Manetho
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Manetho was an Egyptian priest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom who lived in the early third century BCE, at the very beginning of the Hellenistic period. Little is certain about his life. He is known today a
Excerpt from Manetho, with an English translation by W.G. Waddell, p. ix.
No likeness of Manetho exists. This is a bust of a Neokoros, a senior official in the temple cult of Serapis (a Hellenistic appropriation of Osiris and Apis) from Roman Egypt, 230-240 CE, over three centuries after Manetho lived. The circlet with the seven-rayed sun disk in the hair identifies his position. Manetho was an authority on the temple cult of Serapis. Marble. Altes Museum, Berlin.
Statue of a priest of Osiris, Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, 1st century CE. Le Grand Palais exhibition.
Menes
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Menes was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.
Manetho
…Manetho's Aegyptiaca chronicles the history of Egypt from a mythical epoch of divine rulers, through the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes (c. 3100 BCE in modern dating) and the subsequent thirty (or thirty-one) dynasties, culminating in the establishment of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 305…
The cartouche of Menes on the Abydos King List
Two Horus names of Hor-Aha (left and center) and a name of Menes (right) in hieroglyphs.
Reconstructed tablet.
Vassal subject with headdress and spotted robe, possibly a Libyan, paying homage. First Dynasty, 2960–2770, Tomb of Narmer B17, Abydos.