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History
Manifestis Probatum
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Manifestis Probatum is a papal bull dated 23 May 1179, in which Pope Alexander III officially recognised the ruler and self-proclaimed king Afonso Henriques as the first sovereign King of Portugal.
The papal bull Manifestis Probatum.
The papal bull Manifestis Probatum.
Pope Alexander III
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Pope Alexander III, born Roland, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
Alexander III bidding farewell to Thomas Becket (13th century miniature attributed to Matthew Paris, British Library)
Alexander III bidding farewell to Thomas Becket (13th century miniature attributed to Matthew Paris, British Library)
Bulla of Alexander III.
Bulla of Alexander III.
Manifestis Probatum.
Manifestis Probatum.
Alexander III depicted in a fresco by Spinello Aretino (before 1410, Palazzo Pubblico in Siena)
Alexander III depicted in a fresco by Spinello Aretino (before 1410, Palazzo Pubblico in Siena)