1.
Louiseville
–
Louiseville is a town in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada. It is located near the mouth of the Wolf River on the shore of Lac Saint-Pierre. Louiseville is twinned with Soissons in France and Cerfontaine in Belgium, the area was originally part of the Rivière-du-Loup Seignory. This seignory was formed in 1665 by Intendant Jean Talon and granted in 1672 to Charles Dugey Rozoy de Mannereuil, the seignory was thereafter also known as Rivière-Mannereuil for some time. In 1714, a mission was formed by the Récollets who dedicated it to the patronage of Anthony of Padua, in 1816, its post office opened. In 1845, the Parish Municipality of Rivière-du-Loup-en-Haut was formed, and it was reestablished in 1855 as Saint-Antoine-de-la-Rivière-du-Loup, named after the parish patron and the seignory. In 1878, the main settlement separated from the parish municipality, just one year later it was renamed to Louiseville in order to avoid confusion with another town called Rivière-du-Loup in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region. The new name was a tribute to Princess Louise, the daughter of Queen Victoria
Louiseville
–
City hall
2.
Mauricie
–
Mauricie is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec. La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region, making it a prime tourist location, the region has a land area of 35,855.22 km² and a 2006 census population of 258,928 residents. Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan, the word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis. Mauricie administrative region was created on August 20,1997 from the split of Mauricie–Bois-Francs administrative region into Mauricie, however, the concept of Mauricie as a traditional region long predates this. Anglophone, Central Quebec School Board Portail de la Mauricie Official website Tourisme Mauricie Regional tourist office CRÉ
Mauricie
–
Mauricie
3.
Quebec
–
Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
Quebec
–
The arrival of
Samuel de Champlain, the father of
New France, on the site of
Quebec City.
Quebec
–
Flag
Quebec
–
Michel's falls on
Ashuapmushuan River in
Saint-Félicien,
Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean.
Quebec
–
View of
Jacques-Cartier River from Andante mountain.
4.
Montreal
–
Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
Montreal
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Montreal as seen from the
Champlain Bridge;
McGill University;
Saint Joseph's Oratory; the
Old Montreal featuring the
Montreal Clock Tower and the
Jacques Cartier Bridge during the
Montreal Fireworks Festival; a view of the
Notre-Dame Basilica from
Place d'Armes; and the
Olympic Stadium.
Montreal
–
The Montreal Harbour in 1889.
Montreal
–
Saint Jacques Street (formerly St. James Street), in 1910
Montreal
–
Bonsecours Market in autumn.
5.
Canadian
–
Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
Canadian
–
Tommy Douglas
Canadian
–
Adélard Godbout
Canadian
–
Oscar Peterson
Canadian
–
Émile Nelligan
6.
Stained glass
–
The term stained glass can refer to coloured glass as a material or to works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches, mosques, although traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-dimensional structures and sculpture. Modern vernacular usage has extended the term stained glass to include domestic leadlight. As a material stained glass is glass that has been coloured by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The coloured glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together by strips of lead. Painted details and yellow stain are used to enhance the design. The term stained glass is applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass. Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to conceive an appropriate and workable design, and the engineering skills to assemble the piece. A window must fit snugly into the space for which it is made, must resist wind and rain, Many large windows have withstood the test of time and remained substantially intact since the late Middle Ages. In Western Europe they constitute the form of pictorial art to have survived. In this context, the purpose of a glass window is not to allow those within a building to see the world outside or even primarily to admit light. For this reason stained glass windows have been described as illuminated wall decorations, Stained glass is still popular today, but often referred to as art glass. It is prevalent in luxury homes, commercial buildings, and places of worship, artists and companies are contracted to create beautiful art glass ranging from domes, windows, backsplashes, etc. During the late Medieval period, glass factories were set up there was a ready supply of silica. Silica requires very high heat to become molten, something not all glass factories were able to achieve, such materials as potash, soda, and lead can be added to lower the melting temperature. Other substances, such as lime, are added to rebuild the weakened network, Glass is coloured by adding metallic oxide powders or finely divided metals while it is in a molten state. Copper oxides produce green or bluish green, cobalt makes deep blue, much modern red glass is produced using copper, which is less expensive than gold and gives a brighter, more vermilion shade of red. Glass coloured while in the pot in the furnace is known as pot metal glass
Stained glass
–
The north transept rose of
Chartres Cathedral donated by
Blanche of Castile. It represents the Virgin Mary as Queen of Heaven, surrounded by Biblical kings and prophets. Below is
St Anne, mother of the Virgin, with four righteous leaders. The window includes the arms of France and Castile.
Stained glass
–
Stained glass window at
Süleymaniye Mosque.
Stained glass
–
13th-century window from Chartres showing extensive use of the ubiquitous cobalt blue with green and purple-brown glass, details of amber and borders of flashed red glass.
Stained glass
–
A 19th-century window illustrates the range of colours common in both Medieval and Gothic Revival glass, Lucien Begule, Lyon (1896)
7.
Painting
–
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing, gesture, composition, narration, or abstraction, among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive, Paintings can be naturalistic and representational, photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic, emotive, or political in nature. A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by motifs and ideas. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action, the term painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. What enables painting is the perception and representation of intensity, every point in space has different intensity, which can be represented in painting by black and white and all the gray shades between. In practice, painters can articulate shapes by juxtaposing surfaces of different intensity, thus, the basic means of painting are distinct from ideological means, such as geometrical figures, various points of view and organization, and symbols. In technical drawing, thickness of line is ideal, demarcating ideal outlines of an object within a perceptual frame different from the one used by painters. Color and tone are the essence of painting as pitch and rhythm are the essence of music, color is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but in the East, some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Kandinsky, and Newton, have written their own color theory. Moreover, the use of language is only an abstraction for a color equivalent, the word red, for example, can cover a wide range of variations from the pure red of the visible spectrum of light. There is not a register of different colors in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music. For a painter, color is not simply divided into basic, painters deal practically with pigments, so blue for a painter can be any of the blues, phthalocyanine blue, Prussian blue, indigo, cobalt, ultramarine, and so on. Psychological and symbolical meanings of color are not, strictly speaking, colors only add to the potential, derived context of meanings, and because of this, the perception of a painting is highly subjective. The analogy with music is quite clear—sound in music is analogous to light in painting, shades to dynamics and these elements do not necessarily form a melody of themselves, rather, they can add different contexts to it. Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, as one example, collage, some modern painters incorporate different materials such as sand, cement, straw or wood for their texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet and Anselm Kiefer, there is a growing community of artists who use computers to paint color onto a digital canvas using programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and many others. These images can be printed onto traditional canvas if required, rhythm is important in painting as it is in music
Painting
–
The
Mona Lisa, by
Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most recognizable paintings in the world.
Painting
–
Chen Hongshou (1598–1652), Leaf album painting (
Ming Dynasty)
Painting
–
Circus Sideshow (
French: Parade de cirque),
Georges Seurat, 1887–88
Painting
–
Cave painting of aurochs, (
French: Bos primigenius primigenius),
Lascaux,
France,
prehistoric art
8.
National Order of Quebec
–
The order contains three grades, each with accordant post-nominal letters and place in the Canadian order of precedence for honours, decorations, and medals. This body is mandated to short-list candidates and forward their suggestions to the Governor-in-Council. Any person born, living, or who has lived in Quebec, save for anyone serving as a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec, is eligible to be nominated and names may be submitted posthumously. The Cabinet may also, without the input of the Council of the National Order of Quebec, promotion through the grades is possible for both substantive and honorary members. Admission recognizes conspicuous meritorious actions that improve or support Quebec and/or its language, upon admission into the Order of Quebec, members are presented with various insignia of the organization—a medallion, miniature, and button. On the reverse of the badge is inscribed the orders motto—Honneur au peuple du Québec —and a serial number at the base of the vertical bar. Each member will also receive miniature versions of their insignia, identical in appearance save for size, a lapel pin is also used for wear on casual civilian clothing. The ribbon for miniatures is 18 millimetres wide, the ceremony takes place in the Salon Rouge of the parliament building in Quebec City, though exceptions are sometimes made when inductees cannot be present. The insignia remain property of the Crown in Right of Quebec and must be returned upon a cessation of membership in the society. Nana Mouskouri OQ, Greek singer, appointed 2013
National Order of Quebec
–
Ordre national du Québec National Order of Quebec
9.
Montreal metro
–
The Montreal Metro is a rubber-tired, underground rapid transit system and the main form of public transport in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Metro, operated by the Montreal Transit Corporation, was inaugurated on October 14,1966, in 2013,356.1 million trips on the Metro were completed. According to the STM, the Metro system had transported over 7 billion passengers as of 2010, with the Metro, Montreal has built one of North Americas largest urban rapid transit schemes, attracting the second-highest ridership per capita behind New York City. The Montreal Metro was inspired by the Paris Métro, which is seen in the Metros station design. Urban transit began in Montreal in 1861 when a line of cars started to operate on Craig. Eventually, as the then Canadian metropolis grew, a network of streetcar lines provided service almost everywhere. But urban congestion started to take its toll on streetcar punctuality, in 1902, as European and American cities were inaugurating their first subway systems, the federal government created the Montreal Subway Company to promote the idea in Canada. Starting in 1910, many proposals were tabled but the Montreal Metro would prove to be an elusive goal, first, the Montreal Street Railway Company, the Montreal Central Terminal Company and the Montreal Underground and Elevated Railway Company undertook fruitless negotiations with the city. The Montreal Tramways Company was the first to receive the approval of the government in 1913. The reluctance of elected city officials to advance funds foiled this first attempt, the issue of a subway remained present in the newspapers but World War I and the following recession hitting Montreal prevented any execution. The gradual return of the financial health during the 1920s brought the MTC project back, World War II and the war effort in Montreal resurrected trams crowding. In 1944, the MTC proposed a network, one line running underneath Saint Catherine Street. By this point, construction was well underway on Canadas first subway line in Toronto under Yonge Street. Still, Montreal councillors remained cautious and no work was initiated, for some of them, including Jean Drapeau during its first municipal term, public transit was a thing of the past. In 1959, a company, the Société dexpansion métropolitaine, offered to build a rubber-tired metro but the Transportation Commission wanted its own network. This was the last missed opportunity, for the re-election of Jean Drapeau as mayor, in the early 1960s, the western world experienced an economic boom and Quebec underwent its Quiet Revolution. The 1961 plan reused several previous studies and planned three lines carved into the rock under the city centre to the most populated areas of the city. The main line, or number 1 was to pass between the two most important arteries, Sainte-Catherine and Sherbrooke streets, more or less under the De Maisonneuve Boulevard and it would extend between the English-speaking west at Atwater station and French-speaking east at Frontenac
Montreal metro
–
Top Left:
Hector Guimard 's
Paris Métro entrance at
Square-Victoria-OACI Top Right: Interior of future trains Azur to be delivered at the end of 2015. Centre:MR-73 train at
Montmorency station. Bottom Left: Two MR-73 trains at
Plamondon station. Bottom Right: Ceramic mural at
Crémazie station.
Montreal metro
–
Stained-glass mural by Pierre Gaboriau and Pierre Osterrath at Berri-UQAM station
Montreal metro
–
McGill station during rush hour.
Montreal metro
–
Crowded Berri-UQAM station during rush hour
10.
ICAO
–
The International Civil Aviation Organization, is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of air transport to ensure safe. Its headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec, ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Air Navigation Commission is the body within ICAO. The Commission is composed of 19 Commissioners, nominated by the ICAOs contracting states, Commissioners serve as independent experts, who although nominated by their states, do not serve as state or political representatives. The development of Aviation Standards and Recommended Practices is done under the direction of the ANC through the process of ICAO Panels. Once approved by the Commission, standards are sent to the Council, the forerunner to ICAO was the International Commission for Air Navigation. It held its first convention in 1903 in Berlin, Germany, at the second convention in 1906, also held in Berlin,27 countries attended. The third convention, held in London in 1912 allocated the first radio callsigns for use by aircraft, ICAN continued to operate until 1945. Fifty-two countries signed the Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, in Chicago, Illinois, on 7 December 1944. Under its terms, a Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization was to be established, accordingly, PICAO began operating on 6 June 1945, replacing ICAN. The 26th country ratified the Convention on 5 March 1947 and, consequently PICAO was disestablished on 4 April 1947 and replaced by ICAO, in October 1947, ICAO became an agency of the United Nations linked to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. In April 2013 Qatar offered to serve as the new permanent seat of the Organization, according to the Globe and Mail, Qatars move was at least partly motivated by the pro-Israel foreign policy of Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Approximately one month later, Qatar withdrew its bid after a proposal to the ICAOs governing council to move the ICAO triennial conference to Doha was defeated by a vote of 22–14. The 9th edition of the Convention on International Civil Aviation includes modifications from 1948 up to year 2006, ICAO refers to its current edition of the Convention as the Statute, and designates it as ICAO Document 7300/9. The Convention has 19 Annexes that are listed by title in the article Convention on International Civil Aviation, as of March 2016, there are 191 ICAO members, consisting of 190 of the 193 UN members, plus the Cook Islands. Liechtenstein has delegated Switzerland to implement the treaty to make it applicable in the territory of Liechtenstein, Taiwan attended the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly in 2013, but in 2016 was denied such an invitation, despite expressions of support from the United States for Taiwan to participate. However, the Republic of China under the name of Chinese Taipei is a member of International Air Transport Association, the Council of ICAO is elected by the Assembly every 3 years and consists of 36 members elected in 3 categories
ICAO
–
ICAO World Headquarters,
Montreal,
Quebec,
Canada
ICAO
–
International Civil Aviation Organization
11.
Place du Portage
–
Place du Portage is a large office complex in the Hull sector of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, situated along Boulevard Maisonneuve and facing the Ottawa River. It is owned and occupied by the Federal Government of Canada, Place du Portage consists of four phases which were built in different stages during the 1970s and early 80s. The office complex was built in order to revitalize Hulls decaying downtown core, much of the old downtown core was replaced with a series of massive towers and approximately 4,000 residents and businesses were displaced in the area that was once the towns main commercial area. The whole complex accommodates approximately 10,000 office workers and that makes Place du Portage the biggest office complex in the National Capital Region. Pedestrian bridges to city hall, which in turn has a bridge to a hotel. Place du Portage I is the second tallest office tower in Hull and it has 25 floors, is 101 metres high, and completed in 1973. Place du Portage I accommodates approximately 1,200 office workers, Place du Portage II is adjacent to Portage I and was completed in 1975. Including underground parking, shopping, mezzanine, and mechanical levels, Place du Portage II accommodates approximately 800 office workers. Place du Portage III consists of 6 connected towers of different heights, the tallest section is 18 floors above grade with another 5 below-grade levels. Place du Portage III accommodates approximately 4,500 office workers, mostly Public Services, in 2000, Phase III was named by the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada as one of the top 500 buildings produced in Canada during the last millennium. Place du Portage IV is the latest phase, completed in 1979, including underground parking, shopping, mezzanine, and mechanical levels, there are altogether 20 levels in a step-up design, with an approximate gross surface area of 122,000 square metres. Place du Portage IV accommodates approximately 3,500 office workers, almost exclusively Employment, list of tallest buildings in Ottawa-Gatineau Official website Emporis
Place du Portage
–
The Place du Portage complex facing the Ottawa River.
Place du Portage
–
The Place du Portage model on display in the main lobby 2014
12.
Gatineau
–
Gatineau, officially Ville de Gatineau, is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is the fourth largest city in the province after Montreal, Quebec City and it is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, together with which it forms Canadas National Capital Region. As of 2011 Gatineau had a population of 265,349, the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area had a population of 1,236,324. Gatineau is coextensive with an equivalent to a regional county municipality and census division of the same name. It is the seat of the district of Hull. The current city of Gatineau is centred on an area called Hull, Wright brought his family, five other families and twenty-five labourers and a plan to establish an agriculturally based community to what was then a mosquito-infested wilderness. But soon after, Wright and his family took advantage of the large lumber stands, the original settlement was called Wrightstown, later it became Hull and in 2002, after amalgamation, the City of Gatineau. In 1820, before immigrants from Great Britain arrived in numbers, Hull Township had a population of 707, including 365 men,113 women. Note the discrepancy in the number of men and women, owing to the work of the timber trade. In 1824, there were 106 families and 803 persons, during the rest of the 1820s, the population of Hull doubled, owing to the arrival of Ulster Protestants. By 1851, the population of the County of Ottawa was 11,104, by comparison, Bytown had a population of 7,760 in 1851. By 1861, Ottawa County now had a population of 15,671, the gradual move to the Township by French Canadians continued over the years, with the French Canadians growing from 10% of the population in 1850, to 50% in 1870, and 90% in 1920. The Gatineau River, like the Ottawa River, was much the preserve of the draveurs. Ottawa was founded later, as the terminus of the Rideau Canal built under the command of Col. John By as part of fortifications and its greater distance from the Canada–US border also left the new parliament less vulnerable to foreign attack. In the 1940s, during World War II, Hull, along various other regions within Canada, such as the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean. Hulls prison was simply labelled with a number and remained unnamed just like Canadas other war prisons, the prisoners of war were sorted and classified into categories by nationality and civilian or military status. In this camp, POWs were mostly Italian and German nationals, during the Conscription Crisis of 1944 the prison eventually included Canadians who had refused conscription. Also, prisoners were forced into hard labour which included farming and lumbering the land, during the 1970s and early 1980s, the decaying old downtown core of Hull was transformed by demolition and replacement with a series of large office complexes
Gatineau
–
The sun sets on office buildings in the
Hull Sector of Gatineau.
Gatineau
–
Coat of arms
Gatineau
–
Gatineau (view from the Peace Tower of Parliament Centre Block)
Gatineau
–
1830 painting of Wright's Town by
Thomas Burrowes, with the Chaudière Falls and Bytown visible in the background
13.
Granby, Quebec
–
Granby is a town in southwestern Quebec, located east of Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 63,433, Granby is the seat of La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality. It is the fourth most populated town in Montérégie after Longueuil, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, the town is named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, today it is most famous for its zoo and its landmark fountain of lake Boivin. The territory on which Granby is found was described as natural prairies and forests composed of ash, fir, maple, hemlock and birch, there was also a small swamp a kilometer, the area was inhabited sporadically by nomadic First Nations. In 1792, Loyalists were granted permission to colonize the Eastern Townships, in January 29,1803, the Executive Council of Quebec conceded the Township of Granby to Colonel Henry Caldwell and his 97 associates. John Horner, the first inhabitant who settled on the site of the current town arrived in 1813, Horner built a sawmill near the Yamaska River. Twelve years later, in 1825, he opened a store with Richard Frost. Frost traced the official plans later that same year, Granby became an incorporated municipality in 1816 and a town in 1971. In May 2006, the citizens of Granby and Granby Township held a referendum on a possible merger, a majority of citizens of the two municipalities approved the merger, which took effect on January 1,2007. The North Yamaska river, which crosses lake Boivin (this lake took shape after the construction of a series of dams and it connects to nearby villages by a network of roads and has two access points from the highway at exit 68 and 74. It is notable that Granby possess many parks and fountains upon its territory, notable ones are parks Daniel-Johnson, Victoria, Terry Fox, Miner, Pelletier, and Kennedy. The Centre dinterprétation de la nature du lac Boivin is a non-profit with an aimed at conservation of the territory, habitat, fauna. Park Victoria is the oldest urban garden in town and its lot was purchased in 1889 and the park landscaped in 1900, its name honours Alexandrina Victoria de Wettin, queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India. There are war memorials to Latimer for the killed in the Second Boer Wars. Selbach fountain, inaugurated in 1982 rises on the corner of Dufferin street, in the warm months, free concerts are sometimes played in a gazebo. A monument to the founders of Saint-Jean-Baptiste society was erected in 1934, the first community public art gallery in the region is installed by Atelier 19 to celebrate its ten years. During the summer, the park has installed to house different public activities such as dance. Amalgamation of the city and the township of Granby into the town of Granby on January 1,2007
Granby, Quebec
–
Rue Principale (Main Street).
Granby, Quebec
–
The town of Granby seen in 1883.
Granby, Quebec
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St. George's Anglican Church.
Granby, Quebec
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Église Sainte-Famille.
14.
The Canadian Encyclopedia
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The Canadian Encyclopedia is a source of information on Canada published in English and French. It is available online, at no cost, in addition to articles, The Canadian Encyclopedia has interactive timelines, education guides and over 15,000 multimedia items. The resource is continually updated and has over 5000 accredited authors, the website also provides access to the Encyclopedia of Music in Canada, The Canadian Encyclopedia Junior Edition, Macleans articles and Timelines of Canadian history. Canada had been without a national encyclopedia since the 1957 Encyclopedia Canadiana, when looking through the Canadian entries in existing encyclopedias such as Random House, Canadian nationalist Mel Hurtig found blatant errors and omissions. In response, in the 1980s he launched a project to create a wholly new Canadian encyclopedia with support from Alberta Premier Peter Lougheed, the Editor-in-Chief James Harley Marsh recruited more than 3,000 authors to write for it. They made index cards for every fact in the encyclopedia, signed off by the researcher and they had to have every article read by three outside readers. Then the whole thing was proofread by an independent source, there were over 3,000 people who contributed to the content and accuracy of the encyclopedias entries. The first edition of The Canadian Encyclopedia was published in three volumes in 1985 for $125/set and sold out within days of publication - a Canadian bestseller, a revised and expanded edition was released in 1988 and sold out as well. It was the first encyclopedia in the world to use a computer to help compile, typeset, design and it was encoded in a markup language precursor of HTML. In September 1990, Hurtig published the five-volume Junior Encyclopedia of Canada, Hurtig sold his publishing company to McClelland & Stewart in May 1991 and with it the encyclopedia. In 1995, McClelland & Stewart published the first digital CD-ROM edition, today, Historica Canada, a not-for-profit foundation, publishes the encyclopedia for free online. To date, the Encyclopedia’s growing collection contains more than 19,600 bilingual, list of online encyclopedias The Canadian Encyclopedia
The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Cover of 2000 edition
15.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
Virtual International Authority File
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Screenshot 2012
16.
Union List of Artist Names
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The Union List of Artist Names is an online database using a controlled vocabulary currently containing around 293,000 names and other information about artists. Names in ULAN may include names, pseudonyms, variant spellings, names in multiple languages. Among these names, one is flagged as the preferred name, the focus of each ULAN record is an artist. Currently there are around 120,000 artists in the ULAN, in the database, each artist record is identified by a unique numeric ID. Linked to each artist record are names, related artists, sources for the data, the temporal coverage of the ULAN ranges from Antiquity to the present and the scope is global. The ULAN includes proper names and associated information about artists, artists may be either individuals or groups of individuals working together. Artists in the ULAN generally represent creators involved in the conception or production of visual arts, repositories and some donors are included as well. Work on the ULAN began in 1984, when the Getty decided to merge, in 1987 the Getty created a department dedicated to compiling and distributing terminology. The ULAN grows and changes via contributions from the user community, although originally intended only for use by Getty projects, the broader art information community outside the Getty expressed a need to use ULAN for cataloging and retrieval. Its scope was broadened to include corporate bodies such as firms and repositories of art. The ULAN was founded under the management of Eleanor Fink, the ULAN has been constructed over the years by numerous members of the user community and an army of dedicated editors, under the supervision of several managers. The ULAN was published in 1994 in hardcopy and machine-readable files, given the growing size and frequency of changes and additions to the ULAN, by 1997 it had become evident that hard-copy publication was impractical. It is now published in automated formats only, in both a searchable online Web interface and in data files available for licensing, final editorial control of the ULAN is maintained by the Getty Vocabulary Program, using well-established editorial rules. The current managers of the ULAN are Patricia Harpring, Managing Editor, entities in the Person facet typically have no children. Entities in the Corporate Body facet may branch into trees, there may be multiple broader contexts, making the ULAN structure polyhierarchical. In addition to the relationships, the ULAN also has equivalent. Contributors to the Getty Vocabularies and implementers of the licensed vocabulary data may consult these guidelines as well
Union List of Artist Names
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Contents
