Manned Venus flyby
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A manned Venus flyby is a proposed crewed space mission in which astronauts would travel to Venus, fly past the planet without landing, and return to Earth. Such missions were studied by both the Unit
Cutaway diagram of the Venus flyby spacecraft
Venus flyby spacecraft near Venus
Artist's depiction of TMK-MAVR on a Venus flyby
MESSENGER Venus 630 nm stretch
TMK
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TMK was the designation of a Soviet space exploration project to send a crewed flight to Mars and Venus without landing.
Manned Venus flyby
…would have performed astronomical studies of the Sun and Mercury, approaching within 0.3 astronomical units. One variant of the Soviet Union's planned TMK mission to Mars in 1971–1974 involved a flyby of Venus on the return voyage, and was given the code name "MAVR" (MArs - VeneRa), meaning Mars - Venus…
Mars mission