Maroons are descendants of Indigenous Americans and Africans in the Americas[a] and Islands of the Indian Ocean who resisted being enslaved and escaped from slavery, through fight, flight or manumission, and formed their own settlements. The often mixing of these Africans with varied indigenous peoples eventually evolved into separate creole cultures, such as the later Garifuna and the Mascogos.
An 18th-century illustration of a Maroon
Ndyuka man bringing the body of a child before a shaman. Suriname, 1955
Maroons surprised by dogs (1893) (Brussels) by Louis Samain.
1801 aquatint of a maroon raid on the Dromilly estate, Jamaica, during the Second Maroon War of 1795–1796.
The Black Seminoles, or Afro-Seminoles, are an ethnic group of mixed Native American and African origin associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma. They are mostly blood descendants of the Seminole people, free Africans, and escaped former slaves, who allied with Seminole groups in Spanish Florida. Many have Seminole lineage, but due to the stigma of having mixed origin, they have all been categorized as slaves or freedmen in the past.
An Afro-Seminole elder smoking from a pipe (1952)
Abraham, a black Seminole leader, from N. Orr's engraving in The Origin, Progress, and Conclusion of the Florida War (1848) by John T. Sprague.
"An Indigenous town, residence of a chief", from Lithographs of Events in the Seminole War in Florida in 1835, published by Gray and James in 1837
Massacre of the Whites by the Native Americans and blacks in Florida, engraving by D.F. Blanchard for an 1836 account of the Dade Massacre at the outset of the Second Seminole War (1835–42).
