1.
Malad City, Idaho
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Malad City is the only city in Oneida County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 2,095 at the 2010 census, down from 2,158 in 2000, the city is named after the nearby Malad River, the name being French for sickly. Malad City is located along Interstate 15 on the east side of the Malad Valley 13 miles from the Utah/Idaho border, Established in 1864, Malad is one of the oldest communities in the state of Idaho. The community received its name from Donald Mackenzie, a Scottish-Canadian trapper, actually, the water had nothing to do with the mens illness, as it was later learned by the second party led by Jim Bridger between 1832 and 1835. The men had most likely eaten some beaver that fed on the roots of Water Hemlock trees that put a naturally occurring cicutoxin into the animals flesh. The beaver would have likely been immune to the poison because of long-term adaptation, Native tribes avoided this outcome by altering food preparation methods to include boiling, which apparently deactivated the poison. Malad began largely as a Welsh Mormon settlement whose settlers brought their Welsh traditions with them, in addition to the Mormon majority, some of the leading families in the community belonged to either the Presbyterian Church or the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. These two denominations each built a place of worship in the town, some of the minutes from early town meetings were taken down in both English and Welsh. The city is proud of its Welsh heritage. Malad lays claim to having more people of Welsh descent per capita than anywhere outside Wales, Malad celebrated its Welsh heritage by holding an annual “eisteddfod”, patterned after the music and poetry contests held in Wales for over 900 years. The eisteddfod was an event with people coming from all over southeastern Idaho. The event featured music, songs and storytelling of Wales, the custom continued until 1916 and the outbreak of World War I. With the goal of renewing the old tradition in Malad, in 2004. In the summer of 1843 John C, fremont and his party of 39 men passed the spot where Malad City now stands. Mormon prophet Brigham Young came through the Malad Valley in 1855, in 1856, at his request, Utahn members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints migrated to the region. This party of 15 families led by Ezra Barnard traveled to the Malad Valley, the following year in 1857, Fort Stuart was renamed Malad City. A post office was set up in 1865. By 1886 Malad City was the fastest growing village in eastern Idaho, the city was an important commercial center between Salt Lake and Butte, Montana
2.
Maharashtra
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Four Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India and is Indias second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. It is the wealthiest Indian state and it is also the worlds second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million, Nagpur is Maharashtras second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtras business opportunities along with its potential to offer a standard of living attract migrants from all over India. Ancient and medieval Maharashtra included the empires of the Satavahana dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukyas, Mughals, the major rivers of the state are Godavari, and Krishna. The Narmada and Tapti Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Maharashtra is the second most urbanised state in India. The state has several popular Hindu places of pilgrimage including Pandharpur, Dehu and Alandi, other places that attract pilgrims from other parts of India and beyond include Hazur Sahib Gurudwara at Nanded, Sai Baba shrine at Shirdi and Dikshabhumi at Nagpur. Maharashtra is the wealthiest and one of the most developed states in India, as of 2011, the state had a per capita income of ₹1.0035 lakh, more than the national average of ₹0.73 lakh. Its GDP per capita crossed the ₹1.20 lakh threshold for the first time in 2013, however, as of 2014, the GDP per capita reduced to ₹1.03 lakh Agriculture and industries are the largest parts of the states economy. Major industries include chemical products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum, Jai Maharashtra The modern Marathi language developed from the Maharashtri Prakrit, and the word Mahratta is found in the Jain Maharashtri literature. The terms Maharashtra, Maharashtri, Marathi and Maratha may have derived from the same root, however, their exact etymology is uncertain. But the Marathas as a people do not seem to be mentioned before the thirteenth or fourteenth century, the most widely accepted theory among the linguistic scholars is that the words Maratha and Maharashtra ultimately derived from a combination of Maha and rashtrika. The word rashtrika is a Sanskritized form of Ratta, the name of a tribe or dynasty of petty chiefs ruling in the Deccan region. Another theory is that the term is derived from Maha and ratha / rathi, an alternative theory states that the term derives from the word Maha and Rashtra. However, this theory has not found acceptance among scholars who believe it to be the Sanskritised interpretation of later writers. Maharashtra was ruled by the Maurya Empire in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, around 230 BCE Maharashtra came under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty for 400 years. The greatest ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni, in 90 CE Vedishri, son of the Satavahana king Satakarni, the Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty, made Junnar, thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom. The state was ruled by Western Satraps, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Vakataka, Kadambas, Chalukya Empire, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, and Western Chalukya before finally
3.
Mumbai Suburban Railway
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Mumbai Suburban Railway consists of exclusive inner suburban railway lines augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs to serve the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Spread over 465 kilometres, the railway operates 2,342 train services and carries more than 7.5 million commuters daily. By annual ridership, the Mumbai Suburban Railway is one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world, trains run from 04,00 until 01,00, and some trains also run up to 02,30. The Mumbai Suburban Railway is an offshoot of the first railway to be built by the British in India, the first train ran between Bori Bunder and Thane, a distance of 34 km, on 16 April 1853 at 15,35. The 14-coach train took 1.25 h to complete the 34 km journey, since 1991, it has been expanded rapidly. The Bombay Railway History Group has been striving to document railway heritage along this line, the Mumbai Suburban Railway system is operated by Indian Railways two zonal divisions Western Railways and Central Railways. The fast commuter rail corridors on Central Railway as well as Western Railway are shared with long distance and freight trains, WR operates the Western Line and CR operates the Central Line, Harbour Line, Trans-Harbour Line as well as the Vasai Road-Diva-Panvel line. The Western Line follows the Western Railway northwards from Churchgate parallel to the west coast, on 16 April 2013 EMU has extended up to Dahanu Road. MEMUs also operate between Dahanu Road and Panvel via a line from Bhiwandi road-Vasai Road. There are EMU carsheds at Mumbai Central and Kandivali, the largest EMU car shed in Asia is located between Nala Sopara and Virar. A repair shop for EMUs is situated at Mahalaxmi, Western Railways EMU fleet consists of EMUs completely powered by alternating current power. EMUs are 12 car or 15 car formations and are differentiated as slow, Slow trains halt at all stations, while fast ones halt at important stations only and are preferable over longer distances. The Central Line in Mumbai consists of 3 major corridors, which bifurcate as they run into suburban satellite towns and these two corridors constitute the main Central Line. There is also an 18-km corridor between Kurla and Thane stations for use of outstation and cargo trains, the outstation corridor is being extended further from Thane to Kalyan now as a part of the main line, but is halted because of the costs of tunneling the parsik hills. The Central Line has two stations with the Western Line at Parel and Dadar. Rolling stock consists of a fleet of AC as well as dual-powered DC-AC EMUs, the major car sheds on this line are at Kurla and Kalwa. There are fast and slow locals here for suburban service, Slow locals halt at every station, while fast locals halts vary between Byculla, Dadar, Kurla, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Bhandup, Mulund, Thane, Dombivali and Kalyan. All services plying beyond Kalyan run as slow service, the Central Line also includes a line connecting Vasai Road-Bhiwandi Road-Diva and Panvel
4.
Devika Rani
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Devika Rani Chaudhuri, usually known as Devika Rani, was an actress in Indian films who was active during the 1930s and 1940s. Widely acknowledged as the first lady of Indian cinema, Devika Rani had a film career that spanned 10 years. Devika Ranis early years were spent in London where she studied architecture. In 1928, she met Himanshu Rai, an Indian film-producer and she assisted in costumes design and art direction for Rais film A Throw of Dice. The two married in 1929, and went to Germany where Devika Rani learned different aspects of film-making in the UFA Studios in Berlin, Rai then cast her in the 1933 talkie Karma in which her performance received critical acclaim. Returning to India, the couple established their production studio Bombay Talkies in 1934 and they produced many women-centric films throughout the decade, with Devika Rani portraying lead roles in most of them. Her on-screen pairing with Ashok Kumar became popular in India, following Rais death in 1940, Devika Rani took over the control of the studio and produced several films. At the peak of her career she retired from films, and in 1945 she married Russian painter Svetoslav Roerich and her persona and roles in films were often considered socially unconventional. Her awards include the Padmashri, Dadasaheb Phalke Award and the Soviet Land Nehru Award, Devika Rani was born into a Bengali family in Waltair near Visakhapatnam in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Her father, Col. Manmatha Nath Chaudhuri, was the first Indian Surgeon-General of Madras Presidency and her paternal uncles were Ashutosh Chaudhuri, Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court, the prominent Kolkata-based barrister Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri and the Bengali writer Pramatha Chaudhuri. Devika Rani was related through both her parents to the poet and Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, Devikas mother, Leela Devi Chaudhuri, was the daughter of Indumati Devi Chattopadhyay, whose mother Saudamini Devi Gangopadhyay was the eldest sister of the Nobel laureate. Two of her paternal aunts Prativa Devi Choudhurani and Indira Devi Choudharani were the nieces of Rabindra Nath Tagore, Devika Ranis childhood was mostly spent in England, at the age of nine she moved to the country where she was enrolled in a boarding school. After completing her schooling in the early 1920s, she got an admission from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and she followed that with a course in architecture, textile and decor design, and apprenticed under Elizabeth Arden. Upon completion, Devika Rani started her career as textile engineer, in 1928 Devika Rani first met her future husband, Himanshu Rai. Rai, an Indian barrister-turned-film maker, was in London preparing to shoot his forthcoming film A Throw of Dice, Rai was impressed with Devikas exceptional skills and invited her to join the production team of the film, although not as an actress. She readily agreed, and traveled to India with Himanshu Rai for this assignment, assisting him in such as costume designing. The two also traveled to Germany for the work, where she had occasion to observe the film-making techniques of the German film industry, specifically of G. W. Pabst. Inspired by their methods of film-making, she enrolled for a course at Universum Film AG studio in Berlin
5.
Versova, Mumbai
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Versova is an upmarket neighbourhood in the north western Mumbai. It is known for its beach and the Versova Fort and it was part of the Portuguese empire up to 1739, when the Portuguese lost this part of their empire to the Maratha Empire. Versova is originally a fishing village of the Kolis, situated to the north of the old Mumbai city. The original name of the village is Vesave, which derives from the Marathi word for rest, in 1694, a fleet of Arabs from Muscat landed in Versova and massacred every person they could find in the village. The village is mentioned in the writings of Gemelli Careri in 1695, Versova came under the Portuguese rule in the medieval period. The Portuguese constructed the Our Lady of Health Church in Versova, by 1720, it had emerged as a small town, with a small fort and a growing trade in dry fish. In 1739, the Portuguese lost the area to the Marathas, a British force led by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Keating defeated the Marathas in 1774. In 1800, the British established a facility for artillery. However, the facility was moved to the old Bombay city after an epidemic affected nearly all the cadets. The military establishment was removed in 1818. In 1875-86, the exports from the trade amounted to GB£34,403, the Versova beach faces the Arabian Sea. A large population of Mumbais fishing community, the Kolis, reside at one end of Versova beach, fishing is the main industry in this area. Unlike the Marine Drive, which is guarded by tetrapods, Versova beach uses massive rocks to buffer the buildings from the waves, during high tide, the entire beach goes under water, hence there are no permanent structures on the beach, nor any legal inhabitants. Over the past few years, there have been attempts by local citizens, the Save Versova Beach Association was formed for the purpose, but the beach still lacks basic facilities such as lifeguards, which are critical considering the treacherous waters. The Versova beach has one known as the Rock Beach. It is highly frequented by all age group people, a very clean beach and a great place to see the sun set. Recently, the UNEP led a program to clean plastic litter, and over 43 weeks removed more than 2 million kilograms
6.
Madh Fort
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Madh Fort is a small fort in northern Mumbai, India situated at Madh Island. It was built by the Portuguese in Portuguese India and they lost it during the war against Maratha empire when the Maratha Empire captured it in February 1739. The British occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova, and it is secluded and difficult to reach, about 15 kilometres from Malad and is the last stop on route 271 of BEST bus service or via Versova by ferry boat. It is situated near Madh village and it is around 1 km walk from Madh bus stop. The fort was built by the Portuguese as a watchtower in the 17th century. It offers a view of the coastline and guards the Marve Creek. Its external façade is intact but internally it is dilapidated and it is under control of the Indian Air Force as it is located close to an Indian Air Force base and permission is needed for accessing it. Madh Island fort is surrounded by local fishermens communities, some Bollywood movies like Love Ke Liye Kuchh Bhi Karega, Shootout at Wadala, and Manmohan Desais 1985 movie Mard, Zamana Deewana, Khalnayak, Shatranj, and Tarazu were shot at this location. Many episodes of the popular serial Chandrakanta and CID have been shot in location also. List of forts in Maharashtra Portuguese structures in Mumbai
7.
Maratha Empire
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The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that existed from 1674 to 1818 and ruled over much of the Indian sub-continent. The Marathas are credited to an extent for ending the Mughal rule in India. The Marathas are Hindu warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau that rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya, known for their mobility, the Marathas were able to consolidate their territory during the Mughal–Maratha Wars and later controlled a large part of India. Chhattrapati Shahu, grandson of Shivaji, was released by Mughals after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, following a brief struggle with his aunt Tarabai, Shahu became ruler and appointed Balaji Vishwanath and later, his descendants, as the peshwas or prime ministers of the empire. Balaji and his descendants played a key role in expansion of Maratha rule, the empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south to Peshawar in the north, and Bengal and Andaman Islands in the east. In 1761, the Maratha Army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmad Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire which halted their imperial expansion into Afghanistan, ten years after Panipat, the young Peshwa Madhavrao Is Maratha Resurrection reinstated Maratha authority over North India. In a bid to manage the large empire, Madhavrao I gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the knights. They became known as the Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars of Indore and Malwa, the Scindias of Gwalior and Ujjain, the Bhonsales of the Nagpur and the Puars of Dhar and Dewas. In 1775, the East India Company intervened in a Peshwa family succession struggle in Pune, the Marathas remained the preeminent power in India until their defeat in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars which left the East India Company in control of most of India. A large portion of the Maratha empire was coastline, which had secured by the potent Maratha Navy under commanders such as Kanhoji Angre. He was very successful at keeping foreign naval ships, particularly of the Portuguese and British, securing the coastal areas and building land-based fortifications were crucial aspects of the Marathas defensive strategy and regional military history. The Maratha Empire is also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, the historian Barbara Ramusack says that the former is a designation preferred by Indian nationalists, while the latter was that used by British historians. Maratha power was fragmented among several discrete fragments, although at present, the word Maratha refers to a particular caste of warriors and peasants, in the past the word has been used to describe Marathi people, including Marathas themselves. Shivaji was a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhosle clan who is considered to be the founder of the Maratha empire. Shivaji led a resistance to free the Maratha people from the Sultanate of Bijapur and he created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned as Chhatrapati of the new Maratha kingdom in 1674, the state Shivaji founded was a Maratha kingdom comprising about 4. 1% of the subcontinent, but spread over large tracts. At the time of his death is was dotted with about 300 forts, about 40,000 cavalry,50,000 foot soldiers and naval establishments all over the west coast. Over time, the kingdom would increase in size and heterogeneity, Shivaji had two sons, Sambhaji and Rajaram
8.
Portugal
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Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, to the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 kilometres long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union, the republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. The territory of modern Portugal has been settled, invaded. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and the Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic, in 711 the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by the Moors, making Portugal part of Muslim Al Andalus. Portugal was born as result of the Christian Reconquista, and in 1139, Afonso Henriques was proclaimed King of Portugal, in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the worlds major economic, political and military powers. Portugal monopolized the trade during this time, and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories, Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today. Portugal is a country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard. It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world, maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and it has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization, as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for use in 2001. The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe, the name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlements, which were found in Alenquer, Coimbra, the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Neanderthals and then by Homo sapiens, who roamed the border-less region of the northern Iberian peninsula. These were subsistence societies that, although they did not establish prosperous settlements, neolithic Portugal experimented with domestication of herding animals, the raising of some cereal crops and fluvial or marine fishing. Chief among these tribes were the Calaicians or Gallaeci of Northern Portugal, the Lusitanians of central Portugal, the Celtici of Alentejo, a few small, semi-permanent, commercial coastal settlements were also founded in the Algarve region by Phoenicians-Carthaginians. Romans first invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 219 BC, during the last days of Julius Caesar, almost the entire peninsula had been annexed to the Roman Republic. The Carthaginians, Romes adversary in the Punic Wars, were expelled from their coastal colonies and it suffered a severe setback in 150 BC, when a rebellion began in the north
9.
Gudi Padwa
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Gudhi Padva is a spring-time festival that marks the traditional new year for Marathi Hindus. It is celebrated in and near Maharashtra on the first day of the Chaitra month to mark the beginning of the New year according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar. The word पाडवा or पाडवो or पड्ड्वा/पाड्ड्वो comes from the Sanskrit word प्रतिपद or प्रतिपदा in Sanskrit, the festival is observed with colorful floor decorations called rangoli, a special Gudhi flag, street processions, dancing and festive foods. In south India, first day of the phase of the moon is called pāḍya. Konkani Hindus variously refer to the day as संसर पाडवो or संसर पाड्यॆ, telugu Hindus celebrate the same occasion as Ugadi, while Konkani and Kannada Hindus in Karnataka refer to it as युगादि, ಯುಗಾದಿ. The same new year festival is known by names in different regions of the Indian subcontinent. However, this is not the new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five day Diwali festival, the Sindhi community celebrates this day as Cheti Chand as the new year and observed as the emergence day of Lord Jholelaal. Prayers are offered to Lord Jholelaal and the festival is celebrated by making delicacies like Tehri, Gudi means flag, erect flag on the houses as part of celebration in Maharashtra where its mainly celebrated. A Gudhi is also hoisted on this occasion giving this festival its name, the term padva or padavo is also associated with balipratipad the third day of Diwali which is another celebration that comes at the end of the harvesting season. Gudi Padva signifies the arrival of spring and to the reaping of Rabi crops, the festival is linked to the mythical day on which Hindu god Brahma created time and universe. According to Anne Feldhaus, in rural Maharashtra the festival is linked to Shivas dance, a notable sight during Gudi Padwa are the numerous Gudi arrangements at every household. It is a bright colorful silk scarf-like cloth tied at the top of a long bamboo, on top of it, one or more boughs of neem leaves and mango leaves are attached along with a garland of flowers. This arrangement is capped with a silver, bronze or copper pot signifying victory or achievement, the whole arrangement is hoisted outside each household, typically to the right, or through a window or terrace. Villages or neighborhoods also come together and host a community Gudhi Kavad, some temples are located on the top of hills, and groups work together to help reach the kavad to the top. Some of the attributed to raising a Gudhi are as follows. Gudhi symbolizes the Brahmadhvaj mentioned in the Brahma Purana, because Lord Brahma created the universe on this day, historically, the Gudhi symbolizes Lord Rama’s victory and happiness on returning to Ayodhya after slaying Ravana. Since a symbol of victory is always high, so is the gudhi
10.
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
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The BMCs annual budget is more than that of some of the small states of India. Established under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888, it is responsible for the infrastructure and administration of the city. In 2014, Trishna Vishwasrao became the first female corporator to be leader of the Corporations house, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation is headed by a Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer. The commissioner wields the power of the house. A quinquennial election is held to elect corporators to power, the corporators are responsible for overseeing that their constituencies have the basic civic infrastructure in place, and that there is no lacuna on the part of the authorities. The Mayor is the head of the house, who is usually from the majority party, as of June 2008, all administrative business in the BMC is conducted in Marathi. As of 2009, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporations legislature, also known as the Corporation Council, consists of 227 members
11.
Byculla
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Byculla is a neighbourhood in South Mumbai. It is also the name of a station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Central Railway line. Byculla falls under E Ward within the limits of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation or BMC. During the late 18th century, Byculla was an extension of Mazagaon, the area was low-lying Flats inundated during the high tide through the Great Breach at Mahalaxmi. However, the breach was closed by the Hornby Vellard project in 1784 and this was followed by the construction of the Bellasis Road causeway in 1793. Thereafter the area saw habitation as Europeans living in the Mazagaon area started shifting here, the famous Byculla Club was opened in 1833. Birthplace of Lady Patricia Helen Marie Rodrigues The Byculla railway station was completed by 1857 and this was also the time the first mills came into this area, until then, used only for residential purposes. Byculla used to house many of the textile mills until the mills shut shop. As of today, few mills are operational and even they are on the brink of closure, many of these old mills are now desolate and some are being razed down to make way for newer constructions. The Khatau Mills were situated in Byculla, in the news for the murder of the owner Sunit Khatau in May,1994. Byculla saw some horrible Riots during 1936-37 rose during Temple-Mosque dispute, today, Byculla is an upper-middle class enclave with a mixture of different societies like Marathi, Gujarati, Christian, Muslims, Jains etc. Traditionally, Byculla has been inhabited by Parsis, Christians, Jewish, Marathi, of late, Byculla has also witnessed the increase of population of Dawoodi Bohra and other traditional Muslims, who are primarily a business community like most of the Gujaratis. Zoo, Byculla houses the city zoo called Jijamata Udyaan or Rani Baug, there are talks of shifting the zoo to a more spacious location. Museum, Byculla also houses the Bhau Daji Lad Museum and it was built in 1871 and is a near replica of its namesake in London. It reopened 5 January 2008, following extensive renovations, National Railway Hospital, Byculla also possesses the biggest National Railway Hospital called Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Railway Hospital in front of Veer Jijamata Prani Sangrahalaya. Vegetable Market, The Byculla Vegetable Market is the largest vegetable market in Mumbai and this was one of the oldest fly-overs built in Mumbai. Fire Brigade Headquarters, Mumbai Fire Brigades headquarters are situated just below the Y Bridge, in the front of the Headquarters building stands a memorial built in the memory of the numerous fire fighters who died during the Bombay Explosion of April,1944. Mustafa bazaar, A wholesale timber market is visited by many from the city
12.
Dharavi
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Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. With an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres, for this reason, Dharavi is currently a highly multi-religious, multi-ethnic, and diverse settlement. Dharavi has an informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents– leather, textiles. The total annual turnover has been estimated at over US$1 billion, Dharavi has suffered from many epidemics and other disasters, including a widespread plague in 1896 which killed over half of the population of Mumbai. In the 18th century, Dharavi was an island with predominantly mangrove swamp, daravi is a historical spelling of the area. It was a populated village before the late 19th century. Dharavi was then referred to as the village of Koliwadas, Mumbai has been one of the centers of Indias urbanization for 200 years. At the middle of the 19th century, after decades of growth under East India Company and British Raj. The urban area then covered mostly the southern extension of Mumbai peninsula, most parts of Mumbai faced an acute shortage of housing and serious problems with the provision of water, sanitation and drainage. Residential areas were segregated in Mumbai between European and native residential quarters, slums were heavily concentrated in areas meant for native Indian population, and it attracted no planning or London-like investment for quality of life of its inhabitants. Unsanitary conditions plagued Mumbai, particularly in the so-called Native Town, in 1869, as with 19th century epidemics in European slums, bubonic plague spread in Mumbai and then across most of India. The epidemic killed nearly 200,000 people in Mumbai and 8 million in India, the most polluting industries were tanneries, and the first tannery moved from peninsular Mumbai into Dharavi in 1887. People who worked with leather, typically a profession of lowest Hindu castes and of Muslim Indians, other early settlers included the Kumbars, a large Gujarati community of potters. The colonial government granted them a 99-year land-lease in 1895, rural migrants looking for jobs poured into Mumbai, and its population soared past 1 million. Other artisans, like the workers from Uttar Pradesh, started the ready-made garments trade. These industries created jobs, labor moved in, but there was no government effort to plan or invest in any infrastructure in or near Dharavi. The living quarters and small scale factories grew haphazardly, without provision for sanitation, drains, safe drinking water, Dharavis first mosque, Badi Masjid, started in 1887 and the oldest Hindu temple, Ganesh Mandir, was built in 1913. A large influx of Tamil migrants came in the 1920s, bombays first Tamil school and Dharavis first school was constructed in 1924
