The Mahājanapadas were sixteen kingdoms and aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.
Pottery of the Northern Black Polished Ware culture (c. 500–200 BCE)
Silver coin of Avanti mahajanapada (4th century BCE)
Coin of Early Gandhara Janapada: AR Shatamana and one-eighth Shatamana (round), Taxila-Gandhara region, c. 600–300 BCE
Coin of Takshashila portraying a tree flanked by a hill surmounted by a crescent and a Nandipada above a swastika.
The Janapadas were the realms, aristocratic republics and kingdoms of the Vedic period in the Indian subcontinent. The Vedic period reaches from the late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500
Mahajanapadas
…Archaeologically, this period has been identified as corresponding in part to the Northern Black Polished Ware culture. The term "Janapada" literally means the foothold of a people. The fact that Janapada is derived from Jana points to an early stage of land-taking by the Jana people for…
Locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or Bharata Khanda.
Modern replica of utensils and falcon shaped altar used for Agnicayana, an elaborate srauta ritual originating from the Kuru kingdom, around 1000 BCE.