1.
Aarhus
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Aarhus is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality. It is located on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula, in the centre of Denmark,187 kilometres northwest of Copenhagen and 289 kilometres north of Hamburg. The inner urban area contains 264,716 inhabitants and the population is 330,639. Aarhus is the city in the East Jutland metropolitan area. The history of Aarhus began as a fortified Viking settlement founded in the 8th century, the city was founded on the northern shores of a fjord at a natural harbour and the primary driver of growth was for centuries seaborne trade in agricultural products. Market town privileges were granted in 1441, but growth stagnated in the 17th century as the city suffered blockades, in the 19th century it was occupied twice by German troops during the Schleswig Wars but avoided destruction. As the industrial revolution took hold, the city grew to become the second-largest in the country by the 20th century, today Aarhus is at the cultural and economic core of the region and the largest centre for trade, services and industry in Jutland. The city ranks as the 92nd largest city in the European Union and it is also a top 100 conference city in the world. Aarhus is the industrial port of the country in terms of container handling. Major Danish companies have based their headquarters here and people commute for work and it is a centre for research and education in the Nordic countries and home to Aarhus University, Scandinavias largest university, including Aarhus University Hospital and INCUBA Science Park. Aarhus is notable for its musical history, in the 1950s many jazz clubs sprang up around the city, fuelled by the young population. By the 1960s, the music scene diversified into rock and other genres, in the 1970s and 1980s, Aarhus became the centre for Denmarks rock music fostering many iconic bands such as TV-2 and Gnags. Aarhus is home to the annual eight-day Aarhus International Jazz Festival, the SPoT Festival, in 2017 Aarhus are European Capital of Culture. In Valdemars Census Book the city was called Arus, and in Icelandic it was known as Aros and it is a compound of the two words ār, genitive of ā, and ōss. The name originates from the location around the mouth of Aarhus Å. The spelling Aarhus is first found in 1406 and gradually became the norm in the 17th century, aarhus/Århus spelling With the Danish spelling reform of 1948, Aa was changed to Å. Some Danish cities resisted the new spelling of their names, notably Aalborg, Århus city council explicitly embraced the new spelling, as it was thought to enhance an image of progressiveness. In 2010, the city voted to change the name from Århus to Aarhus in order to strengthen the international profile of the city
2.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Aarhus Municipality
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Aarhus Municipality, until 2011 formerly known as Århus Municipality, is a municipality in the Central Region, on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 470.95 km2, and has a population of 331,332, the main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Aarhus. Neighbouring municipalities are Syddjurs to the north, Favrskov to the northwest, Skanderborg to the southwest and it forms part of the East Jutland metropolitan area. Aarhus Municipality was not merged with other municipalities in the nationwide Kommunalreformen due to its relatively large size. Aarhus City Council is also the municipal government, the city council consists of 31 members elected for four-year terms. Administratively the municipality is divided into six minor agencies which together constitute the magistrate led by a mayor and it is the only Danish city with a magistrate structure. The current Mayor of Aarhus municipality is Jacob Bundsgaard of the Social Democrats, Wammen wanted to focus on the upcoming election for Parliament. The gender composition of the city council has risen steadily in favour of women through the 20th century, the first publicly elected mayor of Aarhus was appointed in 1919. In the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform the current Aarhus municipality was created by merging 20 municipalities, Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and polling stations in four electoral districts for the folketing. The diocese of Aarhus has four deaneries composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality, Aarhus municipality contains 21 postal districts and some parts of another 9. The urban area of Aarhus and the suburbs are divided into the districts Aarhus C, Aarhus N, Aarhus V, Viby J, Højbjerg. Aarhus is segmented into districts on different levels often containing several distinct neighbourhoods within them, the historical centre, known as Indre By, includes the neighbourhoods Centralværkstedet, the Latin Quarter and the areas around the Central Station and Aarhus Concert Hall. Districts and suburbs further out are Brabrand, Egå, Gellerup, Hasselager, Holme, Kolt, Rosenhøj, Skæring, Skåde, Slet, Stavtrup, Tilst and Tranbjerg. Statistics Denmark defines towns or cities as areas more than 200 residents in a continuous settlement with no more than 200 meters between residential structures. The city of Aarhus is the second largest urban area in Denmark, the port on the east coast of Jutland. In 2013 Beder and Malling was officially counted as an urban area for the first time. Towns in the municipality are generally considered satellites of Aarhus, population figures from Statistics Denmark,1
5.
Hack Kampmann
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Hack Kampmann was a Danish architect and professor of architecture at the architecture department of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. His parents were Christian Peter Georg Kampmann, a priest, Kampmann went on numerous study trips throughout Europe, paid for by several scholarships, including northern Italy, Greece and Sweden. He also attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1882, Kampmann was initially one of the leading Danish proponents of the national romantic style. However, during the 1920s he adopted the Nordic Classicism style and his most famous work is one of the culminations of the style, the Police Headquarters in Copenhagen he was among the initiators of 1920s Nordic Classicism. This last building was completed after his death in summer 1920 by his two sons, Christian and Hans Jørgen Kampmann, together with Rafn, Kampmann also was responsible for a number of building restoration projects, notably Aarhus Cathedral. In his watercolours he managed to capture the impression, the characteristic wet style seen in the watercolours of Aage Rafn, Steen Eiler Rasmussen. Kampmann is one of the most influential architects in Danish architectural history
6.
Danish language
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There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15–20% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language. Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, until the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions. With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing, a language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect. It spread through use in the system and administration though German. Today, traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared, though there are variants of the standard language. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative, Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels, and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød, a kind of laryngeal phonation type. The grammar is moderately inflective with strong and weak conjugations and inflections, nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. As in English, Danish only has remnants of a case system, particularly in the pronouns. Its syntax is V2, with the verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence. Danish is a Germanic language of the North Germanic branch, other names for this group are the Nordic or Scandinavian languages. Along with Swedish, Danish descends from the Eastern dialects of the Old Norse language, Scandinavian languages are often considered a dialect continuum, where there are no sharp dividing lines between the different vernacular languages. Like Norwegian and Swedish, Danish was significantly influenced by Low German in the Middle Ages, Danish itself can be divided into three main dialect areas, West Danish, Insular Danish, and East Danish. Danish is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Swedish, both Swedes and Danes also understand Norwegian better than they understand each others languages. By the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had some changes. This language was called the Danish tongue, or Norse language. Norse was written in the alphabet, first with the elder futhark. From the 7th century the common Norse language began to undergo changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, most of the changes separating East Norse from West Norse started as innovations in Denmark, that spread through Scania into Sweden and by maritime contact to southern Norway
7.
Danish royal family
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The Danish royal family consists of the dynastic family of the monarch. All members of the Danish royal family, except Queen Margrethe II, dynastic children of the monarch and of the heir apparent are accorded the style of His/Her Royal Highness, while other members of the dynasty are addressed as His/Her Highness. The Queen is styled Her Majesty, the Queen and her siblings belong to the House of Glücksburg, which is a branch of the Royal House of Oldenburg. The Queens children and male-line descendants belong agnatically to the family de Laborde de Monpezat, the Danish royal family enjoys remarkably high approval ratings in Denmark, possibly ranging from somewhere between 82% and 92%. During this time she was still a Princess of Denmark and thus a member of the Danish royal family, in 2005, her former mother-in-law granted her the additional title of grevinde af Frederiksborg, a personal title which would not be forfeited if Alexandra remarried. When she remarried on 3 March 2007, she lost the style of Highness and titular dignity of Princess of Denmark, until 1953 his dynastic male-line descendants remained in Denmarks order succession. However, no Danish act has revoked usage of the title for these descendants, neither for those living in 1953. There are three members of the Greek royal family who are not known to bear the title of Prince/ss of Denmark with the qualification of His/Her Highness, the Ducal Family of Schleswig-Holstein descends in the legitimate male line from Christian III of Denmark. Danish princes who marry without consent of the Danish monarch lose their dynastic rights, the ex-dynasts are then usually accorded the hereditary title Count of Rosenborg. Female descendants were eligible to inherit the throne in the event there were no surviving male dynasts born in the male line. As for the duchies, Holstein and Lauenburg where the King ruled as duke, these lands adhered to Salic law, the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg were joined in personal union with the Crown of Denmark. That meant that the new King of Denmark would not also be the new Duke of Schleswig or Duke of Holstein, in 2009, the mode of inheritance of the throne was once more changed, this time into an absolute primogeniture. This imposed no immediate change on the line of succession as it was then, of the articles of this law, all except Article 21 and Article 25 have since been repealed. However, those who do reside in Denmark or its territories continue to require the prior permission to travel abroad. The wording excludes those whose blood cannot be traced to a Danish monarch, although all other articles of the Kongelov have been repealed by amendments to the Constitution in 1849,1853 and 1953, these two articles have thus far been left intact. 1Princess Benediktes children have no succession rights, since the children continued to be educated in Germany well past the mandatory schooling age, they are deemed to no longer have succession rights. Line of succession to the British throne Line of succession to the Greek throne Line of succession to the Norwegian throne Kongehuset. dk Official site of the Danish Monarchy
8.
Margrethe II of Denmark
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Margrethe II is the Queen of Denmark. She is also the authority of the Church of Denmark. Born into the House of Glücksburg, a house with origins in Northern Germany, she was the eldest child of Frederick IX of Denmark. She succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972, having had become heir presumptive to her father in 1953, on her accession, Margrethe became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375–1412 during the Kalmar Union. Having been on the Danish throne for 45 years, she is the second longest-reigning Danish monarch after her ancestor Christian IV, in 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she has two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim. Princess Margrethe was born 16 April 1940 at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen as the first child of Crown Prince Frederick, later King Frederick IX and Crown Princess Ingrid and her birth took place just one week after Nazi Germanys invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940. She was baptised on 14 May in the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen, since her paternal grandfather was also the King of Iceland, she was given an Icelandic name, Þórhildur. When Margrethe was four years old, in 1944, her first sister, Princess Benedikte later married Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and lives some of the time in Germany. Her second sister Princess Anne Marie was born in 1946, anne-Marie later married Constantine II of Greece and now lives in Greece. Margrethe and her sisters grew up in apartments at Frederick VIIIs Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and she spent summer holidays with the royal family in her parents summer residence at Gråsten Palace in Southern Jutland. On 20 April 1947, King Christian X died and Margrethes father ascended the throne as King Frederick IX. At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, as she had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume the throne. The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after her father ascended the throne, the popularity of Frederick and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by a referendum, which occurred 27 March 1953, Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive. On her eighteenth birthday,16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State and she subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King. Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahles School in Copenhagen from which she graduated in 1959 and she is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Queen Margrethe is fluent in Danish, French, English, Swedish and German, Princess Margrethe married a French diplomat, Count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat,10 June 1967, at the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne, Margrethe gave birth to her first child 26 May 1968
9.
Mindeparken
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Mindeparken is a memorial park and recreational area in the south of Aarhus City, next to Marselisborg Palace. The Park itself, was inaugurated in 1925 by king Christian X and that role soon diminished and disappeared, as the annual gatherings in Rebild gained momentum. In 1934 a large monument in limestone, engraved with the names of, designed by the Danish architect Axel Ekberg and Danish sculptor Axel Poulsen, they choose limestone from Euville in the Meuse department in France, a major battlefield in World War I. The memorial site is still in use today and on the 11th of November. In 2012, a stone for Danish soldiers stationed abroad, was erected in the park, surrounding the memorial monument is a large park and lawn area, used for all kinds of gatherings, events and recreational activities by the citizens of Aarhus. The park offers a view across the Bay of Aarhus. Mindeparken was extended in 1939 and again in 1944, and now includes different sections with their own peculiarities, in a corner of the park is Træsamlingen, a botanical selection of different tree species and nearby is the section of Rømerhaven, a sculpture garden with a botanical bend. In the south of Mindeparken lies the Donbæk Houses, built in 1828 and 1850 and they formerly served as residentials of the servants to the baron of Marselisborg Manor, and also housing for forest workers in the Marselisborg Forests at some point. The old Marselisborg Manor was located where Marselisborg Gymnasium has residence now, the Donbæk Houses are thus not related to the Marselisborg Palace. World War I monument Mindeparken Aarhus Municipality Mindeparken Arrangør i Aarhus, Aarhus Municipality Excursions to the Marselisborg Mindepark Aarhus Municipality 2010
10.
Aarhus Forestry Botanical Garden
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Aarhus Forestry Botanical Garden is a forestry botanical garden located in the south of Aarhus, Denmark. It forms a part of the northern section of Marselisborg Forests and is situated right next to Marselisborg Palace. The botanical garden was established in 1923, the garden holds 900 different species of trees and bushes from all over the world, on just about 5 hectares. Because of the nearby forest and the flora, the botanical garden also attracts a varied fauna and it is not unusual to spot roe deers, squirrels, owls and herons. The Forestry Botanical Gardens status as a study ground, has diminished over the years. The garden is free to public access year round, but it is not allowed to pick plantparts, many of the tall trees are ageing and it is not advised to be around the garden in windy weather, as falling branches are an imminent danger. Excursions in The Forestry Botanical Garden Aarhus Municipality
11.
Marselisborg Deer Park
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Marselisborg Deer Park is a 22 hectares enclosed woodland area in the northern parts of the Marselisborg Forests. The trees are somewhat sparse here and the terrain especially hilly, Marselisborg Deer Park is not a deer park in the original sense, as it is not meant for hunting deer. The idea is more like a small park, but just presenting a few common species. Initially sika deer were introduced to graze the open woodland hills. The park was established in 1932 and have since been enlarged several times and it is owned and administered by the Aarhus Municipality. The deer park is open and free for public access year round in the hours, although the following visits are discouraged. Here the female does are nursing their young calves, the does show protective behaviour and might attack humans that come too close. In addition the important nursing might be disturbed too much, giving the calves a lower chance of survival, here the deer are mating and the bucks will be in a rut and showing aggressive behaviour. Especially the sika bucks with their antlers poses a threat to visitors, in addition, disturbances might postpone the mating, giving the outcome calves a lower chance of survival, if the animals are stressed too much. Many of the old trees poses a danger, with heavy falling branches and these are explicit dangers, but there are a lot of general concerns too to take into account also, when visiting the area. Many of them are obvious to most people, but here is a few important ones, Deer and many mammals cannot digest bread, pasta or similar food items and they will fall ill if they eat it. Instead the animals can be fed with carrots and apples, which are considered safe. The wild boars must never be fed anything, chasing smaller animals will stress them unnecessary and can make them sick or even kill them. Chasing larger animals, might make them aggressive and attack you and you can choose to interact with animals, if they choose to approach you in a friendly or neutral manner. Many animals have a natural flock behaviour and it can be dangerous for humans to be caught inside a flock, stay in the outskirts of flocks. Animals in the live from what the surrounding nature offers them, so do not collect larger quantities of food items. Do not collect the chestnuts or mast in the Marselisborg Deer Park, animals might try to eat wasted litter and it can harm them, in some cases kill them in a most agonising way. Do not leave litter or garbage in nature, the wild boars are permanently fenced in their own enclosure, as they are a dangerous animal
12.
Marselisborg Forests
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Marselisborg Forests or simply Marselisborg Forest, is a 1,300 hectares forest to the south of Aarhus City in the Kingdom of Denmark. Many present day sources now includes the forest of Fløjstrup, as part of the Marselisborg Forests, Marselisborg Forests runs along the coastline of the Aarhus Bay in a hilly terrain with steep slopes and deep gullies, especially at the shoreline. There are many traces of prehistoric activities here and the landscape have been covered by woodlands for thousands of years, Marselisborg Forests is comprised by a collection of small patches of woodland, that have been allowed to merge into a single entity, mainly after 1820. The woodland patches originally belonged to the barony of Marselis, residing at the now gone Marselisborg, before 1820, there was an extensive forestry in the woods, so most of the trees are no more than 200 years old. Aarhus Municipality took ownership of the land and forests in 1896, Marselisborg Forests have a long cultural history as a recreational area for Aarhus and its citizens and today it is among the most frequented forests in Denmark. The forestry business is rather limited today, now Odd Fellow Palace Varna since 1970. Originally the home of the forest keeper, but also known as a restaurant from around 1800, for many years it offered orchestral concerts in addition to the food and drinks. Now exclusively a highend restaurant, with attached conference halls, first mentioned in written sources in 1661 and with a long history as a grain mill, brewery, restaurant, etc. Silistria is now the headquarters of OK Pan Århus, Denmarks oldest orienteering club founded in 1946, Thors Mølle from 1637, as the only remaining stamp mill of the original five at the Varna stream. Initially a powder mill and with a history as a guesthouse and restaurant, the modern day restaurant at Thors Mølle, were founded around the year 1900. Skovmøllen can be traced back to at least the year 1570, skovmøllen is Denmark’s only functioning undershot millstone and it powers both a grain mill and a sawmill. Skovmøllen have worked as a restaurant and housed celebrations since the 1800s, the milling business was restarted in the year 2000, by a team of volunteers and guided tours are arranged regularly. Moesgård Museum with surrounding open-air museums, including the old Moesgård Manor, in the early 1900s, it even housed a zoo, and two steamboats regularly transported citizens from the Aarhus harbour to various spots, just for recreational purposes. Many of the documents of the booming restaurants and scenes, reports dramatic drops in turnovers. As one of the popular and noteworthy happenings of our time. The tradition was initiated by crown princess Mary and crown prince Frederik of Denmark in 2009, inspired by Australia, the first two exhibitions attracted an estimated half a million visitors each. It is one of the few big forests in Denmark, that can present larger connected areas of beech wood. Most of the forest is a deciduous forest, with species like beech, ash
13.
Christian X of Denmark
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Christian X was the King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only king of Iceland, between 1918 and 1944. Among his siblings was King Haakon VII of Norway and his character as a ruler has been described as authoritarian and he strongly stressed the importance of royal dignity and power. His reluctance to embrace democracy resulted in the Easter Crisis of 1920, in which he dismissed the democratically elected cabinet with which he disagreed, and instated one of his own choosing. He also became the subject of a persistent urban legend according to which, during Nazi occupation, Danish Jews were not forced to wear the Star of David. However, the legend stems from a 1942 British report that claimed he threatened to don the star if this was forced upon Danish Jews. I stated that I could not meet such a demand towards Danish citizens, if such a demand is made, we would best meet it by all wearing the Star of David. In addition, he helped finance the transport of Danish Jews to unoccupied Sweden, Christian was born on 26 September 1870 at Charlottenlund Palace in Gentofte Municipality north of Copenhagen, during the reign of his paternal grandfather, King Christian IX. He was born as the oldest son and child of Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark and his wife Louise of Sweden and he was baptised in the Chapel of Christiansborg Palace on 31 October 1870 by the Bishop of Zealand, Hans Lassen Martensen. She eventually became his queen consort, furthermore, the couple received Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus as a wedding present from the people of Denmark in 1898. In 1914, the King also built the villa Klitgården in Skagen, on 29 January 1906, King Christian IX died, and Christians father ascended the throne as King Frederick VIII. Christian himself now became crown prince, on 14 May 1912, King Frederick VIII died after collapsing from shortness of breath while taking a walk in a park in Hamburg, Germany. He had been returning from a stay in Nice, France. Christian was in Copenhagen when he heard about his fathers demise, in April 1920, Christian instigated the Easter Crisis, perhaps the most decisive event in the evolution of the Danish monarchy in the Twentieth Century. Danish claims to the region persisted to the end of World War I, according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the disposition of Schleswig was to be determined by two plebiscites, one in Northern Schleswig, the other in Central Schleswig. In Northern Schleswig, seventy-five percent voted for reunification with Denmark, in this vote, the entire region was considered to be an indivisible unit, and the entire region was awarded to Denmark. In Central Schleswig, the situation was reversed with eighty percent voting for Germany, in this vote, each municipality decided its own future, and German majorities prevailed everywhere. Christian X agreed with these sentiments, and ordered Prime Minister Zahle to include Flensburg in the re-unification process, as Denmark had been operating as a parliamentary democracy since the Cabinet of Deuntzer in 1901, Zahle felt he was under no obligation to comply. He refused the order and resigned days later after a heated exchange with the King
14.
Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
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Alexandrine Auguste of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was Queen of Denmark as the wife of King Christian X. She was also Queen of Iceland from 1 December 1918 to 17 June 1944 and she was born a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in the city of Schwerin, Germany. Her father was Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, her mother was Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia, Duchess Alexandrine married Prince Christian of Denmark on 26 April 1898, in Cannes, France, when she was 18 years old. In 1902, the couple were given Marselisborg Palace, and the garden was to one of her greatest interests. Alexandrine became crown princess in 1906 and queen in 1912 and she is not considered to have played any political role, but is described as being a loyal support to her spouse. She was interested in music, and acted as the protector of the musical societies Musikforeningen i København and she was known for her needlework, which she sold for charitable purposes. After the death of her mother-in-law Louise of Sweden in 1926, during World War I, she founded Dronningens Centralkomité af 1914 to the support of poor families. She survived the 1918 flu pandemic, the couple was given great popularity as national symbols during the World War II occupation, which was demonstrated during a tour through the country in 1946. Before the occupation, she and her daughter-in-law were engaged in mobilising the women of Denmark and her rejection of General Kaupisch on 9 April 1940 became a symbol for her loyalty toward Denmark before her birth country Germany. He asked to do so alone, but Alexandrine told him she would interrupt them. When the General was about to leave, she came in, and when he greeted her, she said, General, this is not the circumstance in which I expected to greet a countryman. It was also reported, that in contrast to the monarch himself and the Crown Prince, the Queen, kaj Munk is quoted to describe the public appreciation of her during World War II with his comment, Protect our Queen, the only German we would like to keep. In 1947, she was widowed, she became the first queen dowager of Denmark to opt not to use that title
15.
Frederick IX of Denmark
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Frederick IX was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972. Born into the House of Glücksburg, Frederick was the eldest son of King Christian X and he became Crown Prince when his father succeeded as king in 1912. As a young man, he was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy, in 1935, he was married to Princess Ingrid of Sweden and they had three daughters, Margrethe, Benedikte and Anne-Marie. During Nazi Germanys occupation of Denmark, Frederick acted as regent on behalf of his father from 1942 until 1943, Frederick became king on his fathers death in early 1947. Denmark modernized, bringing new demands on the monarchy and Fredericks role as a constitutional monarch, Frederick IX died in 1972, and was succeeded by his elder daughter, Margrethe. Prince Frederick was born on 11 March 1899 at Sorgenfri Palace in Kongens Lyngby on Zealand during the reign of his great-grandfather King Christian IX and his father was Prince Christian of Denmark, the eldest son of Crown Prince Frederick and Princess Louise of Sweden. His mother was Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a daughter of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and he was baptised at Sorgenfri Palace on 9 April 1899. Fredericks only sibling, Knud, was one year after Frederick. In 1914, the King also built the villa Klitgården in Skagen in Northern Jutland, Christian IX died on 29 January 1906, and Fredericks grandfather Crown Prince Frederick succeeded him as King Frederick VIII. Fredericks father became crown prince, and Frederick moved up to second in line to the throne, just six years later, on 14 May 1912, King Frederick VIII died, and Fredericks father ascended the throne as King Christian X. Frederick himself now became crown prince. However, as a referendum established the Republic of Iceland on 17 June 1944. Frederick was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy and the University of Copenhagen, before he became king, he had acquired the rank of Rear Admiral and he had had several senior commands on active service. He acquired several tattoos during his naval service, in addition, with his great love of music, the king was an able piano player and conductor. In 1922, Frederick was engaged to Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark, his second cousin. Instead, on 15 March 1935, a few days after his 36th birthday, he was engaged to Princess Ingrid of Sweden and they were related in several ways. In descent from Oscar I of Sweden and Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, in descent from Paul I of Russia, Frederick was a fourth cousin of Ingrids mother. They married in Stockholm Cathedral on 24 May 1935, on 20 April 1947, Christian X died, and Frederick succeeded to the throne. He was proclaimed king from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace by Prime Minister Knud Kristensen, Frederick IXs reign saw great change
16.
Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
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Prince Henrik of Denmark, is the husband of Queen Margrethe II. Henrik married Margrethe at the Naval Church of Copenhagen on 10 June 1967 and became her consort when she succeeded her father, King Frederick IX, the couple have two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim. On 14 April 2016 Prince Henrik renounced the title of Prince Consort, Henrik was born in Talence, Gironde, France. He spent his first five years in Hanoi, where his father looked after business interests. He returned to Hanoi in 1950, graduating from the French secondary school there in 1952, between 1952 and 1957 he simultaneously studied law and political science at the Sorbonne, Paris, and Chinese and Vietnamese at the École Nationale des Langues Orientales. He also studied in Hong Kong in 1957 and Saigon in 1958, on 10 June 1967 he married Princess Margrethe, the heir presumptive to the Danish throne, at the Naval Church of Copenhagen. At the time of the wedding his name was Danicised to Henrik, before the wedding, the Prince converted to Lutheranism. Princess Josephine, born on 8 January 2011 at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen Prince Joachim, Princess Athena, born on 24 January 2012 at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen. Prince Henriks native language is French, and his language is Danish. He also speaks fluent English, Chinese, and Vietnamese, although he quickly learned Danish after marrying Margrethe, Danes still joke about his grasp of Danish and his thick French accent. In 2002, Henrik left Denmark and went to stay at the couples Château de Caïx in Cahors in southern France. The cause of his departure from Denmark was a New Years Day reception in which his son, Henrik felt pushed aside, degraded and humiliated by being relegated to third place in the royal hierarchy. For many years I have been Denmarks number two, he said, ive been satisfied with that role, but I dont want to be relegated to number three after so many years. Henrik fled Denmark to reflect on his status in the Danish Royal Family, Queen Margrethe flew to France to meet her husband. Henrik stressed that neither his wife nor son were to blame for the incident, the Prince Consort spent three weeks in Caix, and did not appear with his wife as expected at the wedding of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, and Máxima Zorreguieta. After three weeks, Henrik returned to Denmark, the Queens private secretary Henning Fode commented, The Queen and the Prince Consort have considered this for quite some time, and it has led to the belief that it was the right thing to do. It is a joy for me that his French roots will also be remembered. Although no announcement was made at time, Prince Christian does now include this part of his French grandfathers surnames among his hereditary titles
17.
Marselisborg Gymnasium
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Marselisborg Gymnasium is a school of secondary education in Aarhus, Denmark. The school is an financially independent self-owning educational institution under the Danish state, Marselisborg Gymnasium was founded in 1898 by Olaf Gudme under the name Marselisborg Boarding and Learned School. The school became an alternative to Aarhus Katedralskole and was first expanded in 1904. From 1916 the school owned by Aarhus Municipality and in 1973 by Aarhus County. In the Danish Municipal Reform of 2007 the Danish counties were abolished and Marselisborg Gymnasium became independent and self-owning like most other Danish educational institutions
18.
Manor
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A manor in English law is an estate in land to which is incident the right to hold a court termed court baron, that is to say a manorial court. The proper unit of tenure under the system is the fee, on which the manor became established through the process of time. The manor is nevertheless often described as the basic unit of tenure and is historically connected with the territorial divisions of the march, county, hundred, parish. And so by continuance of time made a manor, of the portion reserved by the lord for his own use, termed the demesne, part was occupied by villeins, with the duty of cultivating the rest for the lords use. These were originally tenants at will and in a state of semi-serfdom and it is of the essence of copyhold that it should be regulated by the custom of the manor, as evidenced in the manorial roll produced by the manorial court. Manors cannot be created at the present day because manorial courts cannot be established with any legal jurisdiction, the statute did not apply to a tenant-in-chief of the king, who might have alienated his land under a license. When a great baron had granted out smaller manors to others, all land was differentiated by its legal status and by physical characteristics. It should be noted that legal status of land in England, demesne, land retained in-hand by the lord of the manor, without subtenant. Other land could be, Glebe, land not belonging to the reserved for the support of the parish priest. Common land, by open land, over which the lord, certain manorial tenants. For example, a right of estovers may belong to one of groups or all of them. Freehold Copyhold Customary Freehold Leasehold, the Reversion is held by its former freeholder, usually before the sale of land belonging to manors, arable, ploughed land used to grow crops. Pasture, grassland used for grazing livestock, closes, small enclosed fields created by hedge or stone wall boundaries, used for example to house ewes with their lambs requiring close observation. Marsh Woodland, a fuel resource. Furze, a resource used by the lower tenants. Fallow, land resting within the cycle of crop rotation agriculture, fishpond, used to breed fish such as carp A manor was akin to the modern firm or business or other going concern. It was further similar in that its ownership could be transferred, with the licence to alienate having been obtained from the overlord. The administration was self-contained and the new lord needed only to collect its net revenues to form his return on investment, the direction was ultimately provided by the manorial court, presided over by the lords personal steward, whose members included the freehold tenants of the manor
19.
Gabriel Marselis
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Gabriel Marselis was a Dutch tradesman and land owner. He was born in Hamburg, the son of merchant Gabriel Marselis and he settled in Amsterdam in 1634. His trading with King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway was partly paid with the Crowns properties, Marselis thus became the owner of several iron works and copper works in Norway, and also became one of the largest landowners in Denmark and Norway. Among his sons were Vilhelm, Baron and ancestor of the noble family Güldencrone, and Constantin, Baron of Marselisborg and Constantinsborg at Aarhus in Denmark
20.
Jutland
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Jutland, also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula, is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and the northern portion of Germany. The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri, respectively, jutlands terrain is relatively flat, with open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east. Jutland is a peninsula bounded by the North Sea to the west, the Skagerrak to the north, geographically and historically, Jutland comprises the regions of South Jutland, West Jutland, East Jutland and North Jutland. There are several subdivisions and regional names, some of which are still occasionally encountered today. They include Nørrejyllland, Sydvestjylland, Nordvestjylland and Slesvig, historically, Jutland was regulated by the Law Code of Jutland. This civic code covered the Jutland Peninsula from the north of the River Eider to Funen as well as the North Jutlandic Island. The Danish part of Jutland is currently divided into three regions, North Denmark Region, Central Denmark Region and Region of Southern Denmark. These three regions have an area of 29,775 km2, a population of 2,599,104. The northernmost part of Jutland is separated from the mainland by the Limfjord and this area is called the North Jutlandic Island, Vendsyssel-Thy or simply Jutland north of the Limfjord, it is only partly co-terminous with the North Jutland region. Inhabitants of Als would agree to be South Jutlanders, but not necessarily Jutlanders, the Danish Wadden Sea Islands and the German North Frisian Islands stretch along the southwest coast of Jutland in the German Bight. Jutland has historically been one of the three lands of Denmark, the two being Scania and Zealand. Before that, according to Ptolemy, Jutland or the Cimbric Chersonese was the home of Teutons, Cimbri, many Angles, Saxons and Jutes migrated from Continental Europe to Great Britain starting in c.450 AD. The Angles themselves gave their name to the new emerging kingdoms called England and this is thought by some to be related to the invasion of Europe by the Huns from Asia. Saxons and Frisii migrated to the region in the part of the Christian era. Old Saxony was later on referred to as Holstein, during the First World War, the Battle of Jutland in the North Sea west of Jutland was one of the largest naval battles in history. In this pitched battle, the British Royal Navy engaged the Imperial German Navy, the British fleet sustained greater losses, but remained in control of the North Sea, so in strategic terms, most historians regard Jutland either as a British victory or as indecisive. The distinctive Jutish dialects differ substantially from standard Danish, especially West Jutlandic, dialect usage, although in decline, is better preserved in Jutland than in eastern Denmark, and Jutlander speech remains a stereotype among many Copenhageners and eastern Danes. Administratively, Danish Jutland comprises three of Denmarks five regions, namely the Region Nordjylland, Region Midtjylland and the half of Region of Southern Denmark
21.
Coat of arms
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A coat of arms is an heraldic visual design on an escutcheon, surcoat, or tabard. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the heraldic achievement which in its whole consists of shield, supporters, crest. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to a person, family, state. The ancient Romans used similar insignia on their shields, but these identified military units rather than individuals, the first evidence of medieval coats of arms has been attributed to the 11th century Bayeux Tapestry in which some of the combatants carry shields painted with crosses. However, that heraldic interpretation remains controversial, coats of arms came into general use by feudal lords and knights in battle in the 12th century. By the 13th century, arms had spread beyond their initial battlefield use to become a flag or emblem for families in the social classes of Europe. Exactly who had a right to use arms, by law or social convention, in the German-speaking regions both the aristocracy and burghers used arms, while in most of the rest of Europe they were limited to the aristocracy. The use of spread to the clergy, to towns as civic identifiers. Flags developed from coats of arms, and the arts of vexillology, the coats of arms granted to commercial companies are a major source of the modern logo. Despite no widespread regulation, heraldry has remained consistent across Europe, some nations, like England and Scotland, still maintain the same heraldic authorities which have traditionally granted and regulated arms for centuries and continue to do so in the present day. In England, for example, the granting of arms is and has controlled by the College of Arms. Unlike seals and other emblems, heraldic achievements have a formal description called a blazon. Many societies exist that also aid in the design and registration of personal arms, in the heraldic traditions of England and Scotland, an individual, rather than a family, had a coat of arms. In those traditions coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to son, wives, undifferenced arms are used only by one person at any given time. Other descendants of the bearer could bear the ancestral arms only with some difference. One such charge is the label, which in British usage is now always the mark of an apparent or an heir presumptive. Because of their importance in identification, particularly in seals on legal documents and this has been carried out by heralds and the study of coats of arms is therefore called heraldry. In time, the use of arms spread from military entities to educational institutes, the author Helen Stuart argues that some coats of arms were a form of corporate logo
22.
Vejle
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Vejle is a town in Denmark, in the southeast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of Vejle Fjord, where the Vejle River and Grejs River and their valleys converge. It is the site of the councils of Vejle Municipality and the Region of Southern Denmark, the city itself has a population of 54,862, making it the ninth largest city in Denmark. Vejle Municipality has a population of 111,743, the city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Fredericia. Vejle is most known for its hills, fjord, harbour, shopping, pedestrian mall. The word Vejle derives from the Old Danish word wæthel, meaning ford or wading place due to its location at a crossing over Vejle River. During Viking times, the wetlands around Vejle had to be crossed at the Ravning Bridge, the first recorded mention of the town is from 1256, and the first known merchant town privileges were issued by King Valdemar III in 1327. Archaeological digs near St. Nicolai Church in downtown Vejle have shown there were residences in the area as far back as 1100. The kings castle, Castrum Wæthel, was located where Vejle Transit Centre is today. During the Middle Ages, Vejle was important as a market town, in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Vejles population was diminished as a consequence of plague and war. Downtown Vejle was built on an island of glacial till in Vejle River remaining from a hill formed during the last ice age. For a country where the highest natural elevation is only about 170 m above sea level, Vejle is known for the hills that rise to the north and south of the town. The two valleys converge at Vejle are both unique in Denmark, Vejle River Valley is the longest tunnel valley in Denmark. Both empty into Vejle Fjord, which connects Vejle by water through the Little Belt strait to the Baltic Sea, many of Vejles neighbourhoods began as separate towns or villages that merged with the city as it grew. Søndermarken, Nørremarken, and Grejsdalen, however, were all founded as extensions of the city onto the surrounding hillsides, historically speaking, industry has been very important for the citys development, while today more weight is placed on business and service, as well as high-tech firms. During the Industrial Revolution, Vejle was known as the Manchester of Denmark due to its textile mills. The local rivers provided water power to mills, including the facilities of De Danske Bomuldsspinderier. In the first half of the 20th century, Vejle was something of a behemoth within the Danish textile industry, despite the decline in the industry in Denmark, the last cotton mill in Vejle remained open until 1993. Today, many of the old buildings are used for art studios, office space
23.
Horsens
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Horsens is a Danish city in east Jutland. It is the site of the council of Horsens Municipality, the citys population is 57,517 and the municipalitys population is 87,736. The municipality is also a part of the East Jutland metropolitan area, Horsens is best known for its culture and entertainment events. Horsens New Theatre is a centre which holds over 200 events annually. It has managed to draw major names such as Bob Dylan, Madonna, Horsens lies at the end of Horsens Fjord in eastern Jutland. The city is surrounded by typical moraine landscape with low hills, Horsens is 50 km south of Aarhus and 30 km north of Vejle, and approximately 200 km from Copenhagen. It is believed the name Horsens derives from the old Danish words hors, from the 12th century the name Horsenes is known. The earliest traces of a city are remains of a burial site. In the 12th century, the kings Sweyn III and Valdemar I issued coins in the city, in the 13th century the city got its own legal code. Excavations have shown that the city was expanded around 1300, with a moat going around the city, industrialization started from the middle of the 19th century. The population rose dramatically when people from the moved to the city to work in the factories. The first Danish iron foundry outside of Copenhagen was opened as well as tobacco, the city is currently undergoing a positive development with new industry moving to Horsens, or expanding their activities already in Horsens. A lot of electronics and graphical companies are based there, Horsens also has the only Industrial Museum in Denmark. The city is home to VIA University College. In recent years, much effort has made to expand. Paul McCartney, Robbie Williams, The Rolling Stones, Dolly Parton, AC/DC, U2 and Snow Patrol have performed, hard Rock/Heavy Metal band Pretty Maids is from Horsens. One of the largest cultural events in Denmark is the annual European Medieval Festival on the last Friday and Saturday in August, the town centre of Horsens is transformed into the largest medieval market town in Northern Europe with activities and entertainment for families and children of all ages. Every March, Horsens hosts a Crime Festival, the Crime Festival - in Danish called Krimimessen - is an event for literary crime, mysteries and thrillers
24.
Randers
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Randers is a city in Randers Municipality, Central Denmark Region on the Jutland peninsula. It is Denmarks sixth-largest city, with a population of 61,163, Randers is the municipalitys main town and the site of its municipal council. The municipality is also a part of the East Jutland metropolitan area, by road it is 38.5 kilometres north of Aarhus,43.8 kilometres east of Viborg, and 224 kilometres northwest of Copenhagen. Randers became a market town in medieval times, and many of its 15th-century half-timbered houses remain today, as does St Martins Church. Trade by sea was facilitated through the Gudenå River, entering Randers Fjord, most of the larger historic industries in Randers are gone today. From 1970, the population saw a decline from a peak of 58.500 citizens, the main tourist attraction is Randers Tropical Zoo thanks to its artificial rainforest, the largest in Northern Europe, its 350 varieties of plant and over 175 species of animals. The citys football team, Randers FC, play their homes games at the AutoC Park Randers, and are in Denmarks first league, the Superligaen. The town is home to Randers rugby union club and Jutland RLFC, a rugby league team, as well as Randers Cimbria. The oldest forms of the name appear on coins minted from the times of King George until those of Svend Grathe. The coins bear the names Ranrosia, Ransias, Radrusia, Rand, ancient written records include the Latin Randrusium, Icelandic Randrosi, and Rondrus, Randrøs. Other early forms provide Randersborg and Randershusen, the name appears to stem from Rand and Aros and probably means town on the hillside by the river mouth. The modern form Randers was first came into use at the end of the 17th century, Randers was formally established around the 12th century, but traces of activity date back to Viking times. Canute IV of Denmark, also known as Canute the Saint and Canute the Holy, the peasants of Randers who rose up against him and his plans to attack England and its ruler, William the Conqueror, assembled in this town. Their uprising led to the death of Canute, a chronicle written at Essenbæk Abbey tells of a fire that ravaged the city. The city was destroyed and rebuilt three times in the 13th century, in 1246, it was burned down by Abel of Denmarks troops during the civil uprising against Eric IV of Denmark. This action led to insurrection against the Germans. Ebbesen died in a battle at Skanderborg Castle in December 1340. A statue to Ebbesen stands in front of Randers Town Hall today, when King Valdemar IV of Denmark tried to assemble a government in 1350 after the mortgaging to the Holsteiners, the town was further reinforced with protection, and was often named as Randershus
25.
Aalborg
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Aalborg, also spelled Ålborg, is an industrial and university city in the North of Jutland, Denmark. It has an population of 112,194, making it the fourth most populous city in Denmark. With a population of 210,316, the Municipality of Aalborg is the third most populous in the country after Copenhagen, by road Aalborg is 64 kilometres southwest of Frederikshavn, and 118 kilometres north of Aarhus. The distance to Copenhagen is 412 kilometres, the earliest settlements date to around AD700. Aalborgs position at the narrowest point on the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, architecturally, the city is known for its half-timbered mansions built by its prosperous merchants. Budolfi Church, now a cathedral, dates from the end of the 14th century and Aalborghus Castle, today, Aalborg is a city in transition from a working-class industrial area to a knowledge-based community. A major exporter of grain, cement, and spirits, its business interests include Siemens Wind Power, Aalborg Industries. These companies have become global producers of wind turbine rotors, marine boilers, with its theatres, symphony orchestra, opera company, performance venues, and museums such as Aalborg Historical Museum and the Aalborg Museum of Modern Art, Aalborg is an important cultural hub. The Aalborg Carnival, held at the end of May, is one of the largest festivals in Scandinavia, the major university is the University of Aalborg, founded in 1974, which has more than 17,000 students. Trænregimentet, the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency personnel, is also in Aalborg. Aalborg University Hospital, the largest in the north of Jutland, was founded in 1881. The football club Aalborg BK, established in 1885 and based at Nordjyske Arena, won the Danish Superliga in the 1994–95 season, the 1998–99 season, the 2007–08 season and the 2013–14 season. Other sports associations include the icehockey club Aalborg Pirates, the handball team Aalborg Håndbold, the rugby club Aalborg RK. Aalborg Railway Station, on John F. Kennedys Plads has connected the city to Randers, Aalborg Airport is just 6 kilometres northwest of the city centre, and the E45, a European route from Karesuando, Sweden, to Gela, Italy, passes through Aalborg. The European Commission has concluded that the citizens of Aalborg are the most satisfied people in Europe with their city. The area around the narrowest point on the Limfjord attracted settlements as far back as the Iron Age leading to a thriving Viking community until around the year 1000 in what has now become Aalborg. In the Middle Ages, royal trading privileges, a natural harbour, despite the difficulties it experienced over the centuries, the city began to prosper once again towards the end of the 19th century when a bridge was built over Limfjord and the railway arrived. Aalborgs initial growth relied on heavy industry but its current development focuses on culture, Aalborg traces its history back over a thousand years
26.
Thisted
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Thisted is a town in Thisted municipality of Region Nordjylland, in Denmark. It has a population of 13,079 and is located in Thy, the town name derives from the Germanic deity Tyr and could be translated into Tyrs Stead. Market town status was given to Thisted in the year 1500, J. P. Jacobsen, Jesper Grønkjær, Bent Larsen, Yutte Stensgaard, Christen Mikkelsen Kold, and the pop duo Junior Senior and disc jockey Kato are some notable people from Thisted. Grethe Rask, a doctor who worked in Africa in the 1970s is also from Thisted. Working in primitive conditions, Rask was the first known confirmed case of AIDS to be discovered by the medical community There are several educational institutions in Thisted. There are three schools, Østre skole, Rolighedskolen, and Tingstrup skole, theres also a gymnasium, Higher Preparatory Examination, Higher Commercial Examination Programme and Higher Technical Examination Programme. Thisted has a football team Thisted FC in the Danish 2nd Division West, Thisted is also home of the Brewery Thisted Bryghus known for its high quality organic beer. Langdos, the largest bronze age burial mound in Denmark, is located in Thisted, the burial mound is 175 meters long and was built between 1800 and 1000 BC. Thisted features a church Gothic-style church, the exterior of which contains a stone with Runic inscriptions, the men from Thisted, as well as those of Mors, left for which they were afterwards called cowards and traitors. Thisted is served by Thisted railway station and it is located on the Thy railway line and offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen and local train services to Struer
27.
Prefect
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Prefect is a magisterial title of varying definition, but which, basically, refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefects office, department, or area of control is called a prefecture, the words prefect and prefecture are also used, more or less conventionally, to render analogous words in other languages, especially Romance languages. They did have authority in their prefecture such as controlling prisons. The Praetorian prefect began as the commander of a generals guard company in the field. From the Emperor Diocletians tetrarchy they became the administrators of the four Praetorian prefectures, Praefectus urbi, or praefectus urbanus, city prefect, in charge of the administration of Rome. Praefectus vigilum, commander of the Vigiles, Praefectus aerarii, nobles appointed guardians of the state treasury. Praefectus aerarii militaris, prefect of the military treasury Praefectus annonae, Praefectus alae, commander of a cavalry unit. Praefectus cohortis, commander of a cohort, Praefectus fabrum, officer in charge of fabri, i. e. well-trained engineers and artisans. Praefectus legionis agens vice legati, equestrian acting legionary commander, Praefectus orae maritimae, official in charge with the control and defense of an important sector of sea coast. Praefectus socium, Roman officer appointed to a function in an ala sociorum. For some auxiliary troops, specific titles could even refer to their peoples, less important provinces though were entrusted to prefects, military men who would otherwise only govern parts of larger provinces. The most famous example is Pontius Pilate, who governed Judaea at a time when it was administered as an annex of Syria, septimius Severus, after conquering Mesopotamia, introduced the same system there too. Praefectus urbi, a prefect of the era who guarded the city during the annual sacrifice of the Latin. His former title was custos urbi, especially in Medieval Latin, præfectus was used to refer to various officers—administrative, military, judicial, etc. —usually alongside a more precise term in the vernacular. The term is used by the Roman Catholic Church, which based much of its canon law terminology on Roman law, the Roman Curia has the nine Prefects of all the Congregations as well as the two of the Papal Household and of the Economic Affairs of the Holy See. The title also attaches to the heads of some Pontifical Council, who are titled president. For example, the president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue is also the prefect of the Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims, traditionally these Curial officials are Cardinals, hence often called Cardinal-Prefect or Cardinal-President. There was a custom that those who were not cardinals when they were appointed were titled Pro-Prefect or Pro-President, then these officials would be appointed prefect or president after their elevation to the Sacred College
28.
Baron
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Baron is a title of honour, often hereditary. The word baron comes from the Old French baron, from a Late Latin baro man, servant, soldier, cornutus in the first century already reports a word barones which he took to be of Gaulish origin. During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones, feudal landholders were entitled to style themselves baron if they were nobles, a roturier could only be a seigneur de la baronnie. These baronies could be sold freely until 1789 when feudal law was abolished. The title of baron was assumed as a titre de courtoisie by many nobles, emperor Napoléon created a new empire nobility, in which baron was the second lowest title. The titles followed a line of descent and could not be purchased. In 1815, King Louis XVIII created a new system based on the British model. Baron-peer was the lowest title, but the heirs to pre-1789 barons could remain barons, as could the elder sons of viscount-peers and this peerage system was abolished in 1848. The wife of a Freiherr is called a Freifrau or sometimes Baronin, families which had always held this status were called Uradel, and were heraldically entitled to a three pointed coronet. Families which had been ennobled at a point in time had seven points on their coronet. These families held their fief in vassalage from a suzerain, the holder of an allodial barony was thus called a Free Lord, or Freiherr. Subsequently, sovereigns in Germany conferred the title of Freiherr as a rank in the nobility, today, as of 1919 on, there is no legal privilege associated with hereditary titles in Germany. In modern, republican Germany, Freiherr and Baron remain heritable only as part of the legal surname, as opposed to this, hereditary titles have been banned completely in Austria. Still, in countries, honorary styles like His/her Highness, Serenity, etc. persists in social use as a form of utmost courtesy. As a result, German barons have been more numerous than those of countries where primogeniture with respect to title inheritance prevails as France. In Italy, barone was the lowest rank of feudal nobility except for that of signore or vassallo, the title of baron was most generally introduced into southern Italy by the Normans during the 11th century. Whereas originally a barony might consist of two or more manors, by 1700 we see what were formerly single manors erected into baronies, counties or even marquisates. Since the early 1800s, when feudalism was abolished in the various Italian states, the untitled younger son of a baron is a nobile dei baroni and in informal usage might be called a baron, while certain baronies devolve to heirs male general
29.
English landscape garden
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The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. The work of Lancelot Capability Brown was particularly influential, by the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, in Pavlovsk, the gardens of the future Emperor Paul. It also had a influence on the form of the public parks. These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and pieces of architecture and these gardens, modelled after the gardens of Versailles, were designed to impress visitors with their size and grandeur. William Kent was an architect, painter and furniture designer who introduced Palladian style architecture to England and his gardens were designed to complement the Palladian architecture of the houses he built. He collaborated with Kent on several major gardens, providing the botanical expertise which allowed Kent to realize his architectural visions, Kent created one of the first true English landscape gardens at Chiswick House for Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington. Between 1733 and 1736, he redesigned the garden, adding lawns sloping down to the edge of the river, for the first time the form of a garden was inspired not by architecture, but by an idealized version of nature. Rousham House in Oxfordshire is considered by some as the most accomplished, the patron was General Dormer, who commissioned Bridgeman to begin the garden in 1727, then brought in Kent to recreate it in 1737. Bridgeman had built a series of gardens, including a grotto of Venus, on the slope along the river Cherwell, finally, he added cascades modelled on those of the garden of Aldobrandini and Pratolino in Italy, to add movement and drama. Stowe, in Buckinghamshire, was a more radical departure from the formal French garden. In the early 18th century, Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, had commissioned Charles Bridgeman to design a formal garden, bridgemans design included an octagonal lake and a Rotunda designed by Vanbrugh. In the 1730s, William Kent and James Gibbs were appointed to work with Bridgeman, Kent remade the lake in a more natural shape, and created a new kind of garden, which took visitors on a tour of picturesque landscapes. The garden attracted visitors from all over Europe, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau and it became the inspiration for landscape gardens in Britain and on the Continent. Stourhead, in Wiltshire, created by banker Henry Hoare, was one of the first picturesque gardens, Hoare had travelled to Italy on the Grand Tour and had returned with a painting by Claude Lorrain. He sought to create an ideal landscape out of the English countryside and he created artificial lakes and used dams and canals to transform streams or springs into the illusion that a river flowed through the garden. He compared his own role as a designer to that of a poet or composer. Here I put a comma, there, when its necessary to cut the view, I put a parenthesis, there I end it with a period, the most important were, Petworth in 1752, Chatsworth in 1761, Bowood in 1763, Blenheim Palace in 1764. Humphry Repton was the last great English landscape designer of the eighteenth century, to help clients visualize his designs, Repton produced Red Books with explanatory text and watercolors with a system of overlays to show before and after views
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Guard mounting
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Guard mounting, or changing the guard, is a formal ceremony in which sentries providing ceremonial guard duties at important institutions are relieved by a new batch of sentries. The ceremonies are elaborate and precisely choreographed. They originated with peacetime and battlefield military drills introduced to enhance unit cohesion, there is also a ceremonial Changing the Guard ceremony during the summer at the Citadelle of Quebec by members of the Royal 22e Régiment. A pair of mounted units lead the Central Band, Drums and Bugles of the Carabineros, while patriotic and popular music is played, the color guard emerges and salutes are exchanged between the old and new guards at the main gate and the officers of each unit. The ceremony ends with the band, drums and bugles marching off with the old guard, soldiers of the Cuban Revolutionary Army guard the Mausoleum of José Marti in Santiago de Cuba. The guard is changed every half-hour, and is signaled by clock tower similar to how Soviet guards at the Lenin mausoleum used the bells of the Spasskaya Tower Clock. Every day at noon the guard of Prague Castle is changed, at Amalienborg Palace, the royal residence in Copenhagen, the Royal Guard, mounted by the Kongelige Livgarde is on duty for 24 hours, and the relief takes place every day at 12 oclock noon. The parade starts off from the barracks by Rosenborg Castle, there are three types of guard changes, Kongevagt - when the monarch is in residence - accompanied by the Royal Guards music band. Palævagt - the Crown Prince or Prince Joachim are in residence, every Sunday at 11,00 a ceremonial change of guards takes place. On this occasion all the three official uniforms of the Evzones can be seen, for the needs of the ceremonial change of guard, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue and Amalias Avenue are briefly closed to traffic from approximately 10,55 to 11,05 on Sunday mornings. The ceremony commences at 7am and is accessible for public. Group A of Paspampres, which guards the president and the palace, is responsible for this ceremony, a ceremonial changing of the guard is held at the President of Indias official place of residence the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The ceremony is held every Saturday at 08.00 am,10. 00am. The old and new guard consists of a troop from the Presidents Body Guard, a military band is also present to provide accompaniment. When the New Guard is formed up between the Dominion columns of the North Block, sentries are nominated and the guards are inspected by their officers as the band plays Sammaan Guard. The men of the Presidents Bodyguard consist of the old warrior classes of the Rajputs, Sikhs, recruitment standards are strict and the minimum height of each soldier is six feet. Accompanied by the tune Robinson, the handing over of a key takes place between the Junior Commissioned Officer of the Old and New Guard and this symbolizes the exchange of responsibilities between commanders. Sentries of the Old Guard rejoin and the Junior Commissioned Officers return to their posts, the Old Guard marches off to the tune Saare Jahan Se Achcha
31.
Midtbyen, Aarhus
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Midtbyen, also known as Aarhus Center or City, is the inner part of Aarhus. Midtbyen is part of district Aarhus C, with postal code 8000, together with Vesterbro, Nørre Stenbro and Frederiksbjerg, Midtbyen is characterized by narrow, winding, cobbled streets and a busy street life, with many small squares, cafés and shops. A large part of the area is carfree and the neighborhood has been increasingly pedestrianised, the square of Store Torv in front of the cathedral, forms a natural centre of the large pedestrian zone. The stream of Aarhus Å flows through Midtbyen and adds to the areas distinct charm, the waterway was covered by roads for many decades, but has recently been opened up again. Midtbyen comprise the oldest part of the city of Aarhus and was where the town itself originated more than a thousand years ago, Midtbyen dates back to at least late 700 AD, at the beginning of the Viking Age and was originally and previously confined by fortifications and walls. A similar naming structure can be observed in many older Danish towns, the canal of the Aarhus River runs through Midtbyen, along the street of Åboulevarden and was important to the development of the early settlements, that sprawled around it. The streets in Midtbyen are mostly narrow and layed out in a chaotic pattern. Many are closed to motorized traffic, instead serving as pedestrian zones with a street life. Outside of these areas, a lot of the roads are one way directed and it can be difficult to navigate or find a parking spot. Midtbyen has some heavy traffic during rush hours and it can also be a problem, to guide the traffic and take of the pressure, the inner city of Aarhus is surrounded by a number of ring roads. There are several car parks in or just outside the city centre, including Magasin du Nord, Dokk1, Aarhus City Tower, Brunns Galleri. Most of the city buses in Aarhus pass through Midtbyen, while the blue regional. The street of Park Allé next to the City Hall, serves as a bus hub. Even though the situation can be difficult for motorized vehicles, it is fairly easy. Major roads has bike paths next to them and some streets are dedicated bike roads and it is not allowed to bike in the pedestrianised zones. Afdeling, Den Indre By - Århus Kommuneatlas, Aarhus Municipality
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Indre By, Aarhus
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Indre By is a neighborhood in the city of Aarhus, Denmark. The neighborhood is one of the three neighborhoods in the district of Aarhus C, along with Frederiksbjerg and Vesterbro. Indre By is composed of areas from different time periods, the area is characterized by narrow, curved streets paved with cobblestones exemplified by Badstuegade, Klostergade and Volden. The central square of Pustervig Torv was constructed in conjunction with a works project in the 1960s. Nowadays the square serves a more recreational purpose with cafés, restaurants and occasional events, today the Latin Quarter contains many fashion and specialty shops, cafés and theatres as well as the art cinema Øst for Paradis and Hotel Royal. The historical centre extends to the Central Station by Ryesgade, the busiest commercial street in Denmark. The Central Station and the area around it was developed in the 1920s and is characterized by wide streets and large brick buildings with mansard roofs. The area around the Concert Hall presents a variety of differing styles within a small area. Next to them the modernistic glass encased Concert Hall from 1982 contrasts the 1940s marble clad City Hall across from the City Hall Park, the area is the original Aarhus founded in the 8th century during the Viking Age. The oldest historical parts along the coast and river were ringed by defensive ramparts from 934 until they were removed in 1477. The streets Volden and Graven were built on the former defences
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Aarhus Docklands
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Aarhus Docklands is a new neighbourhood and construction site in Aarhus, Denmark. Beginning in 2007, the Aarhus Docklands is now a construction site with many buildings already built as of 2016. Fully developed, the new Docklands neighbourhood is intended to sustain 7,000 residents and 12,000 jobs in an area equalling the size of Trøjborg, Aarhus Docklands offers a view of the Aarhus Bay and there is just a short distance to the inner city. The projects at Aarhus Docklands includes, Isbjerget, by JDS Architects, Z house, by Bjarke Ingels Group. Grundfos Kollegiet, a dormitory financed by the Danish company of Grundfos, navitas Park, a research centre of energy technology. Part of INCUBA Science Park, with education, engineering, innovation, the Light House, is a residential project under construction in Aarhus Docklands, the new harbour front district of Aarhus. The project was divided in 2 phases, but due to financial problems. Both stages are completed, with stage 2 finished in 2014, the original phase 2 of the Light House project, included a 142 m tall tower. Located at the edge of the front, overlooking the Aarhus Bay, it would have been the tallest building in Denmark. It was supposed to comprise more apartments, offices, a hotel and restaurant, in addition to the original financial problems, it was discovered during the construction of phase 1 in 2008, that the construction ground was not stable enough to support a tower of that size. A countrywide geological survey showed that the site was in fact one of the most unstable in Denmark. In December 2013, the investment company of Havneinvest A/S decided not to use the buy-, the option prize was DKK270 mill, but after four years of thorough investigations for DKK9 million, the investor concluded that the project could not be realized. The investigations revealed among several issues, that the conditions could not allow for balconies at the tower. The Hilton Hotels & Resorts company has abandoned the project. The construction prize for the tower has been estimated at DKK1.5 billion and now Aarhus Municipality is considering other investors and a rethinking of the original tower project altogether
34.
Frederiksbjerg
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Frederiksbjerg is a borough in Aarhus, Denmark. It is located just south of the city centre, separated from it by a broad railway yard. Despite being part of the city, Frederiksbjerg has its own charm and character. With around 20,000 inhabitants, it is basically a residential area, Frederiksbjerg was annexed by Aarhus in 1874, when the city limits was moved south from the railway yard. The city was at bursting point for expansion, due to the accelerating industrialization and population growth, from 1870-75 Frederiksbjergs population rose from just 300 to 2000 citizens and with the building of the new bridge of Bruuns Bro, the admission accelerated further. This development inspired the City Council to adopt a strategy of large scale city planning, something unheard of in Aarhus. Several plans was proposed and worked out, but the architect Hack Kampmann and city engineer to Copenhagen Charles Ambts innovative plan from 1898, Frederiksbjerg was soon fully developed and populated thereafter. Afdeling, Frederiksbjerg Øst - Århus Kommuneatlas, Aarhus Municipality, on the history and development of Frederiksbjerg. Afdeling, Frederiksbjerg Vest - Århus Kommuneatlas, Aarhus Municipality, on the history and development of Frederiksbjerg
35.
Marselisborg
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Marselisborg is a small borough of Aarhus, Denmark. Being small and situated just south of Frederiksbjerg, Marselisborg is often considered part of Frederiksbjerg, the Marselisborg Manor accidentally burned down soon after, and was replaced by the Marselisborg Gymnasium in 1911. The majority of the buildings in Marselisborg are from the part of the 1900s. Marselisborg means Marselis-castle, a name invented for the Marselisborg Manor by Constantin Marselis, placed in the northern outskirts of the Marselisborg Forests, Marselisborg is both close to nature and has several buildings and highlights, that attracts people from all over Aarhus. The large event venue of Tangkrogen at the Bay of Aarhus, hosts major events throughout the year. In addition, these facilities should be highlighted, Mindeparken Marselisborg Palace Marselisborg Yacht Harbour Tivoli Friheden Atletion stadium Jutland Racecourse Aarhus Cycling Arena
36.
Vesterbro, Aarhus
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Vesterbro is an area in the city of Aarhus, located in the Aarhus C district to the west of the city centre, Midtbyen. The neighbourhood is not as old as the centre as it was previously farmland outside the city walls. The development of Vesterbro progressed, when the city walls of Aarhus were demolished in 1851, the neighbourhood of Vesterbro comprise the area between the university, Midtbyen, the broad railway yard bordering Frederiksbjerg, Aabyhøj and Aarhus V. The oldest part of Vesterbro is located close to Midtbyen, places of interest includes the Aarhus Botanical Gardens, the open-air museum of Den Gamle By, the hospital of Amtssygehuset and the culture centre of Godsbanen. The main square of Vesterbro Torv used to be a square for the trading of livestock such as pigs in the 1880s. Now it is probably the busiest junction in Vesterbro
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Aaby, Aarhus
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Åby or Aaby is a suburban area of Aarhus in Denmark. Located 4 km from the city centre of Aarhus, Åby was originally an old village, but is now an integrated a part of Åbyhøj, to distinguish Åby from Åbyhøj, the village area is often referred to as Gammel Åby. Åby is situated at a bend of the Aarhus River and there is access to the river, the name Åby translates literally as river-town in modern Danish and it also derives from the Old Norse for village on a river. Åby is identical in meaning with Aby in Lincolnshire in England, the town of Åby is very old and grew from a port that used to be here in the Viking Age, when Aarhus Å was a fjord. Over the years, the fjord sanded up and transformed into the narrow waterway we now know as Aarhus River, the usual village charm and characteristics are still clearly visible in Åby, especially around the church. Åby Kirke - Hasle Herred Nationalmuseet There is a map of the village around 1780 on p.1451, summary of the text in English. August F. Schmidt, Aaby Sogns Historie, Vol. I-II, Volume I was self-published, Volume II was published by Aaby Kommune. Åby og Åbyhøj - Fra landsby til forstad, Aaby - Aabyhøj Lokalhistoriske Forening Pamphlet published by the association in Åby
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Bispehaven
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Bispehaven is a housing project and the largest department of the housing cooperative Østjysk Bolig in Aarhus, Denmark. The project is located in the suburb of Hasle and mostly consists of concrete apartments. The buildings were renovated in 2004–07. Bispehaven has c.2,500 inhabitants, with a percentage of 1st-. The area has known as a so-called ghetto area, as one of many in western Aarhus. The crime and the unemployment rate is high compared to areas of Aarhus. The Danish rapper Marwan shot his first commercial music video in Bispehaven, the name of the song is Min Blok, meaning My Block. Bispehaven i Aarhus V Det Boligsociale Fællessekretariat Marwan Official homepage
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