1.
Dagenham
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Dagenham is a large suburb of east London, England. In the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, it is 11.5 miles east of Charing Cross and 9.5 miles east of the City of London. Historically in Essex, it was a village and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921. The population of the significantly increased in the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity. The southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, Dagenham first appeared in a document in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 666 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a farmstead, the ham or farm of a man called Daecca. In 1931 the Ford Motor Company relocated from Trafford Park in Manchester, to a plant in Dagenham, by the 1950s Ford had taken over Briggs at Dagenham and its other sites at Doncaster, Southampton, Croydon and Romford. At its peak the Dagenham plant had 4 million square feet of floor space, in 2005 Cummins went into a joint venture and offered $15 million to reinstate the factory. Ford and Cummins offered a good redundancy package, billed as one of the best in UK manufacturing and it is the location of the Dagenham wind turbines. Some 4,000 people now work at the Ford plant, the movie Made in Dagenham is a dramatisation of the 1968 Ford sewing machinists strike at the plant, when female workers walked out in protest against sexual discrimination and unequal pay. Sterling Ltd who were famous for manufacturing British Army weapons and Jaguar car parts were based in Dagenham until they went bankrupt in 1988. The May & Baker plant, owned and run by Sanofi-Aventis, occupies a 108-acre site in Rainham Road South and it was abandoned in 2013 when the company closed this plant. The council has decided how to use the vacant site and they will redevelop it with a new shopping centre, stores announced so far are a Sainsburys supermarket and a pub restaurant. More stores will be announced in the future, Dagenham was an ancient, and later civil, parish in the Becontree hundred of Essex. The Metropolitan Police District was extended in 1840 to include Dagenham, the parish formed part of the Romford Rural District from 1894. Dagenham Parish Council offices were located on Bull Street, separately, the London County Council proposed that its area of responsibility should be expanded beyond the County of London to cover the area. Instead, in 1926 the Dagenham parish was removed from the Romford Rural District, in 1938, in further recognition of its development, Dagenham became a municipal borough
2.
Essex
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Essex /ˈɛsᵻks/ is a county in England immediately north-east of London. It borders the counties of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, the county town is Chelmsford, which is the only city in the county. Essex occupies the part of the old Kingdom of Essex, before this. As well as areas, the county also includes London Stansted Airport, the new towns of Basildon and Harlow, Lakeside Shopping Centre, the port of Tilbury. Originally recorded in AD527, Essex occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea. In changes before the Norman conquest the East Saxons were subsumed into the Kingdom of England and, following the Norman conquest, Essex became a county. During the medieval period, much of the area was designated a Royal forest, including the county in a period to 1204. Gradually, the subject to forest law diminished, but at various times included the forests of Becontree, Chelmsford, Epping, Hatfield, Ongar. County-wide administration Essex County Council was formed in 1889, however County Boroughs of West Ham, Southend-on-Sea and East Ham formed part of the county but were unitary authorities. 12 boroughs and districts provide more localised services such as rubbish and recycling collections, leisure and planning, parish-level administration – changes A few Essex parishes have been transferred to other counties. Before 1889, small areas were transferred to Hertfordshire near Bishops Stortford, Essex became part of the East of England Government Office Region in 1994 and was statistically counted as part of that region from 1999, having previously been part of the South East England region. Two unitary authorities In 1998 the boroughs of Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock were granted autonomy from the county of Essex after successful requests to become unitary authorities. Essex Police covers the county and the two unitary authorities. The county council chamber and main headquarters is at the County Hall in Chelmsford, before 1938 the council regularly met in London near Moorgate, which with significant parts closer to that point and the dominance of railways had been more convenient than any place in the county. It currently has 75 elected councillors, before 1965, the number of councillors reached over 100. The highest point of the county of Essex is Chrishall Common near the village of Langley, close to the Hertfordshire border, the pattern of settlement in the county is diverse. Epping Forest also acts as a barrier to the further spread of London. Part of the southeast of the county, already containing the population centres of Basildon, Southend and Thurrock, is within the Thames Gateway
3.
Synthpop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
4.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
5.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
6.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
7.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
8.
Synthesizer
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A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals, natural sounds like ocean waves, etc. or generate new electronic timbres. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are called sound modules, and are controlled via USB, MIDI or CV/gate using a controller device. Synthesizers use various methods to generate electronic signals, synthesizers were first used in pop music in the 1960s. In the 1970s, synths were used in disco, especially in the late 1970s, in the 1980s, the invention of the relatively inexpensive, mass market Yamaha DX7 synth made synthesizers widely available. 1980s pop and dance music often made use of synthesizers. In the 2010s, synthesizers are used in genres of pop, rock. Contemporary classical music composers from the 20th and 21st century write compositions for synthesizer, the beginnings of the synthesizer are difficult to trace, as it is difficult to draw a distinction between synthesizers and some early electric or electronic musical instruments. One of the earliest electric musical instruments, the telegraph, was invented in 1876 by American electrical engineer Elisha Gray. He accidentally discovered the sound generation from a self-vibrating electromechanical circuit and this musical telegraph used steel reeds with oscillations created by electromagnets transmitted over a telegraph line. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker device into later models, consisting of a diaphragm in a magnetic field. This instrument was a remote electromechanical musical instrument that used telegraphy, though it lacked an arbitrary sound-synthesis function, some have erroneously called it the first synthesizer. In 1897, Thaddeus Cahill invented the Teleharmonium, which used dynamos, and was capable of additive synthesis like the Hammond organ, however, Cahills business was unsuccessful for various reasons, and similar but more compact instruments were subsequently developed, such as electronic and tonewheel organs. In 1906, American engineer, Lee De Forest ushered in the electronics age and he invented the first amplifying vacuum tube, called the Audion tube. This led to new entertainment technologies, including radio and sound films, ondes Martenot and Trautonium were continuously developed for several decades, finally developing qualities similar to later synthesizers. In the 1920s, Arseny Avraamov developed various systems of graphic sonic art, in 1938, USSR engineer Yevgeny Murzin designed a compositional tool called ANS, one of the earliest real-time additive synthesizers using optoelectronics. The earliest polyphonic synthesizers were developed in Germany and the United States, during the three years that Hammond manufactured this model,1,069 units were shipped, but production was discontinued at the start of World War II. Both instruments were the forerunners of the electronic organs and polyphonic synthesizers
9.
Sampler (musical instrument)
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The samples are loaded or recorded by the user or by a manufacturer. These sounds are played back by means of the sampler program itself. Because these samples are stored in digital memory, the information can be quickly accessed. A single sample may often be pitch-shifted to different pitches to produce musical scales, often samplers offer filters, effects units, modulation via low frequency oscillation and other synthesizer-like processes that allow the original sound to be modified in many different ways. Most samplers have polyphonic capabilities – they are able to more than one note at the same time. Many are also multitimbral – they can play back different sounds simultaneously, prior to computer memory-based samplers, musicians used tape replay keyboards, which store recordings on analog tape. When a key is pressed the tape head contacts the moving tape, to change sounds a new set of tapes had to be installed in the instrument. The emergence of the sampler made sampling far more practical. Bruce Haack built a digital sampler which he demonstrated on Mister Rogers Neighborhood in 1967, the home made synthesizer device included a built-in sampler which recorded, stored, played back and looped sounds controlled by switches, light sensors and human skin contact. EMS Musys system, developed by Peter Grogono, David Cockerell, the system ran on two mini-computers, Digital Equipment PDP-8s. These had 12,000 bytes of memory, backed up by a hard drive of 32k. EMS equipment was used to control the worlds first digital studio, the E-mu SP-1200 percussion sampler progressed Hip-Hop away from the drum machine sound upon its release in August 1987, ushering in the sample-based sound of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Akai pioneered many processing techniques, such as crossfade looping and time stretch to shorten or lengthen samples without affecting pitch, during the 1980s, hybrid synthesizers began to utilize short samples along with digital synthesis to create more realistic imitations of instruments than had previously been possible. Examples are the Korg M1, Roland U-110, Yamahas SY series, samplers, together with traditional Foley artists, are the mainstay of modern sound effects production. Using digital techniques various effects can be pitch-shifted and otherwise altered in ways that would have required many hours when done with tape, usually a sampler is controlled by an attached music keyboard or other external MIDI controller or source. Each note-message received by the sampler accesses a particular sample, often multiple samples are arranged across the keyboard, each assigned to a note or group of notes. Keyboard tracking allows samples to be shifted in pitch by an appropriate amount, each group of notes to which a single sample has been assigned is often called a keyzone, and the resultant set of zones is called a keymap. For example, in Fig 1, a keymap has been created four different samples
10.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
11.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
12.
Melodica
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The melodica, also known as the pianica, blow-organ, key harmonica, or melodyhorn, is a free-reed instrument similar to the pump organ and harmonica. It has a keyboard on top, and is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece that fits into a hole in the side of the instrument. Pressing a key opens a hole, allowing air to flow through a reed, the keyboard is usually two or three octaves long. Melodicas are small, light, and portable and they are popular in music education, especially in Asia. The modern form of the instrument was invented by Hohner in the 1950s, brazilian multi-instrumentalist Hermeto Pascoal developed a technique consisting of singing while playing the melodica, resulting in a wide tonal and harmonic palette. It is associated with Jamaican dub and reggae musician Augustus Pablo who popularized it in the 1970s, Melodicas are classified primarily by the range of the instrument. Melodicas with different ranges have different shapes. Soprano and alto melodicas are higher-pitched and thinner sounding than tenors, some are designed to be played with both hands at once, the left hand plays the black keys, and the right hand plays the white keys. Others are played like the tenor melodica, tenor melodicas are a lower-pitched type of melodica. The left hand holds a handle on the bottom, and the hand plays the keyboard. Tenor melodicas can be played with two hands by inserting a tube into the hole and placing the melodica on a flat surface. Bass melodicas also exist, but are less common than other tenor, alto, although the majority of melodicas are made of plastic, some are made primarily of wood. The Sound Electra corporation makes the MyLodica, a wooden melodica designed. to produce a richer sound than that of its plastic relatives. The Victoria Accordion company in Castelfidardo, Italy, produces a range of wooden melodicas and accordinas that they market under the name Vibrandoneon, the melodica is known by various names, often at the whim of the manufacturer. Melodion, Triola, Melodika, Melodia, Pianica, Melodihorn and this can lead to some confusion, as many people will use different names as a blanket term to describe all of these instruments. The melodica may colloquially be referred to as a hooter and this was the source of the name for Philadelphia band, The Hooters. Melodica can be played with two hands employing an air tube, to blow air, a foot pump can also be used. Melodicas are unusual because unlike most conventional woodwind instruments, they use of a piano keyboard rather than a specialized fingering system using holes and/or buttons
13.
Mute Records
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Mute Records is a British record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Nitzer Ebb, Wire, Yeasayer, and Yazoo. During 1978, Daniel Miller began recording music using synthesisers under the name The Normal and he recorded the tracks T. V. O. D. and Warm Leatherette, and distributed them through Rough Trade Shops under the label name Mute Records. The label was formed initially just to release the one single, T. V. O. D. /Warm Leatherette became a cult hit ensuring the future of the label. Warm Leatherette was later covered by Grace Jones and Chicks on Speed, after meeting Robert Rental, Miller began recording and playing live as Robert Rental & The Normal. In 1979 the band went on tour supporting the punk band Stiff Little Fingers, in 1980, Miller released the single, Kebab-Träume, by the German band Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft, who had recently moved to London. The bands 1980 album, Die Kleinen und die Bösen, was the first album released by the new label, the album had the catalogue prefix STUMM, a play on the record labels name, meaning mute in German. This prefix would continue to be used through most of the labels album catalogue, also in 1980, Miller recorded and released the cover single, Memphis Tennessee, under the name Silicon Teens. The band was Miller’s realisation of a dream Mute Records group, in mid-1980, Mute Records released the Silicon Teens album, titled Music For Parties. Around this time the artist Fad Gadget had begun recording new demos and this was released as a single in 1980, followed by the next single Rickys Hand and the album Fireside Favourites recorded at Blackwing Studios. September 1980 saw the release of the double-holed, multi-speed 7 single by Non & Smegma, Boyd Rice went on to release several more recordings with Mute Records. After touring with Daniel Miller as Robert Rental & The Normal, Robert Rental released his only Mute Records single, Double Heart, a rare, remaining trace of this late electronic music pioneer. Miller approached Depeche Mode in 1980, after seeing them perform in London, wanting them to record a single for his label and their loyalty to Mute was reciprocated by the label’s rapid expansion to cope with their success. In defiance of the recording labels predictions of failure, Depeche Mode became a successful charting band worldwide. The bands consistency was unbroken even by the departure of principal songwriter Vince Clarke, Martin Gore took over the main songwriting role, opening the band up to different influences and sustaining their creativity as a band. Mute continued to other experimental artists, such as NON, releasing an album of Boyd Rices pre-NON recordings. 1982 began with the release of the 12-inch single, Rise, by Boyd Rice, Fad Gadget released his third album for the label, titled Under the Flag, influenced by the current Falklands War and the feeling of being British in the most unseemly of times. The album spawned the singles For Whom the Bells Toll and Life on the Line, Mute Records big commercial success of 1982 was the band Yazoo, the duo of Vince Clarke and Alison Moyet
14.
Sire Records
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Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Bros. The label was founded in 1966 as Sire Productions by Seymour Stein and Richard Gottehrer and its early releases, in 1968, were distributed by London Records. From the beginning, Sire introduced underground, progressive British bands to the American market, early releases included the Climax Blues Band, Barclay James Harvest, Tomorrow, Matthews Southern Comfort and proto-punks The Deviants. In the 70s, Sire released a number of albums, including the 3 volume History Of British Rock series, and diverse artists such as The Turtles, Duane Eddy. ABC Records inherited Sires distribution contract when it acquired Famous Music in 1974, the UK signing policy was vindicated when Climax Blues Band scored a Top 40 hit in 1977 with Couldnt Get It Right. Also in 1977, Stein, who had worked with the group in the 1960s, convinced the Shangri-Las to reform, but the trio was unhappy with the quality of material it recorded, and opted out of its contract, the tracks have yet to be released. Sire returned to distribution in 1977 with a new arrangement with Warner Bros. Records, and the year, Warner acquired Sire outright. In 1994, Sire switched distribution from Warner Bros. Records to sister label Elektra Records, Stein had been appointed president of Elektra Records under Elektras newly appointed CEO Sylvia Rhone. Sire later left Elektra in 1997, becoming a label, and, in 2000, Sire. This partnership dissolved in April 2003, at point the company went back to being called Sire Records. Currently, it signs newcomers like the Ready Set and Lights, although an agreement was made in September 2009 and the videos returned, users have to view the WMG videos within YouTube itself, as embedding codes for them have been disabled. Like Reprise Records, Sire does not have its own website and operates under WBR as an imprint
15.
Reprise Records
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Reprise Records /rəˈpriz/ is an American major record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It was mostly inactive from 1976 to 1987 and it is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Bros. Reprise Records was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Hence, he garnered the nickname The Chairman of the Board, having left Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granzs Verve Records, the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding. As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel, the label still issues any Sinatra work recorded while on the label and, after his death in 1998, it had great success with his greatest hits collections. One of the founding principles under Sinatras leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists are distributed through other labels. In Martins case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records, in 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 20% interest in the label. Many of the artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label, warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster, as well, Franks own daughter Nancy Sinatra would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys. In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. an unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels. In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academys hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed with Warner Bros. labels bearing a Reprise logo,1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President and it was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies catalogs in the U. S. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise. In September 2011, several took place at Reprise Records
16.
Depeche Mode
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Depeche Mode /dᵻˌpɛʃˈmoʊd/ are an English electronic band that formed in 1980 in Basildon, Essex. The group consists of founders Dave Gahan, Martin Gore, Depeche Mode released their debut album Speak & Spell in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Original band member Vince Clarke, left the band after the release of the album, leaving the band as a trio to record A Broken Frame, released the following year. Gore took over the songwriting duties and, later in 1982, Alan Wilder officially joined the band to fill Clarkes spot. Depeche Mode have been a trio again since 1995, when Wilder left, the bands last albums of the 1980s, Black Celebration and Music for the Masses, established them as a dominant force on the mainstream electronic music scene. A highlight of this era was the concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl. In the new decade, Depeche Mode released Violator, a mainstream success, now a trio once again, the band released Ultra in 1997, recorded at the height of Gahans near-fatal drug abuse, Gores alcoholism and seizures, and Fletchers depression. Depeche Mode have had 50 songs in the UK Singles Chart and thirteen top 10 albums in the UK chart, Q included the band in the list of the 50 Bands That Changed the World. Depeche Mode also rank number 98 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Depeche Modes origins date to 1977, when schoolmates Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher formed a Cure-influenced band called No Romance In China, with Clarke on vocals and guitar and Fletcher on bass. Fletcher would later recall, Why am I in the band and it was accidental right from the beginning. I was actually forced to be in the band, I played the guitar and I had a bass, it was a question of them roping me in. In 1979, Clarke played guitar in an Ultravox rip-off band, in 1978–79, Martin Gore played guitar in an acoustic duo, Norman and the Worms, with school friend Phil Burdett on vocals. In 1979, Marlow, Gore and friend Paul Redmond formed a band called the French Look, with Marlow on vocals/keyboards, Gore on guitar and Redmond on keyboards. In March 1980, Clarke, Gore and Fletcher formed a band called Composition of Sound, with Clarke on vocals/guitar, Gore on keyboards and Fletcher on bass. Soon after the formation of Composition of Sound, Clarke heard Wirral band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, along with OMD, other early influences included the Human League, Daniel Miller and Fad Gadget. Clarke and Fletcher switched to synthesisers, working odd jobs in order to buy or borrow the instruments from friends. Dave Gahan joined the band in 1980 after Clarke heard him perform at a scout hut jam session, singing a rendition of David Bowies Heroes. When explaining the choice for the new name taken from a French fashion magazine, Dépêche mode, Gore said, I like the sound of that
17.
Personal Jesus
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Personal Jesus is a song by the English electronic band Depeche Mode, released on 28 August 1989 as the lead single from their seventh album, Violator. The single reached No.13 on the UK Singles Chart, the song was the first single to make the US Top 40 for the band since their 1984 single People Are People and was their first gold-certified single in the US. In Germany, the single is one of the bands longest-charting songs, Personal Jesus was re-released as a single on 30 May 2011 for the new Depeche Mode remix album Remixes 2, 81–11, with the leading remix by the production team Stargate. The song was inspired by the book Elvis and Me by Priscilla Presley, according to songwriter Martin Gore, Its a song about being a Jesus for somebody else, someone to give you hope and care. Personal Jesus is written in the key of F♯ minor with a tempo of 130 beats per minute in 128 time, in mid-1989, the band began recording in Milan with record producer Flood. The result of session was the single Personal Jesus, which featured a catchy bluesy riff and drum-based sound. The song became a big hit across the world, and is one of Depeche Modes most successful songs, although not the first Depeche Mode song to feature guitar parts, it was the first time a guitar was used as a dominant instrument in a Depeche Mode song. Prior to its release, advertisements were placed in the columns of regional newspapers in the UK with the words Your own personal Jesus. Later, the ads included a number one could dial to hear the song. The ensuing controversy helped propel the single to No.13 on the UK charts, the single was particularly successful commercially thanks to the fact that it was released six months prior to the album it would later appear on. Up to that point, it was the best selling 12 single in Warner Brothers history, Personal Jesus had a plethora of remixes, almost unprecedented for Depeche Mode at the time. The Hazchemix and Hazchemix Edit of Dangerous were mixed by Daniel Miller, the back-cover of Personal Jesus features one of the band members and the back-side of a naked woman. The band member she is with depends on whether it is the 7 Vinyl, the 12 Vinyl, on some copies she does not appear at all, such as the 2004 CD re-release, and on promo copies. On some limited releases, like the GBong17, all four photos are available plus one photo of the full group. The Anton Corbijn-directed music video for Personal Jesus is his first Depeche Mode video in colour, MTV edited out some suggestive mouth movements of Martin Gore during the bridge and replaced it with some other footage from the video. All songs written by Martin Gore, the digital single was released in the UK on 18 April 2011. It was released a day later in the US, frusciante plays guitar on the track, along with Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers guitarist Mike Campbell. It appears as the B-side to another cover, Nine Inch Nails Hurt, marilyn Mansons 2004 cover version of Personal Jesus appears on the bands best-of compilation, Lest We Forget, The Best Of, and was that albums lead single
18.
Enjoy the Silence
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Enjoy the Silence is a song by the English electronic band Depeche Mode, taken from their seventh studio album, Violator. The song was recorded in 1989 and released on 16 January 1990 as the second single. The single is Gold certificated in the US and Germany, the song won Best British Single at the 1991 BRIT Awards. Enjoy the Silence was re-released as a single in 2004 for the Depeche Mode remix project Remixes 81–04, there are two instrumental B-sides to Enjoy the Silence. Sibeling is a soft piano-tune while Memphisto is a darker, eerier track, the title of Sibeling refers to Finnish classical composer Jean Sibelius. According to Martin Gore, Memphisto is the name of a film about Elvis as a Devil. The Anton Corbijn-directed music video for Enjoy the Silence references the themes, brief flashes of a single rose appear throughout the scenes. When Corbijn presented the concept of the video to the band and they changed their minds, when he explained that the idea was that the King represented a man with everything in the world, just looking for a quiet place to sit, a king of no kingdom. Andy Fletcher jokes that he favoured the video only had to do about an hours worth of work. The video uses a different mix of the album version of the song that has not been released in any audio format. The final long shots of the king walking through the snow are not Gahan but rather the videos producer, Gahan had left the set, tired of the cold in Switzerland. There are in two edited versions of the Corbijn-directed video. One version - which appears to be the earlier version - begins with Andy Fletcher looking towards his right as the song begins. Shots of Dave Gahan dressed as a king singing directly to the camera are intercut with scenes of his walking through the Scottish Highlands, the coast of Portugal, the video ends with Gahan singing the last line, Enjoy the silence. Then putting his finger in front of his lips as if to quiet the viewer, the other version begins with Martin Gore looking to his right as the song begins. This version omits the shots of Gahan singing directly to the camera, the video ends with Gahan sitting on a deck chair in the snow while the last line, Enjoy the silence. There are also differences in the shots of the band standing together between the two versions. In a review, Tim Di Gravina wrote that Enjoy the Silence is one of Depeche Modes greatest songs with a pristine and lush yet punishing musical environment and lyrics of violence, in 1998, Failure covered the song for the Depeche Mode tribute album For the Masses
19.
Stripped (song)
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Stripped is Depeche Modes fifteenth UK single, released on 10 February 1986. It was the first single from the album Black Celebration, Stripped is well known for its innovative use of sampling. The underlying beat is a distorted and slowed-down sound of an engine running, while the main melody begins with a cars ignition starting. The bands U. S. label Sire Records, however, decided to use the B-side But Not Tonight on the soundtrack to the movie Modern Girls and included the song on US editions of Black Celebration. As a result, the single was flipped, and released as But Not Tonight in the United States to help promote the movie, the band was not happy with this decision, seeing But Not Tonight as a useless pop track recorded in less than a day. The other two B-Sides are Breathing in Fumes and Black Day, Breathing in Fumes was a new song using samples from Stripped, mixed by the band and Thomas Stiehler. The Highland Mix of Stripped was mixed by Mark Ellis, who in the future would produce Depeche Modes Violator and Songs of Faith, some editions of the Black Celebration CD include the extended remix of But Not Tonight along with Black Day and Breathing in Fumes as bonus tracks. The music video for Stripped was the last Depeche Mode video to be directed by Peter Care and was filmed outside of Hansa Studios in Berlin, the music video for But Not Tonight was directed by Tamra Davis. Two differently cut versions of both Stripped and But Not Tonight are available on Video Singles Collection, Stripped was featured in the film Say Anything. The 12 mix later appeared on the fourth disc of Depeche Modes remix compilation, Remixes 81–04. Stripped –6,42 But Not Tonight –5,12 Breathing in Fumes –6,07 Fly on the Windscreen –4,24 Black Day –2,37 This is the UK Extended 12 version. Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein released a cover of Stripped in 1998 and this version cuts the line Let me see you stripped down to the bone to Let me see you stripped, which was due to singer Till Lindemanns difficulty singing down to the bone. The song was originally on the tribute album For the Masses, the song also appears as a hidden track on some special editions of the bands sophomore release Sehnsucht. It was the first English song released by the band, the video for the song incorporated footage from the Leni Riefenstahl Nazi propaganda film Olympia, which led to threats against the band. Members of Depeche Mode, especially Dave Gahan, responded positively to the cover, also, in 1997, the Swedish electro/synth-pop band Statemachine released a version of Stripped on their album Legerdemain. The Italian progressive death/doom metal band Novembre covered Stripped on the album 1995 album Arte Novecento The USA one-man based black metal Leviathan covered Stripped on Demo Five, in 2001, Scott Weiland of Stone Temple Pilots covered But Not Tonight for the soundtrack to Not Another Teen Movie. In 2004, German techno band Scooter covered Stripped on their album Mind the Gap, in 2007, they produced a download-only orchestral version of the song. In 2005, Shiny Toy Guns covered Stripped on Goth Electro Tribute to Depeche Mode, the single can also be found in the second version of their 2005 album We Are Pilots in addition to Blood & Chocolate, Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
20.
It's No Good
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Its No Good is Depeche Modes 32nd UK single, released on 31 March 1997, and the second single for the then upcoming album Ultra. It reached number 5 in the UK Singles Chart and its No Good is a moodily rhythmic song with a distinct lyrical hook in the chorus, It played well on American radio and MTV. The Speedy J Mix made it onto Remixes 81–04 in 2004, as did the Club 69 Future Mix, the B-side is another instrumental, called Slowblow. It was the last actual B-side from the Ultra era, making the album the only one by Depeche Mode to not have a non-remix/non-live vocal B-side track, the instrumental itself is slow and moody. On 15 May 1997, the band went on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and performed the song and it was the first time they performed a song on an American TV show since 1988, when they performed Strangelove. The Hardfloor Mix of the song was featured briefly in the Friends episode The One with Joeys Dirty Day and its No Good was also used in an episode of Nash Bridges. Electronic musician Brian Transeau created a remix for the song and that remix, though, was never released publicly. Chevelle covered Its No Good on 2002s Wonder Whats Next Deluxe Version, the Dreaming also covered the song on their 2011 album Puppet. The music video for Its No Good was directed by Anton Corbijn, an alternate video was recorded for Its No Good in 2001 as a screen projection for the Exciter Tour. All songs written by Martin Gore and its No Good Its No Good Its No Good Its No Good Its No Good The Motor Bass Mix is a vinyl edit, and not the same as the ones on the CDs
21.
In Your Room (Depeche Mode song)
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The song reached number 8 in the UK Singles Chart. The version of In Your Room used for the release is the Zephyr Mix. Other official single remixes include the Apex Mix, produced by Brian Eno, which sounds closer to the version, and Johnny Dollars The Jeep Rock Mix. During concerts in 1993 and early 1994, the version was played live. From the 1998 Singles Tour onwards, the Zephyr Mix of the song has played live instead. However, during the 2009 Tour of the Universe a mixture of both versions was played live. The single was released in a special foldout digipak with room to three different versions of the In Your Room single, the original release, a live disc. The b-sides consist of a remix of album track Higher Love, Depeche Modes first appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman, filmed during a stop on their The Singles Tour, featured an abbreviated version of In Your Room. In 2003, Fallon Bowmans band, Amphibious Assault, covered the song for their debut LP District Six, in 2015 the industrial rock band Latexxx Teens has released a cover version of the song, as tribute to Depeche Mode. Corbijn described the video as a retrospective of the work he had done with Depeche Mode and he said he made it that way because he was sure lead singer Dave Gahan was going to die before Depeche Mode could release more songs. The video features Alexandra Kummer, who sometimes is partially clothed, because of the partial nudity and scenes of bondage, the video only aired after prime time on MTV in the US. Since the video had limited screen play the single was not a hit in the US. This is the last Depeche Mode single with Alan Wilder as a member. All songs written by Martin Gore and this one came with the box, with space to hold the other two, LCDBong24 and XLCDBong24, which were released on cardboard sleeve. Single information from the official Depeche Mode web site Allmusic song review Allmusic US CD single review Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
22.
Strangelove (song)
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Strangelove is a single by Depeche Mode from their sixth studio album Music for the Masses. It reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, number 2 in West Germany and in South Africa, and was a Top 10 success in several other countries, including Sweden and Switzerland. In the US it reached number 76 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was the first of 9 number-ones on the US Dance charts, the original version of Strangelove is a fast-paced pop track. Though successful, this did not seem to fit with Music for the Massess darker style, alan Wilder, in the Q&A section of his Recoil website, writes that the band felt the single version was too cluttered and was the reason Millers remix was commissioned. Miller expounded on this in the Music for the Masses re-master documentary DVD, stating he felt the single version was too complicated. It was remixed by production team Bomb the Bass and released again as a single in the US as Strangelove 88, there are two B-sides for Strangelove, both instrumental. Pimpf is an instrumental that is mostly piano, named after a magazine of the Hitler Youth organizations. Pimpf later shows up as the track on Music for the Masses. There is also an available on some Strangelove single releases called Fpmip. The second instrumental is Agent Orange, named after the herbicide used in the Vietnam War, at the end of the song, you can hear some Morse code. Rumoured to mean If anybody can hear this, please help me, Agent Orange later shows up as the first bonus track on the CD/Cassette version of Music for the Masses. The music video for Strangelove was directed by Anton Corbijn and appears on the Strange video, shot on Super 8 and monochrome, the video sees the band in various Paris locations, hotel rooms and in a studio posing in front of a rolling backdrop. The live action is combined with short stop-frame animation sequences, the video also stars two models in underwear, as well as passing pedestrians, featured in the closing out-takes sequence of fast-edit shots. In the USA, MTV objected to some of the more revealing footage of the models, while Gore plays the piano in the video, it is Wilder who plays the piano on all piano-instrumentals by the band from 1987–1990 as well as Somebody. In 1988, another video for Strangelove was released for the album version and it was directed by Martyn Atkins, who did photography for earlier DM albums. It was not publicly released on any videocassettes or DVDs until the The Videos 86>98+ DVD in 2002 and this video is much simpler than the original, and features the band performing inside a city-scape location. Strangelove has been sampled in the songs Life Aint a Game by Ja Rule, I Wont Be Crying by Infernal, Fuck You Blind by Kid Rock, in 1994, Italian musician Savage covered the song for his album Strangelove. Both songs were released as free mp3 downloads from Guccis YouTube page, Strangelove was covered by English musician Bat For Lashes during her appearances in June 2011 at the Sydney Opera House Concert Hall for the annual arts/entertainment/music festival Vivid Live
23.
I Feel You
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I Feel You is a song by Depeche Mode, released on 15 February 1993 as their 27th UK single and the first single from the album Songs of Faith and Devotion. The song peaked at eight on the UK Singles Chart and also made number one. It was the bands highest-charting single worldwide, the song is ostensibly about connection between two individuals. I Feel You demonstrates a more rock-oriented sound, using more instruments than ever before. For example, Alan Wilder plays drums, and Martin Gore plays the guitar, I Feel You has a compound time signature of 6/8. The 7 version of I Feel You is the same as the album version, the Throb Mix is a 12 version, but with incomplete lyrics. On the cover of I Feel You, there are four symbols, using the latter, the top left corner is Alan Wilder, the top right corner is Dave Gahan, the bottom left corner is Martin Gore, and the bottom right corner is Andy Fletcher. The single release contained One Caress, a track from Songs of Faith, in the USA, Sire/Reprise released One Caress as a promo-only single. One promo copy has the version, and the other has the version from Songs of Faith. There is no remix for the song, the music video for I Feel You was directed by Anton Corbijn. The woman in the video was English actress Lysette Anthony, there is also a music video for One Caress, directed by Kevin Kerslake, that was filmed during one of the off-days of the Devotional Tour in the US. It was a video that was later released on The Videos 86>98. Prior to its inclusion on The Videos 86>98, the video for One Caress was frequently broadcast on MTVs Alternative Rock video block 120 Minutes. On 2 September 1993, I Feel You was nominated in the MTV Video Music Awards, the song was also used in a scene in Fatih Akins Turkish-German film Gegen die Wand. Spanish band OBK did a cover using I Feel You lyrics and it was later released on Sleeping with Ghosts for the 2 CD version, which included a covers album. Polish death metal band Vader covered the song on their album, Future of the Past, the song title on this album was shortened into the acronym I. F. Y. and the lyrics were heavily altered. The song also appears on editions of Vaders 1995 album De Profundis. Swiss industrial metal band Samael covered the song on their On Earth EP, the Argentinian rock band Catupecu Machu recorded a cover for the hidden track on their album Cuentos Decapitados
24.
People Are People
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People Are People is Depeche Modes 10th UK single, and was recorded at Hansa Mischraum in West Berlin, and released on 12 March 1984. It was their first hit single in the US and the first single from the Some Great Reward album, People Are People was written by Martin Gore, but the dancy, pop feel of the song may be credited to Alan Wilder. Wilder wrote the B-side, In Your Memory, each song has an extended remix, the Different Mix and the Slik Mix respectively. It was one of the first songs recorded for the album sessions began at the Hansa Mischraum studio in January 1984. The Clive Richardson-directed People Are People video was released in 2 versions, the original video was made for the single version, but an alternate video was made with the Different Mix. The music video featured footage of military scenes from the Cold War. The Different Mix video appears on Some Great Videos and Video Singles Collection, despite the songs success, Martin Gore considers it as one of his least favourite songs. He prefers his songs to have subtle metaphors to allow people to find their own meanings to his songs and it has not been played live since 1988. A compilation album titled People Are People was released in the US, the single itself was released in the USA on 11 July 1984, though it did not reach the Billboard Hot 100 chart until May 1985, and initially was played only on modern rock and college radio. The single would peak at no.13. In the UK, the reached number 4, which was at the time the bands highest singles chart position in their homeland. Since then, Barrel of a Gun and Precious have also reached number 4 in the UK. In West Germany, the song was a no.1 hit and was used as the theme to West German TVs coverage of the 1984 Olympics and it was also used as the theme song of the 1990s BBC Childrens factual TV series, Itll Never Work. In 2011 the song was included on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames list of the 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and his version, which features Tom Trujillo, was released as a retail single on 26 January 2006 to promote the remix album ReWorked. It peaked at no.10 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, christian techno/alternative band Code of Ethics also remade the single in 2008 on their Lost in Egypt disc. German industrial/gothic metal band Atrocity also recorded a version of the song for their 2008 covers album Werk 80 II. Memphis rapper Cities Aviv sampled People are People on the song Die Young from his 2011 album Digital Lows, in February 2012, People Are People was covered by James Whetzel for his Sarod & Beats Covers series. The piece was re-imagined with all acoustic hand percussion taking the place of drum machines, Sarod and violin play the role of the synthesizers in the original tune
25.
Master and Servant
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Master and Servant is Depeche Modes eleventh UK single and the second single from the Some Great Reward album. Its subject matter is BDSM relationships, which caused some controversy and it reached number 9 in the UK Singles Chart, number 49 in the American dance chart and number 87 on the Billboard Hot 100. Reportedly, the narrowly avoided a radio ban by the BBC as well. The production and mixing process of Master and Servant are remembered by Alan Wilder, Daniel Miller, Some of the sounds on Master and Servant, such as the whip effect, are based on Daniel Miller standing in the studio hissing and spitting. According to the band, they tried to sample a real whip, the Slavery Whip Mix was the longest 12 Depeche Mode song at the time, with the outro being turned into a swing version of the refrain. The Voxless version is a mix of the song. The B-side is Remotivate Me, featuring a 12-inch Release Mix, the 7 version edits out much of the beginning. Some versions include a song called Are People People, which uses samples from People Are People along with chanting. And Master and Servant appear on Remixes 81–04 in 2004 and they are remixed by Adrian Sherwood. –4,29 Remotivate Me –4,12 Track 1 was re-released on the 2- and 3-disc CD versions of Remixes 81–04, Master and Servant –8,02 Remotivate Me –7,59 Are People People. Master and Servant information from the official Depeche Mode web site AllMusic review Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
26.
Precious (Depeche Mode song)
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Precious is Depeche Modes forty-first single, and the first single from the album Playing the Angel. It was released on 3 October 2005 in the UK by Mute Records and 11 October 2005 in the US by Sire/Reprise. The single reached No.4 in the UK, No.71 on the Hot 100 and it was the bands first single of original music in more than three years. Precious was released to radio stations and as a digital download on 22 August 2005. Since its live debut, Precious has been played at every Depeche Mode concert between 2005 and 2014, to accompany the new single and album, a program called the Depeche Mode Receiver was released. The video for Precious received its premiere via this program on 12 September 2005. An early version of the video was leaked to the internet long before the song was even out, in fact, the digital download may not have even been released if not for the leak, which was widespread within days. The music video for Precious features the band performing on an empty, computer-generated cruise ship, the video was directed by Uwe Flade, who directed the Enjoy the Silence 04 video. It is streamable for free on the Depeche Mode website in the archives, free is the B-side to Precious. Its a techno beat with an old school feel and it was unavailable in the US, aside from importing, but is now available on iTunes. It also appears as a track on the Japanese version of Playing the Angel. Precious was also featured in Smallville, Charmed, Bones and CSI, trance act Blank & Jones remixed the single though their production has yet to be released. However, they have played their remix out during their live DJ sets, tangerine Dream, in their 2010 album Under Cover – Chapter One. The single was released to digital downloads and to shops on the day,3 October 2005. It was added to XFMs playlist in mid-September and it also made it to BBC Radio 2s A-List. On 2 October 2005 it reached No.49 on the UK airplay chart, jumping to No.27 on 16 October 2005. On 9 October 2005 the single debuted at No.4 on the UK Singles Chart, giving them their highest UK chart position in eight years, the single spent a total of five weeks on the chart. Precious reached No.71 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No.23 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart and it was Depeche Modes first single to make either chart since 2001s Dream On
27.
A Question of Time
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A Question of Time is Depeche Modes seventeenth UK single, released on 11 August 1986, following the similarly titled A Question of Lust single. The single charts 17 in UK single charts. The 7 remix of A Question of Time runs at a faster tempo. A version of the remix with a faster tempo appeared on The Singles 86-98. There is no new track for a B-Side, but instead includes a remix of Black Celebration, the New Town Remix directly segues into the Live Remix on the limited 12 single. The music video for A Question of Time is the first DM video to be directed by Anton Corbijn, and was the start of a relationship with him and the band which still lasts to this day. It was included on the Strange video, The Videos 86-98, the DVD of The Best of Depeche Mode Volume 1 and on Video Singles Collection. A Question of Time –6,38 Stripped –6,22 Black Celebration –6,05 Something to Do –3,50 A Question of Time –4,04 Live tracks recorded on 10 April 1986 at the Birmingham N. E. C. Gore All live tracks were recorded at the Birmingham N. E. C. on 10 April 1986, the music video features all of the band members holding babies. In the beginning of the video, Alan Wilder is shown on a porch waiting for something. A man dressed almost like a daredevil rides a motorcycle with a baby and he drives to Alan on the porch and hands him the baby. The video shows the members of the band holding a baby. One baby grabs onto Martins hair and yanks it profusely while he smiles, dutch electronic band Clan of Xymox recorded the song on their cover theme album Kindred Spirits Single information from the official Depeche Mode web site Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
28.
Policy of Truth
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Policy of Truth is a song by English electronic band Depeche Mode, released in May 1990 as the third single from their seventh studio album Violator. It also became the bands second chart-topper on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, françois Kevorkian mixed a new single version for the release, extending it slightly while lowering the tempo, and also making Dave Gahans vocals more prominent. He also mixed the Beat Box Mix and the Pavlovs Dub, the Trancentral Mix is by The KLF, a popular Acid House band at that time and one of only 3 occasions they did remix work for other artists. The Capitol Mix uses the sample I want to tell you my side of the case from the Checkers speech by Richard Nixon, a version of Kaleid was used as intro music for Depeche Modes World Violation Tour in 1990. The music video for Policy of Truth is directed by Anton Corbijn and appears on the VHS collection Strange Too
29.
Everything Counts
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Everything Counts is a 1983 single by the electronic band Depeche Mode from the album Construction Time Again. The single was re-released on 13 February 1989 to support the live album 101, the single introduced a transition in lyrical content for the group. Everything Counts specifically addresses the issue of corporate greed and corruption during the 1980s Britain, perhaps surprisingly, the single was released at a time when the band itself was not under a formal contract with Mute Records. In addition to found sounds used as samples, the single samples a variety of musical instruments, such as the xylophone. It was also the first song in the catalogue which includes both of the bands singers prominently. Lead singer Dave Gahan sings the vocals on the verses. When the song has performed live, the chorus has been sung by all of the bands musicians except Gahan. The song would quickly catch on as a fan favourite at the bands concerts, and was used as the opening song for the Construction Time Again tour. During the Music for the Masses Tour, the band used Everything Counts as the encore and in 1989. All live tracks from the release were recorded on 18 June 1988 at the Pasadena Rose Bowl during the performance of the aforementioned Music for the Masses Tour. This version of the song is famous for the recording of the crowd continuing to sing the chorus long after the music had stopped and it also appears in Devotional as the closer. It was played during the first two legs of Touring the Angel in the first encore, and also appears on the Touring the Angel, Everything Counts was also remixed and re-released in 2006. The Oliver Huntemann & Stephan Bodzin Dub is featured on the limited release of the single Martyr. An unreleased Oliver Huntemann & Stephan Bodzin remix contains more vocal parts from the original version, the music video for Everything Counts was directed by Clive Richardson in West Berlin. The band returned to Richardson after not being satisfied with the work of Julien Temple for the A Broken Frame singles, Richardson had previously directed the video for Just Cant Get Enough two years earlier. According to Alan Wilder, It was felt that after the Julien Temple years, we needed to harden up not only our sound, Clive had lots of new ideas which didnt involve stupid storyboards where we were required to act. In the original video, the xylophone, the melodica, and the shawm are played by Alan Wilder, Martin Gore. The shawm, however, is produced by a synthesizer on the studio recording, in this video, frontman Dave Gahan for the first time appeared blonde-haired, losing his natural black colour of hair
30.
Behind the Wheel
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Behind the Wheel is Depeche Modes twentieth UK single, released on 28 December 1987, and the third single for the album Music for the Masses. Peaking at #21 in the UK charts, it hit #6 in West Germany, in 1989, the single was ranked #30 on Spin magazines list of the The 100 Greatest Singles Of All Time. Behind the Wheel was written by Martin Gore, route 66 was written by Robert William Troup Jr. The video features a remix of the song, although a video also exists set to the original album version. Behind the Wheel 2011 is a US-only promotional CD single, released 2011, the title track is a remix made by former Depeche Mode member Vince Clarke for the bands Remixes 2, 81-11 album. The single was only, and not for sale. It reached No.3 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in 2011
31.
Shake the Disease
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Band member Alan Wilder felt this song captured the essence of the band, saying that theres a certain edge to what we do that can make people think twice about things. If weve got a choice between calling a song Understand Me or Shake the Disease, well call it Shake the Disease, theres a lot of perversity and innuendo in our lyrics, but nothing direct. The music video is the first Depeche Mode video directed by Peter Care and it was shot in the town of Hounslow in London. The track reached the top 40 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in November 1985 and it reached number 18 in the UK singles chart. The single reached the Top 10 in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, etc. the song entered the Irish top 10 and even reached the number 1 spot in Poland. In France, Shake the Disease peaked at number 13, remaining in the top 50 for six months, los Angeles modern rock radio station KROQ-FM named Shake the Disease as the number one song of 1985. All songs written by Martin Gore, the song was covered by the Belgian band Hooverphonic for the 1998 tribute album For the Masses
32.
Never Let Me Down Again
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Never Let Me Down Again is Depeche Modes nineteenth UK single, released on 24 August 1987, and the second single for the then upcoming album Music for the Masses. A relatively moderate hit in the UK at number 22, it was a smash in West Germany, where it hit number 2, the cover art features fragments of a Soviet map of Russia and Europe, with different fragments used for the different editions of the single. Studio impresario Alan Wilder and the members of the band considered the track an obvious single with much potential. They developed it throughout so that dramatic-type elements such as the Led Zeppelin-influenced drum patterns, the coda of Never Let Me Down Again references Soft Cells song Torch. The main remix version of the track, known as the Split Mix, the 12 maxi release stretched to exactly nine and a half minutes long. Oddly enough, despite the results from the point of view of the band. The song became a favourite among fans, especially live, shows during Depeche Modes 1988 tour were often concluded with this song. Notable in the 101 video is when Dave Gahan waves his arms in the air toward the end of the song, and it is now customary at Depeche Mode shows for fans to wave their arms in the air during the coda section of Never Let Me Down Again. The main 12 remix of Never Let Me Down Again is known as the Split Mix, as stated above, in detail, the remix features the regular song, an added intro piece, and a techno-like musical arrangement appended at the end. The arrangement was expanded to the Aggro Mix on the 12 B-side, the Split Mix appears on the album collection Remixes 81–04, a release that came out on October 2004. Another remix of the track, done by the German group Digitalism and that remix appears on the bands remix compilation Remixes 2, 81–11 as well. Eric Prydz also remixed the song for this album, there are two music videos for Never Let Me Down Again, directed by Anton Corbijn. There is also a video with just the single version of the song. The short version appears on The Videos 86>98, the DVD of The Best of Depeche Mode Volume 1, pleasure, Little Treasure is a short dance track. An extended version called the Glitter Mix ends with fragments of recordings that have been reversed and treated with delay effects. Notably, some of these sounds can be heard in the track Mothers Talk from the 1985 Tears for Fears album Songs from the Big Chair, which was engineered by Dave Bascombe. The Glitter Mix showed up as a track on the CD/Cassette versions of Music for the Masses. The rarer b-side is To Have and To Hold, Martin Gores original plan for the song sounded a lot like upbeat electropop, but Alan Wilder turned it into the dark wave track it eventually became
33.
Blasphemous Rumours / Somebody
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Blasphemous Rumours/Somebody is Depeche Modes twelfth UK single and first double A-side single, released on 29 October 1984. Both A-side songs are from the album Some Great Reward, somebody is the first single with Martin Gore as lead vocals, one of only three. The music videos for songs were directed by Clive Richardson. The single charts number 16 in UK single charts, the verses to Blasphemous Rumours describe a 16-year-old girl who attempts suicide but fails. She experiences a religious revival but is killed in a car accident aged 18 and dies. The chorus uses these incidents to conclude, I dont want to start any blasphemous rumours / but I think that Gods got a sense of humour /. Like other songs on Some Great Reward, the uses a dense sound with extensive sampled percussion. No Bong number, same cover as the vinyl version, Filipino R&B band Freestyle revived the song in mid-2000s, the band is the first Filipino musician to cover the song. Filipino musical group BoybandPH is the second Filipino musician to cover the song in 2017, english singer Damian Wilson covered the song for his 2016 solo album Built For Fighting. Single information from the official Depeche Mode web site Allmusic review Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
34.
A Question of Lust
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A Question of Lust is Depeche Modes sixteenth UK single, released on 14 April 1986. It is the second Depeche Mode single with Martin Gore on lead vocals, after Somebody, however, the 12 single was released as a double A-side with A Question of Time in the US, like Somebody. The single hit number 28 in the UK single charts, in West Germany, the single became a top ten hit on the sales chart. The B-side is an instrumental called Christmas Island, named after the island of the same name and it is penned by both Martin Gore and Alan Wilder and was produced by Depeche Mode themselves. The live tracks available on versions of the single are taken from a 1984 concert in Basel. The music video for A Question of Lust features the return of director Clive Richardson for his last video with the band. It also became the last music video the band filmed before the arrival of Dutch director Anton Corbijn, a Question of Lust –4,29 Christmas Island –4,51 The Single version is basically the Album version, but without the cross-fade from the previous track. CBong11 was released as a 12 single in Germany and as a very rare CD single in France. Alan Wilder is quoted as saying that when Flood eventually delivered his remix of A Question Of Lust and they were understandably annoyed therefore when it emerged that Mute Records hadnt actually sent him both the multitrack tapes. The only difference between the Edit and the single version is that it is faded about 20 seconds earlier. It was released in 1986 All songs written by Martin L. Gore, except Christmas Island was written by Martin Gore and Alan Wilder, Single information from the official Depeche Mode web site Allmusic review Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
35.
Ivor Novello Awards
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The Ivor Novello Awards, named after the Cardiff-born entertainer Ivor Novello, are awards for songwriting and composing. They have been presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors since 1955, nicknamed The Ivors, the awards take place each May and are sponsored by PRS for Music. They are respected worldwide as the platform for recognising and rewarding Britain. The Ivors remain the only award ceremony in the calendar that is not influenced by publishers and record companies. The Award itself is a bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the muse of lyric poetry. In 2008 Amy Winehouse received three nominations for Ivors, including two nominations in the same category, in 2010, an Ivor was awarded for the first time to a video game soundtrack, the PS3 title, Killzone 2, composed by Joris de Man. Category, Ivor Novello Award winners List of Ivor Novello Award winners TheIvors. co. uk - Official website BASCA Bucks Music Group - Ivor Novello Awards
36.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
37.
African Americans
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African Americans are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American, Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of 73. 2–80. 9% West African, 18–24% European, according to US Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities, immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, believed to be inferior to white people, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U. S. citizenship to whites only, in 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony, the ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic, the settlers and the slaves who had not escaped returned to Haiti, whence they had come. The first recorded Africans in British North America were 20 and odd negroes who came to Jamestown, as English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Typically, young men or women would sign a contract of indenture in exchange for transportation to the New World, the landowner received 50 acres of land from the state for each servant purchased from a ships captain. An indentured servant would work for years without wages. The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery, servants could be bought, sold, or leased and they could be physically beaten for disobedience or running away. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom and they raised families, married other Africans and sometimes intermarried with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. In 1640, the Virginia General Court recorded the earliest documentation of slavery when they sentenced John Punch. One of Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would own one of the first black slaves, John Casor
38.
G.I. (military)
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G. I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces—and for U. S. Marines and sailors—and also for general items of their equipment, the term G. I. has been used as an initialism of Government Issue or General Issue, but it originally referred to galvanized iron, as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces. The letters G. I. were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron, such as trash cans, in U. S. Army inventories. During World War I, American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as G. I. cans, also during that war, G. I. started being interpreted as Government Issue or General Issue for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen. The term G. I. came into use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System in 1940. Next, the use of G. I. expanded from 1942 through 1945, the American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that the truly heroic figure of this war G. I. Joe and his counterpart in the air, the navy, G. I. was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force. Digger —A similar term used in Australia Dogface Doughboy Folk etymology G. I
39.
Southern United States
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The Southern United States, commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America. The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States, arizona and New Mexico, which are geographically in the southern part of the country, are rarely considered part, while West Virginia, which separated from Virginia in 1863, commonly is. Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries, while the states of Delaware and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War, they remained with the Union. However, the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South, usually, the South is defined as including the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles, and cuisines, the Southern ethnic heritage is diverse and includes strong European, African, and some Native American components. Since the late 1960s, black people have many offices in Southern states, especially in the coastal states of Virginia. Historically, the South relied heavily on agriculture, and was rural until after 1945. It has since become more industrialized and urban and has attracted national and international migrants, the American South is now among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. Houston is the largest city in the Southern United States, sociological research indicates that Southern collective identity stems from political, demographic, and cultural distinctiveness from the rest of the United States. The region contains almost all of the Bible Belt, an area of high Protestant church attendance and predominantly conservative, indeed, studies have shown that Southerners are more conservative than non-Southerners in several areas, including religion, morality, international relations and race relations. Apart from its climate, the experience in the South increasingly resembles the rest of the nation. The arrival of millions of Northerners and millions of Hispanics meant the introduction of cultural values, the process has worked both ways, however, with aspects of Southern culture spreading throughout a greater portion of the rest of the United States in a process termed Southernization. The question of how to define the subregions in the South has been the focus of research for nearly a century, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, the Southern region of the United States includes sixteen states. As of 2010, an estimated 114,555,744 people, or thirty-seven percent of all U. S. residents, lived in the South, the nations most populous region. Other terms related to the South include, The Old South, the New South, usually including the South Atlantic States. The Solid South, region largely controlled by the Democratic Party from 1877 to 1964, before that, blacks were elected to national office and many to local office through the 1880s, Populist-Republican coalitions gained victories for Fusionist candidates for governors in the 1890s. Includes at least all the 11 former Confederate States, Southeastern United States, usually including the Carolinas, the Virginias, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. The Deep South, various definitions, usually including Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, occasionally, parts of adjoining states are included
40.
James Hornsby School
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The James Hornsby School is a co-educational secondary school located in Laindon, in the Borough of Basildon, Essex, England. It was formed from the merger in 1998 of the Laindon School and Nicholas Comprehensive, the name James Hornsby comes from the name of the last headmaster who taught at the nearby St. Nicholas Church in the 19th Century. The school became an academy in October 2012 and changed the name from James Hornsby High to James Hornsby School, the school is also working with The King John School in South Benfleet. In 2005, James Hornsby was reported to be the 69th most improved school in the country by the Department for Education. The school has two main buildings, the main three-story building accommodates the English and media, science, mathematics and IT departments. The science laboratories had major refurbishment in 2010, the building also has a series of one storey blocks which house the language, visual arts, PE, health and social care, music and dance departments. The reception, cafeteria, library and staff offices are located in the main building. The second building is the Humanities Block and this also has a main three-storey block which accommodates the history, geography, RE, classical civilisations. The building also has another block within containing two IT rooms, drama, resistant materials, food technology, graphic design and public services departments, the servery is also located in this block as an alternative food vendor to the cafeteria. A third building has been added to the campus, opened in October 2010, the school has a sports hall, gymnasium, two performing arts studios, large assembly hall and a swimming pool. In July 2010, the hall underwent work to make a new corridor. The new extension has been designed to meet Disability Discrimination Act 2005 guidelines, the extension has two floors, the top floor acting as a further class room and observation room into the sports hall. On the lower floor there is a toilet and another observation room for the swimming pool that is hired out. The uniform at James Hornsby was changed in September 2012 from blazers and yellow and blue ties to black jumpers with the new logo JHS and new school ties with black trousers. All pupils study English, mathematics, science, ICT, PE, RE, pupils in years 7 and 8 also study modern languages, art, music, drama, dance, food technology, graphic design, history and geography. These are offered as options in years 9,10 and 11, along with services, health and social care. Years 9,10 and 11 also do ASDAN, several members of Depeche Mode attended Nicholas School and the band played their first gig there. The singer Alison Moyet is another former Nicholas pupil, James Hornsbys website Essex BSF Schools
41.
Basildon
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Basildon /ˈbæzɪldən/ is the largest town in the borough of Basildon in the county of Essex, England. It lies 32 miles east of Central London,11 miles south of the city of Chelmsford and 10 miles west of Southend-on-Sea, nearby smaller towns include Billericay to the north, Wickford northeast and South Benfleet to the east. It was created as a new town after World War II in 1948 to accommodate the London population overspill, from the conglomeration of four villages, namely Pitsea, Laindon, Basildon. The new town took the name Basildon was the most central of the four. Basildon Town is one of the most densely populated areas in the county, Basildon also has access to the City via road, on the A127, and A13. The first historical reference to Basildon is in records from 1086 and it is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Belesduna. The name Basildon may be derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Boerthal, in historical documents, this name had various forms over the centuries, including Berdlesdon, Batlesdon and Belesduna. A significant number of residents do commute to London. In the 1940s, Billericay Urban District Council and Essex County Council, concerned by lack of amenities in the area and by its development, Basildon was one of eight New Towns created in the South East of England after the passing of the New Towns Act. On 4 January 1949 Lewis Silkin, Minister of Town and Country Planning, Basildon Development Corporation was formed in February 1949 to transform the designated area into a modern new town. The New Town incorporated Laindon and Pitsea and was laid out around small neighbourhoods with the first house being completed in June 1951, the first tenants moved into homes in Redgrave Road in Vange. A large, illuminated town sign Basildon Town Centre Site at 3.5 feet was erected in 1956 by the railway, the first leader elected for the local government district in 1974 was Ryan ORourke. Unusually, since March 2010 Basildon has a famous white Hollywood sign, reading Basildon, at five feet tall. Opponents from all parties believe spending could have been directed toward social problems, the constituency of Basildon was considered a barometer of public opinion in general elections. The results of the elections have been the same as the overall result of general elections since 1983. Basildon was said to epitomise the working class conversion to Thatcherism during the 1980s, nor did the Conservative Party ever hold an absolute majority in the town - its success was due to the split between the SDP and the Labour Party. Basildon Man or Essex Man was coined to describe an aspirational working class voter, the current MP is Tory politician John Baron. Due to boundary changes, in the 2010 General Election the Basildon and Billericay constituency elected 1 MP and South Basildon, in terms of local politics Basildon District elects five Councillors to Essex County Council
42.
Andy Fletcher (musician)
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Andrew John Leonard Fletcher, popularly known as Fletch, is an English keyboard player and founding member of the electronic band Depeche Mode. In the late 1970s, Fletcher and schoolmate Vince Clarke formed the short-lived band No Romance in China, in 1980, Fletcher met Martin Gore at the Van Gogh Pub on Paycocke Road in Basildon. With Clarke, the trio, now all on synthesizer, formed another group called Composition of Sound, Clarke left the group in late 1981, shortly after the release of their debut album Speak & Spell. Their 1982 follow-up, A Broken Frame, was recorded as a trio, musician & producer Alan Wilder joined the band in late 1982 and the group continued as a quartet until Wilders departure in 1995. Since then, the trio of Gahan, Gore and Fletcher have remained active, most recently with the release of their 2017 album Spirit. Fletchers role within Depeche Mode has often been a topic of speculation, in early incarnations of the band, he played bass. As the band evolved after Vince Clarkes departure in 1981, Fletchers role changed as each of the members took to the areas that suited them. In a key scene in D. A. Pennebakers 1989 documentary film about the band, Fletcher clarifies these roles, Martins the songwriter, Alans the good musician, Daves the vocalist and he is the only member of the band who has not received a songwriting credit. Fletcher, however, always has and continues to play a role within the band. With the band having not always employed a manager, Fletcher has handled many of the bands business, legal. In recent years, this has included acting as the bands spokesperson and he is also said to be the member who is the tiebreaker and the one that brings the band together. In the studio and during shows, Fletcher does contribute a variety of supporting synthesizer parts, including bass parts, pads, strings and drone sounds. However, he is notably the only member of Depeche Mode who does not sing, although he can be seen singing in videos of Depeches past live performances, usually Fletchers vocals were either mixed very low or heard only through his own stage monitors. On the bands 2013/14 Delta Machine Tour, vocal mics were no longer present on his keyboard station, on studio recordings, however, Fletchers supporting vocals can be heard in some form or another on the majority of all Depeche Mode albums released since 1981. According to anecdotes from various members of Depeche Mode, an Andy Fletcher solo album entitled Toast Hawaii was recorded in Berlin during the Some Great Reward sessions in 1984, according to these anecdotes, all the songs on the album are cover songs on which Fletcher sings lead vocals. The album allegedly features Alan Wilder and/or Martin Gore on piano, the story then goes that Gore & Wilder presented the album to Mute Records Daniel Miller and pleaded for him to release it. In reality, this album is almost certainly an in-joke, although it is not entirely unlikely that during studio downtime from serious work. In 2002, Fletcher launched his own label, a Mute Records imprint called Toast Hawaii
43.
Vince Clarke
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Vince Clarke is an English synthpop musician and songwriter. Clarke has been the composer and musician of the band Erasure since 1985. Vincent John Martin was born in South Woodford, London and then he moved to Basildon and he initially studied the violin and then the piano, but he was inspired to make electronic music upon hearing Wirral synth band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. Along with OMD, other influences included The Human League, Daniel Miller. In the late-1970s, Clarke and schoolmate Andy Fletcher formed a band called No Romance in China. In 1980, he teamed up with Robert Marlow and Martin Gore to form French Look, another band, named Composition of Sound, followed in 1980 with another addition of Martin Gore and Andy Fletcher. Clarke provided vocals until singer Dave Gahan joined the band, which was renamed Depeche Mode, at that time, he adopted the stage-name Vince Clarke, by which he is currently known. The band initially adopted a slick synthesized electropop sound, which produced the album Speak and Spell, Clarke left Depeche Mode shortly thereafter. There were many rumoured reasons pertaining to his departure and he commented on Depeche Modes later material as being a little dark for his taste, but good nonetheless. Clarke also stated that he did not enjoy the public aspects of success, such as touring and interviews, Clarke was replaced by musician Alan Wilder and Depeche Mode went on to achieve international stardom. Yazoo split in 1983, and Moyet went on to have a solo career. Yazoo reformed in 2008 for a series of dates to celebrate 25 years since the duos split. Meanwhile, he founded the label Reset Records with Eric Radcliffe and they also produced an album, which was shelved but was released much later in 1999 under the name The Peter Pan Effect. In 1985, another took place with Paul Quinn of Bourgie Bourgie. However, the project never took off, and Clarke moved on to other projects, in early 1985, Clarke put an ad in Melody Maker for a singer, and one applicant was Andy Bell, who was a fan of his earlier projects. Blue Savannah, Chorus, Love to Hate You, Take a Chance on Me, in 2006, Erasure produced a country-western style acoustic album consisting of mostly non-single cuts from their previous albums. This album, Union Street was preceded by the single Boy originally included on their 1997 Cowboy album. On 26 January 2007, in a message on the official Erasure website
44.
Dave Gahan
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David Dave Gahan is an English singer-songwriter, best known as the baritone lead singer of the electronic band Depeche Mode since their debut in 1980. He is also a solo artist, releasing albums in 2003 and 2007. Three of these songs were released as singles, including Suffer Well in 2005, Hole to Feed in 2009, in 2012 and 2015, he also contributed lyrics and sang lead vocals on the Soulsavers albums The Light the Dead See and Angels & Ghosts. Q magazine ranked Gahan no.73 on the list of the 100 Greatest Singers, Gahan was born as David Callcott into a working-class family, to parents Len Callcott of Malaysian descent and his wife Sylvia, Dave was only six months old when his father left the family. Sylvia and Len divorced two years later and his mother moved Dave and sister Sue to Basildon, Essex, after Sylvia met, the Gahan family continued to grow with the birth of two more half-brothers Peter and Phil. Dave and Sue were raised under the impression that their mothers second husband, in 1972, when Gahan was 10 years old, his stepfather died. Gahan recalled how he came one day and found this bloke at home. Of the incident, he has said, Ill never forget that day, when I came home from school, there was this stranger in my mums house. My mother introduced him to me as my real dad, I remember I said, that was impossible because my father was dead. How was I supposed to know who that man was, from that day on, Len often visited the house, until one year later he disappeared again. Since then he had no contact with us, by growing older, I thought about him more and more. The only thing my mother would say, was that he moved out to Jersey to open a hotel. Mum had kept it back from me til there was a need to tell me about my father, its a different generation. He enjoyed the thrill of stealing cars, driving them around, Gahan tells of the time, I was pretty wild. I loved the excitement of nicking a motor, screeching off, hiding behind the wall with your heart beating gives you a real kick – will they get you. In his final year at school, he applied for a job as an apprentice fitter with North Thames Gas. He was told by his officer to be honest with the interviewer. As a result, he did not get the job which and his punishment was weekend custody at a sub-Borstal attendance centre in Romford for one year
45.
"Heroes" (David Bowie song)
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Heroes is a song by the English musician David Bowie, written by Bowie and Brian Eno. Produced by Bowie and Tony Visconti, it was recorded in July and August 1977, a product of Bowies Berlin period, the track was not a huge hit in the UK or US at the time, but has gone on to become one of Bowies signature songs. In January 2016, following Bowies death, the reached a new peak of number 12 in the UK Singles Chart. Heroes has been cited as Bowies second-most covered song after Rebel Rebel, inspired by the sight of Bowies producer / engineer Tony Visconti embracing his girlfriend by the Berlin Wall, the song tells the story of two lovers, one from East and one from West Berlin. Following Bowies death in January 2016, the German government thanked Bowie for helping to bring down the Wall, Bowie scholar David Buckley has written that Heroes is perhaps pops definitive statement of the potential triumph of the human spirit over adversity. The title of the song is a reference to the 1975 track Hero by German krautrock band Neu. whom Bowie and it was one of the early tracks recorded during the album sessions, but remained an instrumental until towards the end of production. The quotation marks in the title of the song, an affectation, were designed to impart an ironic quality on the otherwise highly romantic, even triumphant, words. The music, co-written by Bowie and Eno, has likened to a Wall of Sound production. Eno has said that musically the piece always sounded grand and heroic, the basic backing track on the recording consists of a conventional arrangement of piano, bass guitar, rhythm guitar and drums. However the remaining instrumental additions are highly distinctive and these largely consist of synthesizer parts by Eno using an EMS VCS3 to produce detuned low-frequency drones, with the beat frequencies from the three oscillators producing a juddering effect. Heroes was released in a variety of languages and lengths, despite a large promotional push, including Bowies first live Top of the Pops appearance since 1973, Heroes only reached number 24 in the UK charts, and failed to make the US Billboard Hot 100. In Italy, the song was certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, writing for NME on its release, Charlie Gillett slated the record saying, Well he had a pretty good run for our money, for a guy who was no singer. But I think his time has been and gone, and this just sounds weary, then again, maybe the ponderous heavy riff will be absorbed on the radio, and the monotonous feel may just be hypnotic enough to drag people into buying it. In February 1999, Q Magazine listed Heroes as one of the 100 greatest singles of all time as voted by the readers, in March 2005, the same magazine placed it at number 56 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. In 2004, Rolling Stone rated Heroes number 46 in its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and it was included in 2008s The Pitchfork Media 500, Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to the Present. John J. Miller of National Review rated Heroes number 21 on a list of the 50 greatest conservative rock songs due to its political context. Uncut placed Heroes as number 1 in its 30 greatest Bowie songs in 2008, Bowie regularly performed the song in concert. It was used in Chris Petits film Radio On two years after its release, the song has become a mainstay of advertising in recent years, gracing efforts by Microsoft, Kodak, CGU Insurance, HBO Olé and various sporting promoters throughout the world
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David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
