Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. was a Jamaican political activist. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa. Garvey was ideologically a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist, his ideas came to be known as Garveyism.
Garvey photographed in 1924
A statue of Garvey now stands in Saint Ann's Bay, the town where he was born
In London, Garvey spent time in the Reading Room of the British Museum.
In 1918 Garvey's UNIA began publishing the Negro World newspaper.
Black nationalism is a nationalist movement which seeks liberation, equality, representation and/or self-determination for black people as a distinct national identity, especially in racialized, colonial and postcolonial societies. Its earliest proponents saw it as a way to advocate for democratic representation in culturally plural societies or to establish self-governing independent nation-states for black people. Modern black nationalism often aims for the social, political, and economic empowerment of black communities within white majority societies, either as an alternative to assimilation or as a way to ensure greater representation and equality within predominantly Eurocentric or white cultures.
1964 photograph of Malcolm X
1924 photograph of Marcus Garvey
