Mahmud II
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Mahmud II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal r
Portrait by Henri-Guillaume Schlesinger, 1839
Mahmud II enthroned, c. 1809
Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt attacks Missolonghi
Abdülmecid I
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Abdülmecid I was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839.
Mahmud II
…Judicial Ordinances, and the following year, he introduced a Council of Ministers. He died of tuberculosis later that year and was succeeded by his son Abdülmecid I, who would continue to implement his modernization efforts. Mahmud II was born on 20 July 1785, in the month of Ramazan. He was the son of Abdul Hamid…
Portrait by Konstantin Cretius
Portrait of Abdülmecid I by David Wilkie, 1840.
A painting of Abdulmejid at the Pera Museum in Istanbul (oil on canvas, 1850s).
Sultan Abdülmecid (left) with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Emperor Napoleon III of France