1.
IUCN
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The International Union for Conservation of Nature is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, lobbying. IUCNs mission is to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of resources is equitable. Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to equality, poverty alleviation. Unlike other international NGOs, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation and it tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through lobbying and partnerships. The organization is best known to the public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List. IUCN has a membership of over 1200 governmental and non-governmental organizations, some 11,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 60 countries and its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several conventions on nature conservation. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature, in the past, IUCN has been criticized for placing the interests of nature over those of indigenous peoples. In recent years, its relations with the business sector have caused controversy. It was previously called the International Union for Protection of Nature, establishment In 1947, the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature organised an international conference on the protection of nature in Brunnen. It is considered to be the first government-organized non-governmental organization, the initiative to set up the new organisation came from UNESCO and especially from its first Director General, the British biologist Julian Huxley. At the time of its founding IUPN was the international organisation focusing on the entire spectrum of nature conservation Early years. Its secretariat was located in Brussels and its first work program focused on saving species and habitats, increasing and applying knowledge, advancing education, promoting international agreements and promoting conservation. Providing a solid base for conservation action was the heart of all activities. IUPN and UNESCO were closely associated and they jointly organized the 1949 Conference on Protection of Nature. In preparation for this conference a list of endangered species was drawn up for the first time
IUCN
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Julian Huxley, the first Director General of UNESCO, took the initiative to set up IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
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Africa was the first regional focus of IUCN conservation action
IUCN
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Stopping illegal trade of wildlife is one of IUCN's priorities
2.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited what we now call Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
Missouri
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A physiographic map of Missouri.
Missouri
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Flag
Missouri
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The
Bell Mountain Wilderness of southern Missouri's
Mark Twain National Forest
Missouri
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External video
3.
Rolla, MO
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Rolla /ˈrɒlə/ is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States. The population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559, Rolla is located approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. The Rolla, Mo Micropolitan Statistical area consists of Phelps County and it is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known, both nationally and internationally, for its many engineering departments and computer science department. The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is located in Rolla, in addition, this is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area. In 1844, John Webber built the first house in what became the City of Rolla, nine years later, railroad contractor Edmund Ward Bishop, considered to be the founder of Rolla, settled in the area. The state officially established Rolla as a town in 1858, two stories account for how Rolla was named. When Rolla was made the county seat in 1861, the residents of Dillon, having lost a round, were allowed to choose the name of the new city and named it Rolla, the more widely accepted story came from a citizens meeting about naming the town. Webber was said to prefer the name Hardscrabble and Bishop pushed for the name Phelps Center, new settlers from North Carolina voted to name the community after Raleigh their hometown but chose to spell the Missouri version phonetically. With numerous settlers from the South, many residents of Rolla leaned toward the Confederacy during the American Civil War and they built two minor forts — Fort Wyman and Fort Dette — during their occupation. Rolla was also the location of Camp Glover and Camp Davies, from 1863 to 1865, Rolla was the regimental headquarters of the 5th Missouri State Militia. For most of its history, Rolla has served as a transportation and it was the original terminus of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, colloquially known as the Frisco Line. Today, the BNSF Railway directly runs through the town, Rolla was also a regular stop along U. S. Route 66, as it is almost located exactly halfway between the larger cities of St. Louis and Springfield. Today, Interstate 44, U. S. Route 63, Rolla is located at 37°56′56″N 91°45′47″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.85 square miles. Running through the city is the line that separates the vast Missouri watershed from the substantially smaller Meremec watershed. Rolla has a mix of a subtropical and humid continental climate. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,559 people,7,574 households, the population density was 1,653.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,339 housing units at a density of 704.9 per square mile
Rolla, MO
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The old Phelps County Courthouse
Rolla, MO
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Location of Rolla within County and State
Rolla, MO
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Phelps County Jail
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
5.
United States Forest Service
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The United States Forest Service is an agency of the U. S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nations 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass 193 million acres. Major divisions of the include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the major national land agency that is outside the U. S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, in 1876, Congress created the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the quality and conditions of forests in the United States. Hough was appointed the head of the office, in 1881, the office was expanded into the newly formed Division of Forestry. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 authorized withdrawing land from the domain as forest reserves. In 1901, the Division of Forestry was renamed the Bureau of Forestry, gifford Pinchot was the first United States Chief Forester in the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. As of 2009, the Forest Service has a budget authority of $5.5 billion. The Forest Service employs 34,250 employees in 750 locations, including 10,050 firefighters,737 law enforcement personnel, and 500 scientists. The mission of the Forest Service is To sustain the health, diversity and its motto is Caring for the land and serving people. As the lead agency in natural resource conservation, the US Forest Service provides leadership in the protection, management, and use of the nations forest, rangeland. The agencys ecosystem approach to management integrates ecological, economic, and social factors to maintain and enhance the quality of the environment to meet current, the everyday work of the Forest Service balances resource extraction, resource protection, and providing recreation.5 billion trees per year. Further, the Forest Service fought fires on 2,996,000 acres of land in 2007, the Forest Service organization includes ranger districts, national forests, regions, research stations and research work units and the Northeastern Area Office for State and Private Forestry. Each level has responsibility for a variety of functions, the Chief of the Forest Service is a career federal employee who oversees the entire agency. The Chief reports to the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, there are five deputy chiefs for the following areas, National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Research and Development, Business Operations, and Finance. The Forest Service Research and Development deputy area includes five stations, the Forest Products Laboratory. Station directors, like regional foresters, report to the Chief, Research stations include Northern, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, Rocky Mountain, and Southern. There are 92 research work units located at 67 sites throughout the United States, there are 80 Experimental Forests and Ranges that have been established progressively since 1908, many sites are more than 50 years old
United States Forest Service
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The Forest Products Laboratory, in
Madison, Wisconsin.
United States Forest Service
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Logo of the U.S. Forest Service
United States Forest Service
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Map of the nine regions
United States Forest Service
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A horse patrol of the Law Enforcement & Investigations unit
6.
United States National Forest
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National Forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands in the United States. The National Forest System was created by the Land Revision Act of 1891, abbot Kinney and forester Theodore Lukens were key spokesmen for the effort. In the United States there are 155 National Forests containing almost 190 million acres of land and these lands comprise 8.5 percent of the total land area of the United States, an area about the size of Texas. Some 87 percent of National Forest land lies west of the Mississippi River in the ranges of the Western United States. Alaska has 12 percent of all National Forest lands, the U. S. Forest Service also manages all of the United States National Grasslands, and around half of the United States National Recreation Areas. There are two different types of forests within the National Forest system. Those east of the Great Plains in the Midwestern and Eastern United States were primarily acquired by the government since 1891. The land had long been in the domain and sometimes repeatedly logged since colonial times. These are mostly lands that were kept in the domain, with the exception of inholdings. Land management of these areas focuses on conservation, timber harvesting, livestock grazing, watershed protection, wildlife, unlike national parks and other federal lands managed by the National Park Service, extraction of natural resources from national forests is permitted, and in many cases encouraged. National Forests are categorized by the U. S. as IUCN Category VI protected areas, however, the first-designated wilderness areas, and some of the largest, are on National Forest lands. There are management decision conflicts between conservationists and environmentalists, and natural resource extraction companies and lobbies, over the protection and/or use of National Forest lands, many ski resorts and summer resorts operate on leased land in National Forests
United States National Forest
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Camas flowers and the west vista of the
Teton Range in
Caribou-Targhee National Forest,
Idaho
7.
Mark Twain
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter and he later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, the short story brought international attention and was even translated into classic Greek. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty. He filed for bankruptcy in the wake of financial setbacks. He chose to pay all his creditors in full, even though he had no legal responsibility to do so. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halleys Comet, and he predicted that he would go out with it as well and he was lauded as the greatest American humorist of his age, and William Faulkner called him the father of American literature. His parents met when his father moved to Missouri, and they were married in 1823, Twain was of Cornish, English, and Scots-Irish descent. Only three of his siblings survived childhood, Orion, Henry, and Pamela and his sister Margaret died when Twain was three, and his brother Benjamin died three years later. His brother Pleasant died at six months of age, slavery was legal in Missouri at the time, and it became a theme in these writings. His father was an attorney and judge, but he died of pneumonia in 1847, the next year, Twain left school after the fifth grade to become a printers apprentice. In 1851, he working as a typesetter, contributing articles and humorous sketches to the Hannibal Journal. He educated himself in libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school. Twain describes his boyhood in Life on the Mississippi, stating there was but one permanent ambition among his comrades. Pilot was the grandest position of all, the pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary – from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay. As Twain describes it, the pilots prestige exceeded that of the captain, bixby took Twain on as a cub pilot to teach him the river between New Orleans and St. Louis for $500, payable out of Twains first wages after graduating. It was more than two years before he received his pilots license, piloting gave also him his pen name from mark twain, the leadsmans cry for a measured river depth of two fathoms, which was safe water for a steamboat
Mark Twain
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Mark Twain, detail of photo by
Mathew Brady, February 7, 1871
Mark Twain
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Samuel L. Clemens stamp, 1940
Mark Twain
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Samuel Clemens, age 15
Mark Twain
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Library of
Twain House, with hand-stenciled paneling, fireplaces from India, embossed wallpapers, and hand-carved mantel purchased in Scotland
8.
Rolla, Missouri
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Rolla /ˈrɒlə/ is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States. The population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559, Rolla is located approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. The Rolla, Mo Micropolitan Statistical area consists of Phelps County and it is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known, both nationally and internationally, for its many engineering departments and computer science department. The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is located in Rolla, in addition, this is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area. In 1844, John Webber built the first house in what became the City of Rolla, nine years later, railroad contractor Edmund Ward Bishop, considered to be the founder of Rolla, settled in the area. The state officially established Rolla as a town in 1858, two stories account for how Rolla was named. When Rolla was made the county seat in 1861, the residents of Dillon, having lost a round, were allowed to choose the name of the new city and named it Rolla, the more widely accepted story came from a citizens meeting about naming the town. Webber was said to prefer the name Hardscrabble and Bishop pushed for the name Phelps Center, new settlers from North Carolina voted to name the community after Raleigh their hometown but chose to spell the Missouri version phonetically. With numerous settlers from the South, many residents of Rolla leaned toward the Confederacy during the American Civil War and they built two minor forts — Fort Wyman and Fort Dette — during their occupation. Rolla was also the location of Camp Glover and Camp Davies, from 1863 to 1865, Rolla was the regimental headquarters of the 5th Missouri State Militia. For most of its history, Rolla has served as a transportation and it was the original terminus of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, colloquially known as the Frisco Line. Today, the BNSF Railway directly runs through the town, Rolla was also a regular stop along U. S. Route 66, as it is almost located exactly halfway between the larger cities of St. Louis and Springfield. Today, Interstate 44, U. S. Route 63, Rolla is located at 37°56′56″N 91°45′47″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.85 square miles. Running through the city is the line that separates the vast Missouri watershed from the substantially smaller Meremec watershed. Rolla has a mix of a subtropical and humid continental climate. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,559 people,7,574 households, the population density was 1,653.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,339 housing units at a density of 704.9 per square mile
Rolla, Missouri
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The old Phelps County Courthouse
Rolla, Missouri
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Location of Rolla within County and State
Rolla, Missouri
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Phelps County Jail
9.
Greer Spring
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Greer Spring is a first magnitude spring located in the southeast portion of the Ozark Plateau, in Oregon County in south-central Missouri within the boundaries of the Mark Twain National Forest. The spring is the second largest spring in the Ozarks, with a discharge of 360 cubic feet of water per second. Greer Spring was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980, the spring emerges at the bottom of a narrow chasm. An upper outlet flowing from a cavern is only a fraction of Greer Springs large flow, about 100 feet downstream the main outlet boils to the surface in a mixture of deep, aqua-blue water, moss covered rocks, and frothy whitewater. The newly formed surface stream then races down a small, steep, Greer Spring greatly increases the flow of the river, ensuring ample water for recreational activities, such as boating, even in the dry months. The vast amount of spring water changes the Eleven Point River into a stream for several miles downstream. The springs cold water also creates ideal conditions for trout, the mouth of the spring branch is roughly 0.5 miles upstream of the Missouri Route 19 bridge over the Eleven Point River. Greer Spring may be the most secluded and undisturbed big spring in the Ozarks, the spring has been owned by the U. S. National Forest Service since 1993. Before 1993 the spring was in the hands of private ownership. The area surrounding the spring has been retaken by nature, but had a fish hatchery and roads many years ago. The United States National Forest Service maintains a trail to the spring, a parking area on the side of Highway 19 provides parking for the trail. Visitors to the spring are common despite a mile-long hike, the first gristmill on the spring branch was built by Captain Samuel Greer in 1859. The spring was named after the Confederate captain. The mill was destroyed during the American Civil War, however the mill was rebuilt. Sometime after 1883, the old mill was removed to make way for a new roller mill completed sometime before 1899, the mill changed ownership until 1922, when it ceased operation. Very few remains of mill operations exist today near the spring, the mill itself is still standing near the top of east side of the gorge, despite very little attention. As of 2016, work is underway with help from the U. S. Forest Service. Difficult access, private ownership, and a remote location have all aided in protecting this karst location
Greer Spring
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Greer Spring (Big Ozark Spring)
Greer Spring
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Greer Spring main outlet. Pictured here discharging 401 cu ft/s (11.4 m 3 /s).
Greer Spring
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Greer Spring branch roaring toward the Eleven Point River.
10.
Boston Mountains
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The Boston Mountains range is a high and deeply dissected plateau located in northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. The Oklahoma portion of the range is referred to as the Cookson Hills. The range covers an area of 5,770 square miles, the rocks of the region are essentially little disturbed, flat-lying sedimentary layers of the Paleozoic age. The highest ridges and peaks are capped by Pennsylvanian sandstone and shale, the deeply eroded valleys are cut into Mississippian limestones and below that layer Ordovician dolomites. Summits can reach elevations of just over 2,560 feet with valleys 500 feet to 1,550 feet deep, Turner Ward Knob is the highest named peak. Located in western Newton County, Arkansas, its elevation is 2,463 feet, nearby, five unnamed peaks have elevations at or slightly above 2,560 feet. Two of these highest peaks are located 2.2 miles west of Turner Ward Knob, the other three highest peaks are located 4–5 miles southsouthwest of Turner Ward Knob along Arkansas Highway 16. The Boston Mountains are the source of rivers and streams flow out from the mountains in all directions. Within a 3 miles radius of a point just west of the summits discussed above are located the sources of the White River, the Buffalo River, the Kings River, War Eagle Creek, and Little Mulberry Creek. To the south, the Arkansas River valley separates the Boston Mountains from the Ouachita Mountains, in Oklahoma, the Boston Mountains are found in these counties, Adair, Cherokee, Muskogee, Sequoyah, and Wagoner. The Boston Mountains are a section of the larger Ozark Plateaus province. The area is underlain by Pennsylvanian sandstone, shale, and siltstone, the sandstone beds become thinner, but more shaly in the west as the mountains decline in elevation. Cookson Hills Sams Throne Boston Mountain MLRA description, encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Boston Mountains U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Boston Mountains
Boston Mountains
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Buffalo River from river trail overlook near Steel Creek in the Boston Mountains
Boston Mountains
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Location of the Boston Mountains
Boston Mountains
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Elevation map of the Boston Mountains
11.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
Arkansas
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View from the
Ozark Highlands Scenic Byway in
Boxley Valley
Arkansas
Arkansas
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The Ozarks: bend in the Buffalo River from an overlook on the Buffalo River Trail near Steel Creek
Arkansas
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The flat terrain and rich soils of the Arkansas Delta near
Arkansas City are in stark contrast to the northwestern part of the state.
12.
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
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The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States. It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas, over 350 miles of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least 500 miles. When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the hiking distance from end to end will be at least 700 miles. The trail is composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections. The sections vary in length from 8 to 40 miles, the longest continuous stretch available for hiking in as of 2008 is 225 miles, from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River. The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the length of the trail when completed remains undetermined. Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public, horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas. The Ozark Trail had its beginnings in the 1970s when a group of public land managers, land owners, a comprehensive state outdoor recreation plan prepared by the state of Missouri in 1975 showed a need for an addition of 500 to 900 miles of hiking trails. A first meeting in 1976 at Meramec State Park lead to the first draft of the proposal in February 1977. Plus several environmental groups and a landowner with significant holdings. The land manager for each parcel held by these constituents is responsible for the trail within its holdings, in 2008, the mileage stands at over 350 miles. As the route over contiguous public lands is completed further progress will likely be slowed by the process of acquiring private land. Volunteers formed the Ozark Trail Association in 2002 to work with the Ozark Trail Council to develop, the Ozark Trail Association and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources mapped out a new route to replace the damaged section, which was completed in mid-2009. Within months several sections were repaired and reopened through the work of volunteer and paid forest service crews. All access was restored, though as of May,2013
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
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Completed sections of the Ozark Trail
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
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The green and white
blaze for the Ozark Trail
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
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The trail passes through the Devil's Tollgate formation below Taum Sauk Mountain.
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
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Backpacking the Taum Sauk section on Goggins Mountain
13.
Logging
–
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. In forestry, the logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest. However, in usage, the term may be used to indicate a range of forestry or silviculture activities. Illegal logging refers to what in forestry might be called timber theft by the timber mafia and it can also refer to the harvesting, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws. Clearcut logging is not necessarily considered a type of logging but a harvesting or silviculture method, in the forest products industry logging companies may be referred to as logging contractors, with the smaller, non-union crews referred to as gyppo loggers. Cutting trees with the highest value and leaving those with lower value and it is sometimes called selective logging, and confused with selection cutting, the practice of managing stands by harvesting a proportion of trees. Logging usually refers to above-ground forestry logging, submerged forests exist on land that has been flooded by damming to create reservoirs. Such trees are logged using underwater logging or by the lowering of the reservoirs in question, ootsa Lake and Williston Lake in British Columbia, Canada are notable examples where timber recovery has been needed to remove inundated forests. Clearcutting, or clearfelling, is a method of harvesting that removes all the standing trees in a selected area. Silviculture objectives for clearcutting, and a focus on forestry distinguish it from deforestation, other methods include shelterwood cutting, group selective, single selective, seed-tree cutting, patch cut, and retention cutting. The above operations can be carried out by different methods, of which the three are considered industrial methods, Trees are felled and then delimbed and topped at the stump. The log is then transported to the landing, where it is bucked and loaded on a truck and this leaves the slash in the cut area, where it must be further treated if wild land fires are of concern. This ability is due to the advancement in the style felling head that can be used, the trees are then delimbed, topped, and bucked at the landing. This method requires that slash be treated at the landing, in areas with access to cogeneration facilities, the slash can be chipped and used for the production of electricity or heat. Full-tree harvesting also refers to utilization of the tree including branches. Cut-to-length logging is the process of felling, delimbing, bucking, harvesters fell the tree, delimb, and buck it, and place the resulting logs in bunks to be brought to the landing by a skidder or forwarder. This method is available for trees up to 900 mm in diameter. Harvesters are employed effectively in level to steep terrain
Logging
–
A mountain ash (
Eucalyptus regnans) being felled using springboards, c. 1884–1917, Australia
Logging
–
McGiffert Log Loader in
East Texas, USA circa 1907
Logging
–
Log transportation
Logging
–
The
Washington Iron Works Skidder in Nuniong is the only one of its kind in Australia, with donkey engine, spars and cables still rigged for work.
14.
Civilian Conservation Corps
–
The Civilian Conservation Corps was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was expanded to young men ages 17–28. Robert Fechner was the head of the agency, the CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men, and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States. At the same time, it implemented a general natural resource conservation program in every state, maximum enrollment at any one time was 300,000. Over the course of its nine years in operation,3 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them shelter, clothing. The American public made the CCC the most popular of all the New Deal programs, principal benefits of an individuals enrollment in the CCC included improved physical condition, heightened morale, and increased employability. The CCC operated separate programs for veterans and Native Americans, approximately 15,000 Native Americans participated in the program, helping them weather the Great Depression. Despite its popular support, the CCC was never a permanent agency and it depended on emergency and temporary Congressional legislation and funding to operate. By 1942, with World War II and the draft in operation, the need for work relief declined, as governor of New York, Roosevelt had run a similar program on a much smaller scale. He promised this law would provide 250,000 young men with meals, housing, uniforms, the Emergency Conservation Work Act was introduced to Congress the same day and enacted by voice vote on March 31. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6101 on April 5,1933 which established the CCC organization and appointed a director, Robert Fechner, the organization and administration of the CCC was a new experiment in operations for a federal government agency. A CCC Advisory Council was composed of a representative each of the supervising departments. In addition, the Office of Education and Veterans Administration participated in the program, to end the opposition from labor unions Roosevelt chose Robert Fechner, vice president of the American Machinists Union, as director of the corps. William Green, head of the American Federation of Labor, was taken to the first camp to demonstrate that there would be no job training involved beyond simple manual labor. Reserve officers from the U. S. Army were in charge of the camps, General Douglas MacArthur was placed in charge of the program but said that the number of Army officers and soldiers assigned to the camps was affecting the readiness of the Regular Army. But the Army also found benefits in the program. When the draft began in 1940, the policy was to make CCC alumni corporals, CCC also provided command experience to Organized Reserve Corps officers. Through the CCC, the Regular Army could assess the performance of both Regular and Reserve Officers
Civilian Conservation Corps
–
Poster by Albert M. Bender,
Illinois WPA Art Project Chicago (1935)
Civilian Conservation Corps
–
CCC workers constructing a road, 1933.
Civilian Conservation Corps
–
CCC camps in
Michigan; the tents were soon replaced by barracks built by Army contractors for the enrollees.
Civilian Conservation Corps
–
A CCC map of the planned route of a parkway in Texas, drafted in 1934. The Corps worked in numerous parks throughout the state during the early 1930s, constructing everything from benches to highways.
15.
Acre
–
The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is defined as the area of 1 chain by 1 furlong, lucia, St. Helena, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Turks and Caicos, the United Kingdom, the United States and the US Virgin Islands. The international symbol of the acre is ac, the most commonly used acre today is the international acre. In the United States both the international acre and the US survey acre are in use, but differ by two parts per million, see below. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land, one international acre is defined as exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. An acre was defined in the Middle Ages, being the amount of land that could be ploughed in one day with a yoke of oxen. One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles,4,840 square yards,43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres. While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are definitions of a yard. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, as a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape, any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre. In the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 the United States, consequently, the international acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. The US survey acre is about 4,046.872609874252 square metres, its value is based on an inch defined by 1 metre =39.37 inches exactly. Surveyors in the United States use both international and survey feet, and consequently, both varieties of acre. Since the difference between the US survey acre and international acre is only about a quarter of the size of an A4 sheet of paper, areas are seldom measured with sufficient accuracy for the different definitions to be detectable. In India, residential plots are measured in cents or decimal, in Sri Lanka the division of an acre into 160 perches or 4 roods is common. To be more exact, one acre is 90.75 percent of a 100 yards long by 53.33 yards wide American football field, the full field, including the end zones, covers approximately 1.32 acres. For residents of countries, the acre might be envisaged as approximately half of a 105 metres long by 68 metres wide association football pitch. It may also be remembered as 44,000 square feet, in English it was historically spelled aker. The acre was approximately the amount of land tillable by a yoke of oxen in one day and this explains one definition as the area of a rectangle with sides of length one chain and one furlong
Acre
–
Comparison of 1 Acre with some Imperial and metric units of area
16.
Acres
–
The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is defined as the area of 1 chain by 1 furlong, lucia, St. Helena, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Turks and Caicos, the United Kingdom, the United States and the US Virgin Islands. The international symbol of the acre is ac, the most commonly used acre today is the international acre. In the United States both the international acre and the US survey acre are in use, but differ by two parts per million, see below. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land, one international acre is defined as exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. An acre was defined in the Middle Ages, being the amount of land that could be ploughed in one day with a yoke of oxen. One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles,4,840 square yards,43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres. While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are definitions of a yard. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, as a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape, any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre. In the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 the United States, consequently, the international acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. The US survey acre is about 4,046.872609874252 square metres, its value is based on an inch defined by 1 metre =39.37 inches exactly. Surveyors in the United States use both international and survey feet, and consequently, both varieties of acre. Since the difference between the US survey acre and international acre is only about a quarter of the size of an A4 sheet of paper, areas are seldom measured with sufficient accuracy for the different definitions to be detectable. In India, residential plots are measured in cents or decimal, in Sri Lanka the division of an acre into 160 perches or 4 roods is common. To be more exact, one acre is 90.75 percent of a 100 yards long by 53.33 yards wide American football field, the full field, including the end zones, covers approximately 1.32 acres. For residents of countries, the acre might be envisaged as approximately half of a 105 metres long by 68 metres wide association football pitch. It may also be remembered as 44,000 square feet, in English it was historically spelled aker. The acre was approximately the amount of land tillable by a yoke of oxen in one day and this explains one definition as the area of a rectangle with sides of length one chain and one furlong
Acres
–
Comparison of 1 Acre with some Imperial and metric units of area
17.
Hectare
–
The hectare is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to 100 ares and primarily used in the measurement of land as a metric replacement for the imperial acre. An acre is about 0.405 hectare and one hectare contains about 2.47 acres, in 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1⁄100 km2. When the metric system was further rationalised in 1960, resulting in the International System of Units, the are was not included as a recognised unit. The hectare, however, remains as a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI units, the metric system of measurement was first given a legal basis in 1795 by the French Revolutionary government. At the first meeting of the CGPM in 1889 when a new standard metre, manufactured by Johnson Matthey & Co of London was adopted, in 1960, when the metric system was updated as the International System of Units, the are did not receive international recognition. The units that were catalogued replicated the recommendations of the CGPM, many farmers, especially older ones, still use the acre for everyday calculations, and convert to hectares only for official paperwork. Farm fields can have long histories which are resistant to change, with names such as the six acre field stretching back hundreds of years. The names centiare, deciare, decare and hectare are derived by adding the standard metric prefixes to the base unit of area. The centiare is a synonym for one square metre, the deciare is ten square metres. The are is a unit of area, equal to 100 square metres and it was defined by older forms of the metric system, but is now outside of the modern International System of Units. It is commonly used to measure real estate, in particular in Indonesia, India, and in French-, Portuguese-, Slovakian-, Serbian-, Czech-, Polish-, Dutch-, in Russia and other former Soviet Union states, the are is called sotka. It is used to describe the size of suburban dacha or allotment garden plots or small city parks where the hectare would be too large, the decare is derived from deka, the prefix for 10 and are, and is equal to 10 ares or 1000 square metres. It is used in Norway and in the former Ottoman areas of the Middle East, the hectare, although not strictly a unit of SI, is the only named unit of area that is accepted for use within the SI. The United Kingdom, United States, Burma, and to some extent Canada instead use the acre, others, such as South Africa, published conversion factors which were to be used particularly when preparing consolidation diagrams by compilation. In many countries, metrication redefined or clarified existing measures in terms of metric units, non-SI units accepted for use with the International System of Units
Hectare
–
Trafalgar Square has an area of about one hectare.
Hectare
–
Definition of a hectare and of an are.
Hectare
–
Waikato Stadium – Hamilton, New Zealand
Hectare
–
The Statue of Liberty –
New York Harbor
18.
Oregon County, Missouri
–
Oregon County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,881, the county was officially organized on February 14,1845, and was named for the Oregon Territory in the northwestern United States. Home to an area of the Mark Twain National Forest. It also contains the Irish Wilderness, the largest federally protected area in the state. Hiking, backpacking, and horseback riding opportunities abound on the Ozark Trail, canoeing, kayaking, jonboating, and fishing are popular on the Eleven Point River, which is Missouris only National Wild and Scenic River. Eleven Point State Park is a Missouri state park under development east of Alton, grand Gulf State Park is a Missouri state park just west of Thayer that includes a collapsed karst canyon. Oregon County was created in 1845, at a time when the Oregon boundary dispute was a major issue, during the American Civil War, men from Oregon County enlisted to fight for the Confederate States of America on three separate occasions. In July 1861, the Second Infantry Regiment of McBrides Seventh Division, Oregon County men made up Companies A, D, F, and G. On August 10,1861 they fought at the Battle of Wilsons Creek near Springfield and were victorious, in early 1862 the Missouri State Guard was disbanded and regular Confederate Army units were formed. During February and March 1862, Oregon County men were mustered into companies D and I of the Fourth Missouri Infantry Regiment, the Fourth Missouri was sent to Mississippi, where they took part in the Battle of Corinth on October 3–4,1862. The Oregon County men suffered losses to both disease and battle casualties, and surrendered with 30,000 other Confederates after the Siege of Vicksburg ended on July 4,1863. In the late winter and spring of 1864, Major Matthew G. Norman began organizing a regiment of cavalry and they would join with men from northern Arkansas men led by Lt. Colonel James H. Tracy to form Fristoes Regiment, Missouri Cavalry. Colonel Edward T. Fristoe, a native of Rappahannock, Virginia, other units Oregon County men enlisted in were Freemans Regiment, Missouri Cavalry, and the Fifteenth Missouri Cavalry Regiment from neighboring Ripley County. Only a few Oregon County men joined the Union Army, Oregon County suffered greatly during the war from raids by Union troops, as well as from atrocities committed by bushwhackers supporting neither side. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 792 square miles. Arkansas is located to the south of Oregon County, the population density was 13 people per square mile. There were 4,997 housing units at a density of 6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 61% White,0. 10% Black or African American,2. 88% Native American,0. 14% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 08% from other races, and 2. 19% from two or more races
Oregon County, Missouri
–
Oregon County Courthouse in Alton
Oregon County, Missouri
–
Location in the state of
Missouri
19.
Ripley County, Missouri
–
Ripley County is a county located in the Ozarks in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,100, the largest city and county seat is Doniphan. The county was organized on January 5,1833, and is named after Brigadier General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley. The original area included what would later become Oregon, Howell, Shannon, the historic Natchitoches Trail passes through Ripley County. It was a Native American trail to the Southwest that was used by pioneers including Stephen F. Austin, during the American Civil War, Ripley county was strongly pro-Southern and provided four colonels for the Confederate Army. Several Civil War skirmishes took place in the county, todays tourist areas include Current River and the Mark Twain National Forest. Located deep in the rugged, wooded hills of Southern Missouri, although organized in 1833, the county did not assume its present size until 1872. When Congress created the Territory of Missouri in 1812, what became Ripley County was in New Madrid County, three years later, Lawrence County was established, which included all of southern Missouri west of the St. Francis River and a portion of northern Arkansas. The seat of justice for Lawrence County was at Davidsonville in present-day Arkansas, in 1818 Wayne County was formed. This massive county included nearly one-fifth of the area in the Missouri Territory, in 1833 the General Assembly created Ripley County from part of Wayne County. The county then included present-day Ripley, Carter, Shannon, Oregon, over the next 26 years, Ripley County’s boundaries decreased as new counties were formed, Shannon, Oregon, which included today’s Oregon and Howell Counties, and Carter. The last boundary change took place in 1872, since most of the population lived in the south, voters moved the county seat to the new Doniphan, where a wooden courthouse was built. This building served the county until it was burned by Union troops, along with almost entire town of Doniphan, William Russell, a county official, had earlier removed the countys record books and hid them in a cave south of town. They remained there until they were retrieved by the county two years after the war. Because of the chaos and destruction brought about by the Civil War, a two-story brick courthouse was then built, using the $10,000 bond passed by the voters. It housed the administrative offices until it was destroyed by a fire in January 1898. Ripley Countys current courthouse was designed by William F. Schrage of Kansas City, a central tower, later destroyed during a 1929 tornado, dominated the two-story brick structure. Federal relief workers made repairs and renovations of the courthouse during the 1930s, an extensive remodeling project in the 1970s added central heating
Ripley County, Missouri
–
Ripley County Courthouse in Doniphan
20.
Iron County, Missouri
–
Iron County is a county located in the Lead Belt region in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,630, the largest city and county seat is Ironton. Iron County was officially organized on February 17,1857, and was named after the abundance of ore found within its borders. Iron County includes the 6-mile -long, 2-mile -wide Arcadia Valley, the site of Pilot Knob, Ironton, the valley is surrounded by the Saint Francois Mountains of the Ozarks Plateau. Iron County is also home to dozens of mountains, including the 1, 772-foot Taum Sauk Mountain, the highest point in Missouri. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 552 square miles. There were 4,907 housing units at a density of 3/km². The racial makeup of the county was 96. 74% White,1. 56% Black or African American,0. 34% Native American,0. 09% Asian,0. 22% from other races, and 1. 05% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 58% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was out with 25. 00% under the age of 18,7. 80% from 18 to 24,25. 30% from 25 to 44,24. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,276, and the median income for a family was $38,037. Males had an income of $28,603 versus $16,615 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,717, about 13. 80% of families and 19. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27. 60% of those under age 18 and 13. 20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, the most predominant denominations among residents in Iron County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The Democratic Party mostly controls politics at the level in Iron County. Democrats hold 11 of the 14 positions in the county, in the Missouri House of Representatives, all of Iron County is a part of Missouri’s 144th District and is currently represented by Republican Paul Fitzwater of Potosi
Iron County, Missouri
–
County courthouse in Ironton
21.
Carter County, Missouri
–
Carter County is a county in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,265, the county seat is Van Buren. The county was organized on March 10,1859, and is named after Zimri A. Carter. Carter County is located in the Ozarks region of southeast Missouri, when the Missouri legislature created Carter County on March 10,1859, it named the county after Zimri A. Carter. Zimri A. Carter, the man for whom Carter County was named, was born in South Carolina, in 1807, at the age of 13, he came to Missouri with his parents. The Carter family initially settled in what is now Warren County, shortly after his arrival in Missouri Zimri Carter joined up with a party of traders traveling the Missouri and Mississippi rivers in flat boats, and was away for a number of years. When Zimri Carter returned from his ventures he joined his father in farming their new homestead. The Carters were soon followed by families, the Chilton, Kenard, Snider and Kelly families. Carter County was created from portions of Ripley, Shannon and Wayne counties, on the first Monday of April 1859, three men met at the home of James Brown to select a seat for the newly created Carter County. They selected Van Buren which, until 1847, had been the county seat of Ripley County, at the time of its creation, Carter County was attached to Ripley County for the purpose of representation in the General Assembly. The old log-cabin courthouse, which had erected in Van Buren in 1853. William Lawson was the first person elected to the Missouri legislature from Carter County in 1864 and served until 1870, initially Carter County had only one voting precinct, and all voting was done at the county courthouse in Van Buren. By 1895, at the height of the boom, Carter County had as many as ten precincts. The 1860 U. S. Census showed the newly created Carter County with a population of 1,197 free persons and 20 slaves held by eight slave owners, the 1920 U. S. Census showed a peak population for Carter County of 7,482. The population then declined until it reached a low of 3,878 in the 1970 U. S. Census, the population has since risen steadily. As of the 2010 U. S. Census, the population was 6,265. The U. S. Civil War began about two years after Carter County was established, at the time most of the people in Carter County were southern sympathizers and supporters of the Confederate States of America. On August 12,1862, the 24th Missouri Infantry under the command of Colonel Boyd surprised six rebel soldiers near Van Buren, in the ensuing skirmish two of the rebel soldiers were killed and another three captured
Carter County, Missouri
–
Carter County courthouse in Van Buren
22.
Reynolds County, Missouri
–
Reynolds County is a county located in the Ozark Foothills Region in the Lead Belt of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,696, the county was officially organized on February 25,1845, and was named in honor of former Governor of Missouri Thomas Reynolds. The county is home to Johnsons Shut-Ins State Park, a popular tourist attraction in the state of Missouri, Reynolds County was officially organized on February 25,1845. It is still an area of rugged beauty near the center of the Ozark Highland. Reynolds County was formerly part of Ripley County which was formed in 1831 and it was also previously part of Washington County and part of Ste. The Reynolds County Courthouse has burned twice, the first time was in December 1863 when the Confederate army burned it. A new courthouse was built in the fall of 1867 on the foundation as the previous one. This courthouse was burned in late November 1871, both times all records were destroyed. Temporary quarters again burned May 27,1872, while a new courthouse was being built. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 814 square miles. The population density was 8 people per square mile, there were 3,759 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 95. 65% White,0. 52% Black or African American,1. 29% Native American,0. 19% Asian,0. 21% from other races, and 2. 14% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Reynolds County were 37. 6% American,12. 1% Irish,11. 6% German, and 11. 4% English. 26. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.85. In the county, the population was out with 24. 00% under the age of 18,6. 80% from 18 to 24,25. 00% from 25 to 44,27. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 101.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,546, and the median income for a family was $37,891. Males had an income of $26,753 versus $18,322 for females
Reynolds County, Missouri
–
The antebellum county courthouse in Centerville
23.
Wayne County, Missouri
–
Wayne County is a county located in the Ozark foothills in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,521, the county was officially organized on December 11,1818, and is named after General Mad Anthony Wayne who served in the American Revolutionary War. Wayne County was created in December 1818 by the last Missouri Territorial Legislature from portions of Cape Girardeau, Wayne County thus actually predates statehood. In March 1819, Congress established the Territory of Arkansas, and most of Lawrence County became Lawrence County, the small strip that had been excluded was added to Wayne County by the Missouri State Constitution of 1820. The Osage Strip on the Kansas border was added in 1825, between 1825 and 1831, Wayne County was actually larger than the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Delaware combined. All or part of 32 present Missouri counties once belonged to Wayne County, despite its size, the Census of 1820 revealed that Wayne County had a total population of just 1,239 white inhabitants and 204 African American slaves. When Wayne County was formed in 1818, the legislature appointed five commissioners to govern it. They chose a settlement called Cedar Cabin on the St. Francis River to be the county seat. Renamed Greenville, it had grown to about 1,000 by the turn of the 20th century, by 1940, however, the population had declined to 572. In 1941, the inhabitants were forced to relocated because of the construction of Lake Wappapello. This new towns population had fallen to 270 in 1950, but has now increased to about 450, the Wayne County Courthouse was destroyed by a fire in 1854. In 1866, the records in new courthouse were stolen, thus few county records survive from that time. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 774 square miles. The population density was 17 people per square mile, there were 7,496 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 68% White,0. 17% Black or African American,0. 58% Native American,0. 11% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 08% from other races, and 1. 36% from two or more races. 0. 49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The most common first ancestries reported in Wayne County were 32. 9% American,15. 0% German,11. 9% English,11. 7% Irish,3. 0% French,2. 0% Dutch and 2. 0% Italian. 27. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.84
Wayne County, Missouri
–
Wayne County Courthouse in Greenville
Wayne County, Missouri
–
Location in the state of
Missouri
24.
Shannon County, Missouri
–
Shannon County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,441, the county was officially organized on January 29,1841, and was named in honor of George F. Peg-Leg Shannon, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It is the second-largest county by area in Missouri, Missouris first copper mine was opened in Shannon County in 1846 and Missouris only manganese mine was opened here during World War II. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,004 square miles. Dent County Reynolds County Carter County Oregon County Howell County Texas County U. S, there were 3,862 housing units at an average density of 1/km². The racial makeup of the county was 95. 05% White,0. 17% Black or African American,1. 83% Native American,0. 05% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 19% from other races, and 2. 69% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Shannon County were 38. 3% American,13. 4% Irish,11. 8% German, and 9. 7% English. 25. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was out with 26. 40% under the age of 18,7. 20% from 18 to 24,26. 10% from 25 to 44,25. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 95.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $24,835, and the median income for a family was $30,102. Males had an income of $21,917 versus $16,024 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,127, about 21. 00% of families and 26. 90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35. 10% of those under age 18 and 20. 20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, the most predominant denominations among residents in Shannon County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists, Methodists, and Christian Churches & Churches of Christ. The Democratic Party predominantly controls politics at the level in Shannon County. Democrats hold all but five of the positions in the county. In the Missouri House of Representatives, all of Shannon County is a part of Missouri’s 143rd District and is represented by Jeff Pogue. Pogue was elected to his first term in the redrawn district in 2012
Shannon County, Missouri
–
Shannon County courthouse in Eminence
25.
Washington County, Missouri
–
Washington County is a county located in the eastern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,195, the largest city and county seat is Potosi. The county was organized on August 21,1813, and was named in honor of George Washington. The French explorers Renault and La Motte entered the area of present-day Potosi in 1722-23, however, no permanent settlements were made until 1763, when François Breton settled near Potosi and began to operate a mine bearing his name. The Bellview Valley, near Caledonia and Belgrade, was settled in 1802 by the families of Annanias McCoy, Benjamin Crow, Washington County was officially organized on August 21,1813, out of Ste. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 762 square miles. The population density was 31 people per square mile, there were 9,894 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 95. 47% White,2. 48% Black or African American,0. 66% Native American,0. 15% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 15% from other races, and 1. 08% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the family size was 3.05. In the county, the population was out with 26. 60% under the age of 18,9. 80% from 18 to 24,29. 20% from 25 to 44,22. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 106.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $32,001, and the median income for a family was $38,193. Males had an income of $27,871 versus $18,206 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,095, about 17. 10% of families and 20. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25. 40% of those under age 18 and 12. 90% of those age 65 or older. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, the most predominant denominations among residents in Washington County who adhere to a religion are Roman Catholics, Southern Baptists, and Baptist Missionary Association of America. The Democratic Party predominantly controls politics at the level in Washington County. Democrats hold all but five of the positions in the county
Washington County, Missouri
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Washington County Courthouse
26.
Dent County, Missouri
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Dent County is a county in Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,657, the largest city and county seat is Salem. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft was one of the earliest visitors to Dent County, which was then unmapped and unknown. In 1818, Schoolcraft and Levi Pettibone left Potosi, Missouri on an adventure that often left them hungry, lost, lonely and in danger. ”Today the river attracts tourists who launch canoes by the thousands during the summer to enjoy the water of the Current. Schoolcraft traveled to the area of todays Springfield, Missouri, then went east on White River and finally back to Potosi, the White River trail had long been used by Native Americans in Dent County. It later became one of the branches of the Trail of Tears, some stopped in Dent County and many old families take pride in their Cherokee heritage. The trace wound from Sligo southwest to the Ephraim Bressie Farm on Spring Creek north of Salem and it left the county about the present town of Maples. The first white settler was George Cole, who cleared a farm on the Meramec near Short Bend and it was later the site of the Nelson Mill. An abundance of waterpower and difficulty of transportation made mills important in the settling of the new land, some of the first settlers came in 1829, mostly to the Meramec, Spring Creek and Dry Fork valleys. Land could be purchased for five cents or less an acre, william Thornton, Daniel Troutman and Daniel W. John Hyer, Samuel Hyer and David Lenox. In 1851 the Missouri Assembly created Dent County from Crawford and Shannon counties and it was named for early settler Lewis Dent, who served as the first representative. G. D. Breckenridge, Samuel Hyer, Jr. joseph Millsap served as sheriff and David Henderson as clerk. They met at the Bressie Farm, the first mayor of Salem was appointed or elected just after the Missouri state legislature passed the laws relating to village government in 1860. Williams, often referred to as Rip from the positive and often violent expression of his feelings and he lived in Dent County a long time and was a prominent citizen throughout his long life. He became mayor in 1860, but how long he served is unknown, the American Civil War came about in 1861 and city governments were suspended. After Williams, records show that O. A, kenemore, a prominent farmer with a home in Salem, became mayor. E. T. Wingo, a lawyer and representative, was next, allen, who was also a lawyer but never practiced law. He did, however, serve as Deputy Circuit Clerk and Probate Judge, allen was succeeded by Samuel Sachs
Dent County, Missouri
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Dent County, Missouri
27.
Taney County, Missouri
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Taney County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 51,675, Taney County includes the popular tourist destination city of Branson. It is included in the Branson, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, with a wide range of live music shows, restaurants and shopping locations, Taney County is also the home of Table Rock, Taneycomo and Bull Shoals Lakes. The first Taney County Courthouse was built on the mouth of Bull Creek at the confluence of the White River by early pioneers in 1837 and its use as a courthouse ended after Forsyth became the county seat, it was destroyed in a tornado in 1963. The countys second courthouse, in Forsyth, was destroyed in a Civil War battle on July 22,1861, the rebuilt courthouse was destroyed by fire on December 19,1885. A third courthouse was built, it was removed in 1952 to permit the building of Bull Shoals Lake, the fourth, and present, courthouse was occupied on August 1,1952. In 1989, an addition was started and completed in 1991, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 652 square miles, of which 632 square miles is land and 19 square miles is water. The county is drained by White River and its affluents, there were 19,688 housing units at an average density of 12/km². The racial makeup of the county was 96. 22% White,0. 35% Black or African American,0. 87% Native American,0. 34% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,0. 74% from other races, and 1. 42% from two or more races. Approximately 2. 42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Taney County were 20. 8% German,18. 9% American,12. 4% Irish, and 12. 3% English. 25. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.83. In the county, the population was out with 22. 40% under the age of 18,10. 20% from 18 to 24,26. 20% from 25 to 44,25. 00% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 94.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $39,771, and the median income for a family was $47,664. Males had an income of $25,431 versus $19,655 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,663, about 9. 40% of families and 12. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17. 60% of those under age 18 and 8. 80% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, the most predominant denominations among residents in Taney County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Presbyterians. Of adults 25 years of age and older in Taney County,81. 4% possess a school diploma or higher while 14. 9% hold a bachelors degree or higher as their highest educational attainment
Taney County, Missouri
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Taney County Courthouse in Forsyth
Taney County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
Taney County, Missouri
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Seal
28.
Phelps County, Missouri
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Phelps County is a county located in the central portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,156, the largest city and county seat is Rolla. The county was organized on November 13,1857, and was named after U. S. Representative and Governor of Missouri John Smith Phelps, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, it included the mean center of U. S. population in 2000. Phelps County comprises the Rolla, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, much of the county is included within the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area. Vineyards and wineries were first established in the county by Italian immigrants in Rolla, since the 1960s, winemakers have revived and created numerous vineyards in Missouri and won national and international tasting awards. The first Phelps County Court convened on November 25,1857 in the John Dillon cabin, the new courthouse was dedicated on May 22,1994. The first settlers came to area in 1818 building along the riverbanks. In 1844 John Webber built the first house within the present city limits of Rolla, one year later, Lieutenant James Abert started the first railroad reconnaissance survey in Rolla. Abert was later to become the first professor of Civil Engineering at the Missouri School of Mines, the founder of Rolla, Edmund Ward Bishop, was originally a railroad construction contractor in New York. He came to part of the country in 1853 with the job of building the “Frisco Branch of the Southwest Railroad. ”Because of an urgent demand, Phelps County was created by legislative action on November 13,1857 from portions of Pulaski, Maries. A special commission was appointed to select the site for a county seat, Bishop then offered a tract of some 50 acres for the official town site, and it was accepted. There was disagreement over the site - the westerners wanted Rolla, and they contested the decision all the way through the Missouri Supreme Court. Before the high court could make a decision, however, the Legislature took action on January 14,1860, smarting under a considerable amount of criticism concerning the matter, all members of the county court resigned during April 1858, but later withdrew their resignations. It was finally settled in favor of Rolla, Rolla was officially surveyed, laid out and named in 1858. Bishop wanted to call it Phelps Center, since his house was the center of the county, John Webber preferred the name Hardscrabble for the obvious reasons. George Coppedge, another settler, and formerly of North Carolina. The others agreed with Coppedge on the condition that it shouldnt have that silly spelling, the county seat locating commission designated the area now known as Rolla to be the county seat
Phelps County, Missouri
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New Phelps County courthouse in Rolla
Phelps County, Missouri
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Old county courthouse listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
29.
Barry County, Missouri
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Barry County is a county located in the southwest portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 35,597, the county was organized in 1835 and named after William Taylor Barry, a U. S. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 791 square miles. Roaring River State Park is located in the part of the county. Lawrence County Stone County Carroll County, Arkansas Benton County, Arkansas McDonald County Newton County U. S, the population density was 44 people per square mile. There were 15,964 housing units at a density of 20 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 09% White,0. 11% Black or African American,0. 86% Native American,0. 27% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,3. 25% from other races, and 1. 38% from two or more races. Approximately 5. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 5% were of American,15. 5% German,11. 7% English and 10. 4% Irish ancestry. 24. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.98. In the county, the population was out with 26. 10% under the age of 18,7. 80% from 18 to 24,26. 10% from 25 to 44,23. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $28,906, and the median income for a family was $34,043. Males had an income of $25,381 versus $18,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,980, about 11. 80% of families and 16. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23. 50% of those under age 18 and 11. 90% of those age 65 or over. All of Barry County is a part of Missouri’s 29th District in the Missouri Senate and is represented by David Sater (R-Cassville. All of Barry County is included in Missouris 7th Congressional District and is represented by Billy Long in the U. S. House of Representatives. Voters in Barry County from both parties supported candidates who finished in second place in the state at large and nationally. Former Governor Mike Huckabee received more votes, a total of 2,396, than any candidate from either party in Barry County during the 2008 presidential primary
Barry County, Missouri
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Barry County Courthouse in Cassville
Barry County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
Barry County, Missouri
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William Taylor Barry
30.
Christian County, Missouri
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Christian County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 77,422, the county was organized in 1859 and is named after William Christian, a Kentucky soldier of the American Revolutionary War. Christian County is part of the Springfield, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area, between 2000 and 2010, it was the fastest growing county in Missouri and one of the fastest growing in the nation as the county became more suburban due to the booming growth in Springfield. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 564 square miles. The county is drained by James River and branches of the White River, the surface is undulating or hilly. The population density was 96 people per square mile, there were 21,827 housing units at an average density of 39 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 31% White,0. 27% Black or African American,0. 56% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 42% from other races, and 1. 13% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 7% were of American,21. 1% German,12. 3% English and 11. 3% Irish ancestry. 19. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was out with 27. 80% under the age of 18,8. 10% from 18 to 24,31. 70% from 25 to 44,21. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $50,200, and the median income for a family was $58,806. Males had an income of $31,929 versus $21,852 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,873, about 7. 10% of families and 9. 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 20% of those under age 18 and 7. 80% of those age 65 or over. The Republican Party controls politics at the level in Christian County. The Republicans hold all of the positions in the county. On May 20,2015, Sheriff Joey Kyle plead guilty to embezzling county funds and participating in an illegal fraud scheme. As a part of an agreement, he immediately resigned as sheriff, was sentenced to one year plus one day in federal prison
Christian County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
31.
Madison County, Missouri
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Madison County is a county located in the Lead Belt region of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,226 and its county seat and largest city is Fredericktown. The county was organized on December 14,1818, and was named after President James Madison. Mining has been a key industry in this area with Madison County recorded as having the oldest lead mine west of the Mississippi River. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 498 square miles. The population density was 24 people per square mile, there were 5,656 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 30% White,0. 13% Black or African American,0. 25% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 20% from other races, and 0. 83% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 56% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the family size was 2.93. In the county, the population was out with 24. 60% under the age of 18,7. 90% from 18 to 24,26. 30% from 25 to 44,23. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 92.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $30,421, and the median income for a family was $37,474. Males had an income of $27,670 versus $15,909 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,825, about 12. 80% of families and 17. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. 60% of those under age 18 and 16. 20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, of adults 25 years of age and older in Madison County,68. 6% possesses a high school diploma while 7. 8% holds a bachelors degree as their highest educational attainment. All of Madison County is a part of Missouri’s 156th District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Shelley Keeney. The 156th District includes all of Bollinger and Madison counties as well as most of Wayne County, all of Madison County is a part of Missouris 27th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by State Senator Jason Crowell. Crowell defeated Linda Sanders by almost a two-to-one margin,64. 24-35.76 percent in the district, the 27th Senatorial District includes all of BollingerCape Girardeau, Madison, Mississippi, Perry and Scott counties
Madison County, Missouri
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Madison County Courthouse at Fredericktown
32.
Howell County, Missouri
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Howell County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,400, the largest city and county seat is West Plains. The county was organized on March 2,1851, and is named after Josiah Howell. Howell County comprises the West Plains, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, Howell County was organized on March 2,1857, from Oregon County, and is named for Josiah Howell, who made the first settlement in Howell Valley. The first Circuit Court met in a log cabin one mile east of West Plains, a small, wooden courthouse was built on the square in West Plains in 1859. It was damaged during the Civil War in 1862, the county was reorganized three years later, but all of the county records were destroyed in an 1866 fire. A second courthouse was built in West Plains in 1869 and it was a small, three-room, frame building, about 24 by 30 feet. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 928 square miles. It is the third-largest county in Missouri by land area and fourth-largest by total area, the population density was 40 people per square mile. There were 16,340 housing units at a density of 18 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 41% White,0. 31% Black or African American,0. 97% Native American,0. 36% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 28% from other races, and 1. 63% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Howell County were 28. 3% American,16. 4% German,12. 2% Irish, and 12. 1% English. 25. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was out with 26. 0% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,26. 2% from 25 to 44,23. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,761, and the median income for a family was $38,047. Males had an income of $22,960 versus $16,968 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,184, about 14. 00% of families and 18. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26. 3% of those under age 18 and 14. 0% of those age 65 or over
Howell County, Missouri
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Howell County Courthouse in West Plains
Howell County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
33.
Crawford County, Missouri
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Crawford County is a county located in the U. S. state of Missouri. At the 2010 Census, the population was 24,696, the county was organized in 1829 and is named after U. S. Senator William H. Crawford of Georgia, the section of Sullivan which is located in Crawford County is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1990, the center of U. S. population was located in Crawford County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 744 square miles. The population density was 31 per square mile, there were 10,850 housing units at an average density of 15 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 26% White,0. 14% Black or African American,0. 43% Native American,0. 13% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 14% from other races, and 0. 82% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the family size was 3.00. 26. 30% of the population were under the age of 18,7. 90% from 18 to 24,26. 90% from 25 to 44,23. 10% from 45 to 64, the median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.60 males. The median household income was $37,554 and the family income was $45,059. Males had an income of $28,005 compared with $18,736 for females. The per capita income was $18,203, about 12. 70% of families and 16. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23. 30% of those under age 18 and 14. 10% of those age 65 or over. Republicans hold all elected positions in the county, except for the Associate Circuit Court Judge, in the Missouri House of Representatives, almost all of Crawford County is a part of Missouri’s 120th District and is represented by Jason Chipman, a Republican from Steelville, Missouri. In the Missouri Senate, all of Crawford County is a part of Missouri’s 16th District and is represented by Republican Dan W. Brown of Rolla, Crawford County is like most rural counties, socially conservative and vote in favor of the Republican Party. Bill Clinton was the last Democratic presidential nominee to win Crawford County in 1996, since then, voters in the county have substantially supported Republicans at the national level. In the 2008 Missouri Presidential Primary, voters in Crawford County from both parties supported candidates who finished in second place in the state at large and nationally
Crawford County, Missouri
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Crawford County Courthouse
Crawford County, Missouri
–
Location in the state of
Missouri
34.
Texas County, Missouri
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Texas County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,008, the county was organized in 1843 as Ashley County, changing its name in 1845 to Texas, after the Republic of Texas. The 2010 U. S. Census indicates that it is the center of population for the United States, Texas County was originally created in 1843 and named for William H. Ashley, the first lieutenant governor of Missouri. It was later organized on February 14,1845, when it was renamed for the Republic of Texas. A seat of justice for the county was laid out in 1846 near the center of the county on Brushy Creek, the historic Texas County Courthouse, built in 1932, was the countys sixth and now serves as the county administrative center. It was remodeled in 1977 and again in 2007, a new justice center was completed in 2008. Rugged hills, springs, creeks, rivers and caves abound in Texas County, there have been many Native American mounds found in the county. Their paintings remain upon various bluffs over ancient campsites, the area was part of the 1808 Osage Native American land cession. Pioneers came to Texas County in the 1820s from Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, pioneers made a nice income rafting the timber down the Piney River toward St. Louis. Some 48,000 acres in the north and northwest part of the county is now part of the Mark Twain National Forest, several acres in the southeast part of the county are part of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways Park. Small family farms are still a part of the landscape of the county. The population of the first Federal Census of Texas County in 1850 was 2,312 citizens, the American Civil War period was a time of turmoil in Texas County. The courthouse was occupied during the war by the Union Army as headquarters, Houston was an important point on the route from federal headquarters in Springfield to headquarters in Rolla. Confederate soldiers stormed the town, burning every building, on February 26,2015, a gunman shot and killed seven people in several locations across the town of Tyrone. The suspect was found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. It was the worst mass murder in Texas Countys history, prior to the mass shooting, the county had an average of one homicide per year. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,179 square miles. It is the largest county in Missouri by area, the population density was 21 people per square mile
Texas County, Missouri
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Texas County Administrative Center
Texas County, Missouri
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The new Texas County Justice Center was completed in 2008.
35.
Butler County, Missouri
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Butler County is a county located in the southeast Ozark Foothills Region in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 42,794. The largest city and county seat is Poplar Bluff, the county was officially organized from Wayne County on February 27,1849, and is named after former U. S. Representative William O. Butler, who was also a candidate for Vice President of the United States. The first meeting in the Butler County Courthouse was held on June 18,1849, Butler County comprises the Poplar Bluff, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 699 square miles. The population density was 59 people per square mile, there were 18,707 housing units at an average density of 27 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92. 16% White,5. 22% Black or African American,0. 56% Native American,0. 44% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 26% from other races, and 1. 36% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Butler County were 31. 7% American,13. 8% German,11. 6% Irish and 10. 5% English. 28. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91. In the county, the population was out with 24. 20% under the age of 18,8. 40% from 18 to 24,26. 60% from 25 to 44,24. 10% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 92.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,422, and the median income for a family was $42,713. Males had an income of $27,449 versus $19,374 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,282, about 14. 00% of families and 18. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25. 90% of those under age 18 and 16. 90% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, sears Youth Center - Poplar Bluff Three Rivers College - Poplar Bluff - A public, two-year community college. The Republican Party completely controls all politics at the level in Butler County. All of Butler County is included in Missouris 25th Senatorial District and is represented by Republican Doug Libla in the Missouri Senate, Butler County is represented in the U. S. Senate by U. S
Butler County, Missouri
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Butler County Courthouse, October 2014
Butler County, Missouri
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Rodgers Theatre in
Poplar Bluff in
Missouri (
Art Deco opened on June 1, 1949).
36.
Douglas County, Missouri
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Douglas County is a county located in the south-central portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,684, the county seat and only incorporated community is Ava. The county was organized on October 19,1857, and is named after U. S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas and later Democratic presidential candidate, previously, the county seat was located at Arno, west of Ava. Prior to that, Vera Cruz was the county seat, Vera Cruz is located on Bryant Creek, which flows through the middle of the county. The Civil War Battle of Clarks Mill took place near Vera Cruz on November 7,1862 and resulted in a Confederate victory. After the American Civil War, during a period of general chaos, later in 1871, a new town site was selected, present-day Ava, near the location of the former U. S. Civil War military Post Office, Militia Spring. The location of new town seemed to satisfy most of the residents of Douglas County to be their point of county government. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 815 square miles. The population density was 16 people per square mile, there were 5,919 housing units at an average density of 7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 86% White,0. 11% Black or African American,0. 95% Native American,0. 21% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 17% from other races, and 1. 69% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Douglas County are 31. 3% American,13. 2% English,12. 3% German, and 9. 7% Irish. 26. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was out with 25. 80% under the age of 18,7. 00% from 18 to 24,24. 50% from 25 to 44,25. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,335, and the median income for a family was $36,648. Males had an income of $22,706 versus $17,060 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,710, about 12. 90% of families and 17. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 80% of those under age 18 and 18. 20% of those age 65 or over
Douglas County, Missouri
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Douglas County courthouse in Ava
Douglas County, Missouri
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Ava High School in Ava, Missouri
37.
Pulaski County, Missouri
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Pulaski County is a county located in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,274, the county was organized in 1833 and named for Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish patriot who died fighting in the American Revolution. Pulaski County is the site of Fort Leonard Wood, a U. S. Army installation base and it comprises the Fort Leonard Wood, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. Pulaski Countys earliest settlers were the Quapaw, Missouria and Osage Native Americans, like the county, Waynesville is also named after an American Revolutionary hero, Mad Anthony Wayne. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 551 square miles. The population density was 75 people per square mile, there were 15,408 housing units at an average density of 28 per square mile. Approximately 5. 84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the family size was 3.13. In the county, the population was out with 27. 50% under the age of 18,16. 60% from 18 to 24,32. 00% from 25 to 44,15. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 28 years, for every 100 females there were 112.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,247, and the median income for a family was $37,786. Males had an income of $26,553 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,586, about 8. 00% of families and 10. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 40% of those under age 18 and 12. 30% of those age 65 or over. Names for U. S. Route 66 vary - at different places, its called Teardrop Road, Highway Z, Old Route 66, Historic Route 66, state-posted signs mark most of the alignment of the road. Highway 7 runs north from Interstate 44 exit 150 about three miles west of Buckhorn to Richland, then out of the county toward the Lake of the Ozarks region. Highway 17 crosses Interstate 44 at exit 153 at Buckhorn, runs east through Waynesville, turns north to Crocker, Missouri T runs north from Highway 17 at Waynesville to Swedeborg, where it meets and ends at Highway 133 about halfway between Richland and Crocker. Highway 28 crosses Interstate 44 at exit 163 at the edge of St. Robert, runs north through Dixon. It was used as a Civil War hospital for Union troops who were garrisoned above the city in Fort Wayne, the Old Courthouse Museum in downtown Waynesville is near the Old Stagecoach Stop
Pulaski County, Missouri
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Old and new Pulaski County courthouses in Waynesville
Pulaski County, Missouri
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The old Pulaski County Courthouse, which is on the
National Register, is now a museum.
38.
Ozark County, Missouri
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Ozark County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,723, the largest city and county seat is Gainesville. The county was organized as Ozark County, named after the Ozark Mountains and it was renamed Decatur County, after Commodore Stephen Decatur, from 1843 to 1845, after which the name Ozark County was restored. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 755 square miles. Arkansas is located to the south of Ozark County, the population density was 13 people per square mile. There were 5,114 housing units at a density of 7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 57% White,0. 15% Black or African American,0. 65% Native American,0. 08% Asian,0. 19% from other races, and 1. 36% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Ozark County were 28. 6% American,15. 9% German,12. 1% English, and 11. 4% Irish. 24. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.81. In the county, the population was out with 22. 10% under the age of 18,6. 90% from 18 to 24,22. 80% from 25 to 44,28. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 98.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.30 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,508, and the median income for a family was $36,622. Males had an income of $21,685 versus $17,312 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,302, about 16. 10% of families and 21. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30. 80% of those under age 18 and 17. 20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report, the most predominant denominations among residents in Ozark County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists, Churches of Christ, and Pentecostals. Of adults 25 years of age and older in Ozark County,73. 0% possesses a school diploma or higher while 8. 3% holds a bachelors degree or higher as their highest educational attainment. Republicans hold all but one of the positions in the county. All of Ozark County is a part of Missouri’s 143rd District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Lyle Rowland, all of Ozark County is a part of Missouris 29th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by State Senator Jack Goodman
Ozark County, Missouri
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Ozark County Courthouse in Gainesville
Ozark County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
39.
Laclede County, Missouri
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Laclede County is a county located in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,571, the county was organized February 24,1849, and was named after Pierre Laclède, founder of St. Louis. Laclede County comprises the Lebanon, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 768 square miles, of which 765 square miles is land and 3.3 square miles is water. The population density was 42 people per square mile, there were 14,320 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 04% White,0. 42% Black or African American,0. 49% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,0. 34% from other races, and 1. 37% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was out with 26. 70% under the age of 18,8. 40% from 18 to 24,27. 80% from 25 to 44,22. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,562, and the median income for a family was $35,962. Males had an income of $27,011 versus $18,283 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,572, about 11. 50% of families and 14. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 50% of those under age 18 and 15. 90% of those age 65 or over. Esther Elementary School Maplecrest Elementary School Boswell Elementary School Hillcrest School Lebanon Junior High School Lebanon High School Joel E. Barber C-5 School District - Lebanon Joel E, republicans hold all but one of the elected positions in the county. Most all of Laclede County is a part of Missouri’s 146th District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Darrell Pollock, all of Laclede County is a part of Missouri’s 33rd District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Chuck Purgason. All of Laclede County is included in Missouris 4th Congressional District and is represented by Vicky Hartzler in the U. S. House of Representatives. Former Governor Mike Huckabee received more votes, a total of 2,791, than any candidate from either party in Laclede County during the 2008 presidential primary
Laclede County, Missouri
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Laclede County Courthouse in Lebanon
Laclede County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
40.
Callaway County, Missouri
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Callaway County is a county located in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 44,332. The county was organized November 25,1820, and named for Captain James Callaway, Callaway County is also referred to as The Kingdom of Callaway after an incident in which residents confronted Union troops during the U. S. Civil War. Callaway County is part of the Jefferson City, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area, vineyards and wineries were first established in the area by German immigrants in the 19th century. Since the 1960s, there has been a revival of winemaking throughout the state, the Callaway Nuclear Generating Station is located in Callaway County. This area was occupied by the Osage and other Native American peoples. Others emerged as cultures in this area, following thousands of years of settlement by indigenous peoples, the European-American settlement of Callaway County was initiated primarily by migrants from the Upper South states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. They brought African-American slaves and slaveholding traditions with them, and quickly started cultivating hemp and tobacco, Callaway County was one of several to the north and south of the Missouri River settled mostly by Southerners in the early antebellum years. Given their culture and traditions, this became known as Little Dixie. In 1860 slaves made up 25 percent or more of the countys population, residents generally supported the Confederacy during the Civil War. The Battle of Moores Mill was the only significant Civil War battle that occurred in Callaway County, from the Civil War era the county earned the nickname of the Kingdom of Callaway. Missouri was the second-largest wine-producing state nationally until Prohibition, since the 1960s, numerous vineyards and wineries have been established again in the valley, including Summit Lake Winery in Holts Summit. The county is part of what is called the Missouri Rhineland, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 847 square miles, of which 835 square miles is land and 13 square miles is water. Callaway County lies on the border of transition between prairie and rugged Ozarks, the northern part of the county is relatively flat and devoid of large tracts of forests. The southern border of the county is the Missouri River, cedar Creek makes up the northern part of the western border. Audrain County Montgomery County Osage County Cole County Boone County Gasconade County Interstate 70 U. S. Route 40 U. S. Route 54 U. S, the population density was 49 people per square mile. There were 16,167 housing units at a density of 19 per square mile. Approximately 0. 92% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race,29. 9% identified as of German ancestry,22. 0% s American,9. 1% as Irish and 9. 1% as English ancestry
Callaway County, Missouri
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The Callaway County Courthouse in Fulton
41.
Stone County, Missouri
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Stone County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,202, the county was officially organized on February 10,1851, and is named after William Stone, an English pioneer and an early settler in Maryland who also served as Taney County Judge. Stone County is part of the Branson, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 511 square miles, of which 464 square miles is land and 47 square miles is water. The population density was 62 people per square mile, there were 16,241 housing units at an average density of 35 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 64% White,0. 07% Black or African American,0. 61% Native American,0. 18% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 25% from other races, and 1. 20% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among the major first ancestries reported in Stone County were 24. 3% American,20. 4% German,11. 3% English, and 10. 8% Irish ancestry. 21. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.76. In the county, the population was out with 21. 40% under the age of 18,6. 20% from 18 to 24,23. 80% from 25 to 44,29. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 96.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $40,487, and the median income for a family was $46,675. Males had an income of $26,224 versus $19,190 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,813, about 8. 50% of families and 12. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 00% of those under age 18 and 8. 10% of those age 65 or over. Of adults 25 years of age and older in Stone County,80. 4% possesses a school diploma or higher while 14. 2% holds a bachelors degree or higher as their highest educational attainment. The County Commission also oversees the Planning and Zoning Department, Senior Citizens Services Board, a Law Enforcement Restitution Board, all elected Officials in Stone County serve 4 year terms. The county employed 170 full-time employees and 10 part-time employees on December 31,2014. The Government primarily operates out of the County Seat of Galena, the Stone County Sheriffs office, Judiciary, Circuit Clerk, and Jail are all in the Stone County Judicial Center on the east side of the square. The Assessor and Planning and Zoning offices are located in buildings on the side of the square. The Republican Party completely controls politics at the level in Stone County. All current office holders are members of the Republican Party, elected Officials in Stone County on average have a long tenure one elected to office
Stone County, Missouri
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Stone County Courthouse in Galena
Stone County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
42.
Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri
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Sainte Genevieve County, often abbreviated Ste. Genevieve County, is a county located in the portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,145, the largest city and county seat is Ste. The county was organized on October 1,1812, and is named after the Spanish district once located in the region, after Saint Genevieve, patroness of Paris. It includes the earliest settlement west of the Mississippi River outside of New Spain and it is one of the last places where the Paw Paw French is still spoken. Genevieve County is located on the west bank of the Mississippi River approximately 60 miles south of St. Louis, Genevieve is the principal town and the county seat of Ste. Genevieve County with a population of around 5,000 people, Genevieve was the first permanent civilized settlement in Missouri. The actual date of establishment is, like many other dates, there is a conflict of opinion as to the exact year depending on the preferred source. The year 1735, according to Goodspeeds History of Southeast Missouri, dr. Carl J. Ekberg, in his book, Colonial Ste. Genevieve, is of the opinion that the date of the establishment of Ste, Genevieve is closer to 1750, based on interpretations of early letters, maps, and Catholic Church documents. Regardless of which one wishes to believe, Ste. Genevieve is about 250 years old, Genevieve was originally included in the Illinois Country. The seat of government was established in New Orleans, and what is now Missouri became part of Upper Louisiana Territory, the early French explorers and settlers were known to have been in the Ste. Genevieve area in the very early 18th century, salt was a very important commodity then in the preservation of foods and curing of animal hides, and the early French settlers were quick to exploit the salt springs on Saline Creek just below Ste. Mineral explorations lead Renault and La Motte to the area, probably the biggest factor in the establishment of Ste. Across the Mississippi River in Fort de Chartres and Kaskaskia, there was a growing need for land for the colonists. Across the Mississippi from Fort Kaskaskia was a fertile section of river bottom. It was approximately three miles south of the present site of Ste, Genevieve was originally an offshoot of the older French communities on the east bank of the Mississippi River—Cahokia, Kaskaskia, village of Chartres, Prairie du Rocher, and St. Philippe
Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri
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Ste. Genevieve County Courthouse
43.
Wright County, Missouri
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Wright County is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,815, the county was officially organized on January 29,1841, and is named after Silas Wright, a former Congressman, U. S. Senator and Governor of New York, Wright County is bordered by Laclede County on the north, Texas County on the east, Douglas County on the south, and Webster County on the west. It is in the part of the state considered Southwest Missouri, formed from part of Pulaski County on January 29,1841, Wright County was named in honor of Silas Wright, a prominent New York Democrat. The county seat of Hartville was probably named after Hartsville, Tennessee, Wright County lost part of its land in 1845 to Texas County, in 1849 to Laclede, and in 1855 a big chunk to Webster. It appears there were no Native American settlements early in the area, although the wandering Delawares, Shawnees, early white settlers were in the county in 1836 and were probably hunters. The county has been devastated several times by storms, the tornado that swept through Southwest Missouri that devastated Webster County on April 18,1880, also killed Polly and Sallie Scott and Mack, according to Goodspeed, in Wright County. A flood that occurred April 22–23,1885, drowned James Woods and his son Yat. Another tornado on May 8,1888, did considerable damage, as did a hailstorm near the time that reportedly left hail 3-4 inches deep and in drifts 5–8 feet high. Goodspeed gives great accounts of these storms, as well as others, a good-sized portion of the county is located in the Mark Twain National Forest. The Gasconade River and its tributaries flow through the county, as allowing for great recreational opportunities. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 683 square miles. Wright County lies within the Salem Plateau region of the Ozarks, the bulk of the county is drained by the north flowing Gasconade River and its tributary streams. The southern edge of the county is drained by the south flowing headwaters of North Fork River, the population density was 26 people per square mile. There were 7,957 housing units at a density of 12 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 61% White,0. 28% Black or African American,0. 66% Native American,0. 14% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 27% from other races, and 1. 04% from two or more races. Approximately 0. 77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.01
Wright County, Missouri
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Wright County Courthouse in Hartville
Wright County, Missouri
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Location in the state of
Missouri
44.
Boone County, Missouri
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Boone County is a county in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 162,642 and its county seat is Columbia, Missouris fourth-largest city. The county was organized November 16,1820 and named for Daniel Boone, Boone County comprises the Columbia, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The University of Missouri is in Columbia, Boone County was organized November 16,1820, from a portion of the territorial Howard County. The area was known as Boones Lick Country, because of a salt lick which Daniel Boones sons used for their stock. Boone County was settled primarily from the Upper South states of Kentucky, Tennessee, the settlers brought slaves and slave-holding with them, and quickly started cultivating crops similar to those in Middle Tennessee and Kentucky, hemp and tobacco. Boone was one of several counties settled by Southerners to the north and south of the Missouri River, because of its culture and traditions, the area became known as Little Dixie, and Boone County was at its heart. In 1860 slaves made up 25 percent or more of the countys population, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 496 square miles, of which 685 square miles is land and 5.6 square miles is water. The Missouri River makes up the border of the county. The population density was 198 people per square mile, there were 56,678 housing units at an average density of 83 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 85. 43% White,8. 54% Black or African American,0. 42% Native American,2. 96% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 69% from other races, and 1. 93% from two or more races. Approximately 1. 78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 6% claimed German,12. 3% American,11. 2% English and 9. 8% Irish ancestry. 28. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was out with 22. 80% under the age of 18,19. 90% from 18 to 24,29. 90% from 25 to 44,18. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $37,485, and the median income for a family was $51,210. Males had an income of $33,304 versus $25,990 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,844, about 7. 60% of families and 14. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 10% of those under age 18 and 5. 90% of those age 65 or over
Boone County, Missouri
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The
Boone County Courthouse at the Boone County Government Complex
Boone County, Missouri
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The BCFPD at a working structure fire.
45.
Bollinger County, Missouri
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Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,363. The county seat is Marble Hill, the county was officially organized in 1851. Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, the county is the home of the Missouri dinosaur and Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county. Sixty million years ago, dinosaurs roamed the area that would become known as Bollinger County. The Missouri Dinosaur, a hadrosaur, was discovered at a dig near Glen Allen and it has produced bones from different dinosaurs and aquatic species. To acquire the land, Bollinger first had to sign off a document asserting that he, in reality, most of the group were members of the German Reformed Church and none were actually Catholic. However, Don Louis Lorimier, the Spanish Land Commandant of Cape Girardeau, had been impressed by Bollinger on a visit and decided to bend the rules for him. Making the journey from North Carolina with Bollinger were his brothers John, Daniel, Also with him family of Johannes Caspar Shell, Michael, Caspar and Benjamin Shell. Benjamin Shell later married Georges sister Elizabeth in Cape Girardeau in 1807, all had immigrated with their families from Germany in the early 18th century and later migrated down the Shenandoah Valley into North Carolina by the late 18th century. Lorimiers willingness to place German Reformed settlers west of Cape Girardeau is somewhat perplexing given his role in placing a group of Shawnee settlers in that same location. Lorimier had intimate ties to the Shawnee group and his wife, Charlotte Bougainville of Ohio, was half French and half Shawnee. In Pickawillany, Ohio, Lorimier had supported the British and had led Shawnee and his raids had led to an attempt by George Rogers Clark to exterminate the French and Shawnee population at Pickawillany. Lorimier survived and fled to Spanish territory, where he became the Spanish Land Commandant. With Lorimiers help, Shawnee tribe members from Ohio were granted the right by the Spanish in 1793 to take up residence in the land to the west of Cape Girardeau. Despite Lorimiers historically protective role of the Shawnee group, the Shawnee appear to have viewed with distrust by many of the inhabitants of Cape Girardeau. Meanwhile, ownership of the region shifted in quick succession from Spain to France, the change in national ownership did not bode well for the earlier Shawnee settlers. In 1825 they were removed permanently when the U. S. government enacted the treaty with the Shawnee in 1825, the Osage tribe was the major Native American influence at the time of European settlement
Bollinger County, Missouri
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Bollinger County Courthouse, April 2014
46.
St. Francois County, Missouri
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St. Francois County /ˌseɪnt ˈfrænsᵻs/ is a county located in the Lead Belt region in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 65,359, the largest city and county seat is Farmington. The county was organized on December 19,1821. It was named after the St. Francis River, the origin of the rivers name is unclear. It might refer to St. Francis of Assisi, another possibility is that Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit who explored the region in 1673, named the river for the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier. Marquette had spent some time at the mission of St. Francois Xavier before his voyage and, St. Francois County comprises the Farmington, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL Combined Statistical Area. The first European settlement in St. Francois County was made in the spring of 1796 at what is now known as Big River Mills by Andrew Baker, John Ally, Francis Starnater and they each located claims in 1794 but did not bring their families until 1796. Andrew Baker was the one who had a house, the rest lived in camps. Baker, who built a home along the north bank of Big River. At one time he reportedly owned 200 slaves and was one of the wealthiest men in the area, eventually all his children married and left the farm which consisted of 740 acres. The farm was sold for taxes and later sold for $30 per acre, several families settled that same year on Big River, among them were Elisha Baker, his son Elijah and Joseph Reed from Bois Brule Bottom. In 1798, Solomon George became the first to settle on Little St. Francois River, a memorable circumstance occurred around March 1,1797. Henry Fry and Rebecca Baker having concluded to be married, started, in company with Catharine Miller, Mary and Abraham Baker and William Patterson, genevieve, the nearest point where anyone authorized to perform the service could be found. This unfortunate adventure caused the postponement of the marriage for one year and that same year, other immigrants began coming to this new country. Among these was the Reverend William Murphy, a native of Ireland and he and his three sons Joseph, William and David, along with a friend, Silas George, arrived by boat that fall in Ste. None in that community could speak English, so a Mr. Madden and he invited them to his home, and the following day sent a Native American with them to show where good claims could be secured. David Murphy located his claim in the side of the selected site. After securing their claims, these men returned to Tennessee for their families, but sickness overtook them, and both the Reverend Murphy and Silas George died before reaching home
St. Francois County, Missouri
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St. Francois County Courthouse in Farmington
47.
Precipitation
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In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel, Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and precipitates. Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated, Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called showers, moisture that is lifted or otherwise forced to rise over a layer of sub-freezing air at the surface may be condensed into clouds and rain. This process is active when freezing rain is occurring. A stationary front is often present near the area of freezing rain, provided necessary and sufficient atmospheric moisture content, the moisture within the rising air will condense into clouds, namely stratus and cumulonimbus. Eventually, the droplets will grow large enough to form raindrops. Lake-effect snowfall can be locally heavy, thundersnow is possible within a cyclones comma head and within lake effect precipitation bands. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation, on the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. The movement of the trough, or intertropical convergence zone. Precipitation is a component of the water cycle, and is responsible for depositing the fresh water on the planet. Approximately 505,000 cubic kilometres of water falls as precipitation each year,398,000 cubic kilometres of it over the oceans and 107,000 cubic kilometres over land. Given the Earths surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is 990 millimetres, Climate classification systems such as the Köppen climate classification system use average annual rainfall to help differentiate between differing climate regimes. Precipitation may occur on celestial bodies, e. g. when it gets cold, Mars has precipitation which most likely takes the form of frost. Precipitation is a component of the water cycle, and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the planet. Approximately 505,000 km3 of water falls as precipitation each year,398,000 km3 of it over the oceans, given the Earths surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is 990 millimetres. Mechanisms of producing precipitation include convective, stratiform, and orographic rainfall, Precipitation can be divided into three categories, based on whether it falls as liquid water, liquid water that freezes on contact with the surface, or ice
Precipitation
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A thunderstorm with heavy precipitation
Precipitation
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Long-term mean precipitation by month
Precipitation
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Late-summer
rainstorm in
Denmark
Precipitation
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Lenticular cloud forming due to mountains over Wyoming
48.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
National Park Service
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In 1916, a portfolio of nine major parks was published to generate interest. Printed on each brochure was a map showing the parks and principal railroad connections.
National Park Service
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National Park Service Arrowhead
National Park Service
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In 1934, a series of ten postage stamps were issued to commemorate the reorganization and expansion of the National Park Service.
National Park Service
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Grand Canyon National Park, south rim of canyon.
49.
Protected areas of the United States
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The protected areas of the United States are managed by an array of different federal, state, tribal and local level authorities and receive widely varying levels of protection. Some areas are managed as wilderness, while others are operated with acceptable commercial exploitation, as of 2015, the 25,800 protected areas covered 1,294,476 km2, or 14 percent of the land area of the United States. This is also one-tenth of the land area of the world. The U. S. also had a total of 787 National Marine Protected Areas, covering an additional 1,271,408 km2, some areas are managed in concert between levels of government. The Father Marquette National Memorial is an example of a park operated by a state park system. As of 2007, according to the United Nations Environment Programme, federal level protected areas are managed by a variety of agencies, most of which are a part of the National Park Service, a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior. They are often considered the jewels of the protected areas. Other areas are managed by the United States Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Army Corps of Engineers is claimed to provide 30 percent of the recreational opportunities on federal lands, mainly through lakes and waterways that they manage. The highest levels of protection, as described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, are Level I, the United States maintains 12 percent of the Level I and II lands in the world. These lands had an area of 210,000 sq mi. A confusing system for naming protected areas results in some types being used by more than one agency, for instance, both the National Park Service and the U. S. Forest Service operate areas designated National Preserves and National Recreation Areas. The National Park Service, the U. S. Forest Service, National Wilderness Areas are designated within other protected areas, managed by various agencies and sometimes wilderness areas span areas managed by multiple agencies. States and local zoning bodies may or may not choose to protect these, the state of Colorado, for example, is very clear that it does not set any limits on owners of NRHP properties. State parks vary widely from urban parks to large parks that are on a par with national parks. Some state parks, like Adirondack Park, are similar to the National parks of England and Wales, about half the area of the park, some 3,000,000 acres, is state-owned and preserved as forever wild by the Forest Preserve of New York. Wood-Tikchik State Park in Alaska claims to be the largest state park by the amount of protected land, it is larger than many U. S. National Parks. Many states also operate game and recreation areas. S, State and tribal wilderness areas Various counties, cities, metropolitan authorities, regional parks, townships, soil conservation districts and other units manage a variety of local level parks. Some of these are more than picnic areas or playgrounds, however
Protected areas of the United States
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Grand Canyon of
Yellowstone
Protected areas of the United States
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John Muir (1838-1914), one of the main inspirations for the U.S. national park system. "Why should man value himself as more than a small part of the one great unit of creation?" - John Muir.
50.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
Federal government of the United States
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The
United States Capitol is the
seat of government for Congress.
Federal government of the United States
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Great Seal of the United States
Federal government of the United States
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Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union, 1862.
