1.
Baliuag, Bulacan
–
Baliuag, is a first class urban municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 149,954 people, Baliuag was founded on 1732 by Augustinian friars and was incorporated by the Spanish Governor-General on 1733. The town was a part of Quingwa before. Through the years of Spanish domination, Baliuag was predominantly agricultural, people had to depend on rice farming for main source of livelihood. Orchards and tumanas yielded fruits and vegetables, which were sold in the public market, commerce and industry also played important contributions to the economy of the people. During the early part of the 19th century Baliuag was already considered one of the most progressive, the growth of the public market has significantly changed the mode of economy of the town. Baliuag is the commerce, transportation, entertainment and educational center of Northern Bulacan. With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, the municipality is now part of Manilas built up area which reaches San Ildefonso in its northernmost part. Five days before May 6,1899, Henry Ware Lawtons troops marched to Baliuag, after the fateful and bloody encounter at the Sabang, Baliuag Battle. Baliuag was the first Municipio ever created during the American regime in the Philippines, on May 6,1899, five days before the fateful Sabang Battle. The frayle further stated that the Convent was a repository of priceless parish records which dated to the founding of Baliuag as a pueblo or parrochia by the OSA or Augustinians in 1733, but it the first convent was erected at Barangay Sta. Barbara, Baliuag before the Parokya was formally established at the now Plaza Naning, joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga arrived in the Philippines on August 3,1786 and visited Baliuag on February 17,1802 with Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete. Their host was Baliuags Parish Priest, Fray Esteban Diez Hidalgo, Diez served as the longest cura parroco of Baliwag from 1789, having built the church and convent from 1790 to 1801. Juan de Albarran, OSA was assigned Parish Priest of Baliuag in 1733, the first baptism in Baliuag Church was ordered by Fr. Feliz Trillo, Provincial of the Province on June 7,1933 while Baliuag was founded, the town or pueblo was created in the provincial Chapter on May 15,1734, with the appointment of Fr. Manuel Bazeta or Baseta as first Kura Paroko. In 1769-1774, the Church of Baliuag was built by Father Gregorio Giner, the present structure was later rebuilt by Father Esteban Diaz using mortar and stone. The 1866 Belfry was also completed by Father Matias Novoa but the July 19,1880 quake damaged the same which was repaired by Father Thomas Gresa. The earthquake of June 3,1863, one of the strongest to ever hit Manila, malacañang then, became the permanent residence of the head of the country. The massive quake also damaged the Baliuag Church, antonio de Mesa, “Maestrong Tonio fabricated the parts to have finished the Spanish-era Baliuag Church
2.
Captaincy General of the Philippines
–
The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire. The Captaincy General encompassed the Spanish East Indies, which included the Philippine Islands and it was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish settlements. However, in 1821, following the independence of Mexico, all control was transferred to Madrid, antonio Pigafetta, the expeditions chronicler and one of only 18 original crew members to survive Ferdinand Magellans circumnavigation of the globe, recorded all details of the voyage. On 5 June 1569, Guido de Lavezaris, the treasurer in the Archipelago. A letter from another official, Andres de Mirandaola, also described briefly this encounter with the Portuguese, the danger of another attack led the Spaniards to remove their camp from Cebu to Panay, which they considered a safer place. Legazpi himself, in his report to the Viceroy in New Spain and it was in Panay that the conquest of Luzon was planned, and launched on 8 May 1570. Two of Lepazpis Lieutenant-commanders, Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo conquered Luzons northern region, in 1574 the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1584, the Real Audiencia of Manila is established by King Felipe II, the Captaincy had its capital in Cebu from 1565 to 1595, and in Manila from 1595 until 1898. Ciriaco González Carbajal was appointed as Oidor of the Audiencia of Manila and was instructed to abide by the Royal Ordinance of Mayors of 1782, a month earlier, on October 23, the Intendencia of Manila had been attached to the Captaincy General of the Philippines. Until 1822, all General Captains were civilians, but after that year they were chosen among the military. Mindanao, Caraga, Misamis, Zamboanga, Nueva Guipúzcoa sultanate of Sulu Joló Marianas, Marianas capital Agaña, palau Bonin Islands Spratly Islands Caroline Islands Marshall Islands Special Districts, Benguet, Ticao and Masbate, Comandancia del Corregidor, Lower territories of Agno. Spanish rule in the Philippines ceased in 1898 after the war with the United States, most of the remaining territories in the Pacific Ocean were sold to Germany during the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899. Spanish East Indies Governor-General of the Philippines Royal Audience of Manila Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of New Spain — centered in México History of the Philippines History of the Philippines
3.
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex
–
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex is located at 2 High Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. It is a 9-storey building built on the site of the Old Mental Hospital, of only the granite facade. The Old Mental Hospital was built in 1892 and it was designed by Danby & Leigh. It was used as a quarters for the European nursing staff of the Civil Hospital until the World War II. Originally, it contains only 10 bedrooms for the nurses, a matrons office, the building was used to accommodate staff in 1941. It was turned into a hospital after the war. In 1947, this hospital was the only one of its type in the city when the population in Hong Kong was one. The building was a block of the mental hospital in the 1940s. It continued to function as such until the Castle Peak Mental Hospital opened in 1961, tales of ghostly sightings were spread since it was abandoned in the 1970s. Therefore, it is known as High Street Ghost House or Haunted House in High Street. This building became the haunt of curious teenagers and drug addicts who used the methadone clinic nearby before the reconstruction and it fell into disrepair and was badly ruined by two fires, which were believed to be inadvertently started by trespassers. The Hong Kong Government decided in 1990s to keep the façade, in 2001, work was finally completed. The remains of the building is a Grade I Historic Building. It is part of the Central and Western Heritage Trail, there is a community hall in the Sai Ying Pun Community Complex. It now houses several charity organizations, which provide services to the local community, facadism King George V Memorial Park, Hong Kong Sai Ying Pun Community Complex, Rehabilitation Old Mental Hospital
4.
British Hong Kong
–
British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1841 to 1997. It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981, Hong Kong Island was ceded to Great Britain by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Anglo-Chinese War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Anglo-Chinese War, finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99-year lease. The transfer has been credited as marking the end of the British Empire, in 1836, the Manchu Qing government undertook a major policy review of the opium trade. Lin Zexu volunteered to take on the task of suppressing opium, in March 1839, he became Special Imperial Commissioner in Canton, where he ordered the foreign traders to surrender their opium stock. He confined the British to the Canton Factories and cut off their supplies, Chief Superintendent of Trade, Charles Elliot, complied with Lins demands to secure a safe exit for the British, with the costs involved to be resolved between the two governments. When Elliot promised that the British government would pay for their stock, the merchants surrendered their 20,283 chests of opium. In September 1839, the British Cabinet decided that the Chinese should be made to pay for the destruction of British property, an expeditionary force was placed under Elliot and his cousin, Rear Admiral George Elliot, as joint plenipotentiaries in 1840. Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston stressed to the Chinese Imperial Government that the British Government did not question Chinas right to prohibit opium, but it objected to the way this was handled. He viewed the sudden strict enforcement as laying a trap for the traders. In 1841, Elliot negotiated with Lins successor, Qishan, in the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War, on 20 January, Elliot announced the conclusion of preliminary arrangements, which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and its harbour to the British Crown. On 26 January, the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and Commodore James Bremer, commander-in-chief of British forces in China, on 29 August 1842, the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking, which ceded Hong Kong in perpetuity to Britain. The treaty failed to satisfy British expectations of an expansion of trade and profit. In October 1856, Chinese authorities in Canton detained the Arrow, the Consul in Canton, Harry Parkes, claimed the hauling down of the flag and arrest of the crew were an insult of very grave character. Parkes and Sir John Bowring, the 4th Governor of Hong Kong, in March 1857, Palmerston appointed Lord Elgin as Plenipotentiary with the aim of securing a new and satisfactory treaty. A French expeditionary force joined the British to avenge the execution of a French missionary in 1856, in 1860, the capture of the Taku Forts and occupation of Beijing led to the Treaty of Tientsin and Convention of Peking. In the Treaty of Tientsin, the Chinese accepted British demands to open ports, navigate the Yangtze River. During the conflict, the British occupied the Kowloon Peninsula, where the land was valuable training and resting ground
5.
Philippine Revolution
–
The Philippine Revolution, also called the Tagalog War by the Spanish, was a revolution and subsequent conflict fought between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities. The Philippine Revolution began in August 1896, when the Spanish authorities discovered Katipunan, the Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, was a liberationist movement whose goal was independence from Spain through armed revolt. The organization began to influence much of the Philippines, Bonifacio called for an attack on the capital city of Manila. This attack failed, however, the surrounding provinces began to revolt, in particular, rebels in Cavite led by Mariano Alvarez and Emilio Aguinaldo won early victories. A power struggle among the revolutionaries led to Bonifacios death in 1897, with command shifting to Aguinaldo and that year, the revolutionaries and the Spanish signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which temporarily reduced hostilities. Aguinaldo and other Filipino officers exiled themselves in Hong Kong, however, the hostilities never completely ceased. On April 21,1898, the United States launched a blockade of Cuba. On May 1, the U. S. Navys Asiatic Squadron, under Commodore George Dewey, decisively defeated the Spanish Navy in the Battle of Manila Bay, effectively seizing control of Manila. On May 19, Aguinaldo, unofficially allied with the United States, returned to the Philippines, by June, the rebels had gained control of nearly all of the Philippines, with the exception of Manila. On June 12, Aguinaldo issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence, although this signified the end date of the revolution, neither Spain nor the United States recognized Philippine independence. The Spanish rule of the Philippines officially ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1898, in the treaty, Spain ceded control of the Philippines and other territories to the United States. There was an uneasy peace around Manila, with the American forces controlling the city, in June 1899, the nascent First Philippine Republic formally declared war against the United States. The Philippines would not become an internationally recognized independent state until 1946, the main influx of revolutionary ideas came at the start of the 19th century, when the Philippines was opened for world trade. In 1809, the first English firms were established in Manila, the Philippines had been governed from Mexico since 1565, with colonial administrative costs sustained by subsidies from the galleon trade. Increased competition with foreign traders brought the trade to an end in 1815. After its recognition of Mexican independence in 1821, Spain was forced to govern the Philippines directly from Madrid, at this point, post-French Revolution ideas entered the country through literature, which resulted in the rise of an enlightened principalia class in the society. The 1868 Spanish Revolution brought the rule of Queen Isabella II to an end. The autocratic government was replaced by a government led by General Francisco Serrano
6.
Nacionalista Party
–
The Nacionalista Party is the oldest political party in the Philippines today and was responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907. The Nacionalista Party was the party from 1935–1944, 1944–1946, 1953–1957, 1957–1961. In practice, the differences between both parties are obscure as changing of party allegiance by individual politicians, especially prior to elections, has become a norm in Philippine politics. The original “Nacionalista” Party that was founded on August 21,1901 in Calle Gunao, Quiapo, Santos, Pio H. Santos, Salustiano Cruz, Valentin Solis and Jose Palma. During the Japanese Occupation political parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI, in 1978, in a throwback to the Japanese Occupation, political parties were asked to merge into the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, although the Nacionalistas preferred to go into hibernation. Eventually, the party was revived during the late 1980s and early 1990s by the Laurel family, **in coalition with PDP-Laban Throughout their careers, many of the countrys politicians, statesmen, and leaders were, in whole or in part, Nacionalistas. Remulla Elias K. Bulut, Sr. Wenceslao Peewee B, the Nacionalistas fielded Senator Manuel Villar, Jr. and running with fellow Senator Loren Legarda who is a member of the NPC. It became the dominant minority party after a resolution passed by the COMELEC, on April 21, however it was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by the rival Liberal Party. On May 6,2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger and it was based on a resolution by the COMELEC giving political parties to be accredited by August 17,2009. However it is being challenged by the Liberal Party calls the said alliance a bogus alliance, as well, several local races are being challenged from both parties therefore causing confusion in those races. List of political parties in the Philippines Filipino nationalism Liberal Party The Jones Act Official party site
7.
Philippines
–
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
8.
La solidaridad
–
La Solidaridad was an organization created in Spain on December 13,1888. Headed by José Rizals cousin, Galicano Apacible, it issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar, the first issue of La Solidaridad came out on February 15,1889. Published fortnightly, it served as the organ of the reform movement for six years. In general, its funds came from the Comite de Propaganda in the Philippines, rizal was first offered the position of its editorship. However, he declined because he was very busy annotating Antonio de Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London, in the end, Graciano López Jaena showed an interest in becoming the editor. On April 25,1889, La Solidaridad published the letter entitled The aspirations of the Filipinos which was written by the Asociación Hispano-Filipina de Madrid, on December 15,1889, Marcelo H. del Pilar replaced Graciano López Jaena as the editor of La Solidaridad. Under his editorship, the aims of the expanded and drew the attention on politicians. It ceased publication on November 15,1895, with 7 volumes and 160 issues, Philippine literature in Spanish Philippine Revolution Constantino, Renato. Zaide, Sonia M. and Gregorio F. Zaide, La Solidaridad at the MSC Institute of Technology The Philippine Revolution - La Solidaridad
9.
Bulacan
–
Bulacan is a province in the Philippines, located in the Central Luzon Region in the island of Luzon,11 kilometres north of Manila, and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bulacan was established on August 15,1578 and it has 569 barangays from 21 municipalities and three component cities. Bulacan is located north of Metro Manila. Bordering Bulacan are the provinces of Pampanga to the west, Nueva Ecija to the north, Aurora and Quezon to the east, Bulacan also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay. In the 2015 census, Bulacan had a population of 3,292,071 people, the highest in Region III, Bulacans most populated city is San Jose del Monte, the most populated municipality is Santa Maria while the least populated is Doña Remedios Trinidad. In 1899, the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos was the birthplace of the First Constitutional Democracy in Asia, pre colonial Bulacan is not much documented as others in the Visayas region. It was said that Bulacan were administered by the Royal Natives from Tondo ruled by Lakandulas, in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription mentioned some settlements such as Gatbuka, Paila, Binaungan. Other pre colonial accounts on Bulacan was the ancient village called by Chinese traders Lihan as mentioned by Ferdinand Blumentritt is the present day Malolos, the Conquest of Bulacan traces to the first years of the Spanish in the Philippines. Upon the defeat of the Macabebe and Hagonoy natives led by Bambalito in the Battle of Bangkusay in June 3,1571 that caused Martin de Goiti to move up north first to Lubao in September 1571. In April 5,1572, the Encomiendas of Calumpit and Malolos were unified co-administered by Moron, also on that year Alcaldia de Calumpit was formed which the areas of Macabebe, Candaba, Apalit in Pampanga and the settlements of Meyto, Panducot, Meysulao and Malolos. And in December 28,1575 Governor - General Francisco Sande order to include Hagonoy in Calumpit and it was gone and recreated in 1997 upon the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Presentacion in Malolos. In April 30,1578 Bulakan town was established by the Augustinians with Fray Diego Vivar as its first prior. It was reported that the part of the present-day Bulacan was to be very well populated. No exact date and year when Alcaldia de Calumpit was dissolved and it was only documented that Malolos were first to be appeared as part of Alcaldia de Bulacan was in 1582. It may assumed that reorganization of encomiendas has been occurred between 1580-1582 at the time of Governor General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa, however, the establishment and development of southern part of the present-day Bulacan was not simultaneous and identified with the West. It was because this part of the Province was established by group of missionaries. In 1578 Order of Friars Minor headed by Juan de Plasencia and Diego Oropesa arrived in the area called Toril, also in 1578 Plasencia established the Town of Meycauayan. Where in fact Bulacan the town was already a visita of Tondo in 1575 and Calumpit where Malolos and it was the towns of Bocaue, Polo, San Jose del Monte, Santa Maria de Pandi, Obando and Marilao)
