Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)
Maria Feodorovna, known before her marriage as Princess Dagmar of Denmark, was Empress of Russia from 1881 to 1894 as the wife of Emperor Alexander III. She was the fourth child and second daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel. Maria’s eldest son, Nicholas, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. Maria lived for 10 years after Bolshevik functionaries killed Nicholas and his immediate family in 1918.
Empress Maria in 1881
Tsesarevna Maria Feodorovna of Russia, 1870s
Princess Dagmar's birthplace and childhood home, the Yellow Mansion in Copenhagen.
Princess Dagmar, Prince Vilhelm, Christian IX of Denmark and Princess Alexandra in 1861.
Alexander III was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. This policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms". Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907), he opposed any socio-economic moves that limited his autocratic rule.
Portrait photograph, 1885
Alexander III as Tsesarevich, by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky, 1865
Grand painting by artist Georges Becker of the coronation of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Fyodorovna, which took place on 27 May [O.S. 15 May] 1883 at the Uspensky Sobor of the Moscow Kremlin. On the left of the dais can be seen his young son and heir, the Tsarevich Nicholas, and behind Nicholas can be seen a young Grand Duke George.
Alexander receiving rural district elders in the yard of Petrovsky Palace in Moscow; painting by Ilya Repin