Manifestis Probatum
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Manifestis Probatum is a great papal bull and the founding document of Portugal. Promulgated on 23 May 1179 by Pope Alexander III, the bull officially recognized the independence of Portugal from the
The papal bull Manifestis Probatum, now at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Lisbon
Afonso I of Portugal
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Dom Afonso I nicknamed "the Conqueror", "the Founder" and "the Great" by the Portuguese, was the first king of Portugal, from 26 July 1139 until his death on 6 December 1185. He achieved the independe
Manifestis Probatum
…the bull officially recognized the independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León by confirming the Kingdom of Portugal to the now-recognized king Afonso Henriques and his successors. The bull is, therefore, the single most important written document from Portugal's independence process. The Papacy did not recognize…
D. Afonso Henriques O Conquistador
Statue of Afonso Henriques in Guimarães, Portugal
King Afonso I at the Siege of Lisbon (oil on canvas by Joaquim Rodrigues Braga)
Afonso at the Battle of Ourique witnessing the Miracle of the Cross (dated 1793 by Domigos Sequeira)