1.
Gen Con
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Gen Con is the largest tabletop-game convention in North America by both attendance and number of events. It features traditional pen-and-paper, board, and card games, including role-playing games, miniatures wargames, live action role-playing games, collectible card games, Gen Con also features computer games. Attendees engage in a variety of tournament and interactive game sessions, in 2015, Gen Con had 61,423 unique attendees, making it one of the largest conventions in North America. Established in 1968 as a convention by Gary Gygax, who later co-created Dungeons & Dragons, Gen Con was first held in Lake Geneva. Other Gen Con conventions have been held sporadically in various locations around the United States, in 1976, Gen Con became the property of TSR, Inc. the gaming company co-founded by Gygax. TSR were acquired by Wizards of the Coast in 1997, which was acquired by Hasbro. Hasbro then sold Gen Con to the former CEO of Wizards of the Coast, Peter Adkison, Gen Con spent a short time under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, due to a lawsuit brought against them by Lucasfilm in 2008. The organization emerged from bankruptcy protection a year later, while holding its regularly scheduled events. Some IFW gamers in the Chicago area could not make the journey to Malvern, so they had a gathering that same weekend at the Lake Geneva. Later this gathering would come to be referred to as Gen Con 0, in 1968, Gygax rented Lake Genevas Horticultural Hall to hold a follow-up IFW convention, the Lake Geneva Wargames Convention, later known as the Gen Con gaming convention. The IFW, which Gygax co-founded, put up $35 of the $50 Horticultural Hall fee to sponsor this first Gen Con, at the second Gen Con in August 1969, Gygax met Rob Kuntz and Dave Arneson. During these early conventions, the events centered around board games, Gen Cons name is a derivation of Geneva Convention, due to the conventions origins in Lake Geneva. It is also a play on words, as the Geneva Conventions are a set of important international treaties regarding war, starting in 1971, Gen Con was co-sponsored by the Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association. Beginning in 1975, Gen Con was managed and hosted by TSR, in 1978 the convention moved to the University of Wisconsin–Parkside campus in Kenosha, where it remained through 1984. A Gen Con West was held in California for only three years, 1976–1978. From 1978 to 1984, Gen Con South was held in Jacksonville, Florida, and Gen Con East was held in 1981 and 1982, first in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and then in Chester, Pennsylvania. In 1985, Gen Con moved to the Milwaukee Exposition & Convention Center & Arena in Milwaukee, after the move, attendance steadily rose from 5,000 to a peak of 30,000 in 1995, making Gen Con the premier event in the role-playing game industry. In 1992, Gen Con broke all attendance records for any U. S. gaming convention
2.
Indianapolis
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Indianapolis, is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, with an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U. S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people and its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers 372 square miles, making it the 16th largest city by area in the U. S. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the position as a manufacturing. Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nations population, Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The city is perhaps best known for hosting the worlds largest single-day sporting event. The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U. S. outside of Washington, D. C. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, Indianapolis is considered a high sufficiency global city. In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U. S. Congress donated four sections of land to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Marys and this tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families, on January 11,1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6,1821, in April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31,1821, a combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30,1847, Samuel Henderson, the citys first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter provided for an elected mayor
3.
Indiana
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Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
4.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
5.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
6.
Bel Air, Los Angeles
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Bel Air, Bel-Air or Bel Air Estates is a neighborhood in the Westside area of Los Angeles, California, in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. The lightly populated district, with an older, well-educated population, has a high income level. The 2000 U. S. census counted 7,691 residents in the 6. 37-square-mile Bel Air neighborhood, with 1,207 per square mile it has among the lowest population densities for the city and the county. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 8,253, in 2000 the median age for residents was 46, which was high for city and county neighborhoods. The percentages of residents aged 50 and older was among the countys highest, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $207,938, the highest figure for any neighborhood or city in Los Angeles County. Renters occupied 14. 5% of the stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 85. 5%. The average household size of 2.4 people was considered typical for Los Angeles, the 4. 1% of families headed by single parents was considered low for city and county neighborhoods. The percentages of married people in Bel Air were among the countys highest—66. 0% for men and 65. 7% for women, there were 808 veterans, or 12. 9% of the population. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically within Los Angeles, the breakdown was whites,83. 0%, Asians,8. 2%, Latinos,4. 6%, blacks,0. 9%, and others,3. 2%. Iran and South Africa were the most common places of birth for the 24. 1% of the residents who were born abroad—which was a percentage for Los Angeles as a whole. The community was founded in 1923 by Alphonzo Bell, Bell owned farm property in Santa Fe Springs, California, where oil was discovered. He bought a ranch with a home on what is now Bel Air Road. He subdivided and developed the property with large residential lots and he also built the Bel-Air Beach Club in Santa Monica and the Bel-Air Country Club. His wife chose Italian names for the streets and she also founded the Bel-Air Garden Club in 1931. Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods, Bel Air is situated about 12 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles and includes some of the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. It lies across Sunset Boulevard from the edge of the main campus of the University of California. At the heart of the community sits the Bel-Air Country Club, along with Beverly Hills and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood, it is one of the Three Bs, a wealthy area in the Los Angeles Westside. This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bel Air has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps
7.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
8.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
9.
Shaker Heights High School
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Shaker Heights High School is a public high school located in Shaker Heights, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. The high school is the public high school in the Shaker Heights City School District, which serves Shaker Heights. Shaker Heights High School is an International Baccalaureate World School, the public high school in Cuyahoga County to hold this accreditation. It is consistently ranked among the top districts in the state for National Merit semifinalists, according to a 2004 survey by The Wall Street Journal, Shaker Heights High School is one of the top feeder schools in the nation for admission to the most selective colleges and universities. The high school has also recognized by Money and Redbook magazines. In 1998, the school was named a Grammy Signature School by the National Academy of Recording Arts, the school colors are red and white and its mascot is the Raider. The high school has an open policy, which is in keeping with its college preparatory environment. The school has received attention for its efforts to close the gap between achievements of minority students and non-minority students. One of the most active organizations at the school is the Student Group on Race Relations, founded in 1983, the group has high school students visit elementary schools to promote good social relations among racially diverse children. In addition, as a way to help narrow the achievement gap, Shaker Heights High School offers 23 Advanced Placement courses, the largest advanced Advanced Placement in Cuyahoga County. In 2009,153 students, 38% of students taking Advanced Placement exams, won Advanced Placement Awards because of high scoring on multiple exams, the high school began offering International Baccalaureate courses in 2010 and is the only public high school in Cuyahoga County to hold this accreditation. The first class of International Baccalaureate Diploma candidates graduated in 2012, the district estimates that roughly 90% of Shaker High graduates attend college. The high school ranks in the top 2% of high schools in the country by Newsweek Magazine, whose rankings are based on the number of Advanced Placement, Shaker Heights High School sports a science wing with a roughly fifty-seat planetarium and several laboratory rooms. Sciences offered include astronomy, bioethics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering applications, environmental science, oceanography, project physics and engineering, and physics. In addition to English, the school offers six languages, more than any other public high school in Cuyahoga County, including Chinese, French, German, classical Greek, Latin. In addition, Shaker Heights High School is the public school in the state of Ohio that offers a four-year-long Greek program. The high school has a Confucius Classroom supported by the Confucius Institute, the high school also serves as a location for a Chinese language immersion camp affiliated with The Ohio State University. The high school has student exchange programs with the Universidad del Valle de México in Mexico City, Mexico
10.
University of Miami
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The University of Miami is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the university enrolls 16,848 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, the university offers 116 undergraduate,105 masters, and 63 doctoral degree programs, of which 59 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study. Over the years, the students have represented all 50 states. With more than 14,000 full and part-time faculty and staff, uM’s main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings. In the 2017 U. S. News and World Report study of colleges and universities, Research is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $346.6 million per year in sponsored research grants. UM offers a library system with over 3.1 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage. UM also offers a range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities. UMs intercollegiate athletic teams, collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes, UMs football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982. They believed that a university would benefit their community. They were overly optimistic about future financial support for UM because the South Florida land boom was at its peak, the university began in earnest in 1925 when George E. Merrick, the founder of Coral Gables, gave 160 acres and nearly $5 million, to the effort. These contributions were land contracts and mortgages on real estate that had sold in the city. The university was chartered on April 18,1925 by the Circuit Court for Dade County. By the fall of 1926, when the first class of 372 students enrolled at UM, the boom had collapsed. For the next 15 years the university barely remained solvent, the construction of the first building on campus, now known as the Merrick Building, was left half built for over two decades due to economic difficulties. In the meantime, classes were held at the nearby Anastasia Hotel, with partitions separating classrooms, in 1929, Walsh and the other members of the Board of Regents resigned in the wake of the collapse of the Florida economy. UMs plight was so severe that students went door to door in Coral Gables collecting funds to keep it open, a reconstituted ten-member Board was chaired by UMs first president Bowman Foster Ashe. The new board included Merrick, Theodore Dickinson, E. B, douglas, David Fairchild, James H. Gilman, Richardson Saunders, Frank B. Shutts, Joseph H. Adams, and J. C, in 1930, several faculty members and more than 60 students came to UM when the University of Havana closed due to political unrest
11.
Christine Chapel
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Portrayed by Majel Barrett, she was the ships nurse on board the Starfleet starship USS Enterprise. Barrett had previously been cast under her name as Number One in the first pilot for the series, The Cage. But following feedback from the Network executives, she was not in the cast for the second pilot, the character made her first appearance in The Naked Time following a re-write of the script by Roddenberry. He had been inspired after Barrett read a proposal for the episode What Are Little Girls Made Of. the change of color caused Roddenberry to believe that NBC executives might not notice that Barrett had returned against their wishes. The character was featured in episodes covering several broad themes, such as showing her feelings for Spock. By the time of The Motion Picture, Chapel was a Doctor and during the events of The Voyage Home, she was stationed at Starfleet Command. Executive producer Robert H. Justman was initially critical of Barrett’s performance as Chapel, Barrett herself was not fond of the Chapel character, and David Gerrold felt that she only served to demonstrate Spocks emotionless behavior. Critics saw the character as being a degradation for Barrett compared to her first character, while the position of nurse was seen as a stereotype, the characters promotion to doctor was praised. Among fans, she was unpopular due to her feelings for Spock. Prior to working on Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry had been developing a variety of pilots for Screen Gems. One actress he auditioned was Majel Leigh Hudec, later to use the name Majel Barrett, later when he created the drama series The Lieutenant, he cast her in the episode In the Highest Tradition. They quickly became friends, and entered into a relationship although Roddenberry was married at the time. During the development of the first pilot for Star Trek, The Original Series, there was reluctance from the NBC executives to agree to an actress who was almost unknown. Roddenberry did see other actresses for the part, but no one else was considered, executive producer Herbert Franklin Solow attempted to sell them on the idea that a fresh face would bring believability to the part, but they were aware that she was Roddenberrys girlfriend. Despite this they agreed to her casting, not wanting to upset Roddenberry at this point in the production, after the pilot was rejected, a second pilot was produced. While it was explained that the network disliked a female character as the second-in-command of the Enterprise. He explained that No one liked her acting and she was a nice woman, but the reality was, she couldnt act. Where No Man Has Gone Before successfully took Star Trek to a series order, Barrett had been given the role of voicing the computer on the USS Enterprise, but was demanding that Roddenberry write her into the main cast
12.
Lwaxana Troi
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This is a list of characters from the science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation. Characters are ordered alphabetically by name, and only characters who played a significant recurring role in the series are listed. Lieutenant Commander Jack R. Crusher was portrayed by actor Doug Wert, dead before the series beginning, Crusher is the late husband to Beverly Crusher and father of Wesley Crusher, and former second officer aboard the USS Stargazer, Jean-Luc Picards first command. He was killed in action at the age of 32 Earth years, Crusher assured Picard she had signed on the Enterprise-D voluntarily and not due to Picards influence. Jack Crusher once made a recording of himself in which he explained his life. Crusher intended this to be the first in a series of messages, one couple of years. By the time Wesley first got to view the recording, Jack was already long dead and she also appears in the TNG films Star Trek Generations and Star Trek, Nemesis but is uncredited in both. The character first appears in the opening episode The Child. She is said to have the closest relationship with Jean-Luc Picard, Goldberg hoped to play the new ships doctor after Gates McFadden was fired, but the producers did not see her as suitable for the role. They did not think a suitable role could be created, until Goldberg said that she did not care how big or small the role was, even if she just swept the floor in the background. It was from this they decided to give her the role of a bartender and her people, the El-Aurians, are sometimes called the listeners. As a refugee aboard the El-Aurian vessel Lakul, she is rescued from the Nexus by the USS Enterprise-B in the film Star Trek Generations, in Q Who, Guinan states that when the Borg destroyed her homeworld her people were scattered throughout the galaxy. The subsequent diaspora and reintegration of her people, and even their traditional clothing and her species is long-lived, and she is somewhere between 500 and 700 years old when she joins the Enterprise-D. Times Arrow, Part I reveals that she visited Earth in 1891, Guinan reveals in Star Trek, Nemesis that she has been married 23 times. She states in Evolution that she has children, including a son who went through a phase when he wouldnt listen to anybody – something unusual in a species of listeners. Her wise counsel occasionally proves to be valuable to the crew. In one episode, for example, she tries to show Troi that she has other abilities she can use when Trois confidence is shaken because her telepathic powers stop working temporarily. In particular, she and Picard are especially close, to where they trust one another implicitly and she does indicate that Picard stood by her at a time when she was in serious trouble and that their relationship is beyond friendship, beyond family
13.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
14.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
15.
Gene Roddenberry
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Eugene Wesley Gene Roddenberry was an American television screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series, born in El Paso, Texas, Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, where his father was a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89 combat missions in the Army Air Forces during World War II, later, he followed in his fathers footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department, where he also began to write scripts for television. As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway Patrol, Have Gun–Will Travel, in 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being canceled. He then worked on projects, including a string of failed television pilots. The syndication of Star Trek led to its popularity, this, in turn, resulted in the Star Trek feature films, on which Roddenberry continued to produce. He continued to consult on the series until his death in 1991, years after his death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his ashes carried into earth orbit. The popularity of the Star Trek universe and films has inspired films, books, comic books, video games, and fan films set in the Star Trek universe. Roddenberry was born on August 19,1921, in his parents rented home in El Paso, Texas, the family moved to Los Angeles in 1923 after Genes father passed the Civil Service test and was given a police commission there. During his childhood, Roddenberry was interested in reading, especially magazines, and was a fan of stories such as John Carter of Mars, Tarzan. Roddenberry majored in science at Los Angeles City College, where he began dating Eileen-Anita Rexroat. He obtained a license through the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training Program. He enlisted with the USAAC on December 18,1941, and he graduated from the USAAC on August 5,1942, when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was posted to Bellows Field, Oahu, to join the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force, which flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. On August 2,1943, while flying out of Espiritu Santo, the plane Roddenberry was piloting overshot the runway by 500 feet and impacted trees, crushing the nose, the official report absolved Roddenberry of any responsibility. Roddenberry spent the remainder of his career in the United States. He was involved in a plane crash, this time as a passenger. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal, in 1945, Roddenberry began flying for Pan American World Airways, including routes from New York to Johannesburg or Calcutta, the two longest Pan Am routes at the time
16.
Rod Roddenberry
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Eugene Wesley Rod Roddenberry Jr. is an American television producer and the chief executive officer of Roddenberry Entertainment. Eugene, the son of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry and Majel Barrett, is a producer on the upcoming Star Trek, Discovery. Eugene went to the John Thomas Dye School in Bel Air, and then attended Hampshire College in the early 1990s. As a young man, Roddenberry was not closely familiar with Star Trek, in 1991, when Roddenberry was 17 years old, his father died, after which he began to more closely examine Star Trek and discover what made the series special to its fans. However, as Roddenberry heard many moving stories about his fathers flaws and follies, he observed, That allowed me, as a son, not just to connect with him, but actually love him. In mid-2009, the Los Angeles Times reported that Roddenberry approved of the 2009 Star Trek film by J. J. Abrams, Roddenberry opined that the producers and writers made Star Trek cool again with the film. The undertaking inspired him to embrace the vision Gene Roddenberry had for the future. The Roddenberry Foundation funds innovative solutions to global issues in science and technology. In 2010, Roddenberry, a scuba diver since 1993, founded the Roddenberry Dive Team, to allow people to embark on undersea experiences. Roddenberry leads the team in its exploration of underwater worlds. Roddenberry, who holds a Divemaster certification, has led or participated in more than 1,000 dives from exotic locations around the world. On March 3,2016, it was announced that Roddenberry and Trevor Roth, chief operating officer of Roddenberry Entertainment, Official website Rod Roddenberry at the Internet Movie Database Official site of the Roddenberry Dive Team Official site of The Roddenberry Foundation
17.
Star Trek: The Original Series
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Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek, The Original Series to distinguish the show within the franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s, the ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk, first officer and science officer Spock, and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy. Shatners voice-over introduction during each episodes opening credits stated the purpose, Space. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise and its five-year mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. The series was produced from September 1966 to December 1967 by Norway Productions and Desilu Productions, Star Trek aired on NBC from September 8,1966 to June 3,1969 and was actually seen first on September 6,1966, on Canadas CTV network. Star Treks Nielsen ratings while on NBC were low, and the network cancelled it after three seasons and 79 episodes. Several years later, the became a bona fide hit in broadcast syndication, remaining so throughout the 1970s, achieving cult classic status. The series contains significant elements of Space Western, as described by Gene Roddenberry, on March 11,1964, Gene Roddenberry, a long-time fan of science fiction, drafted a short treatment for a science-fiction television series that he called Star Trek. This was to be set on board a large interstellar spaceship S. S. Yorktown in the 23rd century, whose crew was dedicated to exploring a small portion of our galaxy. Some of the influences on his idea that Roddenberry noted included A. E. van Vogts tales of the spaceship Space Beagle, Eric Frank Russells Marathon series of stories, and the film Forbidden Planet. Roddenberry also drew heavily from C. S. Foresters Horatio Hornblower novels that depict a sea captain who exercises broad discretionary authority on distant sea missions of noble purpose. Roddenberry often humorously referred to Captain Kirk as Horatio Hornblower in Space, Roddenberry had extensive experience in writing for series about the Old West that had been popular television fare earlier in the 1960s and the 1950s. Armed with this background, the first draft deliberately characterizes the new show as Wagon Train to the stars. Like the familiar Wagon Train, each episode was to be an adventure story, set within the overarching structure of a continuing journey. With the notable exception of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, all future television, in Roddenberrys original concept, the protagonist was Captain Robert April of the starship S. S. Yorktown. This character was developed into Captain Christopher Pike, first portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter, in April 1964, Roddenberry presented the Star Trek draft to Desilu Productions, a leading independent television production company. He met with Herb Solow, Desilus Director of Production, Solow saw promise in the idea and signed a three-year program-development contract with Roddenberry
18.
Star Trek: The Next Generation
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Star Trek, The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran between 1987 and 1994. Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller and Jeri Taylor served as producers at different times throughout its production. The series involves a starship named Enterprise and is set in the regions of the Milky Way galaxy. The first episode takes place in the year 2364,100 years after the start of the mission described in the original series. It features a new cast and a new starship Enterprise, the fifth to bear the name within the franchises storyline and these are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. TNG premiered the week of September 28,1987, drawing 27 million viewers, in total,176 episodes were made, ending with the two-hour finale All Good Things. The week of May 23,1994, the series was broadcast in first-run syndication with dates and times varying among individual television stations. Three additional Star Trek spin-offs followed The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager, and Star Trek, Enterprise. The series formed the basis for the seventh through to the tenth of the Star Trek films, and is also the setting of novels, comic books. In its seventh season, Star Trek, The Next Generation became the first, the series received a number of accolades including 19 Emmy Awards, two Hugo Awards, five Saturn Awards, and a Peabody Award. The series follows the adventures of a crew on board the starship USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry. The series is set about 70 years after the mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk. Beverly Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf, the death of Lieutenant Yar in the series first season prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. Geordi La Forge is promoted to engineer at the beginning of season 2. The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by a nefarious, the god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds. Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassian, and the Borg
19.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
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Star Trek, Deep Space Nine is a science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375. In contrast to other Star Trek TV shows, it takes place on a space station instead of a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period. The show is noted for its characters, original and complex plots, and religious themes. It often showcased darker themes, less physical exploration of space, and, in later seasons, DS9 premiered in 1993 and ran for seven seasons until 1999. The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, as overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the seriess entire run. Piller initially served as executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner, in addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria. DS9 began while Star Trek, The Next Generation was still on the air, the stations first appearance in TNG was during the sixth-season episode Birthright. In addition, two Next Generation characters, Miles OBrien and Worf, became members of DS9. The station also appeared in the Star Trek, Voyager pilot episode, each DS9 episode began with the same opening sequence. A small comet is traveling through deep space, leaving an icy trail. As shuttle craft are seen moving about, the ends with the wormhole seen opening. DS9 centers on the formerly Cardassian space station Terok Nor, the station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it. Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, Deep Space Nine becomes a key military base for the Federation in the Dominion War, and is assigned the starship USS Defiant to aid in its protection. While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings, Michael Piller considered this one of the seriess best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to learn that actions have consequences. This trend was especially noticeable toward the finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial. Unlike Star Trek, The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9, in Pillers words, People who come from different places—honorable, noble people—will naturally have conflicts
20.
First Lady
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First Lady is an unofficial title used for the wife or hostess of a non-monarchical head of state or chief executive. The term is used to describe a woman seen to be at the top of her profession or art. Collectively, the President of the United States and his spouse are known as the First Couple and, if they have children, they are usually referred to as the First Family. The term is used, primarily in the U. S. to refer to the spouse of other non-monarchical heads of state. Some other countries have a title, formal or informal, that is or can be translated as first lady, the title is not normally used for the wife of a head of government who is not also head of state. The term in the United States is also used to refer to wives of governors and, less formally, to wives of college and it has even been used in reference to female spouses of men who were chairmen of major corporations. While there has never been a spouse of a U. S. President. First Gentleman is the equivalent of the title in countries where the head of states husband has been a man. The designation First Lady seems to have originated in the United States, in the early days of the United States, there was no generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Many early first ladies expressed their own preference for how they were addressed, indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn, and after breakfast, retired to her chamber for an hour for the study of the scriptures and devotion. However, the term first lady would not come into use until the late 1800s. Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor President James Buchanan, was the first woman to be called first lady while actually serving in that position. The phrase appeared in Frank Leslies Illustrated Monthly in 1860, when he wrote, The Lady of the White House, and by courtesy, once Harriet Lane was called first lady, the term was applied retrospectively to her predecessors. The title first gained recognition in 1877, when Mary C. Ames wrote an article in the New York City newspaper The Independent describing the inauguration of President Rutherford B and she used the term to describe his wife, Lucy Webb Hayes. The current First Lady of the United States is Melania Trump, the entire family of the head of state may be known familiarly as the First Family. The spouse of the second-in-command may be known as the Second Lady, less frequently, the family would be known as the Second Family. The spouse of the governor of a U. S. state is referred to as the First Lady or First Gentleman of that state
21.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
22.
Coral Gables, Florida
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Coral Gables, officially the City of Coral Gables, is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, located southwest of Downtown Miami. The United States Census Bureau estimates conducted in 2013 yielded the city had a population of 49,631, Coral Gables is home to the University of Miami. The city of Coral Gables has its own newspaper, Coral Gables News, Coral Gables was one of the first planned communities, and prefigured the development of the gated community and the homeowners association. It is infamous for its strict zoning regulations, the city was developed by George Merrick during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The citys architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival style, including the Coral Gables Congregational Church, the domed, Catholic Church of the Little Flower was built somewhat later, in a similar Spanish Renaissance style. By 1926, the city covered 10,000 acres and had netted $150 million in sales, Merrick meticulously designed the downtown commercial district to be only four blocks wide and more than two miles long. The main artery bisected the business district, Merrick could boast that every business in Coral Gables was less than a two-block walk. During World War II many Navy pilots and mechanics were trained and housed in Coral Gables, Coral Gables is located at 25°43′42″N 80°16′16″W. It is bordered on the west by Red Road north of Sunset Drive and West 49th Avenue and it is bordered on the north by Tamiami Trail/U. S. Route 41, except for a section that extends north of 8th Street for eight blocks between Ponce de Leon Boulevard and Douglas Road. S. 1 to Battersea Road, and by Biscayne Bay south of Battersea Road, on the south, it is bordered by the Charles Deering Estate. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 37.2 square miles. 13.1 square miles of it is land and 24.0 square miles of it is water. 4% were vacant, in 2000,24. 45% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In Coral Gables,61. 11% were family households,17. 3% had a householder with no husband present. The average household size was 2.36, and the household had 1.68 vehicles. In 2000, the city population was out with 17. 4% under the age of 18,14. 58% from 18 to 24,25. 02% from 25 to 44,27. 01% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39.44 years, the population consisted of 51. 31% females and 48. 69% males. In 2000, the income for a household in the city was $77,890
23.
Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
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The film is a satire on popular fan culture, Hollywood hype, and the ad industry, which was making millions of dollars off the growing revenue from television ads. It also takes aim at television and the damage it was doing to movie attendance in the 1950s, the film was also known as Oh. For a Man. in the United Kingdom, the play had run from 1955 to 1956 and also starred Jayne Mansfield as Rita. In lieu of a song and opening of the movie. From this comedic segue, the film opens on a writer for advertising, Rockwell P. Hunter, who is low on the ladder at the La Salle agency. For Rita to endorse the lipstick, however, Rock has to pretend to be her boyfriend to make her boyfriend, Bobo Branigansky. Bobo leaks the news of Ritas new romance to the tabloids, Marlowe, meanwhile, is miserable, she thinks she is falling in love with Hunter, but her one real true love is the man who discovered her, George Schmidlap. Not being able to find Schmidlap, she pursues Hunter, though her Secretary Vi warns her that she is playing a dangerous game, Hunter soon finds fame to be a double-edged sword, getting him what he wants, but with a price to be paid for that success. Women are crazy about him, and he has no peace of mind, ultimately, he moves up the ladder at work, becoming company president, only to find it is not what he really wanted. Hunter confesses to his angry fiancée Jenny that he finds himself at the top of the heap without any meaning, as Rita Marlowe opens her television spectacular for Stay-Put Lipstick, she is surprised by the appearance of the shows surprise guest star of, George Schmidlap. Freed from strain of advertising, Rock and Jenny retire to the country to tend a chicken farm, received a nomination for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor – Musical/Comedy and a nomination for the Writers Guild of America, East WGA Award for Best Written American Comedy. The character, Rita Marlowe, is based on dumb blond stereotype epitomized in the 1950s by Marilyn Monroe, in 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The film contains joking references to several of Mansfields other roles, including The Girl Cant Help It, Kiss Them for Me, the buxom characters in the book were claimed to have been inspired by Mansfield. Is known as Mansfields signature film, and is in a package called The Jayne Mansfield Collection along with The Girl Cant Help It, twentieth Century Fox, A Corporate and Financial History. At the Internet Movie Database Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter, at AllMovie Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter. At the TCM Movie Database Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter
24.
Sylvia (1965 film)
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Sylvia is a 1965 drama film directed by Gordon Douglas, written by Sydney Boehm and starring George Maharis, Carroll Baker and Peter Lawford. Released by Paramount Pictures, it was filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sylvia West seems just about perfect in the eyes of California millionaire Frederic Summers, who proposes marriage to her. She is beautiful, brilliant, financially independent, writes poetry, but as a precaution, Summers brings in a private investigator, Alan Macklin, to do a background check. Macklin travels to Sylvias hometown of Pittsburgh, where to his surprise he learns that Sylvia is a former prostitute, Macklin elects not to inform his client of this, however, because he has the bad luck to fall in love with Sylvia himself
25.
A Guide for the Married Man
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A Guide for the Married Man is a 1967 American bedroom farce comedy film starring Walter Matthau, Robert Morse, and Inger Stevens. It was directed by Gene Kelly and it features a large number of cameos, including Lucille Ball, Jack Benny, Terry-Thomas, Jayne Mansfield, Sid Caesar, Carl Reiner, Joey Bishop, Art Carney and Wally Cox. The title song, performed by The Turtles, was composed by John Williams with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, Paul Manning discovers one day that his dear friend and neighbor Ed Stander has been cheating on his wife. Curious, he asks Ed about it and is given the history, with each new story, Paul cant help but notice the attractive blonde, Irma Johnson, who lives nearby. Paul gets close to cheating on his wife Ruth, but he never goes through with it. In a scene near the end when he is in a room with another woman, Jocelyn. He looks out the window to see the police, and they are going to the next door where his friend Ed is in bed with Mrs. Johnson. Paul takes this opportunity to flee the scene and run home to his beloved wife, the film has gone on to become a cult classic
26.
Track of Thunder
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Track of Thunder is a 1967 stock car racing film starring Tommy Kirk. Gary and Bobby are two stock car drivers who grew up together and both love the girl, Shelley. Fake newspaper articles by Georgina Clark start appearing highlighting a feud between them, at first Bobby and Gary ignore the reports but eventually the rivalry becomes genuine. Bobbys mechanic, Bowswer Smith, exposes the truth, Bobby refuses to drive Carstairs car in the big race so Bowser replaces him and is killed. Bobby quits racing and settles down on a farm with Shelley, Gary becomes a champion stock car racer. Garys father marries Bobbys mother and Carstairs is arrested for embezzlement, in real life, Tommy Kirk was a go-karting enthusiast. I was fooling around with drugs at the time so I was about half awake in that film, I just sort of walked through it and took the money. I dont think its a completely useless piece of trash like some of the other things I did, however it did allow some of the facing footage was okay. List of American films of 1967 Track of Thunder at the Internet Movie Database Track of Thunder at TCMDB
27.
Desilu Productions
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Desilu Productions was an American television production company co-owned by husband and wife Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball, best known for shows such as I Love Lucy, Star Trek, and The Untouchables. Ball and Arnaz jointly owned the majority stake in Desilu from its inception until 1962, Ball had succeeded in making Desilu profitable again by 1967, when she sold her shares of Desilu to Gulf+Western for $17 million. After the sale, Gulf+Western rebranded Desilu as the arm of its Paramount Pictures subsidiary. Its entire library is owned by CBS Television Studios. The pre-1960 library is copyrighted to CBS Broadcasting, Inc. while CBS Studios, in 2016, The Hensley Group acquired the Desilu brand and controls Desilu Corporation, the parent to Desilu Studios, Desilu Motion Pictures and Desilu Television. Desilu Productions was formed in 1950 using the names of Desi Arnaz. Desilu Productions was initially created to produce Lucy and Desis vaudeville act to sell the series to Columbia Broadcasting System executives. Both Arnaz and Ball wanted to adapt Balls CBS radio series My Favorite Husband to television, the television project eventually became I Love Lucy. During the first few years of I Love Lucy, Desilu rented space at General Service Studios, on Santa Monica Boulevard, Desilu Productions used Stage Two, which was named Desilu Playhouse. Later, an entrance was created at 6633 Romaine Street on the south side of the lot to allow entrance into the Desilu Playhouse. Balls contribution was more on the artistic side, Ball had developed a sense for making many Desilu program proposals which would be popular to broad audiences and be successful in both their original broadcast and syndication reruns. Before starring in I Love Lucy, Ball had starred in many B movies before co-founding Desilu Productions, Ball approved high-quality, original production concepts for development into broadcast series. She assessed proposed projects based on how the public would enjoy the production and their potential for long-term acceptance and this ensured a profitable revenue stream from the programs through reruns, which would recover the studios initially high development and production costs. Star Trek, Mission Impossible, and The Untouchables are examples, much of Desilu Productions early success can be traced to Arnazs unusual business style in his role as producer of I Love Lucy. As a result, by the end of the season, episodes would be entirely paid for. At that time, most television programs were broadcast live, and as the largest markets were in New York, the use of film enabled every station around the country to broadcast high-quality images of the show. Network executives considered the use of film an unnecessary extravagance, Arnazs unprecedented arrangement is widely considered to be one of the shrewdest deals in television history. As a result of his foresight, Desilu reaped the profits from all reruns of the series, Desilu soon outgrew its first space and in 1954 bought its own studio, the Motion Picture Center on Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood, what is now RED Studios Hollywood
28.
Bonanza
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Bonanza is an NBC television western series that ran from 1959 to 1973. The show continues to air in syndication, the show is set around the 1860s and it centers on the wealthy Cartwright family, who live in the area of Virginia City, Nevada, bordering Lake Tahoe. The series stars Lorne Greene, Dan Blocker, Michael Landon, Pernell Roberts, the show is known for presenting moral dilemmas. The shows theme song itself, called Bonanza, became a hit song in its own right, only instrumental renditions, absent Ray Evans words, were ever used during the series long run. In 2002, Bonanza was ranked No.43 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the time period for the television series is roughly between 1861 to 1867 during and shortly after the American Civil War. During the summer of 1972, NBC aired reruns of episodes from the 1967–1970 period in time on Tuesday evening under the title Ponderosa. The show chronicles the adventures of the Cartwright family, headed by the thrice-widowed patriarch Ben Cartwright. Via exposition and flashback episodes, each wife was accorded a different ancestry, English, Swedish, the familys cook was the Chinese immigrant Hop Sing. Greene, Roberts, Blocker, and Landon were billed equally, the opening credits would alternate the order among the four stars. The family lived on a 600, 000+ acre ranch called the Ponderosa on the shore of Lake Tahoe in Nevada. The vast size of the Cartwrights land was quietly revised to half a million acres on Lorne Greenes 1964 song, the ranch name refers to the Ponderosa Pine, common in the West. The nearest town to the Ponderosa was Virginia City, where the Cartwrights would go to converse with Sheriff Roy Coffee, or his deputy Clem Foster. You always saw stories about family on comedies or on an anthology, but Bonanza was the first series that was week-to-week about a family, Bonanza was a period drama that attempted to confront contemporary social issues. That was very difficult to do on television, most shows that tried to do it failed because the sponsors didnt like it, and the networks were nervous about getting letters, explains Stephen Battaglio, a senior editor for TV Guide magazine. Episodes ranged from high drama, to comedy, and addressed issues such as the environment, substance abuse, domestic violence, anti-war sentiment. The series sought to illustrate the cruelty of bigotry against, Asians, African-Americans, Native Americans, Jews, Mormons, originally, the Cartwrights tended to be depicted as put-off by outsiders. Lorne Greene objected to this, pointing out that as the areas largest timber and livestock producer, the producers agreed with this observation and changed the Cartwrights to be more amiable. Though not familiar stars in 1959, the cast quickly became favorites of the first television generation, the order of billing at the beginning of the broadcast appeared to be shuffled randomly each week, with no relation whatsoever to the current episode featured that week
29.
The Untouchables (1959 TV series)
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The Untouchables is an American crime drama that ran from 1959 to 1963 on the ABC Television Network, produced by Desilu Productions. The book was made into a film in 1987 by Brian De Palma, with a script by David Mamet. A powerful, dynamic, hard-hitting action drama, and a crime series. This squad was nicknamed The Untouchables, because of their courage and honesty, Eliot Ness himself had died suddenly in May 1957, shortly before his memoir and the subsequent TV adaptation were to bring him fame beyond any he experienced in his lifetime. The pilot for the series was an episode entitled The Untouchables originally aired on Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse on April 20 and 27,1959. CBS, which had broadcast most of Desilus television output since 1951 beginning with I Love Lucy, was offered the new series following the success of the pilot film, chairman William S. Paley rejected it on the advice of network vice president Hubbell Robinson. ABC agreed to air the series, and The Untouchables premiered on October 15,1959, in the pilot movie, the mobsters generally spoke with unrealistic pseudo-Italian accents, but this idiosyncratic pronunciation was dropped when the series debuted. The weekly series first followed the premise of a struggle to establish a new boss in Capones absence. The show drew criticism from some Italian-Americans, including Frank Sinatra. The Capone family unsuccessfully sued CBS, Desilu Productions, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation for their depiction of the Capone family. In the first episode of the first season, the character of Agent Rossi and they expressed displeasure with the program, which to them vilified Italian-Americans, stereotyping them as the singular criminal element. The boycott and the attendant firestorm of publicity had the effect Anastasio, there will be more stress on the law-enforcement role of Rico Rossi, Nesss right-hand man on the show. The second episode of the series, for example, depicted Ness and his crew involved in the capture of the Ma Barker gang, the producers agreed to insert a spoken disclaimer on future broadcasts of the episode stating that the FBI had primary responsibility for the Barker case. The series had 118 episodes which ran 50 minutes each, the television episodes were broadcast in no chronological timeline, but were set mostly in the early 1930s. The gripping theme music was by Nelson Riddle, quinn Martin produced the shows first season, which contained elements that could be found in future TV series produced by Martin. ** The character of Untouchable William Youngfellow, portrayed by Abel Fernandez, has been referred to by Saturday Night Live actor Dan Aykroyd as Youngblood. The Untouchables was notable for the number of past and future motion picture and television stars, and cult actors. Johnsons wife and manager rejected the deal, and demanded double the salary offer, Arnaz refused and signed Stack, instead
30.
The Lucy Show
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The Lucy Show is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from 1962–68. It was Lucille Balls follow-up to I Love Lucy, a significant change in cast and premise for the 1965–66 season divides the program into two distinct eras, aside from Ball, only Gale Gordon, who joined the program for its second season, remained. For the first three seasons, Vivian Vance was the co-star, Ball won consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for the series final two seasons, 1966–67 and 1967–68. In 1962, two years after Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had divorced and the episode of The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour aired. After a two-year run, the comedy series Pete and Gladys, starring Harry Morgan, the red-headed Williams had been promoted as the next Lucille Ball. At that time, Desilu was left only one hit series. Arnaz, as President of Desilu, offered Ball an opportunity to return to television in a weekly sitcom. At that time, CBS executives were somewhat dubious as to whether Ball could carry a show without Arnaz and it was never intended for this program to go beyond a single season. It was a strategy that Ball herself would use in the future to take control of The Lucy Shows renewal from CBS. With Arnazs encouragement and persuasion, Ball agreed to do the show, provided it be shown on Monday nights, CBS agreed to a full season of episodes and The Lucy Show premiered on Monday night, October 1,1962, at 8,30 p. m. In order to get Vance to commit to the series, Arnaz acquiesced to her demands for an increase in salary, co-star billing, a more attractive wardrobe and, finally, that her characters name be Vivian. After doing I Love Lucy, she was still being called Ethel by people on the street, the consensus was that fans would be offended with a Lucy who was divorced, despite the fact that this was a new character and Ball herself was divorced. The character of Vivian Bagley became televisions first divorced woman on primetime television, in the shows original format, Lucy had been left with a substantial trust fund by her late husband, which was managed during the first season by local banker Mr. Barnsdahl. Comedian Dick Martin, working solo from his longtime partner Dan Rowan, was cast in ten episodes as Lucys next-door neighbor, Harry Connors, the first season of The Lucy Show fully utilized the talents of Bob Carroll, Jr. At the end of its first season, The Lucy Show received rave reviews from the critics, Ball was nominated for an Emmy Award as Best Actress in a Series, but lost to Shirley Booth for the NBC comedy hit Hazel. Bolstered by great ratings, the series was renewed for a second year, at the beginning of the 1963–1964 season, Desi Arnaz resigned as head of Desilu and as the executive producer of The Lucy Show. Ball took over as President of the studio and Elliott Lewis replaced Arnaz as executive producer of Balls series, Dick Martin, Don Briggs, Tom Lowell, and Charles Lane left the show. The characters of Harry Connors and Alan Harper were never mentioned again, Briggs would make one more appearance as Eddie Collins in the episode Lucy Goes Duck Hunting
31.
The Lieutenant
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The Lieutenant is an American television series, the first created by Gene Roddenberry. It aired on NBC on Saturday evenings in the 1963–1964 television schedule and it was produced by Arena Productions, one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers most successful in-house production companies of the 1960s. Situated at Camp Pendleton, the West Coast base of the U. S. Marine Corps, the title character is Second Lieutenant William Tiberius Rice, a rifle platoon leader and one of the training instructors at Camp Pendleton. An hour-long drama, The Lieutenant explores the lives of enlisted Marines, the series was released on DVD in two half-season sets by the Warner Archive Collection on August 14,2012. Gary Lockwood starred as USMC Second Lieutenant William Tiberius Rice, a recent graduate of the United States Naval Academy who had assigned his first command. Rice is a young, educated idealist who still has much to learn from an older mentor, Robert Vaughn played Captain Raymond Rambridge, Rices company commander, an up-from-the-ranks officer. Actor Gary Lockwood was twenty-six years of age and still an actor at the time the series premiered. Lockwood received his family name from early mentor Joshua Logan. He did not do so because the producers and network executives convinced him there would be unpleasant payback if he did. Lockwood later compared being a TV star to being a jet pilot, many experts, he said, worked behind the scenes and then the pilot entered the hot seat and made it all work. As of April 2016, The Lieutenant was being transmitted on the GetTV digital OTA network on Wednesday evenings in a four, back-to-back, one hour and these transmissions did not follow the original airdate order. One episode of The Lieutenant was never actually transmitted, the Paley Center for Media in New York City possesses a videotape of the episode. This episode was transmitted on the cable channel TNT in the early 1990s. The Lieutenant performed well in the ratings, considering the competition from The Jackie Gleason Show on CBS, the program had occupied the time slot previously held by the legal drama Sam Benedict, which starred Edmond OBrien and Richard Rust. Rust also guest starred in an episode of The Lieutenant, Roddenberry recruited Lockwood one more time, in Where No Man Has Gone Before, the second pilot installment for Star Trek, as Lieutenant Commander Gary Mitchell. A middle name would be reused for Star Trek, the title character in The Lieutenant was Second Lieutenant William Tiberius Rice, on the original series of Star Trek, the title character was given as James T. Kirk. It was not until the series that writer David Gerrold replaced the T, giving us Captain James Tiberius Kirk, however. According to Gerrold, he had been influenced by I, Claudius, and had approached Roddenberry with his choice of middle name, Roddenberry would later reuse the name and initial William T. for Commander William Riker, portrayed by Jonathan Frakes in Star Trek, The Next Generation
32.
Lucille Ball
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Lucille Désirée Ball was an American actress, comedienne, model, film-studio executive, and producer. She was best known as the star of the self-produced sitcoms I Love Lucy, The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour, The Lucy Show, Heres Lucy, Balls career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her career on Broadway using the stage names Diane Belmont. She later appeared in minor film roles in the 1930s and 1940s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures. During this time, she met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz, in the 1950s, Ball ventured into television. In 1951, Arnaz and she created the sitcom I Love Lucy, the same year, Ball gave birth to their first child, Lucie Arnaz, followed by Desi Arnaz, Jr. in 1953. Ball and Arnaz divorced in May 1960, and she married comedian Gary Morton in 1961, in 1962, Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions, which produced many popular television series, including Mission, Impossible and Star Trek. Ball did not back away from acting completely, appearing in film, Ball was nominated for 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning four times. In 1977, Ball was among the first recipients of the Women in Film Crystal Award and she was the recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B. Born in Jamestown, New York, Lucille Désirée Ball was the daughter of Henry Durrell Ball and her family lived in Wyandotte, Michigan for a time. When she was three and a half, her father died from fever at age 27. Her family and she moved to Celoron to live with her grandparents. She sometimes later claimed that she had born in Butte. A number of magazines reported inaccurately that she had decided that Montana was a romantic place to be born than New York. In fact, her father had moved the family to Anaconda, Montana and her family was Baptist, and her ancestry was mostly English, and included small amounts of Scottish, French, and Irish. Her father, a lineman for Bell Telephone Company, was transferred because of his occupation. Within three years of her birth, Lucille had moved with her parents from Jamestown to Anaconda, Montana, while DeDe Ball was pregnant with her second child, Frederick, Henry Ball contracted typhoid fever and died in February 1915. Ball recalled little from the day her father died, but remembered a bird getting trapped in the house, from that day forward, she suffered from ornithophobia
33.
Leave It to Beaver
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Leave It to Beaver is an American television sitcom about an inquisitive and often naïve boy, Theodore The Beaver Cleaver, and his adventures at home, in school, and around his suburban neighborhood. The show also starred Barbara Billingsley and Hugh Beaumont as Beavers parents, June and Ward Cleaver, the show has attained an iconic status in the United States, with the Cleavers exemplifying the idealized suburban family of the mid-20th century. The show was created by the writers Joe Connelly and Bob Mosher and these veterans of radio and early television found inspiration for the shows characters, plots and dialogue in the lives, experiences and conversations of their own children. Leave It to Beaver is one of the first primetime sitcom series written from a point of view. Like several television dramas and sitcoms of the late 1950s and early 1960s, in a typical episode, Beaver gets into some sort of boyish scrape, then faces his parents for reprimand and correction. Neither parent was omniscient, the series showed the parents debating their approach to child rearing. Leave It to Beaver ran for six full 39-week seasons, the series had its debut on CBS on October 4,1957. The following season, it moved to ABC, where it stayed until completing its run on June 20,1963, throughout the shows run, it was shot with a single camera on black-and-white 35mm film. The shows production companies included the comedian George Gobels Gomalco Productions and Kayro Productions with filming at Revue Studios/Republic Studios, the show was distributed by MCA TV. Contemporary commentators praised Leave It to Beaver, with Variety comparing Beaver to Mark Twains Tom Sawyer, much juvenile merchandise was released during the shows first run, including board games, novels, and comic books. The show has enjoyed a renaissance in popularity since the 1970s through off-network syndication, a reunion telemovie, in 1997, a movie version based on the original series was released to moderate acclaim. In October 2007, TV Land celebrated the shows 50th anniversary with a marathon, although the show never broke into the Nielsen ratings top 30 or won any awards, it placed on Time magazines unranked 2007 list of The 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time. According to Tony Dow, If any line got too much of a laugh and they didnt want a big laugh, they wanted chuckles. In 1957, the radio, film and television writers Joe Connelly and Bob Mosher developed a concept for a TV show about childhood and family life featuring a fictional suburban couple, working titles during the shows gestation period included Its a Small World and Wally and the Beaver. The pilot aired April 23,1957, as Its a Small World on the anthology series Heinz Studio 57, the stars of the pilot were Casey Adams and Paul Sullivan. They were replaced as production of the series neared, six months after the broadcast of the pilot, the series debuted on CBS on Friday October 4,1957, as Leave It to Beaver, with the episode third in production order, Beaver Gets Spelled. The intended premiere, Captain Jack, displayed a toilet tank, Captain Jack has claimed its place in television history as the first American TV show to display a toilet tank. In 1997, it was ranked number 42 in TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, remington Rand was a potential sponsor during the shows conception and counseled against the shows suggested title, Wally and the Beaver, believing viewers would think the show was a nature program
34.
Science fiction
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Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
35.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fictional Star Trek universe, depicted in four network television series, six feature films, and countless books and fan-created media. The ships design formed the basis for one of sci-fis most iconic images, though the ship has gone over many changes over the course of its television, a refit version of NCC-1701 appears in the first three Star Trek films. The 2009 Star Trek film, which place in an alternate timeline. The original starship was destroyed in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Star Trek art director Matt Jefferies was the primary designer of the original Enterprise, which was originally named Yorktown in series creator Gene Roddenberrys first outline drafts of the series. Jefferies experience with aviation led to his Enterprise designs being imbued with what he called aircraft logic, the ships NCC-1701 registry number stemmed from NC being one of the international aircraft registration codes assigned to the United States, the second C was added for differentiation. According to The Making of Star Trek, NCC is the Starfleet abbreviation for Naval Construction Contract, the 1701 was chosen to avoid any possible ambiguity, according to Jefferies, the numbers 3,6,8, and 9 are too easily confused. Other sources cite it as a reference to the house across the street from where Roddenberry grew up, Jefferies own sketches provide the explanation that it was his 17th cruiser design with the first serial number of that series,1701. The Making of Star Trek explains that USS should mean United Space Ship, however, the decals included with the AMT USS Enterprise model kit permitted the builder to customize the ship as any of the twelve starships in the class. As the lowest hull number is NCC-1700, USS Constitution, it is accepted that Constitution is the class leader. The first miniature built for the pilot episode The Cage was unlit and approximately 33 inches long, initially, the models were static and had no electronics. For the second pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, various details of the 11-foot model were altered, when the series was picked up and went into production, the model was altered yet again. Save for re-used footage from the two episodes, this was the appearance of the ship throughout the series, except for some detail added to nacelles for shots used in The Trouble with Tribbles. Two small models were made for the episode Catspaw, one embedded in a block of lucite. Greg Jein created a model of the original Enterprise for the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Trials, jeins model was built to be exactly half the size of the larger of the two original models, and later appeared in the 1998 Star Trek wall calendar. The refit Enterprise that appears in the first three Star Trek films was designed by Richard Taylor, the ship was based on conceptual sketches done by Jeffries for the scrapped Star Trek, Phase II TV series. The 8-foot model was re-used as the USS Enterprise-A in the fourth, fifth, foundation Imaging created a CGI model of the ship for the Directors Edition release of Star Trek, The Motion Picture to add footage envisioned but never shot by director Robert Wise. Enterprise was redesigned for the 2009 Star Trek film, director J. J. Abrams wanted Enterprise to have a hot rod look while retaining the traditional shape, but otherwise afforded Industrial Light & Magic tremendous leeway in creating the ship. Perhaps the most notable change was in the engine cells
36.
Brown hair
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Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair. It varies from brown to almost black hair. It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair. People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the form of brunet. Brown hair is common among Australian Aborigines and Melanesians, although brunet is the masculine version of the popular diminutive form used to describe a little boy or young man with brown hair, the use of brunet is uncommon in English. One is more likely to say of a man or boy, He has brown hair or He is brown-haired, than to say, He is a brunette. The term brunette is the form of the French word brunet which is a diminutive form of brun meaning brown/brown-haired. All of these ultimately derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *bhrūn- brown. The form brun is still used in Scotland, particularly in rural areas. Rather, one would say, She has light brown hair, brown-haired individuals predominate in most parts of Europe. Brown hair, mostly medium to light brown shades, are dominant in Australia, Canada. Similarly to blond hair, brown hair occurs commonly among Australian Aborigine, dark brown hair is predominant in the Mediterranean parts of Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, Central Africa and in Southern Africa. Further East, very dark hair, easily mistaken for black hair. This is also true of Southern Cone of South America, the pigment eumelanin gives brown hair its distinctive color. Brown hair has more eumelanin than blond hair but also has less than black. There are two different types of eumelanin, which are distinguished from each other by their pattern of polymer bonds, the two types are black eumelanin and brown eumelanin. Black eumelanin is the darkest, brown eumelanin is much lighter than black, a small amount of black eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes grey hair. A small amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes yellow color hair, often, natural blond or red hair will darken to a brown color over time
37.
Number One (Star Trek)
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She performs the same role for Pike as Spock later does for Kirk. Although not shown on-screen, it is implied that Number One briefly takes command of the Enterprise when Captain Pike and she later beams down to the planet several times herself. During The Cage, Number One proves to her captors that humans would rather die than be slaves. The character was played by Majel Barrett, who went on to play Nurse Christine Chapel in the original Star Trek and Lwaxana Troi in Star Trek, The Next Generation, the character appears only in the unaired pilot and in the footage used in The Menagerie. Since the very first Star Trek episode, some have interpreted her title as being a proper name, One Star Trek novel, Vulcans Glory, mentions her being the top intellect of her generation, hence her name, and that she was from the planet Ilyria. Number One is a term applied to the Executive Officer of a ship. In Star Trek, The Next Generation, Captain Jean-Luc Picard frequently uses the title Number One to address his first officer, Kirk never referred on-screen to his executive officer Mr. In the Star Trek, Early Voyages comic book series she is called Lieutenant Commander Robbins, a character stating her first name is interrupted, in one issue, and we know only it starts with Eu-. In March 2009, IDW Publishing launched Star Trek, Crew, in keeping with the ongoing mystery regarding her name, the comic never refers to the character by any name, and often uses tricks of dialogue to avoid identifying her beyond her rank. Although no Star Trek comic books are considered canon, the series Early Voyages fleshed out the characters and story from The Cage, in this series, she is depicted much as she is in The Cage, and often finds herself taking command in the captains absence. Her surname is given as Robbins, Pike is interrupted when saying her first name, which starts with Eure--. Close to the end of the series, she was offered a promotion to the rank of captain and she turned it down, opting to stay aboard the Enterprise. Soon afterwards, Robert April, the captain of the Enterprise. During the mission, April gave reckless orders which led to Number One nearly being killed, much like the comic books, all novels based on Star Trek are not considered canon. Peter Davids original book series, Star Trek, New Frontier and her name is Morgan Primus, and she is the mother of Robin Lefler, a regular character in the series. New Frontier greatly fleshes out the character, assuming that she is, in fact and she frequently changed her name throughout her life, taking new identities each time so that no one would realize her immortality. She left her husband and daughter, Robin, and faked her death and she then changed her last name to Primus. Years later, the Excalibur finds her in a prison on a planet in sector 221-G, upon hearing of the impending arrival of a Starfleet ship, she expresses hope that it isnt the Enterprise, which she still mistakenly believed her daughter was serving on
38.
William Shatner
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William Shatner is a Canadian actor, author, producer, and director. In his seven decades of television, Shatner became an icon for his portrayal of James T. Kirk, Captain of the USS Enterprise. He has written a series of books chronicling his experiences playing Captain Kirk and being a part of Star Trek and he has written a series of science fiction novels called TekWar, which were adapted for television. Shatner also appeared in the NBC series, 3rd Rock from the Sun in seasons 4 and 5 as the role of the Big Giant Head whom the characters of the Series reported to. He has worked as a musician, an author, a director, and he starred as attorney Denny Crane in the final season of the legal drama The Practice and its spinoff series Boston Legal, a role that earned him two Emmy Awards. Shatner was born on March 22,1931, in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of Anne and Joseph Shatner and he has two sisters, Joy and Farla. His paternal grandfather, Wolf Schattner, anglicized the name to Shatner. All of Shatners grandparents were Jewish immigrants, and he was raised in Conservative Judaism, Shatner attended two schools in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Willingdon Elementary School and Westhill High School, and is an alumnus of the Montreal Childrens Theatre. He studied Economics at the McGill University Faculty of Management in Montreal, Canada, in June 2011, McGill University awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Letters. Shatner began performing at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Ontario, in 1954, he was cast as Ranger Bob on The Canadian Howdy Doody Show. Shatner was an understudy to Christopher Plummer, the two would appear as adversaries in Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country. Shatner had a role in an Alfred Hitchcock Presents third-season episode titled The Glass Eye. In 1959, he received good reviews when he played the role of Lomax in the Broadway production of The World of Suzie Wong. He appeared twice as Wayne Gorham in NBCs Outlaws Western series with Barton MacLane, in 1961, he starred in the Broadway play A Shot in the Dark with Julie Harris and directed by Harold Clurman. Walter Matthau and Gene Saks were also featured in this play, Shatner featured in two episodes of the NBC television series Thriller and the film The Explosive Generation. Guthrie had called the young Shatner the Stratford Festivals most promising actor, Shatner was not as successful as the others, however, and during the 1960s he became a working actor who showed up on time, knew his lines, worked cheap and always answered his phone. His motto was Work equals work, but Shatners willingness to take any role, no matter how forgettable, in the 1963–1964 season, he appeared in episodes of two ABC series, Channing and The Outer Limits. In 1963, he starred in the Family Theater production called The Soldier and that same year, he guest starred in Route 66, in the episode, Build Your Houses with Their Backs to the Sea
39.
Spock
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Spock, commonly Mr. Spock, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. In addition, numerous actors portrayed the various stages of Spocks rapid growth, due to the effects of the Genesis Planet, in the 1984 Star Trek film Star Trek III, The Search for Spock. In the 2009 film Star Trek, Nimoy reprised his role with Zachary Quinto, both reprised their roles in the 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness and Quinto reprised his role again in 2016s Star Trek Beyond. Spock serves aboard the starship Enterprise, as officer and first officer. Spocks mixed human-Vulcan heritage serves as an important plot element in many of the characters appearances, Kirk and Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy, he is one of the three central characters in the original Star Trek series and its films. After retiring from Starfleet, Spock serves as a Federation ambassador, born to the Vulcan Sarek and the human Amanda Grayson, Spock has a troubled childhood due to his mixed heritage. On his homeworld, he was bullied and tormented by full-blooded Vulcan children. For a time, he grew up alongside his older half-brother Sybok, in the episode Amok Time, it is revealed that Spock became betrothed to TPring during his childhood. Sarek supported Spocks scientific learning and supporting his application to the Vulcan Science Academy, in the 2009 film Star Trek, Spock is seen rejecting his acceptance into the Vulcan Science Academy on the basis that they would never fully accept someone who was only half-Vulcan. Because Spock did not enter the VSA, and sought to join Starfleet instead, Spock appeared as the science officer on the USS Enterprise in the first pilot for the series, The Cage. Spock was one of the members of the team who joined Captain Christopher Pike on a mission to Talos IV in order to investigate a distress call. Spock did appear in the pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before. During the events of that pilot, Spock became concerned at the risk to the ship posed by Lieutenant Commander Gary Mitchell, the earliest appearance of Spock in the series as broadcast was The Man Trap, the first such episode. When he needs to knock out a version of Kirk in The Enemy Within. Together with Chief Engineer Montgomery Scotty Scott work together to rejoin the good and evil versions of the Captain, during Miri, he finds himself to be the only member of the landing party to be immune to the physical affects of the disease affecting human adults on the planet. However, he realises that he is probably a carrier and could infect the Enterprise if he were to return, doctor Leonard McCoy manages to devise a cure, allowing the team to return to the ship. When Simon van Gelder enters the bridge armed with a phaser in Dagger of the Mind and he later conducts a mind meld with van Gelder as part of the investigation into the activities of the nearby colony. After the power to the colony is shut down, and a force field drops
40.
Star Trek: The Motion Picture
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Star Trek, The Motion Picture is a 1979 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the first Star Trek film and stars the cast of the original 1966–1969 Star Trek television series, the film is set in the twenty-third century when a mysterious and immensely powerful alien cloud known as VGer approaches Earth, destroying everything in its path. Kirk resumes command of his previous starship—the recently refitted USS Enterprise—to lead it on a mission to save the planet, when the original television series was cancelled in 1969, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry lobbied Paramount to continue the franchise through a film. The success of the series in syndication convinced the studio to work on a feature film in 1975. A series of writers attempted to craft a suitably epic script, Paramount instead planned on returning the franchise to its roots with a new television series, Star Trek, Phase II. With the cancellation of Phase II, writers rushed to adapt its planned pilot episode, In Thy Image, constant revisions to the story and shooting script continued to the extent of hourly script updates on shooting dates. The Enterprise was modified inside and out, costume designer Robert Fletcher provided new uniforms, Jerry Goldsmith composed the score, beginning an association with Star Trek that would continue until 2002. The final production cost ballooned to approximately $46 million, the film earned $139 million worldwide, falling short of studio expectations but enough for Paramount to propose a cheaper sequel. Roddenberry was forced out of control for The Wrath of Khan. In 2001, Wise oversaw a directors cut for a special DVD release of the film, with remastered audio, tightened and added scenes, and new computer-generated effects. In 2273, a Starfleet monitoring station, Epsilon Nine, detects an alien force, hidden in a cloud of energy. The cloud destroys three of the Klingon Empires new Ktinga-class warships and the station en route. On Earth, the starship Enterprise is undergoing a refit, her former commanding officer, James T. Kirk, has been promoted to Admiral. Starfleet dispatches Enterprise to investigate the cloud entity as the ship is the one in intercept range. Kirk takes command of the ship citing his experience, angering Captain Willard Decker, testing of Enterprises new systems goes poorly, two officers, including the science officer, are killed by a malfunctioning transporter, and improperly calibrated engines almost destroy the ship. Kirks unfamiliarity with the new systems of the Enterprise increases the tension between him and first officer Decker, Enterprise intercepts the energy cloud and is attacked by an alien vessel within. A probe appears on the bridge, attacks Spock and abducts the navigator and she is replaced by a robotic replica, another probe sent by VGer to study the crew. Decker is distraught over the loss of Ilia, with whom he had a romantic history and he becomes troubled as he attempts to extract information from the doppelgänger, which has Ilias memories and feelings buried within
41.
Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home
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Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home is a 1986 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the feature film based on Star Trek, and is a sequel to Star Trek III. It completes the arc begun in Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan. The crew travel to Earths past to find whales who can answer the probes call, after directing The Search for Spock, cast member Leonard Nimoy was asked to direct the next feature, and given greater freedom regarding the films content. Nimoy and producer Harve Bennett conceived a story with an environmental message, dissatisfied with the first screenplay produced by Steve Meerson and Peter Krikes, Paramount hired The Wrath of Khan writer and director Nicholas Meyer. Meyer and Bennett divided the story between them and wrote different parts of the script, requiring approval from Nimoy, lead actor William Shatner, principal photography commenced on February 24,1986. Unlike previous Star Trek films, The Voyage Home was shot extensively on location, many settings and buildings were used as stand-ins for scenes set around. Special effects firm Industrial Light & Magic assisted in post-production and the special effects. Few of the whales in the film were real, ILM devised full-size animatronics. The Voyage Home was released on November 26,1986 in North America, the films humor and unconventional story were well received by critics, fans of the series and the general audience. It was financially successful, earning $133 million worldwide, the film earned several awards and four Academy Award nominations for its cinematography and audio. It was dedicated to the crew of the Space Shuttle Challenger, principal photography for The Voyage Home began four weeks after Challenger and her crew were lost. In 2286, a cylindrical probe moves through space, sending out an indecipherable signal. As it takes up orbit around Earth, its signal disables the power grid and generates planetary storms, creating catastrophic. Starfleet Command sends out a distress call and warns starships not to approach Earth. On the planet Vulcan, the officers of the USS Enterprise are living in exile. Hearing Starfleets warning, Spock determines that the signal matches the song of extinct humpback whales. The crew uses their ship to back in time via a slingshot maneuver around the Sun
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Star Trek: The Animated Series
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Star Trek, The Animated Series is a 1973 animated science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe following the events of Star Trek, The Original Series of the 1960s. The animated series was aired under the name Star Trek, the series was critically acclaimed and was the first Star Trek series to win an Emmy Award when its second season won the 1975 Emmy for Outstanding Entertainment - Childrens Series. The series featured most of the original cast voicing their characters, except for Pavel Chekov and he was replaced by two animated characters who made semi-regular appearances, Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs, and Lt. MRess, a female Caitian. Besides performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and MRess, initially, Filmation was only going to use the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan, and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura, Nimoy also took this stand as a matter of principle, as he knew of the financial troubles many of his Star Trek co-stars were facing after cancellation of the series. Koenig was not forgotten, and later wrote an episode for the series, koenig wrote The Infinite Vulcan, which had plot elements from the original Star Trek episode Space Seed blended into it. As is usual with animation projects, the actors did not perform together. For example, William Shatner, who was touring in a play at the time, other occasional guest voice actors were also used, including Ed Bishop who voiced the Megan Prosecutor in The Magicks of Megas-tu, and Ted Knight who voiced Carter Winston in The Survivor. Nichelle Nichols also performed character voices in addition to Uhura in several episodes, including The Time Trap. Similar to most animated series of the era, the 22 episodes of TAS were spread out over two seasons, with copious reruns of each episode. The director of the first season was Hal Sutherland and Bill Reed directed the 6 episodes of season two, all of this series episodes were novelized by Alan Dean Foster and released in ten volumes under the Star Trek Logs banner. Initially, Foster adapted three episodes per book, but later saw the half-hour scripts expanded into full, novel-length stories. Star Trek, The Animated Series was the only Star Trek series not to be produced with a cold open, instead starting directly with the title credits sequence. However, some versions of the original live action series. The series writing benefited from a Writers Guild of America, East strike in 1973, here Cyrano Jones is rescued from the Klingons, bringing with him a genetically altered breed of tribbles which do not reproduce but do grow extremely large. The Klingons, because of their hatred of tribbles, are eager to get Jones back because he stole a creature they created and this is the only animated Trek episode written by original series and later Next Generation writer D. C. This was the first actual appearance of Spocks pet sehlat, first mentioned in Journey to Babel, elements of Spocks childhood from Yesteryear are also referenced in the Star Trek, The Next Generation episode Unification as well as the 2009 Star Trek feature film. Larry Nivens The Slaver Weapon, adapted from his own short story The Soft Weapon and it includes some elements from his Known Space mythos such as the Kzinti and the Slavers
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M'Ress
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MRess was a female Starfleet officer assigned to the engineering section of the USS Enterprise under the command of Captain James T. Kirk. She also occasionally assumes the role of communications officer. MRess was Caitian, a race with long, thick orange fur and yellow. She spoke softly and had a cat-like purring quality to her voice, MRess was depicted to not wear shoes, she had four digits on each paw and a cat-like tail, which was often caught and pinched as the doors on the Enterprise automatically closed behind her. The name of the Caitians homeworld is Cait according to a biography of Lt. Mress published by Lincoln Enterprises in 1974. This and additional details from the biography were adapted into prose by science fiction author Alan Dean Foster in his novelization of the animated Star Trek episode The Ambergris Element, MRess first appeared in the animated Star Trek episode The Survivor. She appeared in a total of six episodes, The Survivor, Once Upon a Planet, Mudds Passion, The Eye of the Beholder, Bem, MRess appeared in the Star Trek novel, The Galactic Whirlpool by David Gerrold published by Ballantine Books in October 1980. She was also featured in issues of the 1980s DC Comics version of Star Trek. Those stories took place a few years after the original five-year mission, MRess was featured several storylines in which she even teasingly flirted with Sulu. She appeared again in several Next Generation era Star Trek, New Frontier novels and it was explained in the novels that a time anomaly brought her forth to the future. She appears over the course of several New Frontier books, where she is involved in accusations of mental manipulation against an officer and is the suspect in the officers later murder. MRess at Memory Alpha MRess at Curt Danhausers Guide to the Animated Star Trek Caitian at Memory Alpha
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Felidae
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Felidae is the family of cats. A member of family is also called a felid. They are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores because of the large proportion of protein they require in their diet. Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, they are the strictest carnivores, the first cats emerged during the Oligocene, about 25 million years ago. In prehistoric times, there was a subfamily, the Machairodontinae. Other superficially cat-like mammals, such as the metatherians Thylacosmilus and Thylacoleo, the 42 known cat species in the world today are all descended from a common ancestor. Cats originated in Asia and spread across continents by crossing land bridges, about 60% of the modern cat species are estimated to have developed within the last million years. Felidaes closest relatives are thought to be the Asiatic linsangs, together with the Viverridae, hyenas, mongooses, and Madagascar carnivores, they form the suborder Feliformia. Most cat species share a genetic anomaly that prevents them from tasting sweetness, most cat species have a haploid number of 18 or 19. New World cats have a number of 18, possibly due to the combination of two smaller chromosomes into a larger one. Domestic cats may either have a long or short tail, at one point, biologists had to consider whether the short tail also found in the lynx was the ancestral or derived trait. Without looking at the record, researchers were able to look at the character states found in their outgroups. Because all animals belonging to Felidae’s sister taxa, Viverridae, have long tails, some domestic cats display a rosette pattern on their coats. This character state, however, is not related to the rosettes found on big cats, domestic cats and big cats underwent convergent evolution for this trait. The most common ancestor to all cats had a flecked coat, the jaguarundi lost this character state secondarily. The most common recent ancestor of snow leopards, tigers, jaguars, lions, tigers and lions, however, do not display rosettes as adults. They both have lost this character state over time. Adult tigers actually display elongated rosettes that now appear as stripes, adult lions seem to lack any distinctive markings altogether
