The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, the commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, its aim was to create a system of free soviets that would manage the transition towards a stateless and classless society.
The Union of Poor Peasants, an anarchist-communist peasant group based in Huliaipole, to which Nestor Makhno (seated, front row, far left) was a member
Anarchist soldiers of the Black Guards marching in formation
Soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Army near Odesa, during the occupation of Ukraine by the Central Powers.
The burial of insurgents killed in battle with the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Anarchist communism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that advocates communism. It calls for the abolition of private property but retention of personal property and collectively-owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".
Painting of the June Days uprising, which Joseph Déjacque considered to be a social revolution by the proletariat.
Mikhail Bakunin, leader of the anti-authoritarian faction within the International Workingmen's Association.
James Guillaume, whose work set the foundation for the development of communism from collectivism.
Carlo Cafiero, who led the break from collectivist anarchism with the first programme for anarchist communism.
