of voters who have seen each film as well as how many voted for it, the winners in most categories are decided by independent juries, newly–appointed each year. Juries meet to discuss all nominations before voting confidentially for the winner, exceptions include the honorary awards and the award for Best British Independent Film, the winner of which is decided by a confidential vote amongst all BIFA voters. Sessions included The Lobster with production designer Jaqueline Abrahams, The Selfish Giant with casting director Amy Hubbard, BIFA Presents is an ongoing project wherein BIFA supports the theatrical distribution of award-nominated and -winning films with special preview and event screenings. In February 2017, BIFA Presents hosted exclusive previews of the Oscar-winning Moonlight in conjunction with Everyman Cinemas, BIFA Independents is a series of regular screenings of films featuring BIFA-winning and nominated talent. The first BIFA Independents screening was in December 2016, featuring Andrea Arnolds Best British Independent Film-winning American Honey
British Independent Film Awards
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Moët British Independent Film Awards
British Independent Film Awards
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The title for BIFA Awards
British Independent Film Awards
–
Elliot Grove
British Independent Film Awards
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Michael Sheen with 2008 award
20.
The Real Thing (play)
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The Real Thing is a play by Tom Stoppard that was first performed in 1982. It examines the nature of honesty and uses various constructs, including a play within a play, to explore the theme of reality versus appearance. The play focuses on the relationship between Henry and Annie, an actress and member of a group fighting to free Brodie, Max, 40-ish male actor who begins the play married to Annie. Acts in Henrys new play, House of Cards, Charlotte, 35-ish female actor who begins the play married to Henry. Appears opposite Max in House of Cards, Henry, 40-ish playwright who, at the beginning of the play, is married to Charlotte and conducting an affair with Annie. Both believe in love and yet approach it with cynicism, Annie, 30-ish female actor who begins the play married to Max. She has been conducting an affair with Henry while also working as an activist for Brodie. Billy, 22-ish young actor who plays Giovanni to Annies Annabella in Tis Pity Shes a Whore, openly shows romantic interest in Annie. Debbie,17 year old daughter of Charlotte and Henry who nevertheless spends very little time with them, Brodie,25 year old soldier imprisoned for setting fire to the wreath at the Cenotaph, Annie takes him up as a cause. Setting, London in 1982 In the first scene, Max accuses his distant and travelling wife, Charlotte, in the second scene, Charlottes personality appears to have changed and she is now married to a playwright named Henry. The audience is led to realize that Charlotte is an actress. In the play, the character of Max is played by the husband of a couple with whom Henry and Charlotte are friends. The scene reveals that Charlotte is unhappy with the play and she believes that Henry gives limited development to the female lead in order to show off his wit through the male leads lines. Max and his wife Annie drop by for a visit with Charlotte. Without the benefit of Henrys dialogue, the real-life Max seems superficial, by contrast, his wife Annie is, according to the script, very much like the woman Charlotte has ceased to be. Annie is a devoted activist on behalf of a soldier, Brodie. Henry mocks her as a sentimental do-gooder, giving offence to Max, Max discovers the affair, and Annie leaves him to be with Henry. Soon, Henry is reduced to writing scripts in order to pay alimony to Charlotte
The Real Thing (play)
–
Cover of the
Faber and Faber edition
21.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
–
BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
–
BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
–
BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
–
The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
22.
The Honourable Woman
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The Honourable Woman is a 2014 British political spy thriller television miniseries in eight parts, directed and written by Hugo Blick for the BBC and SundanceTV. Featuring Maggie Gyllenhaal in the role, it aired on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 3 July 2014. An advance screening of the series was held on 7 April 2014 at the MIPTV Media Market, the Honourable Woman received positive reviews, with Gyllenhaal winning a Golden Globe Award for her performance, and the series was awarded a Peabody Award in 2015. When her new business partner dies in a suicide, Lady Stein is forced to delay the third phase of an ambitious and long-planned project. Various stakeholders manoeuvre for influence in connection with this venture, the stakes become the highest possible for the family when Kasim, the son of Atika Halibi, a Palestinian translator/housekeeper and Nessa Steins very close friend, is kidnapped. Soon, a mystery around his parentage comes to light, stephen Rea as Sir Hugh Hayden-Hoyle, Bt, the outgoing head of MI6s Middle East desk. Lubna Azabal as Atika Halibi, a Palestinian translator who is a friend of Nessas as well as being Ephras housekeeper. Janet McTeer as Dame Julia Walsh, the head of MI6, katherine Parkinson as Rachel Stein, Ephras very pregnant wife. Tobias Menzies as Nathaniel Bloom, Nessas personal bodyguard, eve Best as Monica Chatwin, a British Foreign Office tactician stationed in Washington, D. C. Igal Naor as Shlomo Zahary, an Israeli businessman and surrogate uncle to Nessa, genevieve OReilly as Frances Pirsig, Nessas private secretary and confidante. Lindsay Duncan as Anjelica, Lady Hayden-Hoyle, Hayden-Hoyles ex-wife, Hugo Blick re-uses several actors from his previous series The Shadow Line. The eight-part series was announced in June 2013 and it was commissioned by Ben Stephenson and Janice Hadlow, and co-funded by the Sundance Channel. Written and directed by Hugo Blick, it was made by production companies Drama Republic and Eight Rooks, with Hugo Blick, Stephenson describes the drama as really grown up, complicated and said he was keen to work with Blick again following the 2011 series The Shadow Line. The President of the Sundance Channel Sarah Barnett said that it is a superbly wrought character piece about hope, compromise, guilt, speaking about her casting, Gyllenhaal said, I couldnt put the scripts down. Nessa is such an exciting and intricate character, I cant wait to begin filming. The three-month filming schedule began in July 2013 in London and Romney Marsh in Kent, with filming in the Middle East. The series was received upon its initial debut in the UK, with The Guardians Gabriel Tate summarising the series as the most satisfying. Julia Raeside of The Guardian wrote that it concluded as a taut, nicholas Blincoe of The Telegraph, claimed that the series achieved the must-watch label of the summer
The Honourable Woman
–
The Honourable Woman
23.
The New Church
–
Swedenborg claimed to have received a new revelation from Jesus Christ through continuous heavenly visions which he experienced over a period of at least twenty-five years. In his writings, he predicted that God would replace the traditional Christian Church, establishing a New Church, the New Church doctrine is that each person must actively cooperate in repentance, reformation, and regeneration of ones life. The movement was founded on the belief that God explained the meaning of the Scriptures to Swedenborg as a means of revealing the truth of the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Swedenborg claimed divine inspiration for his writings and followers believe that Swedenborg witnessed the Last Judgment in the spiritual world, therefore, it is thought that any Christian holding these beliefs is part of this New Church movement. Other names for the movement include Swedenborgian, New Christians, Neo-Christians, Church of the New Jerusalem, Swedenborg spoke of a New Church that would be founded on the theology in his works, but he himself never tried to establish an organization. In 1768, a trial was initiated in Sweden against Swedenborgs writings. It essentially concerned whether Swedenborgs theological writings were consistent with the Christian doctrines, a royal ordinance in 1770 declared that Swedenborgs writings were clearly mistaken and should not be taught even though his system of theological thought was never examined. Swedenborg then begged the King for grace and protection in a letter from Amsterdam, a new investigation against Swedenborg stalled and was eventually dropped in 1778. At the time of Swedenborgs death, few efforts had made to establish an organized church, but on May 7,1787,15 years after Swedenborgs death. It was a country Swedenborg had often visited and where he died, by 1789 a number of Churches had sprung up around England, and in April of that year the first General Conference of the New Church was held in Great Eastcheap, London. New Church ideas were carried to United States by missionaries, one famous missionary was John Chapman, also known as Johnny Appleseed. Early missionaries also traveled to parts of Africa, at the time these concepts of African enlightenment were judged highly liberal, Swedenborgians accepted freed African converts to their homes as early as 1790. Several of them were involved in abolitionism. In the 19th century, occultism became increasingly popular especially in France, some followers blended Swedenborgs writings with theosophy, alchemy and divination. What fascinated these followers most was Swedenborgs mystical side and they concentrated on his work Heaven and Hell which tells of Swedenborgs visit to Heaven and Hell to experience and report the conditions there. In structure, it was related to Dantes The Divine Comedy, some continue to combine the theology of the New Church with ideas from other systems, including Jungian psychology and Spiritualism. In the U. S. the church was organized in 1817 with the founding of the General Convention of the New Church now also known as the Swedenborgian Church of North America, the movement in the United States grew stronger until the late 19th century. There was a New-Church Theology School in Cambridge, a controversy about doctrinal issues and the authority of Swedenborgs writings caused a faction to split off to form the Academy of the New Church
The New Church
–
Bryn Athyn Cathedral of the General Church
24.
Leonard Gyllenhaal
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Leonard Gyllenhaal was a Swedish military officer and entomologist. Born on the Ribbingsberg manor in Västergötland in west Sweden, Leonard Gyllenhaal was son of an army officer, like some of his friends, he went to Uppsala to study under Linnaeus in 1769. Gyllenhaal, however, remained in contact with Linnaeus through an extensive correspondence and he remained in military service until 1799, when he retired with the rank of major. He developed the estate, experimenting with new crops such as the American maize and his main interest ever since youth was entomology, and already in 1775 he had collected some 1300 largely unidentified beetle species from the western part of Götaland. He built a private museum, library and study on Höberg which he called the Fly house. At his death, he had a collection of 400 boxes of prepared and identified insects and his main publication was the Insecta Suecica, describing the insects of Sweden, which took him 30 years to complete and was awarded the gold medal of the Academy of Sciences. Another claim to fame for Gyllenhaal is the fact that he named the beetle family of Histeridae. He was also elected a member of the French Société entomologique. He was appointed a Knight of the Royal Order of Vasa, Leonard Gyllenhaal was a leading Swedenborgian who supported the printing and spreading of Swedenborgs writings. His grandson, the Swedish-American journalist Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal, retained the faith of his grandfather and was a member of the Swedenborgian New Church and his descendants in the American branch of the family include the actor siblings Jake and Maggie Gyllenhaal. Olle Franzén, Gyllenhaal, Leonard, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Vol.17, olle Franzén, Leonard Gyllenhaal, a complete translation of the SBL article, without the references, but with pictures of the Höberg manor house and the fly house. Biographies of Leonard and other members of the Gyllenhaal family in the Nordisk familjebok, biographies of Leonard and other members of the Gyllenhaal family in Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, vol
Leonard Gyllenhaal
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Leonard Gyllenhaal. Lithography.
Leonard Gyllenhaal
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Curculio elephas, a beetle described by Gyllenhaal
25.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jews
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Baruch Spinoza
Jews
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Map of
Canaan
Jews
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David Ben-Gurion
Jews
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George Gershwin
26.
Eric Foner
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Eric Foner is an American historian. His free online courses on The Civil War and Reconstruction, published in 2014, are available from Columbia University on ColumbiaX, in 2011 Foners The Fiery Trial, Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery won the Pulitzer Prize for History, the Lincoln Prize, and the Bancroft Prize. Foner previously won the Bancroft in 1989 for his book Reconstruction, Americas Unfinished Revolution, in 2000, he was elected president of the American Historical Association. Eric Foner describes his father as his first great teacher, and recalls how, deprived of his livelihood while I was growing up, he supported our family as a freelance lecturer. I also imbibed a way of thinking about the past in which visionaries and underdogs—Tom Paine, Wendell Phillips, Eugene V. Debs, and W. E. B. Du Bois—were as central to the drama as presidents and captains of industry. Foner went to Columbia University for his B. A. he was majoring in physics until he took a seminar with James P. Shenton on the Civil War. It probably determined that most of my career has focused on that period. A year later, in 1963, Foner graduated summa cum laude as a history major and he studied at Oxford as a Kellett Fellow, he received a B. A. from Oriel College in 1965. Foner returned to Columbia for his Ph. D, where he worked under Richard Hofstadter, from 1973-1982 Foner served as a professor in the history department at City College and Graduate Center at City University of New York. In 1976-1977 he was a professor of American History at Princeton University. In 1980 he was Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge and he served as president of the Organization of American Historians in, and of the American Historical Association. He is one of two persons to serve as president of the Organization of American Historians, American Historical Association. Foner serves on the boards of Past and Present and The Nation. Foner has written for The New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, London Review of Books, in addition, he has spoken about history on television and radio, including Charlie Rose, Book Notes, and All Things Considered. He has appeared in documentaries on PBS and The History Channel. Foner contributed an essay and conversation with John Sayles in Past Imperfect, History According to the Movies and he was the historian in Freedom, A History of US on PBS in 2003. Foner has long considered a leading authority on the Reconstruction Era of American history
Eric Foner
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Foner at his New York City office in September 2009.
27.
Hebrew school
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Though it is largely credited with the works of Miss Rebecca Gratz, a Philadelphia Native, who sought to provide Jewish schooling to those most in need. As students received secular schooling, Miss Gratz understood the need to provide Jewish history, as a devout Jew, Gratz dedicated her life to helping the poor and neglected. In 1818, under the sponsorship of the Female Hebrew Benevolent Society, to this day, Rebecca Gratz is referenced as the foremost American Jewess of her day. Hebrew School is typically taught on Sunday and on one day of the week either Tuesday or Wednesday in the evening following secular education in private or public schools, Hebrew School Education developed in the 1800s and is largely credited to Rebecca Gratz. Today, typical Hebrew School education starts in kindergarten and culminates in the grade with confirmation. While the idea of confirmation largely grew out of Reform Judaism, however, Hebrew School Education is based in the Reform and Conservative Movements and therefore, not practiced in the Jewish Orthodox Movement. Instead Orthodox students attend schools on a daily basis such as Yeshivas where they study Jewish texts like Torah. Orthodox schooling often prepares young boys to become rabbis and involves a level of study than Hebrew School Education provides. However, some Orthodox congregations do offer Hebrew School for non-Orthodox students, during kindergarten and first grade students are introduced to major Jewish holidays. Furthermore, they are introduced to the Aleph-Bet or Hebrew alphabet, usually learning at this young age relies on a number of hands-on activities such as crafts, music, cooking and storytelling to engage young learners. Children will often sing songs in Hebrew to improve their Hebrew speaking skills, additionally, students might learn the Aleph-Bet through puzzles and other fun activities. In First Grade students will learn Torah stories such as Adam and Eve, First Grade is sometimes referred to as Grade Aleph, corresponding to the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet. Furthermore, students learn the concept of tzedakah, or charity, become acquainted with Jewish rituals and customs, and gain an understanding of Jewish history. Classes may also include lessons on Jewish ethics and morality, in the earlier years of Hebrew school children will explore God, spirituality and ethics. For example, God is one, God created the world and these experiences teach children about the holidays and mitzvot better than just reading about them. One of the most important events to place during Jewish Education is the celebration of the Bar. Oftentimes children will attend Hebrew School with the purpose of learning how to read Hebrew for their Bar/Bat Mitzvah. In these cases, the students will learn the Hebrew words that are in the Torah portion they will be reciting
Hebrew school
28.
Harvard-Westlake School
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The school has its campuses in Holmby Hills and Studio City. The school is a member of the G20 Schools group, the Harvard School for Boys was established in 1900 by Grenville C. Emery as an academy, located at the corner of Western Avenue and Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles. In 1911, it secured endorsement from the Episcopal Church becoming a non-profit organization, in 1937, the school moved to its present-day campus on Coldwater Canyon in Studio City after receiving a loan from Donald Douglas of the Douglas Aviation Company. It moved to its campus located in Holmby Hills, California in 1927. The school was purchased by Sydney Temple, whose daughter, Helen Temple Dickinson, was headmistress until 1966, the Temple family owned the school until 1977, with Mrs. Dickinson serving in an ex officio capacity. In 1968 Westlake became exclusively a secondary school, the two institutions had long been de facto sister schools and interacted socially. Complete integration and coeducation began in 1991, in 2008, more than eighteen students were expelled or suspended when a major cheating scandal rocked the school. The Middle School completed a modernization effort in September 2008, replacing the original administration building, the library. As of November 2006, a campaign has commenced for the modernization of the Upper School. Reynolds Hall, a building which is home to history, foreign language and visual arts classes. The building was then renamed Wang Hall in honor of two parents who donated approximately $5,000,000 to fund the project, in 2007, lights were added to Ted Slavin Field in order to reduce the amount of travel needed to allow teams to practice. The school also maintains an off-campus baseball facility, the OMalley Family Field, in Encino, the Upper School campus also features the three-story Seeley G. Mudd Library and Saint Saviours Chapel, a vestige from Harvard School for Boys Episcopal days. In the early 1980s, annual tuition at the schools that now make up Harvard-Westlake was around $4,000, by 1983 or 1984, this figure surpassed $5,000. For the 2013-2014 academic year, the tuition was $32,300, with typical costs for books. In 2014-15, tuition was $33,500, the new student fee was $2,000, optional bus service for school students was $2, 200-2,400. Harvard-Westlake allotted almost $7.8 million to aid for the 2011–2012 academic year. Nearly 20% of the student body received some form of assistance, with an aid package of just under $23,000
Harvard-Westlake School
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The former Administration Building, Middle School (demolished summer 2008)
Harvard-Westlake School
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Possunt Quia Posse Videntur trans.: They can because they think they can.
Harvard-Westlake School
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Ted Slavin Field, Upper School
Harvard-Westlake School
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Saint Saviour's Chapel
29.
Waterland (film)
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Waterland is a 1992 British mystery drama film based on Graham Swifts 1983 novel of the same name, directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal, and stars Jeremy Irons, Sinéad Cusack, Ethan Hawke and John Heard. The film, presumably to meet the needs of the US market, moved the location from England to Pittsburgh. The film follows the story of an anguished English-born Pittsburgh high school teacher in 1974 going through a reassessment of his life and his method is to narrate his life to his class and interweave three generations of his familys history. In an opening scene the teachers childless wife takes a child from a supermarket, the teacher explains to his class how he and his wife had a teenage romance which led to a disastrous abortion that left her infertile. The teacher is tortured by the guilt of this as well as the jealousy he demonstrated to his brother when he suspected his girlfriends child was his brothers. The girls flirtation with the older brother sets off events that lead to the boys death by drowning. A side-theme is the grandfather, who was a successful brewer. The film ends with the dismissal from his school and a possible renewal of his relationship with his wife. The Victorian mansion was used as the home to Tom Crick. Waterland at the Internet Movie Database Waterland at Rotten Tomatoes
Waterland (film)
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Waterland
