1.
Senigallia
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Senigallia is a comune and port town of the province of Ancona on Italys Adriatic coast, in the Marche region. The small port is formed by the lower reaches of the Misa, the settlement, spread out along the coast at the mouth of the river Misa, was established in the 4th century BC by the Gallic tribe of the Senones. The colony of Sena Gallica was founded there by the Romans after their victory over the Senones, the Latin name is probably a corruption of Senones, the addition Gallica distinguishes it from Saena in Etruria. The place is mentioned in connection with Hasdrubals defeat at the Metaurus in 207 BC. Ravaged by Alaric during the decline of the Roman Empire, Senigallia was fortified by the Byzantines and it was the second easternmost of the five cities of the medieval Adriatic duchy of Pentapolis, east of Fano and west of Ancona. In the 15th century it was the scene of the Guelph and Ghibelline wars, captured and recaptured again and again by the Malatesta, sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta of Rimini erected strong fortifications round the town in 1450-1455. In 1503, Cesare Borgia carried out a coup at Senigallia. Sixtus IV assigned the lordship to the Della Rovere family, from whom it was transferred to Lorenzo II de Medici in 1516 by his uncle Pope Leo X, after 1624 it formed part of the Papal States legation of Urbino. The municipality borders with Belvedere Ostrense, Mondolfo, Monte San Vito, Montemarciano, Morro dAlba, Ostra, despite its ancient origin the city presents a modern appearance, with wide streets. Attractions include, In fondo al corso, the point of Corso 2 Giugno, on the same side of the bridge on Misa river. In cima al corso, the point of Corso 2 Giugno. It must be said that nowadays its still unknown the origin of this particular choice, archeology has found no evidence about this issue, so far. Moreover, In fondo al corso and In cima al corso are not mentioned in any document from the municipality of Senigallia. Nowadays this distinction is still handed down orally from generation to generation, other attractions are, Palazzo Comunale, from the 17th century. Rocca Roveresca - castle of Gothic origin, was restored by Baccio Pontelli in 1492 and it has a square plan with four large round tower. Santa Maria delle Grazie - one of the two churches attributed to Baccio Pontelli. It once housed the painting of Madonna di Senigallia by Piero della Francesca, chiesa della Croce Rotonda a mare. Chester, United Kingdom Lörrach, Germany Sens, France U. S. article name needed, Senigallia In a Nutshell, An Illustrated Guidebook to Senigallia Senigallia official website
2.
Naples
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Naples is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. In 2015, around 975,260 people lived within the administrative limits. The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3,115,320, Naples is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million. About 4.4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Bronze Age Greek settlements were established in the Naples area in the second millennium BC, a larger colony – initially known as Parthenope, Παρθενόπη – developed on the Island of Megaride around the ninth century BC, at the end of the Greek Dark Ages. Naples remained influential after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, thereafter, in union with Sicily, it became the capital of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861. Naples was the most-bombed Italian city during World War II, much of the citys 20th-century periphery was constructed under Benito Mussolinis fascist government, and during reconstruction efforts after World War II. The city has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, and unemployment levels in the city, however, Naples still suffers from political and economic corruption, and unemployment levels remain high. Naples has the fourth-largest urban economy in Italy, after Milan, Rome and it is the worlds 103rd-richest city by purchasing power, with an estimated 2011 GDP of US$83.6 billion. The port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe, numerous major Italian companies, such as MSC Cruises Italy S. p. A, are headquartered in Naples. The city also hosts NATOs Allied Joint Force Command Naples, the SRM Institution for Economic Research, Naples is a full member of the Eurocities network of European cities. The city was selected to become the headquarters of the European institution ACP/UE and was named a City of Literature by UNESCOs Creative Cities Network, the Villa Rosebery, one of the three official residences of the President of Italy, is located in the citys Posillipo district. Naples historic city centre is the largest in Europe, covering 1,700 hectares and enclosing 27 centuries of history, Naples has long been a major cultural centre with a global sphere of influence, particularly during the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras. In the immediate vicinity of Naples are numerous culturally and historically significant sites, including the Palace of Caserta, culinarily, Naples is synonymous with pizza, which originated in the city. Neapolitan music has furthermore been highly influential, credited with the invention of the romantic guitar, according to CNN, the metro stop Toledo is the most beautiful in Europe and it won also the LEAF Award 2013 as Public building of the year. Naples is the Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, Naples sports scene is dominated by football and Serie A club S. S. C. Napoli, two-time Italian champions and winner of European trophies, who play at the San Paolo Stadium in the south-west of the city, the Phlegraean Fields around Naples has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. The earliest Greek settlements were established in the Naples area in the second millennium BC, sailors from the Greek island of Rhodes established a small commercial port called Parthenope on the island of Megaride in the ninth century BC
3.
Reggio Emilia
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Reggio Emilia is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 170,000 inhabitants and is the comune of the Province of Reggio Emilia. The town is referred to by its more official name of Reggio nellEmilia listen. The inhabitants of Reggio nellEmilia usually call their town by the name of Reggio. In some ancient maps the town is also named Reggio di Lombardia, the old town has an hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The comunes territory is totally on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream, Reggio began as a historical site with the construction by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus of the Via Aemilia, leading from Piacenza to Rimini. Reggio became an administration centre, with a forum called at first Regium Lepidi, then simply Regium. During the Roman age Regium is cited only by Festus and Cicero, however, it was a flourishing city, a Municipium with its own statutes, magistrates and art collegia. Apollinaris of Ravenna brought Christianity in the 1st century CE, the sources confirm the presence of a bishopric in Reggio after the Edict of Milan. In 440 the Reggio diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of Ravenna by Western Roman Emperor Valentinianus III, at the end of the 4th century, however, Reggio had decayed so much that Saint Ambrose included it among the dilapidated cities. Further damage occurred with the Barbarian invasions, after the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476 Reggio was part of Odoacers realm. In 489 it came under Ostrogothic control, from 539 it was part of the Roman Empire, Reggio was chosen as Duchy of Reggio seat. In 773 the Franks took Reggio, charlemagne gave the bishop the authority to exercise royal authority over the city and established the diocese limits. In 888 Reggio was handed over to the Kings of Italy, in 899 the Magyars heavily damaged it, killing Bishop Azzo II. As a result of new walls were built. On 31 October 900 Emperor Louis III gave authority for the erection of a castrum in the citys centre. In 1002 Reggios territory, together with that of Parma, Brescia, Modena, Mantua and Ferrara, were merged into the March of Tuscany, Reggio became a free commune around the end of the 11th or the beginning of the 12th century. In 1167 it was a member of the Lombard League and took part in the Battle of Legnano, in 1183 the city signed the Treaty of Konstanz, from which the citys consul, Rolando della Carità, received the imperial investiture
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Maurice Ravel
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Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, in the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as Frances greatest living composer. After leaving the conservatoire Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity, incorporating elements of baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz. He liked to experiment with form, as in his best-known work, Boléro. He made some arrangements of other composers music, of which his 1922 version of Mussorgskys Pictures at an Exhibition is the best known. As a slow and painstaking worker, Ravel composed fewer pieces than many of his contemporaries. Among his works to enter the repertoire are pieces for piano, chamber music, many of his works exist in two versions, a first, piano score and a later orchestration. Some of his music, such as Gaspard de la nuit, is exceptionally difficult to play. Ravel was among the first composers to recognise the potential of recording to bring their music to a wider public, from the 1920s, despite limited technique as a pianist or conductor, he took part in recordings of several of his works, others were made under his supervision. Ravel was born in the Basque town of Ciboure, France and his father, Pierre-Joseph Ravel, was an educated and successful engineer, inventor and manufacturer, born in Versoix near the Franco-Swiss border. His mother, Marie, née Delouart, was Basque but had grown up in Madrid, in 19th-century terms, Joseph had married beneath his status – Marie was illegitimate and barely literate – but the marriage was a happy one. Both Ravels parents were Roman Catholics, Marie was also something of a free-thinker, a trait inherited by her elder son and he was baptised in the Ciboure parish church six days after he was born. The family moved to Paris three months later, and there a younger son, Édouard, was born and he was close to his father, whom he eventually followed into the engineering profession. Maurice was particularly devoted to their mother, her Basque-Spanish heritage was an influence on his life. Among his earliest memories were folk songs she sang to him, the household was not rich, but the family was comfortable, and the two boys had happy childhoods. Ravel senior delighted in taking his sons to factories to see the latest mechanical devices, in later life, Ravel recalled, Throughout my childhood I was sensitive to music. My father, much better educated in art than most amateurs are, knew how to develop my taste. There is no record that Ravel received any formal schooling in his early years
5.
Oskar Fried
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Oskar Fried was a German conductor and composer. An admirer of Gustav Mahler, Fried was the first conductor to record a Mahler symphony, Fried also held the distinction of being the first foreign conductor to perform in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. He eventually left his homeland to work in the Soviet Union after the rise of Adolf Hitlers Nazi Party. Born in Berlin, the son of a Jewish shopkeeper, he worked as a clown, a stable boy and he later moved to Düsseldorf to study painting and art history. After a spell in Paris, he returned to Berlin in 1898 to study counterpoint with Xaver Scharwenka. The performance of his composition Das trunkene Lied for chorus and orchestra brought Fried his first public success, Fried first met Gustav Mahler in 1905. The meeting resulted in an invitation to conduct Mahlers Resurrection Symphony in Berlin in November 1905, the next year, he introduced Russia to Mahlers music when he performed the same work in St Petersburg. From 1907 to 1910, he directed a choral society known as the Sternscher Gesangverein in Berlin, in 1913 Fried conducted the Berlin Philharmonic in the second performance of Mahlers Ninth Symphony. In 1922, he went to the USSR as the first foreign conductor invited to perform after the Russian Revolution and that same year, he also made the first recording of any complete Bruckner symphony, his Seventh. In November 1927, at the invitation of the BBC programme planner and his own former student Edward Clark, he made his British conducting debut, in a program of Weber, Brahms and Liszt in London. Driven from Germany by the anti-Semitism of the Nazi regime in 1934 and he conducted the Tbilisi opera and later the Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra, eventually becoming a Soviet citizen. He died in Moscow in 1941, peter Cahn, Das Hochsche Konservatorium in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Kramer,1979. de la Grange, Henry-Louis. David Ewen, Encyclopedia of Concert Music, new York, Hill and Wang,1959. Works by or about Oskar Fried at Internet Archive
6.
George Gershwin
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George Jacob Gershwin was an American composer and pianist. Gershwins compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known, among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris as well as the opera Porgy and Bess. Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell and he began his career as a song plugger, but soon started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin, and Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger, who refused him, after returning to New York City, he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and the author DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial failure, Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century, Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from a malignant brain tumor – glioblastoma multiforme. Gershwins compositions have been adapted for use in films and for television. Many celebrated singers and musicians have covered his songs, Gershwin was of Russian Jewish and Ukrainian Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, had served for 25 years as a mechanic for the Imperial Russian Army to earn the right of travel and residence as a Jew. His teenage son, Moishe Gershowitz, worked as a cutter for womens shoes. Moishe Gershowitz met and fell in love with Roza Bruskina, the daughter of a furrier in Vilnius. She and her family moved to New York due to increasing anti-Jewish sentiment in Russia, Moishe, faced with compulsory military service if he remained in Russia, moved to America as soon as he could afford to. Once in New York, he changed his first name to Morris, Gershowitz lived with a maternal uncle in Brooklyn, working as a foreman in a womens shoe factory. When he married Rose on July 21,1895, Gershowitz soon Americanized his name to Gershwine. Their first child was born on December 6,1896, Gershwin then moved his family into a second-floor apartment on Brooklyns Snediker Avenue. Their second son, soon to be renamed George, was born at there on September 26,1898 and his birth certificate identifies him as Jacob Gershwine, with the surname pronounced Gersh-vin in the Russian and Yiddish immigrant community. He was named after his grandfather, the one time Russian army mechanic, American practice by then was to give children a first and a middle name, but had no other. He changed the spelling of his name to Gershwin when he became a professional musician, George and Ira lived in many different residences, as their father changed dwellings with each new enterprise which he became involved in. Mostly, the boys grew up around the Yiddish Theater District and they frequented the local Yiddish theaters, with George occasionally appearing onstage as an extra
7.
University of Naples Federico II
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The University of Naples Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy. Founded in 1224 it is the oldest public university in the world. It was Europes first university dedicated to training secular administrative staff, in 2016 its the only generalist Italian university in the Times higher education reputation, which considers the best 200 best universities in the world. The university is named after its founder Frederick II, from October 2016 the University hosts the first ever Apple IOS Developer Academy. The University of Naples Federico II was founded by emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Frederick II on 5 June 1224 and it is the most ancient state-supported institution of higher education and research in the world. One of the most famous students of university was Roman Catholic theologian. Secondly, he wanted to facilitate the development of promising young students and scholars, avoiding any unnecessary. The University of Naples was arguably the first to be formed from scratch by a higher authority, although its claim to be the first state-sponsored university can be challenged by Palencia, Naples certainly was the first chartered one. The artificiality of its creation posed great difficulties in attracting students, the universitys early years were further complicated by the long existence, in nearby Salerno, of Europes most prestigious medical faculty, the Schola Medica Salernitana. The fledgling faculty of medicine at Naples had little hope to compete with it, and in 1231, the establishment of new faculties of theology and law under papal sponsorship in Rome in 1245 further drained Naples of students, as Rome was a more attractive location. In an effort to revitalize the dwindling university, in 1253, all the schools of the university of Naples moved to Salerno. But that experiment failed and the university moved back to Naples in 1258, the Angevin reforms after 1266 and the subsequent decline of Salerno gave the University of Naples a new lease on life and put it on a stable, sustainable track. Several professors from various disciplines are among the top Italian Scientists by H-index
8.
Prague Conservatory
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Prague Conservatory, sometimes also Prague Conservatoire, in Czech Pražská konzervatoř, educates and trains professional musical and theatrical artists. Prague Conservatory offers instruction in playing instruments including accordion, guitar, piano, and organ, as well as in singing, composing, conducting. The curriculum includes specialized theoretical studies, language education as well as general education, the institution has its own symphonic and chamber orchestras, several chamber music ensembles, and a theater company. About 250 concerts and 40 dramatic performances are held annually, in the academic year of 2005/2006, approximately 550 Czech and 40 foreign students studied at the Conservatory. The Prague Conservatoire was founded in 1808 by local aristocrats and burghers, classes first started in 1811, after a delay caused by Napoleonic Wars. Bedřich Diviš Weber was appointed the first director of the school, in 1891, Antonín Dvořák joined the faculty as the head of the composition department. He was the schools director between 1901 and 1904, dvořáks students included the composers Vítězslav Novák, Josef Suk, Rudolf Friml, Oskar Nedbal, and Franz Lehár. The list of professors who taught at the school includes also later schools director pianist Vilém Kurz, following the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, drama and ballet departments were established. Among others, Lída Baarová, Jiří Langmajer, Tatiana Vilhelmová, Filip Blažek, františek Brož Ladislav Černý Kateřina Emingerová Emil Hlobil Valentina Kameníková Saša Večtomov Official page
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Ildebrando Pizzetti
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Ildebrando Pizzetti was an Italian composer of classical music, musicologist and music critic. Pizzetti was born in Parma in 1880 and he was part of the Generation of 1880 along with Ottorino Respighi and Gian Francesco Malipiero. They were among the first Italian composers in some time whose primary contributions were not in opera, ildebrando Pizzetti was the son of Odoardo Pizzetti, a pianist and piano teacher who was his sons first teacher. There he was taught from 1897 by Giovanni Tebaldini and gained the beginnings of his lifelong interest in the music of Italy, reflected in his own music. See, List of music students by teacher, N to Q#Ildebrando Pizzetti, also a music critic, he wrote several books on the music of Italy and of Greece and co-founded a musical journal. A disciple of poet, playwright and revolutionary Gabriele dAnnunzio, Pizzetti wrote incidental music to his plays, one of Pizzettis later operas is a setting of dAnnunzios La Figlia Di Jorio. He was named to the Royal Academy of Italy in 1939, symphony in A in celebrazione del XXVIo centenario della fondazione dellImpero giapponese. 1920 Cello sonata in F1921, pub,1922 Tre canti for cello and piano Piano sonata pub
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