1.
SEPTA
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SEPTA also manages construction projects that maintain, replace, and expand infrastructure and rolling stock. SEPTA is the transit provider for Philadelphia and its suburbs in Delaware, Montgomery, Bucks. SEPTA is a state created authority and the majority of its board is appointed by the five Pennsylvania counties it serves. SEPTA has the 6th-largest U. S. rapid transit system by ridership, and it controls 290 active stations, over 450 miles of track,2,295 revenue vehicles, and 196 routes. SEPTA also manages Shared-Ride services in Philadelphia and ADA services across the region and these services are operated by third-party contractors. SEPTA is one of only two U. S. SEPTAs headquarters are located at 1234 Market Street in Center City, SEPTA was created by the Pennsylvania legislature on August 17,1963, to coordinate government subsidies to various transit and railroad companies in southeastern Pennsylvania. It commenced on February 18,1964, by 1966, the Reading Company and Pennsylvania Railroad commuter railroad lines were operated under contract to SEPTA. On February 1,1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central railroad to become Penn Central, Penn Central continued to operate in bankruptcy until 1976, when Conrail took over its assets along with those of several other bankrupt railroads, including the Reading Company. Conrail operated commuter services under contract to SEPTA until January 1,1983, when SEPTA took over operations and acquired track, rolling stock, and other assets to form the Railroad Division. Since 1913, a long proposed Roosevelt Boulevard Subway had a similar fate as New Yorks Second Avenue Subway where many proposals were made, many acquisitions had been made, but only amounted to continuous service cuts through consolidations of competing services of the Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad. It wasnt until the early 2000s that there was any talk of expansion, the PTC had been created in 1940 with the merger of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and a group of smaller, then independent transit companies operating within the city and its environs. Today, this is the Victory Division, though it is referred to as the Red Arrow Division. On March 1,1976, SEPTA acquired the operations of Schuylkill Valley Lines. Future expansion of SEPTAs commuter rail lines has been discussed since the mid-1980s when the system suffered severe cutbacks, proposals have been made to restore service to Allentown, Bethlehem, West Chester and Newtown, with support from commuters, local officials and pro-train advocates. The Schuylkill Valley Metro and other plans that would re-establish service to Phoenixville, Pottsville, SEPTA has also considered the possibility of a cross-county metro that would provide service between the suburban counties without requiring the rider to go into Philadelphia. However, many derelict lines under SEPTA ownership have been converted to rail trails, additionally, some, such as Senator Bob Casey, have proposed expanding the Broad Street Line to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Proposals have also made for increased service on existing lines, including later evenings and Sundays to Wilmington. Marylands MARC commuter rail system is considering extending its service as far as Newark Rail Station, as of 2014, an expansion of the Norristown High Speed Line is under consideration to extend service to the King of Prussia area
2.
SEPTA Regional Rail
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The SEPTA Regional Rail system consists of commuter rail service on 13 branches to more than 150 active stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and its suburbs and satellite cities. Service on most lines operates from 5,30 a. m. to midnight and it is the fifth-busiest commuter railroad in the United States and busiest outside of the New York and Chicago metropolitan areas. In 2016, Regional Rail had an average of 132,000 daily riders, All trains stop at these Center City stations, most also stop at Temple University station on the campus of Temple University in North Philadelphia. Operations are handled by the SEPTA Railroad Division, of the 13 branches, seven were originally owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, and six by the Reading Company. The PRR lines terminated at Suburban Station, the Reading lines at Reading Terminal, in November 1984, the Center City Commuter Connection united the two systems, turning the two terminal stations into through-stations. Most inbound trains from one line continue on as outbound trains on another line. Each PRR line was paired with a Reading branch and numbered from R1 to R8. Former Pennsylvania Railroad lines Airport Line, terminates at the Philadelphia International Airport, Chestnut Hill West Line, terminates in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia. Cynwyd Line, terminates in Cynwyd and operates weekdays only, until 1986, trains continued on to Ivy Ridge station in northwestern Philadelphia. Until 1986, trains continued on to West Chester, SEPTA is in the process of restoring service to Wawa, approximately three miles west of Elwyn by 2020. Paoli/Thorndale Line, trains terminate at Malvern or Thorndale, additional rush hour trains terminate at Bryn Mawr, Trenton Line, terminates in Trenton, New Jersey. This line uses Amtraks Northeast Corridor, and offers a connection at Trenton to New Jersey Transits Northeast Corridor Line for continued service to New York City, wilmington/Newark Line, terminates in Wilmington, Delaware, with some weekday trains continuing to Newark, Delaware. The Delaware Department of Transportation subsidizes Delaware service and this line runs entirely on Amtraks Northeast Corridor. Former Reading Company lines Chestnut Hill East Line, terminates in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Fox Chase Line, terminates in the Fox Chase section of Philadelphia. Until 1983, connecting diesel trains continued to Newtown, Pennsylvania, on weekdays, approximately half of the local trains terminate at Lansdale while the remainder of the local trains, and some expresses, continue on to Doylestown. Manayunk/Norristown Line, terminates at Elm Street in Norristown, West Trenton Line, terminates at the West Trenton station in Ewing, New Jersey. In 2003, passengers boarding in Philadelphia accounted for 61% of trips on a typical weekday, SEPTA uses a mixed fleet of General Electric and Hyundai Rotem Silverliner electric multiple unit cars, used on all Regional Rail lines. SEPTAs railroad reporting mark SEPA is the mark for their revenue equipment
3.
Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
4.
Paoli/Thorndale Line
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The tracks subsequently became part of the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad before eventually becoming Amtraks Keystone Corridor. The Main Line also refers to the affluent Philadelphia suburbs along the line of the same name, prior to the late-1980s, all commuter rail operations went from Suburban Station to Paoli, the westernmost census designated place along the Main Line. Because of this operation, local residents called the R5 the Paoli Local. The entire main line between Thorndale, Lancaster and Harrisburg is currently electrified, SEPTA has also considered restoring service to Coatesville. Electrified service between Philadelphia and Paoli was opened on September 11,1915, as the first of the local commuter and long-distance line to be electrified, the line was used as an experiment for powering trains using AC overhead catenary wires. Between 1915 and the 1960s, the former Pennsylvania Railroad used the MP-54 electric multiple-unit railcars, the MP-54s were replaced in the 1960s and 1970s with the Silverliner EMU cars, which are still in use today. More recently, SEPTA acquired push-pull coaches from the Bombardier corporation, between 1984–2010 the route was designated R5 Paoli and R5 Thorndale as part of SEPTAs diametrical reorganization of its lines. Paoli trains operated through the city center to the Lansdale/Doylestown Line on the side of the system. The R-number naming system was dropped on July 25,2010 and this upgrade allows SEPTA and Amtrak to operate multiple trains at the same time in the same manner as that found on the Northeast Corridor. The Paoli/Thorndale Line includes the stations west of the Center City Commuter Connection. Weekday boardings are from FY2013, the Paoli/Thorndale Line has the highest total ridership on the system. Between FY 2008–FY2014 yearly ridership ranged from 6–6.5 million, in FY2014 its 6,367,855 passengers exceeded the next highest, the Lansdale/Doylestown Line, by nearly two million. SEPTA – Paoli /Thorndale line schedule
5.
Pennsylvania Railroad
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The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the Pennsy, the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U. S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies and its only formidable rival was the New York Central, which carried around three-quarters of PRRs ton-miles. At one time, the PRR was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world, with a larger than that of the U. S. government. The corporation still holds the record for the longest continuous dividend history, in 1968, PRR merged with rival NYC to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which filed for bankruptcy within two years. The viable parts were transferred in 1976 to Conrail, which was broken up in 1999, with 58 percent of the system going to the Norfolk Southern Railway. Amtrak received the electrified segment east of Harrisburg, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the beginnings of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Philadelphia business interests became concerned that the port of Philadelphia would lose traffic. The state legislature was pressed to build a canal across Pennsylvania and it soon became evident that a single canal would not be practical and a series of railroads, inclined planes, and canals was proposed. Because freight and passengers had to change several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey, the crest of the mountain was penetrated by the 3, 612-foot Gallitzin Tunnels and then descended by a more moderate grade to Johnstown. The western end of the line was built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, the line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of railroads by stock purchases. This line is still an important cross-state corridor, carrying Amtraks Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line and he served as PRRs first Chief Engineer and third President. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the PRRs Connecting Railway, the PRRs Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2,1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D. C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the lines heading north from the city. On June 29,1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed, the PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania
6.
Chicago Union Station
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Chicago Union Station is a major railroad station that opened in 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, replacing an earlier station built in 1881. It is the only remaining intercity rail terminal in Chicago, as well as being the primary terminal for commuter trains. The station stands on the west side of the Chicago River between West Adams Street and West Jackson Boulevard, just outside the Chicago Loop, including approach and storage tracks, it is about nine and a half city blocks in size. Its facilities are underground, buried beneath streets and skyscrapers. Chicago Union Station is the third-busiest rail terminal in the United States, after Grand Central Terminal and it is Amtraks overall fourth-busiest station. It handles approximately 120,000 passengers on a weekday and is one of Chicago’s most iconic structures, reflecting the city’s strong architectural heritage. In addition to standing out architecturally, Union Station has features that reflect its commitment to sustainability, in 2011, its lighting system was replaced with more energy-efficient light bulbs and motion sensors, reducing the station’s carbon footprint by 4 million tons annually. Chicago Union Station was designated as one of America’s “Great Places” in 2012 by the American Planning Association. The “Great Places” program by APA highlights places streets, neighborhoods, and public spaces around America that exhibit “exemplary character, quality, and planning. ”These places are unique in their cultural and historical significance, sense of community, and vision. Other criteria include “architectural features, accessibility, functionality, and community involvement. ”Chicago Union Station is considered a “Great Public Space” by APA and these spaces are safe and inviting, well-maintained, and attractive, both visually and in functionality. In addition, local culture and history are reflected within the space, Union Station is laid out with a double stub-end configuration, with 10 tracks coming into the station from the north and 14 from the south. Because passenger trains do not pass through Union Station, all passengers traveling through Chicago must change trains to reach their final destination. There are 2 through tracks to allow out-of-service equipment moves between the north and south side, including one with a platform to allow extra long trains to board, between the north and south sides of the station is a passenger concourse. Passengers can walk through the concourse to get from any platform to any other without stairs or elevators, odd-numbered platforms are on the north half of the station, and even-numbered platforms on the south half. The north tracks are used by Amtrak for the Hiawatha Service and the Empire Builder, and by Metra for the Milwaukee District West, Milwaukee District North, the south tracks are used for all of the other Amtrak and Metra services. Two station management structures, one on side of the terminal, monitor train-to-track assignments. The concourse also has a level between platform and street level, containing a food court featuring local vendors as well as national chains. Located west of Canal Street, Union Stations headhouse occupies a city block
7.
Main Line (Pennsylvania Railroad)
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The Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad was a rail line in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania, connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh via Harrisburg. The eastern part of the PRRs main line was built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as part of the Main Line of Public Works, the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad had one inclined plane at each end, the Allegheny Portage Railroad had ten. The parts that were included in the PRR main line opened from Philadelphia to Malvern in 1832. The Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mountjoy and Lancaster Railroad opened from Harrisburg southeast to Middletown, the next year the piece from Middletown to Elizabethtown opened, and the line was completed in 1838 with the opening of the Elizabethtown Tunnel. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company was chartered by the Pennsylvania legislature on April 13,1846 to build a railroad line from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. Construction began in 1847 and the first section opened from Harrisburg west to Lewistown on September 1,1849, on the other side of the ridge, the main line opened from Conemaugh west to Lockport on August 25,1851. Plane Number 1 of the Portage Railroad was bypassed by the PRR on April 1,1852, a reciprocal trackage rights agreement made March 18,1854, allowed the PRR to use that section for free. On March 21,1849, the PRR contracted with Eagle Line, primarily a steamboat company, on September 1, the first section of the PRR opened, with all arrangements in place for service from Philadelphia to Lewistown. In 1853, the PRR surveyed the Lancaster, Lebanon and Pine Grove Railroad from Philadelphia west via Phoenixville to Salunga on the Portsmouth, Mount Joy and Lancaster Railroad. This was done in order to show the state that the PRR was willing to build its own alignment around the Philadelphia and Columbia, on August 1,1857, the PRR bought the whole Main Line of Public Works. The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad was integrated into its system, most of the New Portage Railroad, just completed the previous year at a cost of $2.14 million, was abandoned, while short sections became local branches. The canals were abandoned, and short sections were filled and covered by rails, on January 1,1861, the PRR leased the HPMJ&L, giving it full control of its main line. In 1904, the New Portage Railroad east of the Gallitzin Tunnels was reopened as the New Portage Branch, conrail closed this line in 1981. Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line SEPTA Paoli/Thorndale Line Norfolk Southern Pittsburgh Line Keystone Corridor Philadelphia Main Line Notes Further reading McGonigal, heart of the Pennsylvania Railroad, The Main Line, Philadelphia to Pittsburgh,1996, Kalmbach Publishing Company, Waukesha, Wisconsin Sipes, William B. The Pennsylvania Railroad, Its Origin, Construction, Condition, and Connections,1875, published by The Passenger Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
8.
Exchange Place (PRR station)
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The Pennsylvania Railroad Station was the intermodal passenger terminal for the Pennsylvania Railroads vast holdings on the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay in Jersey City, New Jersey. By the 1920s the station was called Exchange Place in response to local nomenclature, the terminal was located on Paulus Hook, which in 1812 became the landing of the first steam ferry service in the world, and to which rail service began in 1834. Train service to the station ended in November 1961 and demolition of the complex was completed in 1963. Part of the terminal complex is now the PATH systems Exchange Place Station. Ferry service between Paulus Hook and Manhattan began in 1812, the first steam ferry service in the world, the New Jersey Rail Road and Transportation Company opened a rail line from Paulus Hook, then part of the newly incorporated City of Jersey, west to Newark in 1834. The PRR acquired the railroad in 1871 and replaced the terminal in 1876, passengers could move directly between the trains and ferries without going outside. The railroad referred to the location simply as Jersey City, and if necessary to distinguish it from other railroads terminals, in the 1870s the PRR began exploring ways to improve rail access between New Jersey and New York. A number of route realignments produced a track, with the final realignment. The 1910 opening of the North River Tunnels under the Hudson River led to a reduction in PRR traffic at Exchange Place. On October 1,1911 the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, a transit system, began operating over the PRR line west of Waldo Yard. The Lehigh Valley Railroad, which had operated its Black Diamond train service from Buffalo, New York since 1896, Ferry service at Exchange Place ended in 1949. The last PRR passenger train used the branch on November 17,1961, PATH continues to use the line through Bergen Hill to the Journal Square Transportation Center and onward to Newark Penn Station. The Exchange Place terminal fell into gradual disuse, the last of the buildings of the complex, along with the elevated portion of the rail line, were demolished in 1963. Part of the terminal complex is now the PATH systems Exchange Place Station. Hudson-Bergen Light Rail maintains two stations in the district while ferries are now served by the Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal,1905 PRR system map 1899 Travellers description of cut 1800s
9.
Harrisburg Transportation Center
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The Harrisburg Transportation Center is a large railway station and transportation hub in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It is located on the edge of Downtown Harrisburg between the intersections of Aberdeen and Market Streets and 4th and Chestnut Streets. The well-situated station is the hub for passenger rail and intercity bus services in the Harrisburg metropolitan area. The current station is the third on the site, though technically a union station, it was never identified as such in publications such as the Official Guide of the Railroads and Steam Navigation Lines or Pennsylvania Railroad Timetables. The first two stations were shared by the Pennsylvania Railroad, Reading Railroad, Northern Central Railway, the third station excluded the Reading Railroad, which built its own station in 1856, and the CVR maintained a small depot adjoining the much larger NCR/PRR station. The CVR station was razed sometime in the late 1960s or early 1970s, the Reading Railroad discontinued passenger service into Harrisburg in the 1950s and its station was torn down in the early 1960s to make room for a new post office. The current station was built by PRR in 1887 and significantly rebuilt with its distinctive barn roof in 1905 following a fire in 1904. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, the station is one of the few railway stations in the United States that still has a train shed above the tracks. The building, which is owned by Amtrak and managed and operated by the Harrisburg Redevelopment Authority and it also contains a moderately large meeting room called the Pennsylvania Room that can be used for meetings and other large gatherings. Passenger facilities are limited, but the station does have a newsstand on the first floor that sells newspapers, magazines, food. It also has food and beverage vending machines in the intercity bus terminal portion of the building on the basement floor. Non-retail facilities include small lockers on the basement floor for short-term personal storage, one of the stations tracks features a Pennsylvania RR GG1 locomotive on display, which can be viewed by the passengers waiting on the adjoining platforms. The station is within a walking distance of most jobs. Most Dauphin County and Harrisburg city offices are located to the southwest of the HTC near the intersection of 2nd and Market Streets, Harrisburg University of Science and Technologys new academic building is located at the corner of Fourth and Market streets, one block southwest of the station. Another performance theater, Forum Place, is located about 1.5 blocks north of the Transportation Center, finally, most of the bars and upscale restaurants in downtown Harrisburg are less than a half-mile west of the station, along 2nd Street. Amtrak provides service to the station via the Keystone Service and Pennsylvanian routes, the Harrisburg Transportation Center is the western terminus of Amtraks Keystone Service, which provides the bulk of the Amtrak service to and from Harrisburg. Primary cities served on Amtrak to and from Harrisburg include Lancaster, Philadelphia, and New York to the east and Altoona, Johnstown, both staffed and Quik-Trak machine ticket service are available for all departures and red cap service is also available. In Federal Fiscal Year 2008, it was the 2nd busiest Amtrak station in Pennsylvania and it ranks slightly ahead of the Lancaster Station in both categories
10.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
11.
New York Central Railroad
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The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. NYCs Grand Central Terminal in New York City is one of its best known extant landmarks, in 1968 the NYC merged with its former rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, to form Penn Central. That company went bankrupt in 1970 and was taken over by the federal government, Conrail was broken up in 1998, and portions of its system was transferred to the newly formed New York Central Lines LLC, a subsidiary leased to and eventually absorbed by CSX and Norfolk Southern. Those companies lines included the original New York Central main line, but outside that area it included lines that were never part of the New York Central system. At the end of 1925, the New York Central System operated 11,584 miles of road and 26,395 miles of track, at the end of 1967 the mileages were 9,696 miles and 18,454 miles. The Mohawk and Hudson opened on September 24,1831, and changed its name to the Albany, the Utica and Schenectady Railroad was chartered April 29,1833, as the railroad paralleled the Erie Canal it was prohibited from carrying freight. Revenue service began August 2,1836, extending the line of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad west from Schenectady along the side of the Mohawk River, opposite the Erie Canal. The Syracuse and Utica Railroad was chartered May 1,1836, the full line opened July 3,1839, extending the line further to Syracuse via Rome. This line was not direct, going out of its way to stay near the Erie Canal and serve Rome, nothing of that line was ever built, though the later West Shore Railroad, acquired by the NYC in 1885, served the same purpose. The Auburn and Syracuse Railroad was chartered May 1,1834, and opened mostly in 1838, a month later, with the opening of the Syracuse and Utica Railroad, this formed a complete line from Albany west via Syracuse to Auburn, about halfway to Geneva. The Auburn and Rochester Railroad was chartered May 13,1836, as an extension via Geneva and Canandaigua to Rochester. The two lines merged on August 1,1850, to form the rather indirect Rochester and Syracuse Railroad, to fix this, the Rochester and Syracuse Direct Railway was chartered and immediately merged into the Rochester and Syracuse Railroad on August 6,1850. That line opened June 1,1853, running more directly between those two cities, roughly parallel to the Erie Canal. The Tonawanda Railroad, to the west of Rochester, was chartered April 24,1832 to build from said city to Attica. The first section, from Rochester southwest to Batavia, opened May 5,1837, the Attica and Buffalo Railroad chartered in 1836 and opened on November 24,1842, running from Buffalo east to Attica. On March 19,1844, the Tonawanda Railroad was authorized to build the connection, the Albany and Schenectady Railroad bought all the baggage, mail and emigrant cars of the other railroads between Albany and Buffalo on February 17,1848, and began operating through cars. On December 7,1850, the Tonawanda Railroad and Attica and Buffalo Railroad merged to form the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad. A new direct line opened from Buffalo east to Batavia on April 26,1852, the line was added to the New York and Erie Railroad system and converted to the Eries 6 ft broad gauge
Malvern
SEPTA Suburban Bus: 92 (on King Street)
