1.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Elmont, New York
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Elmont is an unincorporated census-designated place located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, along its border with the borough of Queens in New York City. It is a bedroom community located on Long Island. The population was 33,198 at the 2010 census, Elmont is famous for Belmont Park which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. In 1650, Christopher and Thomas Foster purchased a plot of land. The Fosters land was controlled by Dutch settlers from the Holy Roman Empire, the Fosters were intended to raise cattle, and sheep on their newly settled land, the Hempstead Plains of Long Island. They named this place Fosters Meadow—a name which would remain for the next 200 years of the villages history, by the mid-17th century, ethnic descendents of Sephardi Jews were settling on the Hempstead Plains for Agriculture. Control of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam shifted to England in 1664 and this marked the first gradual cultural shift in Fosters Meadow with the establishment of a community of predominantly English Protestant farmers, and their families. In 1683, Long Island was divided into three counties, Kings, Queens, and Suffolk County, under this new structure, Fosters Meadow was originally part of Queens County. During 1790 George Washington passed through the town while touring to the East on Long Island. The current boundaries of Elmont were decided upon in 1898, at point, Nassau County was erected, leading to conflict over land. It was during the century, that Fosters Meadow experienced its second cultural shift. There was an influx of Roman Catholic, and Ashkenazi Jewish agricultural farmers from Brooklyn and these ethnic groups were largely of German, and Italian descent practicing both Roman Catholicism, and Judaism. Indeed, the Catholic population in Fosters Meadow grew to an extent, the Church of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, was built during the Wittelsbach Dynasty in 1852. The Roman Catholic Church was re-dedicated Saint Boniface Roman Catholic Parish, the Parish was providing a focal point for the gradual development of a Catholic population base. Rev. Peter Hartraub was essentially the founding pastor, and appointed the first resident pastor of Fosters Meadow in 1858, rev. Peter Hartraub built a new rectory, and in 1887 a new school with four classrooms on the first floor, and an auditorium on the second. The Dominican Sisters were invited to teach in the Catholic School, the community underwent its next political reshuffling in 1882, being subdivided into districts with unique names and boundaries, it was at this time that Fosters Meadow was renamed Elmont. They found what they were looking for on the border of Queens County, Belmont Racetrack, was arguably the most significant milestone in the development of modern-day Elmont. Originally known as Fosters Meadow, the 650 acres of land included a turreted Tudor-Gothic mansion owned by William de Forest Manice, with the opening of Belmont Park in 1905, Elmont reached a turning point in its history
4.
Pratt Institute
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It originated in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. U. S. News & World Report lists Pratt as one of the top 20 colleges in the Regional Universities North category. Princeton Review recognizes Pratt as being one of the best colleges in the northeast, Pratt Institute was founded in 1887 by American industrialist Charles Pratt, who was a successful businessman and oil tycoon and was one of the wealthiest men in the history of Brooklyn. In 1867 Pratt established Charles Pratt and Company, in 1874 Pratt’s companies were purchased by John D. Rockefeller and became part of his Standard Oil trust while Pratt continued to run the companies himself. Pratt, an advocate of education, wanted to provide the opportunity for working men and women to better their lives through education, even though Pratt never had the opportunity to go to college himself, he wanted to create an affordable college accessible to the working class. In 1884 Pratt began purchasing parcels of land in his affluent home town of Clinton Hill for the intention of opening a school, the school would end up being built only two blocks from Charles Pratt’s residence on Clinton Avenue. From his fortunes with Astral Oil and Charles Pratt and Company, in May 1887 the New York State Legislature granted Charles Pratt a charter to open the school, on October 17,1887, the Institute opened to 12 students in the Main Hall. Tuition was $4 per class per term, the college was one of the first in the country open to all people, regardless of class, color, and gender. In the early years, the Institute’s mission was to offer education to those who never had it offered to them before, Pratt sought to teach people skills that would allow them to be successful and work their way up the economic ladder. Specifically, many programs were tailored for the growing need to train workers in the changing economy with training in design. Early programs sought to teach students a variety of such as architectural engineering, mechanics, dressmaking. Graduates of the school were taught to become engineers, mechanics, drawing, whether freehand, mechanical, or architectural, thought of as being a universal language, united such diverse programs and thus all programs in the school had a strong foundation in drawing. In addition, the curriculum at the Institute was to be complemented by a large Liberal Arts curriculum. Students studied subjects such as history, mathematics, physics, and literature in order to understand the world in which they will be working in. Six months after inception the school had an enrollment of nearly 600 students, by the first anniversary of the school there were 1,000 students in attendance. In five years time the school had nearly 4,000 students, in 1888 Scientific American said of the school that “it is undoubtedly the most important enterprise of its kind in this country, if not in the world”. Andrew Carnegie even visited Pratt for inspiration and used the school as a model in developing Carnegie Technical Schools, now Carnegie Mellon University. As public interest grew in the school and demand increased the school began adding new programs including the Pratt High School, Library School, Music Department, and Department of Commerce
5.
Barbara Bain
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Barbara Bain is an American film and television actress. She is known for co-starring in the original Mission, Impossible television series in the 1960s as Cinnamon Carter, Bain was born Mildred Fogel in Chicago, the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants. She graduated from the University of Illinois with a degree in sociology. Developing an interest in dance, she moved to New York City, dissatisfied with her career as a dancer, she went into modeling, jobs with Vogue, Harpers, and other publications followed. Still uninspired, however, Bain entered the Theater Studio to study acting, first under Curt Conway, progressing to the Actors Studio, she was instructed by Lee Strasberg. Bains first acting role was in Paddy Chayevskys play Middle of the Night, accompanying Bain was fellow actor and new husband Martin Landau, the final leg of the tour brought the couple to Los Angeles, where they settled permanently. After moving, Bain established herself at the Actors Studio West, in 1965, she guest-starred alongside series star Jerry Van Dyke in an episode of My Mother The Car, which also featured Avery Schreibers recurring role of Captain Bernard Manzini. She also appeared in the 1966 final episode of the series alongside Van Dyke and she won three consecutive Emmy Awards for Best Dramatic Actress for her performance in 1967,1968, and 1969, in addition to a Golden Globe Award nomination in 1968. She starred opposite Landau again in the science-fiction TV series Space,1999, as Dr. Helena Russell, and the made-for-TV film The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligans Island. Bain also appeared in The Dick Van Dyke Show, in the episode Will You Two Be My Wife. and My So-Called Life, other appearances include Matroyoshka, an episode of the 1990s science-fiction series Millennium. In 1998, Bain appeared in the Walker, Texas Ranger episode Saving Grace, in 2006, she had a minor role in one episode of CSI, Crime Scene Investigation. In 2008, co-starring with her daughter Juliet Landau, Bain voiced the character of Verdona Tennyson in What Are Little Girls Made Of. an episode of Ben 10, Alien Force. On April 28,2016, Bain was honored with the 2, 579th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, lifelong friends Edward Asner and Dick Van Dyke were on hand to speak and assist in the unveiling of the star. Bain married actor Martin Landau in 1957, they divorced in 1993, the couple has two daughters, actress Juliet Landau and film producer Susan Bain Landau Finch. She has contributed to charitable causes, including literacy. Barbara Bain at the Internet Movie Database Interview with Barbara Bain, October,2014, Ames Tribune
6.
Juliet Landau
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She is also known for co-starring as Loretta King in Tim Burtons Ed Wood. Landau was born in Los Angeles to actor parents Martin Landau and her older sister is film producer Susan Landau Finch, and the sisters spent their early childhood in a Tudor style house in West Los Angeles. Landau is a professional ballerina, and her mentor was the actress Susan Peretz. Landau co-starred in Ed Wood as Loretta King and starred opposite Whoopi Goldberg in New Line Cinemas Theodore Rex and she played the role of Drusilla on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, appearing on Buffy and its spinoff show Angel over the course of six seasons. Steve Vineberg of The New York Times wrote, The wildly gifted Juliet Landau, plays Dru like an acid-addled cross between Ophelia and Cassandra. TV guest appearances include, Criminal Minds, Millennium, La Femme Nikita, Strong Medicine and she just completed a project for HBO directed by Jake Scott. She has also provided her voice for three of the BioShock video games and she played Natasha in a reading of The Three Sisters that Al Pacino put together at The Actors Studio. Her first work as director was 2008s Take Flight, a documentary film about Gary Oldman. It is about Oldmans creative process and he has said, Juliet Landau is an exceptional talent. I entrusted Juliet to make a film about me and I am thrilled with the results. Take Flight is a film that shows me in a very different light. I will work with Juliet again without hesitation, Juliet co-directed Dream Out Loud with her husband, Deverill Weekes about make-up artist Kazuhiro Tsuji, who was branching into the world of fine art. The film captures one of his creations from inception to culmination and it features interviews with Guillermo del Toro, Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Rian Johnson. In 2009, Juliet Landau co-wrote two issues of the Angel comic book series for IDW Publishing, in collaboration with Brian Lynch, the issues feature Drusilla, the character she played on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. In addition to writing, she contributed numerous ideas and references for both the cover and interior art of the issues and she has stated that she would like to write more comics set in the Buffyverse. She was slated to write a five-part Drusilla miniseries from Dark Horse Comics in 2014, in 2012–13, she produced and starred in the play Danny and the Deep Blue Sea directed by John McNaughton at the Crown City Theater in North Hollywood. Her portrayal won rave reviews and multiple awards, the show was extended 5 times. The character of Romana was previously played in Doctor Who by both Lalla Ward and Mary Tamm, Landau is a member of The Actors Studio and as recently as of 2008 was being mentored by Mike Medavoy
7.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
8.
North by Northwest
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North by Northwest is a 1959 American thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint and James Mason. The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman, who wanted to write the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures and this is one of several Hitchcock films that features a music score by Bernard Herrmann and a memorable opening title sequence by graphic designer Saul Bass. This film is cited as the first to feature extended use of kinetic typography in its opening credits. North by Northwest is now numbered among the essential Hitchcock pictures and is listed as one of the greatest films of all time. It was selected in 1995 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress, as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Two thugs looking for a George Kaplan at a hotel bar see a calling out for him at the same time advertising executive Roger Thornhill summons the waiter. Thornhill, thus, is mistaken for George Kaplan, kidnapped by the thugs, he is brought to the Long Island estate of Lester Townsend, and interrogated by spy Phillip Vandamm. Thornhill vehemently denies he is Kaplan, Vandamm thinks he is lying and Vandamms henchman Leonard tries to arrange Thornhills death, but Thornhill manages to escape a staged drunken driving accident. Thornhill fails to convince his mother and the police that he had been kidnapped, journeying to the scene of the crime with police, a woman at Townsends home, presumed to be Mrs. Townsend, says he showed up drunk at her dinner party. She says Townsend is a United Nations diplomat, while searching Kaplans hotel room with his mother, Thornhill answers a phone call from the thugs who are in the hotel lobby. He escapes and visits the U. N. General Assembly building to meet Townsend and he discovers that Townsend is not the man he met on Long Island, and that Townsend is a widower. As Thornhill questions Townsend, one of the thugs throws a knife, hitting Townsend in the back, Thornhill catches Townsend as he falls and grabs the knife, giving the appearance that he murdered Townsend. Thornhill flees and attempts to find the real Kaplan, meanwhile, a government intelligence agency picks up the news and realizes Thornhill has been mistaken for George Kaplan, a fictional persona created by the agency to thwart Vandamm. However, Thornhill is not rescued for fear of compromising their operation, Thornhill sneaks onto the 20th Century Limited train. He meets Eve Kendall, who protects him from the police, in Chicago, Kendall tells Thornhill she has arranged a meeting with Kaplan at an isolated bus stop. Thornhill waits, but no one comes and he is attacked by a crop duster plane, but steps in front of a speeding tank truck, the airplane crashes into the truck, and Thornhill escapes. When he reaches Kaplans hotel in Chicago, he discovers that Kaplan had checked out, Thornhill goes to her room, but she leaves. He tracks her to an art auction, where he finds Vandamm, Vandamm purchases a Mexican Purépecha statue and departs
9.
Mission: Impossible
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Mission, Impossible is an American television series that was created and initially produced by Bruce Geller. It chronicles the missions of a team of government agents known as the Impossible Missions Force. In the first season, the team is led by Dan Briggs, played by Steven Hill, Jim Phelps, a hallmark of the series shows Briggs or Phelps receiving his instructions on a recording that then self-destructs, followed by the theme music composed by Lalo Schifrin. The series was filmed and financed by Desilu Productions, and aired on the CBS network from September 1966 to March 1973, the series was revived in 1988 for two seasons on ABC, retaining only Graves in the cast. It also inspired a series of motion pictures starring Tom Cruise. The series follows the exploits of the Impossible Missions Force, a team of secret agents used for covert missions against dictators, evil organizations. On occasion, the IMF also mounts unsanctioned, private missions on behalf of its members, the identities of the higher echelons of the organization that oversees the IMF are never revealed. In the 1980s revival, it is suggested the IMF is an independent agency of the United States government, the leader of the IMF is initially Dan Briggs, played by Steven Hill. As an Orthodox Jew, Hill had to leave on Fridays at 4 p. m. to be home before sundown and was not available until after dark the next day, Hill had other problems as well. Unable to come to terms with Hill, the producers re-shot the episode without him, as far as Hills religious requirements were concerned, line producer Joseph Gantman simply had not understood what had been agreed to. He told author Patrick J. White, If someone understands your problems and says he understands them, but if he doesnt care about your problems, then you begin to really resent him. Steven Hill may have exactly the same way. In theory, Briggs and Phelps are the only members of the IMF. Still, many also feature guest stars playing one-time additional agents who have special skills. His contract gave producers an option to have him render services for additional episodes, to fill the void left by Hills Sabbath absences, producers wound up using Landau for more episodes, always as a guest star. He eventually struck a deal to appear in all the first seasons remaining episodes, Landau contractually became a series regular in season two. As actors left the series time, others became regulars. Replacements often possessed the skills as their predecessors
10.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
11.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
12.
Space: 1999
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Space,1999 is a British science-fiction television series that ran for two seasons and originally aired from 1975 to 1977. The series was the last production by the partnership of Gerry, the first series was co-produced by the British television ITC and the Italian television RAI, while the second series was produced solely by ITC. Two series of the programme were produced, each comprising twenty-four episodes, Production of the first series was from November 1973 to February 1975, production of the second series was from January 1976 to December 1976. The premise of Space,1999 centres on the plight of the inhabitants of Moonbase Alpha, a scientific research centre on the Moon. The force of the blast propels the Moon like an enormous booster rocket, hurling it out of Earth orbit and into space at colossal speed. The runaway Moon, in effect, becomes the spacecraft on which the protagonists travel, not long after leaving Earths solar system, the wandering Moon passes through a black hole and later through a couple of space warps which push it even further out into the universe. During their interstellar journey, the Alphans encounter an array of alien civilizations, dystopian societies, several episodes of the first series hinted that the Moons journey was influenced by a mysterious unknown force, which was guiding the Alphans toward an ultimate destiny. The second series used more simplified action-oriented plots, the first series of Space,1999 used a teaser introduction, sometimes called a hook or cold open. This was followed by a sequence that managed to convey prestige for its two main stars, Landau and Bain, and to give the audience some thirty-plus fast cut shots of the forthcoming episode. The second series eliminated this montage, the programme would then offer four ten-to-twelve minute long acts and finished with a short epilogue scene. The headline stars of Space,1999 were American actors Martin Landau and Barbara Bain, also appearing as regular cast members were the Canadian-based British actor Barry Morse and Hungarian-born, US-raised Catherine Schell. Before moving into the role of Maya during the second series, the programme also brought Australian actor Nick Tate to public attention. The English actor Nicholas Young appeared in an episode of Year Two, Space,1999 owes much of the visual design to pre-production work for the never-made second series of UFO, which would have been set primarily on the Moon and featured a more extensive Moonbase. Space,1999 drew a great deal of inspiration from the 1968 Stanley Kubrick film 2001. The programmes special effects director Brian Johnson had previously worked on both Thunderbirds and 2001, in 1972, Sir Lew Grade, head of ITC Entertainment, proposed financing a second series of the Century 21 production UFO to show-runners Gerry and Sylvia Anderson. In the meantime, Production Designer Keith Wilson and the art department had made progress in envisioning the look. Their work was shelved for the foreseeable future. Mandell was amenable, but stated he did not want a set featuring people having tea in the Midlands
13.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
14.
Tucker: The Man and His Dream
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Tucker, The Man and His Dream is a 1988 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Jeff Bridges. S. Joan Allen, Martin Landau, Elias Koteas, Frederic Forrest, in 1973, Coppola began development of a film based on the life of Tucker, originally with Marlon Brando in the lead role. Starting in 1976, Coppola planned Tucker to be both a musical and a film with music and lyrics written by Leonard Bernstein, Betty Comden. The project eventually collapsed when Coppolas American Zoetrope experienced financial problems, Tucker was revived in 1986 when Coppolas friend, George Lucas, joined as a producer. The film received praise, but was a box office disappointment. Nonetheless, Tucker, The Man and His Dream produced a spike in prices of Tucker Sedans, as well as an appreciation for Tucker. Detroit engineer Preston Tucker has been interested in building cars since childhood, during World War II he designed an armored car for the military and made money building gun turrets for aircraft in a small shop next to his home in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Tucker is supported by his large, extended family, including wife Vera, as the war winds down, Tucker has a dream of finally building the car of the future. The Tucker Torpedo will feature revolutionary safety designs including disc brakes, seat belts, a pop out windshield, Tucker hires young designer Alex Tremulis to help with the design and enlists New York financier Abe Karatz to arrange financial support. Raising the money through an issue, Tucker and Karatz acquire the enormous Dodge Chicago Plant to begin manufacturing. Abe hires Robert Bennington to run the new Tucker Corporation on a day-to-day basis, launching the car of tomorrow in a spectacular way, the Tucker Corporation is met with enthusiasm from shareholders and the general public. While Tucker travels the country, Bennington and directors change the design of Tuckers car to a conventional design, eliminating the safety. At the same time, Tucker faces animosity from the Big Three, Tucker then receives a call from Howard Hughes, who sends a private plane to bring Tucker to his aircraft manufacturing site. Hughes advises Tucker to purchase Air Cooled Motors, which can supply both the steel Tucker needs, as well as a small, powerful engine that might replace Tuckers original 589 power plant. Faced with being unable to change Benningtons design, Tucker modifies the new engine and installs it in a test Tucker in the secrecy of his backyard tool and this prototype proves successful in both durability and crash testing. However, Tucker is confronted with allegations of stock fraud, fergusons investigation with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, causes Karatz, once convicted of bank fraud, to resign, fearful that his criminal record will prejudice the hearings. After giving a speech to the jurors on how capitalism in the United States is harmed by efforts of large corporations against small entrepreneurs like himself, Tucker is acquitted on all charges. Nevertheless, his company falls into bankruptcy and Preston Tucker dies of cancer seven years later, never able to realize his dream of producing a state-of-the-art automobile
15.
Bela Lugosi
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Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó, better known as Bela Lugosi, was a Hungarian-American actor, famous for portraying Count Dracula in the 1931 film and for his roles in various other horror films. He had been playing small parts on the stage in his native Hungary before making his first film in 1917 and he had roles in several films in Weimar Germany before arriving in the United States as a seaman on a merchant ship. In 1927, he appeared as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of Bram Stokers novel and he later appeared in the classic 1931 film Dracula by Universal Pictures. Meanwhile, he was paired with Boris Karloff, who was able to demand top billing. To his frustration, Lugosi was increasingly restricted to minor parts, by this time, Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for sciatic neuritis, and he became addicted to morphine and methadone. This drug dependence was noted by producers, and the offers eventually dwindled down to a few parts in Ed Woods low-budget movies, Lugosi was married five times, and had one son, Bela George Lugosi. Lugosi was a member of the American Screen Actors Guild. Lugosi, the youngest of four children, was born Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó in Lugos in the Kingdom of Hungary, not far from Transylvania, to István Blaskó, a banker and he later based his last name on his hometown. He and his sister Vilma were raised in a Roman Catholic family, at the age of 12, Lugosi dropped out of school. He began his career probably in 1901 or 1902. His earliest known performances are from provincial theatres in the 1903–04 season, playing roles in several plays. He went on to Shakespeare plays and other major roles, moving to Budapest in 1911, he played dozens of roles with the National Theatre of Hungary between 1913–19. Although Lugosi would later claim that he became the actor of Hungarys Royal National Theatre. During World War I, he served as an infantryman in the Austro-Hungarian Army from 1914-16, There he rose to the rank of captain in the ski patrol and was awarded the Wound Medal for wounds he suffered while serving on the Russian front. Due to his activism in the union in Hungary during the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1919. He first went to Vienna and then settled in Berlin in the Langestrasse where he continued acting, eventually, he travelled to New Orleans, Louisiana, US as a crewman aboard a merchant ship. He took the name Lugosi, in 1903, to honor his birthplace, Lugosis first film appearance was in the movie Az ezredes. When appearing in Hungarian silent films, he used the stage name Arisztid Olt, Lugosi made 12 films in Hungary between 1917 and 1918 before leaving for Germany
16.
Ed Wood (film)
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Ed Wood is a 1994 American biographical period comedy-drama film directed and produced by Tim Burton, and starring Johnny Depp as cult filmmaker Ed Wood. The film concerns the period in Woods life when he made his films as well as his relationship with actor Bela Lugosi. Sarah Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette, Jeffrey Jones, Lisa Marie, the film was conceived by writers Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski when they were students at the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Due to scheduling conflicts with Airheads, Lehmann had to vacate the directors position, Ed Wood was originally in development at Columbia Pictures, but the studio put the film in turnaround over Burtons decision to shoot in black-and-white. Ed Wood was taken to the Walt Disney Studios, which produced the film through the studios Touchstone Pictures division, the film was released to critical acclaim, but was a box office bomb, making only $5.9 million against an $18 million budget. It won two Academy Awards, Best Supporting Actor for Landau and Best Makeup for Rick Baker, Ve Neill, in 1952, Ed Wood is struggling to join the film industry. Upon hearing of an announcement in Variety magazine that producer George Weiss is trying to purchase Christine Jorgensens life story, Weiss explains that Varietys announcement was a news leak, and it is impossible to purchase Jorgensens rights. The producer decides to fictionalize the film, titled I Changed My Sex, Ed tries to convince Weiss that he is perfect to direct the film because he is a transvestite, but is unsuccessful since Weiss wants a director with experience. Ed meets his longtime idol Bela Lugosi and the two become friends, wanting to restart his fading career, Lugosi expresses interest in being part of the film. Wood persuades Weiss to let him direct the film by convincing him that having a star in the film would sell tickets, and they could sign Bela for a low price. Ed and Weiss argue over the title and subject matter, Weiss has the poster printed. Weiss allows Ed to shoot whatever he wants as long as the film meets the required length, Ed takes to film production with an unusual approach, shooting only one take per scene, giving actors very little direction and using stock footage to fill in gaps. The movie is released to critical and commercial failure, angering Weiss, because of this, Ed is unsuccessful in getting a job at Screen Classics, but Eds girlfriend, Dolores Fuller, tells him that he should try financing his next film independently. Ed is unsuccessful in finding money for Bride of the Atom, Ed meets Loretta King, who he thinks has enough money to fund Bride of the Atom and ends up casting her as the lead instead of Dolores as planned. Filming begins, but is halted when it is revealed that Loretta is actually poor, and Ed has no money to continue production. Ed convinces meat packing industry tycoon Don McCoy to take over funding the film, who agrees as long as the film stars his son Tony as the leading man and the film ends with an explosion. The filming finishes with the title being changed to Bride of the Monster, but Dolores breaks up with Ed after the party because of his circle of friends, his work. Bela attempts to conduct a double suicide with Ed after the government cuts off his unemployment, Bela checks himself into rehab, and Ed meets Kathy OHara, who is visiting her father there
17.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
18.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
19.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
20.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
21.
Austrians
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Austrians are a Germanic ethnic group and nation, native to Austria that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history. The English term Austrians was applied to the population of Habsburg Austria from the 17th or 18th century, subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the Empire of Austria, and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of Cisleithania. In the closest sense, the term Austria originally referred to the historical March of Austria, historically, Austrians were regarded as ethnic Germans and viewed themselves as such. Austria was part of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian war in 1866 which resulted in Prussia expelling Austria from the Confederation, thus, when Germany was founded as a nation-state in 1871, Austria was not a part of it. In 1867, Austria was reformed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the First Austrian Republic was founded in 1919. The Third Reich annexed Austria with the Anschluss in 1938, today, majority of Austrians do not identify as German. Austrians may be described either as a nationality or as a homogeneous Germanic ethnic group, the English word Austrian is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of Österreich, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from Ostarrîchi, which first appears in 996 and this, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin Marcha Orientalis, which means eastern borderland. It was a margraviate of the Duchy of Bavaria, ruled by the House of Babenberg from AD976, during the 12th century, the Marcha Orientalis under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as Lower Austria corresponds to the Marcha Orientalis, the territory of what is today Austria in the Roman era was divided into Raetia, Noricum and Pannonia. Noricum was a Celtic kingdom, while the Pannonii were of Illyrian stock, the Raetians were an ancient alpine people probably akin to the Etruscans. During the Migration period, these territories were settled by the Bavarians and other Germanic groups in the west, in the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under Carolingian rule, and were divided into the duchies of Swabia, Bavaria and Carinthia. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the Avar Khaganate, the East March during the 9th century was the boundary region separating East Francia from the Avars and the Magyars. The site of Vienna had been settled since Celtic times, the various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of Austrians before the early modern period. The term Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name Austria. In reality they remained a disparate range of states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the Holy Roman Empire. However, the half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the regency of Maria Theresa of Austria. After the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, the emperor Franz II formally founded the Austrian Empire in 1804 and these non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire
22.
Machinist
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A machinist is a person who uses machine tools to make or modify parts, primarily metal parts. This process of machining is accomplished by using tools to cut away excess material much as a woodcarver cuts away excess wood to produce his work. In addition to metal, the parts may be made of other kinds of materials. The goal of these operations is to produce a part that conforms to a set of specifications, or tolerances. Within the title machinist are other specialty titles that refer to skills that may be more highly developed to meet the needs of a particular job position. Some examples of these specialty titles are fitter, turning hand, mill hand, and grinder. Also, there are titles that are related but actually are a development of machinist skills such as tool and die maker, tool maker, trim die maker, die sinker, patternmaker. These latter titles are more commonly found in specialized areas of industry. A fitter and turner refers to a person who manufactures mechanical parts, a machinist is usually called upon when a part needs to be produced from a material by cutting. Such a part may be unique or may be needed in the thousands and this could include a machinery part for a production line or anything that can be made from metal or plastic. Producing a part will often require several steps and more than one machine tool, each machine tool plays a specific role in cutting away excess material. When large numbers of parts are needed, production planning is required to plan the most logical workflow through a series of machines. Computer numerical controlled machines are a special tool that can machine a large variety of shapes. CNC machines are becoming the standard due to their speed, precision, flexibility, production runs consisting of large numbers of parts are more cost effective and commonly referred to as production work in the trade. Conversely, small production runs are sometimes referred to as prototype or jobbing work, production engineers use blueprints and engineering drawings to produce detailed specifications of the part, especially its geometry, then decide on a strategy to make it. Machine tools are then configured by the machinist or toolsetter and production commences, the machinist works with the quality department to ensure the specifications are maintained in the finished product. Large commercial organizations often staff machinists on site in a mode to ensure continuing operations of the production machinery. The labor cost for this role is significantly lower costs involved with production shutdowns
23.
Nazism
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National Socialism, more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practice associated with the 20th-century German Nazi Party and Nazi Germany, as well as other far-right groups. Nazism subscribed to theories of racial hierarchy and Social Darwinism, identifying Germans as part of what Nazis regarded as an Aryan or Nordic master race and it aimed to overcome social divisions and create a homogeneous society, unified on the basis of racial purity. The term National Socialism arose out of attempts to create a nationalist redefinition of socialism, the Nazi Partys precursor, the Pan-German nationalist and anti-Semitic German Workers Party, was founded on 5 January 1919. By the early 1920s, Adolf Hitler assumed control of the organisation, following the Holocaust and German defeat in World War II, only a few fringe racist groups, usually referred to as neo-Nazis, still describe themselves as following National Socialism. The full name of Adolf Hitlers party was Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, the shorthand Nazi was formed from the first two syllables of the German pronunciation of the word national. The term was in use before the rise of the NSDAP as a colloquial and derogatory word for a peasant, characterizing an awkward. It derived from Ignaz, being a version of Ignatius, a common name in Bavaria. Opponents seized on this and shortened the first word of the name, Nationalsozialistische. The NSDAP briefly adopted the Nazi designation, attempting to reappropriate the term, the use of Nazi Germany, Nazi regime, and so on was popularised by German exiles abroad. From them, the spread into other languages and was eventually brought back to Germany after World War II. In English, Nazism is a name for the ideology the party advocated. The majority of scholars identify Nazism in practice as a form of far-right politics, far-right themes in Nazism include the argument that superior people have a right to dominate over other people and purge society of supposed inferior elements. Adolf Hitler and other proponents officially portrayed Nazism as being neither left- nor right-wing, but the politicians of the Right deserve exactly the same reproach. It was through their miserable cowardice that those ruffians of Jews who came into power in 1918 were able to rob the nation of its arms, a major inspiration for the Nazis were the far-right nationalist Freikorps, paramilitary organisations that engaged in political violence after World War I. The Nazis stated the alliance was purely tactical and there remained substantial differences with the DNVP, the Nazis described the DNVP as a bourgeois party and called themselves an anti-bourgeois party. After the elections in 1932, the alliance broke after the DNVP lost many of its seats in the Reichstag, the Nazis denounced them as an insignificant heap of reactionaries. The DNVP responded by denouncing the Nazis for their socialism, their violence. Kaiser Wilhelm II, who was pressured to abdicate the throne and flee into exile amidst an attempted communist revolution in Germany, there were factions in the Nazi Party, both conservative and radical
24.
James Madison High School (Brooklyn)
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James Madison High School is a public high school in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It serves students in grades 9 through 12, and is in Region 6 of the New York City Department of Education, established in 1925, James Madison High School has graduated four Nobel Prize winners, famous musicians, authors, and athletes. Two sitting U. S. Senators, Bernie Sanders and Charles Schumer, are graduates, United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is also a graduate. James Madison High School is organized in accordance with the house system, there are eight houses, each having a Teacher Coordinator, a Guidance Counselor, and an Assistant Principal assigned to supervise and assist students. Most students who apply to James Madison High School have the opportunity to apply to a specific House and these include, Law Institute, The Law Institute is designed for successful Social Studies students. In addition to being taught reasoning and communication skills, the students develop an understanding of American Legal institutions, students in the Law House take classes/participate in activities such as Mock Trial, Moot Court, We The People, Legal Economics, Criminology Advanced Placement Economics. It is a program designed to promote an understanding of our legal system and help students develop an appreciation of the Constitution. Students will study about our government and laws in honors classes and will hone their skills by participation in moot courts, mock trials. We strive to have become active citizens and critical thinkers who are well-prepared for post-secondary education. Bio-Medical Institute, The Bio Medical Institution is a program for talented students interested in science, technology, engineering, the Bio Med House is composed of students and teachers who seek to understand the complex world around us. This program explores science through experimentation and hands-on experience, bio-med scholars enjoy small classes with like-minded students that work together throughout their high school experience. Students also participate in field trips, research experiments, sports teams and school events with friends, students are given a unique opportunity to explore and investigate a variety of mathematics topics and to participate in math related contests, events and trips. Project based coursework gives students opportunities to learn through experience, liberal Arts academy students take classes with like-minded students that work together throughout their high school experience. Students also participate in field trips, sports teams and school events with friends, information Technology House, One of the newer houses at Madison. House, it is one of the programs in NYC high schools that offers students the chance to take the Microsoft Word. House is a program at James Madison High School for talented students interested in technology, web design, programming. The International House, The International House for English Language Learners is a program at James Madison High School for students whose language is not English. The purpose of this program is to immerse students in the language, students will benefit from the support of an instructional program focused on developing literacy and language skills
25.
New York Daily News
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes
26.
Gus Edson
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Gus Edson was an American cartoonist known for two popular, long running comic strips, The Gumps and Dondi. Born to Max and Emma Edson in Cincinnati, Ohio, Gus Edson dropped out of school at age 17 to join the Army, after his discharge, he studied briefly at Pratt Institute and the Art Students League. Edson was a sports cartoonist with the New York Evening Graphic from 1925 to 1928, followed by a year with the Paul Block Chain of Newspapers and a year at the New York Evening Post. Along with his work, he was a standby ghost for King Features Syndicate. In 1933, while at the Daily News, he created his first daily strip, Streaky. When Sidney Smith, creator of The Gumps, died suddenly in 1935, Edsons firm conviction that no one would remember the previous situation was rocked when he was faced with the mail-bag full of reminders. Edson wrote and drew The Gumps for 24 years and his assistant on The Gumps in the early 1950s was the actor Martin Landau. Cousin Juniper was a strip which Edson also drew for his Sunday page. Edson helped sell war bonds during World War II, and he traveled around the world entertaining troops with his amusing chalk talks, in March 1948, Edson was heard on ABCs Americas Town Meeting of the Air. During the discussion Whats Wrong with Comics, Edson questioned panelist John Mason Brown, challenging Browns negative notions about comic strips. In the early 1950s, Edson was one of several National Cartoonists Society members who participated in European USO Tours, after a visit to Germany, he created Dondi in 1955 with Irwin Hasen. In 1957, Edson recalled the origin of the strip, My search for the perfect collaborator came to a sudden and successful conclusion on a lovely May morning in 1954, how clearly its details pierce the dimming mists of time. I was at breakfast with a diminutive artist, name of Hasen, casually I remarked on the excellence of our Spiegel Eier. Because the Spiegel Eier tastes so good, he simpered, here indeed was the understanding heart for which I would have combed the world. One more date in the saga of our collaboration fell on September 26,1955, an important executive named Moe Reilly gave Dondi a job. Modesty forces me to admit that the kid is getting along so well that Hasen, in case you care, this is how we collaborate. I lock myself in a small-type room, two days later, I stagger out with a whole roll— er, ream of scribbling. These brain squeezings I then boil down into the material for six daily strips
27.
The Gumps
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The Gumps, a popular comic strip about a middle-class family, was created by Sidney Smith in 1917, launching a 42-year run in newspapers from February 12,1917, until October 17,1959. According to a 1937 issue of Life, The Gumps was inspired by Andy Wheat, through Dr. Thomas Smith of Bloomingdale, Illinois, a dentist and a brother of Sidney Smith, Wheat met the cartoonist, who saw in him an ideal comic character. Wheat subsequently had his surname changed to Gump to match the cartoon character. His wifes name is Min, and he has two children, Chester and Goliath, now living in San Francisco, and an Uncle Bim who lives in Georgia, Gumps home is in Tucson, Arizona, but he also has a farm near his birthplace in Mississippi. The Gumps were utterly ordinary, chinless, bombastic blowhard Andy Gump, who is henpecked by his wife, Min, their sons Sam and baby James, wealthy Uncle Bim and they had a cat named Hope and a dog named Buck. The idea was envisioned by Joseph Patterson, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, Patterson referred to the masses as gumps and thought a strip about the domestic lives of ordinary people and their ordinary activities would appeal to the average American newspaper reader. He hired Smith to write and draw the strip, and it was Smith who breathed life into the characters, Smith was the first cartoonist to kill off a regular character, His May 1929 storyline about the death of Mary Gold caused a national sensation. The Gumps made its debut in an unusual way, cartoonist Sidney Smith had previously drawn and written Old Doc Yak, a talking-animal strip that sustained only a brief run. The very last Old Doc Yak strip depicted Yak and his moving out of their house. On Thursday, February 8,1917, the last panel showed only the empty house, on Monday, February 12,1917, after the Gumps were introduced in the space formerly occupied by Old Doc Yak, they moved into the house formerly occupied by the Yak family. The Gumps had a key role in the rise of syndication when Robert R and it was a picture paper, and it was a perfect setting for the newly developed art of the comic strip. The first issue shows but a strip, The Gumps. It was the almost instant popularity of this strip that directly brought national syndication into being. As one of the earliest continuity strips, The Gumps was extremely popular, many of these shorts were directed by Norman Taurog, later famed as the leading director of Elvis Presley movies. In 1924, Smith wrote his characters into a novel, Andy Gump, His Life Story, the strip and its merchandising made Smith a wealthy man. On his way home from signing a $150,000 a year contract in 1935, he crashed his new Rolls-Royce, Patterson replaced Smith with sports cartoonist Gus Edson. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, when actor Martin Landau was a cartoonist, he worked as Edsons assistant on The Gumps, the Gumps launched a craze for continuity strips in newspapers. It also influenced radio and television programming, at the Chicago Tribunes radio station WGN, Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll signed on as staffers in 1925
28.
Steve McQueen
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Terence Steven Steve McQueen was an American actor. Called The King of Cool, his anti-hero persona developed at the height of the counterculture of the 1960s, McQueen received an Academy Award nomination for his role in The Sand Pebbles. In 1974, he became the movie star in the world. McQueen was combative with directors and producers, but his popularity placed him in high demand, Terence Steven McQueen was born on March 24,1930 at St. Francis Hospital in Beech Grove, Indiana. His father, William Terence McQueen, was a stunt pilot for a flying circus who left McQueens mother, Julia Ann. Unable to cope with caring for a child, she left him with her parents in Slater, Missouri. As the Great Depression set in shortly thereafter, McQueen and his grandparents moved in with Lillians brother Claude at his farm in Slater. McQueen expressed having good memories of living at his Uncle Claudes farm, later stating, He was a good man, very strong. I learned a lot from him, Claude gave him a red tricycle on the boys fourth birthday that McQueen later said sparked his interest in racing. At age eight, he was home by his mother. McQueen retained a special memory of leaving the farm, The day I left the farm Uncle Claude gave me a personal going-away present—a gold pocket watch, the inscription read, To Steve – who has been a son to me. Dyslexic and partly due to a childhood ear infection, Steve did not adjust well to his new life. His new stepfather beat him to an extent that at the age of nine he left home to live on the streets, soon he was running with a street gang and committing acts of petty crime. Unable to control his behavior, his mother sent him back to Slater, when he was 12, Julia wrote to Claude asking that her son be returned to her again to live in her new home in Los Angeles, California. Julias second marriage had ended in divorce and she had married a third time, by McQueens own account his new stepfather and he locked horns immediately. McQueen recalls him being a son of a bitch who was not averse to using his fists on McQueen. As McQueen began to rebel again he was sent back to live with Claude a final time, McQueen was caught stealing hubcaps by police, who handed him over to his stepfather, who beat him severely, ending the fight by throwing McQueen down a flight of stairs. McQueen looked up at his stepfather and said, You lay your hands on me again and I swear
29.
Lee Strasberg
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Lee Strasberg was a Polish-born American actor, director, and theatre practitioner. He was born in a part of Galicia, Austrian Poland and he co founded, with directors Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford, the Group Theatre in 1931, which was hailed as Americas first true theatrical collective. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute has its own sets of entrance criteria required for admission into their program. Former student Elia Kazan directed James Dean in East of Eden, as a student, Dean wrote that Actors Studio was the greatest school of the theater the best thing that can happen to an actor. Playwright Tennessee Williams, writer of A Streetcar Named Desire, said of Strasbergs actors and they communicate emotions they really feel. They give you a sense of life, directors such as Sidney Lumet, a former student, have intentionally used actors skilled in Strasbergs method. Kazan, in his autobiography, wrote, He carried with him the aura of a prophet, a magician, a doctor, a psychoanalyst. Was the force held the thirty-odd members of the theatre together. Today, Ellen Burstyn, Al Pacino, and Harvey Keitel lead this nonprofit studio dedicated to the development of actors, playwrights and he also appeared in. And Justice for All. Strasbergs personal papers, including photos, are archived at the Library of Congress, Lee Strasberg was born Israel Strassberg in Budzanów in Austrian Poland, to Jewish parents, Baruch Meyer Strassberg and his wife, Ida, née Diner, and was the youngest of three sons. His father emigrated to New York while his family remained in their village with an uncle. His father, who worked as a presser in the garment industry, sent first for his eldest son, finally, enough money was saved to bring over his wife and his two remaining sons. In 1909, the family was reunited on Manhattans Lower East Side, a relative introduced him to the theater by giving him a small part in a Yiddish-language production being performed by the Progressive Drama Club. He later joined the Chrystie Street Settlement Houses drama club, when he was 23 years old, he enrolled in the Clare Tree Major School of the Theater. He became a naturalized United States citizen on January 16,1939, had his life-shaping revelation when Stanislavski brought his Moscow Art Theatre to the United States in 1923. He had seen good acting before, of course, but never an ensemble like this with actors completely surrendering their egos to the work. E observed, first of all, that all the actors, whether they were playing leads or small parts, worked with the same commitment, no actors idled about posing and preening. More important, every actor seemed to some sort of unspoken, yet palpable
30.
Elia Kazan
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Elia Kazan was a Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor, described by The New York Times as one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history. He was born in Istanbul, to Cappadocian Greek parents, after attending Williams College and then the Yale School of Drama, he acted professionally for eight years, later joining the Group Theater in 1932, and co-founded the Actors Studio in 1947. With Robert Lewis and Cheryl Crawford, his actors studio introduced Method Acting under the direction of Lee Strasberg, Kazan acted in a few films, including City for Conquest. Noted for drawing out the best dramatic performances from his actors, he directed 21 actors to Oscar nominations and he directed a string of successful films, including A Streetcar Named Desire, On the Waterfront, and East of Eden. During his career, he won two Oscars as Best Director and received an Honorary Oscar, won three Tony Awards, and four Golden Globes and his films were concerned with personal or social issues of special concern to him. Kazan writes, I dont move unless I have some empathy with the basic theme and his first such issue film was Gentlemans Agreement, with Gregory Peck, which dealt with anti-Semitism in America. It received 8 Oscar nominations and 3 wins, including Kazans first for Best Director and it was followed by Pinky, one of the first films in mainstream Hollywood to address racial prejudice against black people. In 1954, he directed On the Waterfront, a film about corruption on the New York harbor waterfront. A Streetcar Named Desire, an adaptation of the play which he had also directed, received 12 Oscar nominations, winning 4. In 1955, he directed John Steinbecks East of Eden, which introduced James Dean to movie audiences and his testimony helped end the careers of former acting colleagues Morris Carnovsky and Art Smith, along with ending the work of playwright Clifford Odets. Kazan later justified his act by saying he took only the more tolerable of two alternatives that were either way painful and wrong, nearly a half-century later, his anti-Communist testimony continued to cause controversy. When Kazan was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1999, dozens of actors not to applaud as 250 demonstrators picketed the event. Kazan influenced the films of the 1950s and 60s with his provocative, Director Stanley Kubrick called him, without question, the best director we have in America, capable of performing miracles with the actors he uses. Film author Ian Freer concludes that if his achievements are tainted by political controversy, in 2010, Martin Scorsese co-directed the documentary film A Letter to Elia as a personal tribute to Kazan. Elia Kazan was born in the Fener district of Istanbul, to Cappadocian Greek parents originally from Kayseri in Anatolia and his parents, George and Athena Kazantzoglou, emigrated to the United States when he was four years old. He was named after his grandfather, Elia Kazantzoglou. His maternal grandfather was Isaak Shishmanoglou, elias brother, Avraam, was born in Berlin and later became a psychiatrist. As a young boy, he was remembered as being shy, much of his early life was portrayed in his autobiographical book, America America, which he made into a film in 1963
31.
Mark Rydell
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Mark Rydell is an American actor, film director and producer. He has directed many Academy Award-nominated films including The Fox, The Reivers, Cinderella Liberty, The Rose, The River and he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for On Golden Pond. Rydells initial training was in music, as a youth, he wanted to be a conductor. He began his career as an actor and first became known for his role as Walt Johnson on The Edge of Night and as Jeff Baker on As the World Turns, which he played from 1956 to 1962. When he wouldnt sign a contract to remain on ATWT the producers had his character die in a car crash. He won plaudits for his role of violent Jewish mob kingpin Marty Augustine in Robert Altmans The Long Goodbye and his most recent significant film role was in Woody Allens Hollywood Ending. He directed the TV movie The Crime of the Century, which starred Isabella Rossellini, in 2006, Rydell directed the movie Even Money. Rydell was also director of the TV bio-pic James Dean, which earned actor James Franco a Golden Globe award, Rydell also acted in the movie, playing Jack L. Warner. In 2009, Rydell, working with actor Martin Landau and screenwriter/playwright Lyle Kessler, produced an education seminar and it is a two-day event covering the disciplines of acting, directing, and writing for film. The three have worked together as a team for decades at The Actors Studio teaching and coaching professional actors, writers. In 2010, Rydell joined the Advisory Board of Openfilm, a video sharing site created to help aspiring independent filmmakers. Rydell was born Mortimer H. Rydell on March 23,1928 and he married actress Joanne Linville in 1962. They had two children, Amy and Christopher, both actors, Rydell and Linville divorced in 1973. Rydell has another son Alexander, by his marriage, to Esther Rydell
32.
Sydney Pollack
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Sydney Irwin Pollack was an American film director, producer and actor. Pollack directed more than 20 films and 10 television shows, acted in over 30 films or shows, some of his other best known works include Jeremiah Johnson, The Way We Were, Three Days of the Condor and Absence of Malice. His subsequent films included Havana, The Firm, The Interpreter, Sydney Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana, to a family of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine, the son of Rebecca and David Pollack, a semi-professional boxer and pharmacist. The family relocated to South Bend and his parents divorced when he was young and his mother, an alcoholic with emotional problems, died at the age of 37 while Pollack was a student. Despite earlier plans to attend college and then school, Pollack left Indiana for New York City soon after finishing high school at age 17. Pollack studied acting with Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse from 1952–54, after two years army service, ending in 1958, he returned to the Playhouse at Meisner’s invitation to become his assistant. In 1960, John Frankenheimer, a friend of Pollack, asked him to come to Los Angeles in order to work as a coach for the child actors on Frankenheimers first big picture. It was during this time that Pollack met Burt Lancaster who encouraged the actor to try directing. Pollack played a director in The Twilight Zone episode The Trouble with Templeton in 1961, but he found his real success in television in the 1960s by directing episodes of series, such as The Fugitive and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. After doing TV he made the jump into film with a string of movies that drew public attention and his film-directing debut was The Slender Thread. Over time, Pollacks films received a total of 48 Academy Award nominations and his first Oscar nomination was for his 1969 film They Shoot Horses, Dont They. and his second in 1982 for Tootsie. For his 1985 film Out of Africa starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford, only Young and Lange won Oscars for their performances in one of Pollacks films. His disputes with Hoffman during the filming of Tootsie became well known, eventually Hoffman began pushing the idea that Pollack play the role of his agent, and Pollack reluctantly agreed despite not having had any film roles in 20 years. Their off-screen relationship added authenticity to their scenes in the movie, Pollack subsequently took on more acting roles in addition to producing and directing. He appeared as himself in the documentary One Six Right, describing his joy in owning and piloting his Cessna Citation X jet aircraft. As a character actor, Pollack appeared in such as A Civil Action. He also appeared in Woody Allens Husbands and Wives as a New York lawyer undergoing a midlife crisis and his last role was as Patrick Dempseys father in the 2008 romantic comedy Made of Honor, which was playing in theaters at the time of his death. He was a recurring guest star on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, playing Will Trumans unfaithful but loving father, George Truman
33.
Charlie Chaplin
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Sir Charles Spencer Charlie Chaplin, KBE was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame during the era of silent film. Chaplin became an icon through his screen persona the Tramp and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, Chaplins childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship. As his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine, when he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor. At 19, he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company, Chaplin was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a fan base. Chaplin directed his own films from a stage and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual. By 1918, he was one of the figures in the world. In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him control over his films. His first feature-length was The Kid, followed by A Woman of Paris, The Gold Rush and he refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights and Modern Times without dialogue. Chaplin became increasingly political, and his film, The Great Dictator. The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and he was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and he abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux, Limelight, A King in New York, and A Countess from Hong Kong. Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in and he was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramps struggles against adversity, many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. In 1972, as part of an appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times
34.
James Dean
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James Byron Dean was an American actor. The other two roles that defined his stardom were loner Cal Trask in East of Eden and surly ranch hand Jett Rink in Giant, Deans premature death in a car crash cemented his legendary status. He became the first actor to receive a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, in 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie star of Golden Age Hollywood in AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars list. James Dean was born February 8,1931, at the Seven Gables apartment on the corner of 4th Street and McClure Street in Marion, Indiana and his parents were of mostly English ancestry, with smaller amounts of German, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. Six years after his father had left farming to become a technician, Dean and his family moved to Santa Monica. He was enrolled at Brentwood Public School in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, the family spent several years there, and by all accounts, Dean was very close to his mother. According to Michael DeAngelis, she was the only capable of understanding him. In 1938, she was struck with acute stomach pain. She died of cancer when Dean was nine years old. Unable to care for his son, Deans father sent him to live with Deans aunt Ortense and her husband, Marcus Winslow, on a farm in Fairmount, Indiana, Deans father served in World War II and later remarried. According to Billy J. Harbin, Dean had a relationship with his pastor. Their alleged sexual relationship was suggested in the 1994 book Boulevard of Broken Dreams, The Life, Times, in 2011, it was reported that Dean once confided in Elizabeth Taylor that he was sexually abused by a minister approximately two years after his mothers death. Other reports on Deans life also suggest that he was sexually abused by DeWeerd as a child or had a sexual relationship with him as a late teenager. Deans overall performance in school was exceptional and he was a popular student and he played on the baseball and varsity basketball teams, studied drama, and competed in public speaking through the Indiana High School Forensic Association. After graduating from Fairmount High School in May 1949, Dean moved back to California with his dog, Max and he enrolled in Santa Monica College and majored in pre-law. He transferred to UCLA for one semester and changed his major to drama and he pledged the Sigma Nu fraternity but was never initiated. While at UCLA, Dean was picked from a group of 350 actors to portray Malcolm in Macbeth, at that time, he also began acting in James Whitmores workshop. In January 1951, he dropped out of UCLA to pursue a career as an actor
35.
Middle of the Night
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Middle of the Night is a 1959 American drama film directed by Delbert Mann, and released by Columbia Pictures. It was entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival and it stars Fredric March and Kim Novak. The screenplay was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from his Broadway play of the same name, a 24-year-old divorcee, Betty Preisser, a receptionist for a clothing manufacturer, takes some office work home. Her boss, widower Jerry Kingsley, a man of 56, professional acquaintances but not personal ones, Betty tells Jerry of her loveless marriage to George, a musician. Jerry has a daughter about her age, Lillian, and also a sister, Evelyn. Jerry works up the nerve to invite Betty to dinner and he meets Bettys mother, Mrs. Mueller, and sister Alice, who share the apartment with Betty. Their relationship grows, but she professes to be leery of dating her employer, Jerry wonders if their age difference is really behind her reluctance. Despite this, a May–December romance between them develops, Mrs. Mueller calls him a dirty old man, while Jerrys sister calls Betty a fortune hunter and him a fool. Lillians husband Jack offers congratulations, earning scorn from his wife, a colleague, Walter Lockman, trapped in a long and unhappy marriage, urges Jerry to do whatever it takes to find true happiness. George returns to town and tries to persuade Betty to return to him, in a moment of weakness, they have a romantic tryst. Betty regrets it and explains to Jerry that it meant nothing to her emotionally and his sister observes how depressed Jerry has become when he returns home. At his lowest ebb, he learns that Walter has taken an overdose of pills in a suicide attempt. Jerry sees it as a sign to seize the joy in life while he still can and he returns to Bettys waiting arms. Future Oscar winners Martin Balsam and Lee Grant also star in this film and it was originally a stage play starring Edward G. Robinson. Some of the stage cast were in the film
36.
James Mason
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James Neville Mason was an English actor. He was nominated for three Academy Awards and three Golden Globes, Mason was born in Huddersfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to Mabel Hattersley and John Mason. His father was a textile merchant. He was educated at Marlborough College, and earned a first in architecture at Peterhouse, Mason had no formal training in acting and initially embarked upon it for fun. After Cambridge he made his debut in Aldershot in The Rascal in 1931. He joined The Old Vic theatre in London under the guidance of Tyrone Guthrie, in 1933 Alexander Korda gave Mason a small role in The Private Life of Don Juan but sacked him three days into shooting. From 1935-38, he starred in many British quota quickies, Mason became hugely popular for his brooding anti-heroes in the Gainsborough series of melodramas of the 1940s, including The Man in Grey and The Wicked Lady. He also starred with Deborah Kerr and Robert Newton in Hatters Castle and he then took the lead role in the popular The Seventh Veil, which set box office records in post-war Britain and raised him to international stardom. He followed it with a role as a mortally wounded IRA bank robber on the run in Odd Man Out and his first Hollywood film, exhibitors voted him the most popular star in Britain in each year between 1944 and 1947. They also thought he was the most popular star in 1946. He was the most popular star in Canada in 1948. Masons languid but impassioned vocal talent enabled him to play a villain as easily as his good looks assisted him as a leading man. His roles include Brutus in Julius Caesar, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in The Desert Fox, The Story of Rommel and The Desert Rats, in the 1950s, Mason was host of Lux Video Theatre on CBS television. In 1963 he settled in Switzerland, and embarked on a transatlantic career, one of his last roles, that of corrupt lawyer Ed Concannon in The Verdict, earned him his third and final Oscar nomination. Mason had been a neighbour and friend of the comedian. Having completed playing the role in Dr. This was to be Masons final screen performance, in the late 1970s, Mason became a mentor to up-and-coming actor Sam Neill. Mason was a lover of animals, particularly cats
37.
Cleopatra (1963 film)
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Cleopatra is a 1963 American epic historical drama film chronicling the struggles of Cleopatra VII, the young Queen of Egypt, to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome. It was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and shot in the 70 mm Todd-AO format, with a screenplay adapted by Mankiewicz, Ranald MacDougall, the film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Rex Harrison, Roddy McDowall, and Martin Landau. It was the most expensive ever made up to that point. Cleopatra later won four Academy Awards, and was nominated for five more, Caesar follows him to Egypt, under the pretext of being named the executor of the will of their father, Ptolemy XII. Much to his dismay, Caesar is given Pompeys head as a gift, as Caesar stays in one of the palaces, a slave named Apollodorus brings him a gift. When the suspicious Caesar unrolls the rug, he finds Cleopatra herself concealed within and he is intrigued with her beauty and warm personality, and she convinces him to restore her throne from her younger brother. Soon after, Cleopatra warns Caesar that her brother has surrounded the palace with his soldiers, counterattacking, he orders the Egyptian fleet burned so he can gain control of the harbor. The fire spreads to the city, destroying the famous Library of Alexandria, Cleopatra angrily confronts Caesar, but he refuses to pull troops away from the fight with Ptolemys forces to quell the fire. In the middle of their spat, Caesar forcefully kisses her, the Romans hold, and the armies of Mithridates arrive on Egyptian soil, causing Ptolemys offensive to collapse. The following day, Caesar is in control of the kingdom. Cleopatra is crowned Queen of Egypt and she begins to develop megalomaniacal dreams of ruling the world with Caesar, who in turn desires to become king of Rome. They marry, and when their son Caesarion is born, Caesar accepts him publicly, which becomes the talk of Rome, after he is made dictator for life, Caesar sends for Cleopatra. She arrives in Rome in a procession and wins the adulation of the Roman people. The Senate grows increasingly discontented amid rumors that Caesar wishes to be made king, on the Ides of March in 44 BC, the Senate is preparing to vote on whether to award Caesar additional powers. They assassinate Caesar and split up the empire, Lepidus receives Africa, Octavian Spain and Gaul, however, the rivalry between Octavian and Antony is becoming apparent. Cleopatra is angered after Caesars will recognizes his adopted son Octavian instead of Caesarion as his official heir, while planning a campaign against Parthia in the east, Antony realizes he needs money and supplies, and cannot get enough from anywhere but Egypt. After refusing several times to leave Egypt, Cleopatra gives in, Antony becomes drunk during a lavish feast. Cleopatra sneaks away, leaving a slave dressed as her, but Antony discovers the trick, the war is decided at the naval Battle of Actium on September 2,31 BC where Octavians fleet, under the command of Agrippa, defeats the Antony-Egyptian fleet
38.
The Greatest Story Ever Told
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The Greatest Story Ever Told is a 1965 American epic film produced and directed by George Stevens. It is a retelling of the story of Jesus Christ, from the Nativity through the Resurrection and this film is notable for its large ensemble cast and for being the last film appearance of Claude Rains. The Greatest Story Ever Told originated as a U. S. radio series in 1947, the series was adapted into a 1949 novel by Fulton Oursler, a senior editor at Readers Digest. Darryl F. Zanuck, the head of 20th Century Fox, acquired the rights to the Oursler novel shortly after publication. In 1958, when George Stevens was producing and directing The Diary of Anne Frank at 20th Century Fox, Stevens created a company, The Greatest Story Productions, to film the novel. The screenplay took two years to write, Stevens collaborated with Ivan Moffat and then with James Lee Barrett. It was the only time Stevens received screenplay credit for a film he directed, ray Bradbury and Reginald Rose were considered but neither participated. The poet Carl Sandburg was solicited, though it is not certain if any of his contributions were included, Sandburg, however, did receive screen credit for creative association. Financial excesses began to grow during pre-production, Stevens commissioned French artist André Girard to prepare 352 oil paintings of Biblical scenes to use as storyboards. Stevens also traveled to the Vatican to see Pope John XXIII for advice, in August 1961, 20th Century Fox withdrew from the project, noting that $2.3 million had been spent without any footage being shot. Stevens was given two years to another studio or 20th Century Fox would reclaim its rights. Stevens moved the film to United Artists, for The Greatest Story Ever Told, Stevens cast Swedish actor Max von Sydow as Jesus. Von Sydow had never appeared in an English-language film and was best known for his performances in Ingmar Bergmans dramatic films, Stevens wanted an actor unknown to international audiences, free of secular and unseemly associations in the mind of the public. The Greatest Story Ever Told featured an ensemble of actors, many of them in brief, even cameo. Stevens shot The Greatest Story Ever Told in the U. S. southwest, in Arizona, California, Nevada, Stevens explained his decision to use the U. S. rather than in the Middle East or Europe in 1962. I wanted to get an effect of grandeur as a background to Christ, I know that Colorado is not the Jordan, nor is Southern Utah Palestine. But our intention is to romanticize the area, and it can be done better here, forty-seven sets were constructed, on location and in Hollywood studios, to accommodate Stevens vision. The Jerusalem city set was built near the northwest corner of RKO Forty Acres by early 1963, to fill location scenes with extras, Stevens turned to local sources – R. O. T. C
39.
Nevada Smith
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Nevada Smith is a 1966 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Steve McQueen. The film was made by Embassy Pictures and Solar Productions, in association with and released by Paramount Pictures. The movie was a prequel to the novel by Harold Robbins, The Carpetbaggers, the supporting cast of Nevada Smith includes Karl Malden, Brian Keith, Martin Landau, Arthur Kennedy, Suzanne Pleshette, Janet Margolin, Pat Hingle and Paul Fix. In the West of the 1890s, a trio of outlaws, Bill Bowdre, Jesse Coe and Tom Fitch, robs, tortures and brutally kills the white father, the outlaws have stolen the fathers grey horse with a double SS brand. Max sets out to avenge their deaths and uses clue to trail the men. During his travels in the desert, Max uncovers an old, when he comes upon Jonas Cord, Sr. a traveling gunsmith, he tries to rob him. Cord, recognizing that Maxs revolver is not loaded and is useless, Max tells Cord of his vengeful journey. Cord takes pity on him, takes him in, feeds him, Max hunts the killers, who have separated. He tracks down Jesse Coe to Abilene, Texas, with the help of dancehall girl Neesa, a woman from the same tribe as his mother, he confronts him in a salon. Coe escapes and a fight ensues in a nearby corral. Coe is killed but Max is severely wounded, Neesa takes him to her tribes camp, where she nurses him back to health. Once he recovers, Max leaves Neesa to continue his pursuit and he reads that Bowdre is in a prison camp in Louisiana for a failed bank robbery. He commits a robbery, deliberately gets caught, and is sent to the same prison where Bowdre is serving time. Bowdre does not recognize Max whose plan is to convince Bowdre to join him in an escape attempt, Pilar, a local Cajun girl working in the rice fields near the convicts’ camp, gives Max comfort. She knows nothing about Maxs plan to kill Bowdre but knows her way around the swamp and she finds a boat and joins the escape. The boat capsizes early on and Pilar is bitten by a snake, Max kills Bowdre and Pilar dies of the bite. Fitch, the last of the murderers, keeps a tobacco pouch with beaded deerskin made from the Indian dress of Maxs mother, still blinded by revenge, Max pursues Fitch and manages to infiltrate Fitchs gang, calling himself Nevada Smith. Fitch is aware that Max Sand has killed Coe and Bowdre and is out there somewhere, though he accepts Nevada into the gang, Fitch is wary of him
40.
List of Mission: Impossible characters
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This is a list of recurring fictional characters in the original television series Mission, Impossible. The cast changed considerably episode-by-episode throughout the programs run, so not all of the characters listed above took part in every mission that season. Many missions used one-time agents who were brought in as guest stars, often, these agents were brought in for a specific skill, such as a pathologist, a psychic medium, or a contortionist. Daniel Dan Briggs’s main role in the team was as its captain, he received the instructions from the Voice on Tape, and selected and coordinated the best people for the mission at hand. The team frequently consisted of Cinnamon Carter, Willy Armitage, Barney Collier and he briefed the team, then if needed, handed out extra disguises or devices. As was the case with most characters in the series, Briggss background, the first mission of the series indicated that he had not worked with the IMF for some time prior to that mission. Another mission, Old Man Out, revealed that he had once romanced an IMF agent played by Mary Ann Mobley, Briggs was depicted at times as a cold, calculating character, quite willing to kill to complete a mission. Notably, he was the member of the IMF shown personally killing a nontarget in anything other than self-defense. At other times, he exhibited an attitude towards his agents. Several episodes, such as Shock, revealed that Briggs had acting, voice mimicry, at the start of the second season, James Phelps took over as lead of the IMF team, and no on-air explanation was offered for Briggss disappearance. The real-life reason was that actor Steven Hills Orthodox Jewish religious beliefs conflicted with the shooting schedule. By mutual consent, his contract was not renewed for season two, Rollin Hand’s role as an IMF agent was that of an actor and disguise expert. In a theatrical brochure that headed his dossier, he was described as a quick-change artist, as such, he had formidable skills in mimicry and voice imitation, as well as a mastery of make-up that rivaled that of Lon Chaney, Sr. He was also an expert at sleight of hand and pickpocketing and his language and cultural skills were formidable. He regularly passed himself off as a citizen of various Latin American and Eastern European countries and he also successfully impersonated well-known public figures, such as the dictator of a fictitious Latin American country, rumored Nazi fugitive Martin Bormann, and indeed even Adolf Hitler. On at least two missions, he successfully impersonated a left-handed person, doing all gestures and reflexive actions left-handed when Rollin himself was right-handed. He successfully falsified a wide variety of maladies in the course of missions to targets, including seizures. His abilities as a man were instrumental to the success of a number of missions
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Gerry Anderson
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Gerry Anderson, MBE was an English television and film producer, director, writer and occasional voice artist. He remains famous for his television programmes, especially his 1960s productions filmed with Supermarionation. Andersons first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh childrens series The Adventures of Twizzle, Supercar and Fireball XL5 followed later, both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series, Thunderbirds, other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. Anderson also wrote and produced feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional. Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Andersons New Captain Scarlet, gerald Alexander Abrahams was born in the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital in Bloomsbury, London, and spent the early years of his life in Kilburn, and Neasden, London. He was educated at Kingsgate Infants School in Kilburn and Braintcroft Junior and Senior schools in Neasden and his parents were Deborah and Joseph Abrahams. Andersons Jewish paternal grandfather had the surname Bieloglovski and he fled from an area near the Poland–Russia border and settled in London, his name was changed to Abrahams by an immigration official upon his arrival in 1895. Andersons mother Deborah changed the name to Anderson in 1939. At the start of the Second World War, Gerry Andersons elder brother, Lionel, volunteered for service in the Royal Air Force, he was stationed in the United States for advanced training. Lionel often wrote letters to his family, and in one letter described a US Army Air Forces air base called Thunderbird Field, on 16 October 1952, Anderson married Betty Wrightman. They had two daughters, Linda and Joy, Gerry Anderson began his career in photography, earning a traineeship with the British Colonial Film Unit after the war. He developed an interest in editing and moved on to Gainsborough Pictures. In 1947 he was conscripted for service with the Royal Air Force. He was based at RAF Manston, an airfield near Margate, on one occasion, a Spitfire was coming in to land. It was only about 50 feet above the ground before the runway controller alerted the pilot to the fact the planes undercarriage hadnt lowered, the pilot opened up the throttle and climbed away. As this was a moment Anderson always remembered, he found it all too easy to write about aircraft when he devised stories for Thunderbirds, after completing his military service, he returned to Gainsborough, where he worked until the studio was closed in 1950. He then worked freelance on a series of feature films, in the mid-1950s, Anderson joined the independent television production company Polytechnic Studios as a director, where he met cameraman Arthur Provis
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Barry Morse
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Herbert Barry Morse was an English-Canadian actor of stage, screen and radio best known for his roles in the ABC television series The Fugitive and the British sci-fi drama Space,1999. His performing career spanned seven decades and he had thousands of roles to his credit, including work for the BBC, born to a Cockney family, Morse was a 15-year-old school dropout and errand boy when he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He performed the role of the Lion in Androcles and the Lion and as a result came to know George Bernard Shaw and his first paid job as an actor while still a student was in If I Were King. At graduation he starred in the role of Shakespeares Henry V, presented as a Royal Command Performance for King George VI. Upon graduation, Morse won the BBCs Radio Prize which led to several parts, later, among dozens of other roles, he played the lead in William Shakespeares Hamlet and starred as Paul Temple in the radio series Send for Paul Temple Again. He later performed on CBC radio beginning in 1951 and continuing to the 1980s, including the long-running series A Touch of Greasepaint, the Joe McCarthy-inspired The Investigator and 1984. He also starred in a number of U. S. productions in the 1970s and 1980s for producer Yuri Rasovsky, including The Odyssey of Homer, which won a Peabody Award. Morses final radio performance, Rogues and Vagabonds - A Theatrical Scrapbook, aired on internet radio KSAV7 August and 9 August 2007, the hour-long special audio drama was composed of a half-dozen vignettes and performances culled from theatrical history, including William Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw. Morse was a member of theatre companies in Peterborough, Nottingham. In 1941 he joined the tour of The First Mrs. Fraser starring Dame Marie Tempest. He debuted on the London West End stage in The School for Slavery, Other West End productions included Escort, The Assassin and A Bullet in the Ballet. He was directed by John Gielgud in Crisis in Heaven, Morse made his film debut in the 1942 comedy The Goose Steps Out with Will Hay and continued with roles in Thunder Rock, When We Are Married and This Man is Mine with Glynis Johns and Nova Pilbeam. Other notable films include Kings of the Sun with Yul Brynner, Justine and he also appeared in the thrillers Asylum with Peter Cushing, Funeral Home with Kay Hawtrey and Lesleh Donaldson, and The Changeling with George C. Scott. He worked on several Lacewood animated productions, notably as the voice of Dragon in The Railway Dragon, in 1999 he filmed the dramatic comedy Taxman with Billy Zane, released as Promise Her Anything and on DVD as Nothing to Declare. His final film appearance was in I Really Hate My Job, Morse performed on Broadway in Hide and Seek, Salad Days, and the lead of Frederick Rolfe in Hadrian the Seventh, which he also played in Australia, co-starring with Frank Thring. He directed the historic Broadway debut of Staircase starring Eli Wallach and Milo OShea and he also starred in the U. S. national tour of Harold Pinters The Caretaker as Davies. Morse was perhaps the actor to have performed in every play of William Shakespeare. Morse served as Artistic Director of the Shaw Festival of Canada for the 1966 season, in 1995, he premiered the Elizabeth Sharland play The Private Life of George Bernard Shaw in Toronto, also starring Shirley Knight
