1.
East London
–
East London is a popularly and informally defined part of London, capital of the United Kingdom, lying east of the ancient City and north of the River Thames. East London comprises the whole of six modern London Boroughs – Tower Hamlets, Newham, Waltham Forest, Barking and Dagenham, Redbridge, Havering –, the East End of London is a subset of East London, consisting of areas close to the ancient City of London. The Eastern Postal District is a different subset of East London, the most recent iteration includes the seven boroughs north of the Thames with the addition of three boroughs south of the river. The East End is the old core of East London and there are differing views about how much of East London should be considered part of core area. Aldgate Pump on the edge of the City is a start of East London – more specifically the East End. Tower Bridge is sometimes described in these terms. This well established, but unofficial, definition takes in six modern London boroughs and most of a seventh, the parts of Hackney within East London are, Shoreditch including those parts – notably Hoxton – outside the E postcode area but usually considered part of the core East End. An area closely, but not quite exactly, corresponding to the E5, E8 and this takes in Dalston, central Hackney, Homerton, Hackney Wick and Lower and Upper Clapton. The remaining areas of Hackney are usually considered to be part of north London, as well as extramural parts of the City, East London comprises, The E postcode area was introduced in 1857 to facilitate the distribution of mail. The postcode area is a sub-set of East London, with notable exclusions, Hoxton in Shoreditch which is part of the N postcode area. The eastern suburbs built after the introduction of the E postcode area, London currently has 73 parliamentary constituencies, of which 12 are fully and 4 partially in East London. It is anticipated that after 2018 London’s total will be reduced to 68, the 2011 iteration of the London Plan included an altered ‘East’ region, to be used for planning, engagement, resource allocation and progress reporting purposes. As well as seven boroughs north of the river, the ‘East’ sub-region also includes three boroughs to the south of it, Greenwich, Bexley and Lewisham, East London is located in the lower Thames valley. The marshes along the Thames which once stretched from Wapping to Rainham are almost completely gone. The East End, the old core of modern East London, began with the growth of London beyond the city walls, along the Roman Roads leading from Bishopsgate and Aldgate. Urbanisation accelerated in the 16th century and the area that would become known as the East End began to take shape. The relevance of Strypes reference to the Tower was more than geographical, the East End was the major part of an area called the Tower Division, which owed military service to the Tower of London. Later, as the East End grew and the Tower Division contracted, the westernmost component of the Tower Division was the Ancient Parish of Shoreditch which would become fully urbanised as part of the East End\East London
East London
–
Ogilby & Morgan's map of the City of London (1673). "A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls, & Houses &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by
John Ogilby, His Majesties Cosmographer.".
East London
–
East London in the current official London sub-regions
2.
Mexico City
–
Mexico City, or City of Mexico, is the capital and most populous city of Mexico. As an alpha global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas and it is located in the Valley of Mexico, a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres. The city consists of sixteen municipalities, the 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of 1,485 square kilometres. The Greater Mexico City has a domestic product of US$411 billion in 2011. The city was responsible for generating 15. 8% of Mexicos Gross Domestic Product, as a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America—five times as large as Costa Ricas and about the same size as Perus. Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians, the other being Quito. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the district was created in 1824. Ever since, the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution has controlled both of them, in recent years, the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies, such as abortion on request, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, and same-sex marriage. On January 29,2016, it ceased to be called the Federal District and is now in transition to become the countrys 32nd federal entity, giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state. Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution, however, as the seat of the powers of the federation, it can never become a state, the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan was founded by the Mexica people in 1325. According to legend, the Mexicas principal god, Huitzilopochtli indicated the site where they were to build their home by presenting an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak. Between 1325 and 1521, Tenochtitlan grew in size and strength, eventually dominating the other city-states around Lake Texcoco, when the Spaniards arrived, the Aztec Empire had reached much of Mesoamerica, touching both the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. After landing in Veracruz, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés advanced upon Tenochtitlan with the aid of many of the native peoples. Cortés put Moctezuma under house arrest, hoping to rule through him, the Aztecs thought the Spaniards were permanently gone, and they elected a new king, Cuitláhuac, but he soon died, the next king was Cuauhtémoc. Cortés began a siege of Tenochtitlan in May 1521, for three months, the city suffered from the lack of food and water as well as the spread of smallpox brought by the Europeans. Cortés and his allies landed their forces in the south of the island, the Spaniards practically razed Tenochtitlan during the final siege of the conquest. Cortés first settled in Coyoacán, but decided to rebuild the Aztec site to erase all traces of the old order and he did not establish a territory under his own personal rule, but remained loyal to the Spanish crown
Mexico City
–
From above
Torre Latinoamericana,
Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral,
Anillo Periférico,
World Trade Center Mexico City,
Angel of Independence,
Chapultepec Castle,
St. Regis Hotel Tower and
Torre Mayor, Skyline of
Paseo de la Reforma and
Palacio de Bellas Artes.
Mexico City
–
Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital.
Mexico City
–
The ruins of the
Templo Mayor.
Mexico City
–
The
Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral was built by the Spaniards over the ruins of the main Aztec temple.
3.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park — Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn Southern California cemeteries. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Dr, Los Angeles, CA90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Forest Lawn — Hollywood Hills is a dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries. The park features such sights as, The Court of Liberty features statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, at 162 feet long and 28 feet high, Birth of Liberty is the largest historical mosaic in the United States. It is composed of ten pieces of Venetian glass and depicts twenty-five scenes from early America. The Old North Church, a replica of Bostons historic church. The historical rooms have documents and mementos of the colonial period, the Hall of Liberty American History Museum has a copy of the Liberty Bell and other exhibits. The museum has a 1, 200-seat auditorium, monument to Washington, a marble and bronze tribute to Americas first president, created by sculptor Thomas Ball. Four of Washingtons generals are honored in the memorial, the Lincoln Terrace features a 16-foot bronze statue of the 16th president by Augustus St. Gaudens, flanked by a panoramic mosaic depicting key scenes from Lincolns life. The Plaza of Mesoamerican Heritage has indigenous/non-Christian sculptures by Meliton Salas Rodriguez, of Guadalajara, the first Forest Lawn, in Glendale, was founded in 1906 by businessmen who hired Dr. Hubert Eaton, a firm believer in a joyous life after death. Before it was a cemetery, Forest Lawn was a location used by directors such as Carl Laemmle. The climactic battle scenes for D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation were filmed there. The alternate names of the site are Providencia Flats, Nestor Ranch, Oak Ranch, Oak Crest Ranch, Universal Ranch/Universal City, Lasky Ranch. When Eaton made known his desire to open a second Forest Lawn location in the Hollywood Hills, the local residents protested vehemently. To circumvent the protesters, Mr. Eaton sent his staff to the county morgue to claim 6 John Does, in the morning, the protesters had no power because, by law, the property was now a cemetery. A mausoleum, for crypt or vault interments, a crematory and columbarium, for cinerary interments. A place where six or more bodies are buried. The new mortuary and cemetery opened in 1952, interred or entombed in the Hollywood Hills cemetery are many famous people, particularly from the entertainment industry
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
–
View from
Griffith Park
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
–
A section of the Birth of Liberty
mosaic
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
–
A large
Aztec calendar replica in the plaza
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
–
Bette Davis ' tomb
4.
British Academy Television Awards
–
The British Academy Television Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. They have been awarded annually since 1955 and it is the British equivalent to the Emmy Awards in the United States. The first ever Awards, given in 1955, consisted of six categories, until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors. From 1958 onwards, after the Guild had merged with the British Film Academy, in 1976, this became the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. The Television Awards are usually presented in April, with a ceremony for the Television Craft Awards on a different date. The Craft Awards are presented for more technical areas of the industry, such as effects, production design. Individual performances, such as actors, can either be entered by the performers themselves or by the broadcasters. The programmes being entered must have been broadcast on or between March and February of the year to be eligible for the years awards. Entry is free, and entry forms are available between November and January each year. After all the entries have been received, they are voted for online by all members of the Academy. The programmes and performances attracting the most votes, usually four in each category, are shortlisted as the nominees for each award. The winner is chosen from the four nominees by a jury of nine academy members for each award. These Awards are suggested by the Television Committee and awarded by the Academys Council and they are not necessarily always given every year, but as and when appropriate. The Awards ceremony is broadcast on British television, usually the day after it has taken place, between 1998 and 2006, it was alternated between ITV and BBC One. But since 2007, it has been broadcast by BBC One, in 1991, a controversial selection was made in the Best Drama Serial category, when Prime Suspect beat G. B. H. to win the award. Following the ceremony, four of the seven voting members of the signed a public statement declaring that they had voted for G. B. H. to win. B. H. Price claimed that the papers could not be recounted as they had subsequently been destroyed. No blame was attached to Shubik by the four judges
British Academy Television Awards
–
Richard Armitage attending the British Academy Television Awards in 2007.
5.
Saturn Award
–
The award was initially, and is still sometimes, loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and are the oldest Award ceremony dedicated to science fiction, fantasy. The physical award is a representation of the planet Saturn, with its ring composed of film, the Saturn Awards are voted upon by members of the presenting Academy. The Academy is a organization with membership open to the public. Its members include filmmakers Jeff Rector, Rich Correll, Tom De Santo, Mark A. Altman and Irwin Keyes, among others. Although the Award still primarily focuses on films and television in the fiction, fantasy and horror categories. There are also awards for lifetime achievement in film production. The 42nd Saturn Awards were held on June 22,2016, in Burbank, the Saturn Awards are often criticized for having a broad and inconsistent definition of genres, as well as for nominating and awarding movies not related to sci-fi, fantasy or horror. Hugo Award Scream Awards Official website Saturn Awards 2009 at FEARnet Saturn Award at the Internet Movie Database
Saturn Award
–
The Saturn Award
6.
Young Frankenstein
–
Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder as the title character, a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein. The supporting cast includes Teri Garr, Cloris Leachman, Marty Feldman, Peter Boyle, Madeline Kahn, Kenneth Mars, Richard Haydn, the screenplay was written by Wilder and Brooks. The film is an parody of the classic horror film genre. Most of the lab equipment used as props was created by Kenneth Strickfaden for the 1931 film Frankenstein, the film also features a period score by Brooks longtime composer John Morris. On its 40th anniversary, Brooks considered it by far his finest film as a writer-director, Dr. Frederick Frankenstein is a lecturing physician at an American medical school and engaged to the tightly wound socialite Elizabeth. At the Transylvania train station, he is met by a hunchbacked, bug-eyed servant named Igor, upon arrival at the estate, Frederick meets the forbidding housekeeper Frau Blücher. He and Igor steal the corpse of an executed criminal. Matters go awry when Igor is sent to steal the brain of a deceased revered historian, Hans Delbrück, startled by lightning, he drops, taking a second brain, Igor returns with a brain labeled Do Not Use This Brain. Abnormal, which Frederick unknowingly transplants into the corpse, soon, Frederick is ready to re-animate his creature, who is eventually brought to life by electrical charges during a lightning storm. The creature makes its first halting steps, but, frightened by Igor lighting a match, he attacks Frederick, kemp visits the doctor and subsequently demands assurance that he will not create another monster. Upon returning to the lab, Frederick discovers Blücher setting the creature free, while roaming the countryside, the monster has frustrating encounters with a young girl and a blind hermit. Frederick offers the sight of The Creature following simple commands to a full of illustrious guests. The demonstration continues with Frederick and the monster launching into the musical number Puttin On the Ritz, however, the routine ends disastrously when a stage light explodes and frightens the monster, who becomes enraged and charges into the audience, where he is captured and chained by police. Back in the laboratory, Inga attempts to comfort Frederick and the two wind-up sleeping together on the suspended reanimation table, the monster escapes when Fredericks fiancee Elizabeth arrives unexpectedly for a visit, taking Elizabeth captive as he flees. Elizabeth falls in love with the due to his inhuman stamina. The townspeople hunt for the monster, desperate to get the creature back, Frederick plays the violin to lure his creation back to the castle and recaptures him. Just as the Kemp-led mob storms the laboratory, Frankenstein transfers some of his intellect to the creature who, as a result, is able to reason with. Gene Wilder as Dr. Hilltop Danny Goldman as Medical Student Oscar Beregi as Sadistic Jailor Arthur Malet as Village Elder Richard Roth as Insp
Young Frankenstein
–
Theatrical release poster
7.
East End of London
–
The East End of London, also known simply as the East End, is an area of Central and East London, England, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, and north of the River Thames. The relevance of Strypes reference to the Tower was more than geographical, the East End was the major part of an area called the Tower Division, which owed military service to the Tower of London. Later, as the East End grew and the Tower Division contracted, the area was notorious for its deep poverty, overcrowding and associated social problems. This has led to the East End’s history of political activism. Another major theme of East End history has been that of migration, Irish weavers, Ashkenazi Jews and, in the 20th century, Bangladeshis. The East End lies east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, Aldgate Pump on the edge of the City is the symbolic start of the East End and, on the river, Tower Bridge is also sometimes also described in these terms. Beyond these references though, the East End has no official or popularly accepted boundaries, a common preference is to include the modern borough of Tower Hamlets, together with the former parish and borough of Shoreditch. This version makes the East End conterminous with the Tower Division of Middlesex under the borders that area had in the 19th century when the East End completed the process of urbanisation, an alternative definition is based solely on the modern borough of Tower Hamlets. Parts of the old parish and borough of Hackney are sometimes included, while others include areas east of the Lea such as West Ham, East Ham, Leyton, knew not the way to the East End. The East End began with the growth of London beyond the walls, along the Roman Roads leading from Bishopsgate and Aldgate. Building accelerated in the 16th century, and the area that would become known East End began to take shape. The relevance of Strypes reference to the Tower was more than geographical, the East End was the major part of an area called the Tower Division, which had its roots in the Bishop of Londons historic Manor of Stepney and owed military service to the Tower of London. Later, as the East End grew and the Tower Division contracted, for a very long time the East End was physically separated from the Londons western growth by the open spaces known as Moorfields. Shoreditchs boundary with the parish of St Lukes ran through the Moorfields countryside becoming, on urbanisation and that line, with very slight modifications, has also become the boundary of the modern London Boroughs of Hackney and Islington. From the beginning, the East End has always contained some of the poorest areas of London, the main reasons for this include the following, the medieval system of copyhold, which prevailed throughout the East End, into the 19th century. Essentially, there was little point in developing land that was held on short leases, the siting of noxious industries, such as tanning and fulling downwind outside the boundaries of the City, and therefore beyond complaints and official controls. Historically, the East End is arguably conterminous with the Manor of Stepney and this manor was held by the Bishop of London, in compensation for his duties in maintaining and garrisoning the Tower of London. Further ecclesiastic holdings came about from the need to enclose the marshes, Edward VI passed the land to the Wentworth family, and thence to their descendants, the Earls of Cleveland
East End of London
–
1882 Reynolds Map of the East End. Development has now eliminated the open fields pictured on the map.
East End of London
–
1745
Rocque Map of the East End. London is expanding, but there are still large areas of fields to the east of the City.
East End of London
–
Ogilby & Morgan's map of the City of London (1673). "A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls, & Houses &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by
John Ogilby, His Majesties Cosmographer.".
East End of London
–
William Booth founded the Salvation Army, in Whitechapel, in 1878
8.
Ukraine
–
Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2, making it the largest country entirely within Europe and it has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC, during the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, two brief periods of independence occurred during the 20th century, once near the end of World War I and another during World War II. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, following independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state. Nonetheless it formed a limited partnership with the Russian Federation and other CIS countries. In the 2000s, the government began leaning towards NATO, and it was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future. Former President Viktor Yanukovych considered the current level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient, and was against Ukraine joining NATO and these events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic part of the Deep, Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands and is one of the worlds largest grain exporters. The diversified economy of Ukraine includes a heavy industry sector, particularly in aerospace. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers, legislative, executive. Its capital and largest city is Kiev, taking into account reserves and paramilitary personnel, Ukraine maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. Ukrainian is the language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy, which has strongly influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature, there are different hypotheses as to the etymology of the name Ukraine. According to the older and most widespread hypothesis, it means borderland, while more recently some studies claim a different meaning, homeland or region. The Ukraine now implies disregard for the sovereignty, according to U. S. ambassador William Taylor. Neanderthal settlement in Ukraine is seen in the Molodova archaeological sites include a mammoth bone dwelling
Ukraine
–
Gold
Scythian pectoral, or neckpiece, from a royal
kurgan in
Ordzhonikidze, dated to the 4th century BC
Ukraine
–
Flag
Ukraine
–
Principalities of
Kievan Rus', 1054-1132
Ukraine
–
The baptism of the Grand Prince Vladimir led to the adoption of Christianity in
Kievan Rus'.
9.
Dreamland Margate
–
Dreamland Margate is an amusement park, entertainment and amusement centre located in Margate, Kent, England. The site of the park was first used for amusement rides in 1880, the number of amusements at the park increased during the 1960s and 1970s, and in 1981 the site was sold to the Benbom brothers, who renamed it Benbom Brothers White Knuckle Theme Park. The name remained until it reverted to Dreamland in 1990, in the early 2000s, the park began to enter into decline, and a number of rides were sold to other theme parks. The parks owner announced in 2003 that Dreamland would be closed, public support and a government report led to the site being sold to Margate Town Centre Regeneration Company in 2005. A number of residents launched a campaign to restore the site, the site fell into a state of disrepair and was subject to a series of arson attacks, one of which significantly damaged the scenic railway. The public campaign to restore the park continued, and in September 2013, in 2014 it was confirmed that the park would be redeveloped. It re-opened in June 2015 as a Re-imagined Dreamland, the Dreamland site was a salt marsh known as the Mere that was inundated at high tide until 1809 when a causeway and seawall were built. Dreamland’s origin dates from 1863 when railway catering contractors Spiers and Pond opened a restaurant and dance hall in the unused railway terminus on the Mere causeway. Not being very successful, the ‘Hall by the Sea’ was bought by the Reeve family of Margate in 1870 for £3,750 who gradually also acquired the land at the rear of the Hall. In 1870, circus entrepreneur George Sanger went into partnership in the Hall by the Sea with Thomas Dalby Reeve, after Reeve’s death in 1875, Sanger became the sole proprietor of the Hall and the land behind it. The land behind the Hall, the former ‘Mere, ’ was turned into pleasure gardens with a ruined abbey, lake, statues. Cages and gothic walls on the Dreamland western and southern boundaries date from this time, the main purpose of the menagerie was to act as a breeding and training centre for the animals used in the travelling circus. The first amusement rides were installed as early as 1880 when ‘Sea on Land’ machines were installed, passengers sat in ‘boats’ that were made by a system of levers to pitch and roll as though at sea – a direct antecedent of the contemporary ‘flight simulator’ rides. In 1893 a large skating rink was built, shortly after this, the park gained some notoriety as the venue for the murder of a sex-worker by the local circus strong man. Sanger died in 1911 during a scuffle arising from the murder of a friend. In the end, the site was purchased from his estate in 1919 for £40,000 by John Henry Iles who had set up theme parks all over the world, including Cairo, Berlin, Petrograd. The ride opened to the public in 1920 with great success, Iles also bought other rides common to the time to the park including a smaller roller coaster, the Joy Wheel, Miniature Railway, The Whip, and the River Caves. A ballroom was constructed on the site of the rink in 1920
Dreamland Margate
–
Scenic Railway 1930's
Dreamland Margate
–
Cinema Building August 2014
Dreamland Margate
–
Scenic Railway June 2014
Dreamland Margate
–
Opening Day, 19 June 2015
10.
Funfair
–
A fair is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. It is normally of the essence of a fair that it is temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks, variations of fairs include, Street fair, a fair that celebrates the character of a neighborhood. As its name suggests, it is held on the main street of a neighborhood. Fête, a festival, party, or celebration. County fair or agricultural show, an event exhibiting the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with agriculture. State fair, a competitive and recreational gathering of a U. S. states population. It is a version of a county fair, often including only exhibits or competitors that have won in their categories at the more local county fairs. Traveling carnival, usually called a carnival, an amusement show made up of amusement rides, food vendors, merchandise vendors, games of chance and skill, thrill acts. Travelling funfair, a small to medium-sized travelling show primarily composed of stalls, the Roman fairs were holidays on which there was an intermission of labour and pleadings. Fairs were usually tied to a special Christian religious occasions, such as the Saints day of the local church, Stagshaw in England, is documented to have held annual fairs as early as 1293 consisting of the sales of animals. Along with the fair held on 4 July, the city also hosted smaller fairs throughout the year where specific types of animals were sold, such as one for horses, one for lambs. Kumbha means a pitcher and Mela means fair in Sanskrit, in the United States, fairs draw in as many as 150 million people each summer. Childrens competitions at an American fair range from breeding small animals to robotics, because of the great numbers of people attracted by fairs they were often the scenes of riots and disturbances, so the privilege of holding a fair was granted by royal charter. At first, they were allowed only in towns and places of strength, or where there was a bishop, in time various benefits became attached to certain fairs, such as granting people the protection of a holiday and allowing them freedom from arrest in certain circumstances. The chaotic nature of the Stagshaw Bank Fair with masses of people, the American county fair is featured in E. B. Art exhibition Lists of festivals Fair
Funfair
–
A trade fair for the travel industry
Funfair
–
A boy at the fish pond, the Rockton World's Fair, harvest festival, Canada, 2010
Funfair
–
Roundabouts (or
carousels) are traditional attractions, often seen at fairs.
Funfair
–
Village fair by Flemish artist
Gillis Mostaert 1590
11.
Margate
–
Margate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in Kent, England. It lies 38.1 miles east-north-east of Maidstone, on the coast along the North Foreland and contains the areas of Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay, Margate was recorded as Meregate in 1264 and as Margate in 1299, but the spelling continued to vary into modern times. The name is thought to refer to a gate or gap in a cliff where pools of water are found. The cliffs of the Isle of Thanet are composed of chalk, the towns history is tied closely to the sea and it has a proud maritime tradition. Margate was a limb of Dover in the ancient confederation of the Cinque ports and it was added to the confederation in the 15th century. Margate has been a seaside resort for at least 250 years. Like its neighbour Ramsgate, it has been a holiday destination for Londoners drawn to its sandy beaches. Margate had a Victorian pier which was destroyed by a storm in 1978. Like Brighton and Southend, Margate was infamous for violence between mods and rockers in the 1960s, and mods and skinheads in the 1980s. The Turner Contemporary art gallery occupies a prominent position next to the harbour, the Thanet Offshore Wind Project, completed in 2010, is visible from the seafront. Since 1983, the Member of Parliament for North Thanet, covering northern Thanet and Herne Bay, has been the Conservative, at the 2010 General Election, in North Thanet the Conservatives won a majority of 13,528 and 52. 7% of the vote. Labour won 21. 5% of the vote, Liberal Democrats 19. 4%, Margate was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1857. This was abolished in 1974, since which date Margate has been part of the Thanet district of Kent, the town contains the seven electoral wards of Margate Central, Cliftonville West, Cliftonville East, Westbrook, Garlinge, Dane Valley and Salmestone. These wards have seventeen of the fifty six seats on the Thanet District Council, at the 2007 Local Elections, nine of those seats were held by the Conservatives, seven by Labour and one by an Independent. Margate experiences a climate similar to much of the United Kingdom. Like almost all of southern Britain, Margate experiences mild temperatures, which is complimented by a large amount of sunshine, higher than London. Rainfall is quite low, Margate being one of the drier Kentish towns, at the 2001 UK census, Margate had a population of 40,386. The urban area had a population of 46,980 at the 2001 census, the ethnicity of the town was 97. 1% white,1. 0% mixed race,0. 5% black,0. 8% Asian,0. 6% Chinese or other ethnicity
Margate
–
Margate Clock Tower
Margate
–
A
photochrom print of Margate Harbour in 1897
Margate
–
Margate Clock Tower and buildings on the sea front
Margate
–
Tudor House
12.
Tubby Hayes
–
Edward Brian Tubby Hayes was an English jazz multi-instrumentalist, best known for his tenor saxophone playing in groups with fellow sax player Ronnie Scott and with trumpeter Jimmy Deuchar. Hayes was born in St Pancras, London, and brought up in London and his father was a BBC studio violinist who gave his son violin lessons from an early age. By the age of ten Hayes was playing the piano, Dizzy Gillespie was an early influence, I always used to listen to swing music in the early Forties and, in fact, I was just a kid at the time. I did not really intend becoming a player, though I always liked tenor. I think maybe Dizzy influenced me more than Parker because he was sort of more accessible, he caught your attention more. As far as my influences over the years are concerned, Getz was it at one stage in the proceedings, one much repeated story about Hayes early career was told by Ronnie Scott. Scott was playing at a club in Rose Hill near Sutton, rather patronisingly I suggested a number and off he went. Hayes attended Rutlish School in Merton Park, south London, where his teacher was Roy Howard. After a period spent playing with various bands around London, Hayes left school. In 1951, when he was sixteen, Hayes joined Kenny Bakers sextet, later playing for big-band leaders such as Ambrose, Terry Brown, Tito Burns, Roy Fox, Vic Lewis, and Jack Parnell. In 1955 he formed his own octet, with which he toured the UK for eighteen months, Hayes took up flute and vibraphone during this time, but it was as a tenor-saxophone player that he made and retained his reputation. From 1957 to 1959 he joined Ronnie Scott in co-leading a quintet, The Jazz Couriers, subsequently, Hayes reformed his quartet, and toured Germany with Kurt Edelhagen. Then in 1961 he was invited to play at the Half Note Club in New York City and he played at the Half Note again in 1964, and at the Boston Jazz Workshop the same year, and at Shelly Mannes Manne-Hole in Los Angeles in 1965. Back in London, Hayes formed his own big band, working in television, film, and radio and he stood in for Paul Gonsalves in February 1964 when the Ellington orchestra played at the Royal Festival Hall. Hayes was also a session musician in many genres. Hayes appeared in a number of films, including All Night Long with Charles Mingus and Dave Brubeck and he also played at a wide range of jazz festivals, including Reading, Windsor, Antibes, Lugano, Vienna, and Berlin. Matters were made worse by a combination of relationship, alcohol and narcotics issues and he was arrested in August 1968 for possession of Heroin and was given a suspended sentence. By the end of the year, he had begun to experience breathing difficulties when playing
Tubby Hayes
–
Memorial to Tubby Hayes, Golders Green Crematorium
13.
Trumpet
–
A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family, trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips, producing a sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, there are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B♭, having a tubing length of about 1.48 m. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings, each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter, the earliest trumpets date back to 1500 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver trumpets from Tutankhamuns grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, trumpets from the Oxus civilization of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder. The Shofar, made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth and they were played in Solomons Temple around 3000 years ago. They were said to be used to blow down the walls of Jericho and they are still used on certain religious days. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches long, made of bone or bronze, Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD300, the earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense, and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages, the natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required the player to change crooks of the instrument, the development of the upper, clarino register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli—would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the Golden Age of the natural trumpet. During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters, the art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing is again a thriving art around the world. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a role by most major composers owing to the limitations of the natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844, Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded. The attempt to give the trumpet more chromatic freedom in its range saw the development of the keyed trumpet, the symphonies of Mozart, Beethoven, and as late as Brahms, were still played on natural trumpets
Trumpet
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B ♭ trumpet
Trumpet
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Written range:
Trumpet
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Ceramic trumpet. 300 AD
Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru.
Trumpet
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Reproduction
baroque trumpet by Michael Laird
14.
Comedian
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A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, a comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and this normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e. g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh, Louis C. K. and Malcolm Hardee. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, often a comics career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award. Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, however, a comics stand-up success does not guarantee a films critical or box office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes and he wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes comedy style took the form of satyr plays, the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has an ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeares other plays. Charles Chaplin was the most popular comedian of the first half of the 20th century. He wrote comedic silent films such as Modern Times and The Kid and his films still have a major impact on comedy in films today. One of the most popular forms of comedy is stand-up comedy. Stand-up comedy is a monologue performed by one or more people standing on a stage. Bob Hope was the most popular comedian of the 20th century. Other noted stand-up comedians include George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Louis CK, another popular form of modern-day comedy is talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, Daniel Tosh, Chris Hardwick, Jimmy Fallon, David Letterman, a third form of modern-day comedy is television programs in which many comedians band together to make skits, such as Saturday Night Live. These shows often receive high ratings, likely because many comedians band together to create jokes, one of the most successful comedians is Ellen Degeneres, who has parlayed her comic career into film, television shows, and hosting major media events. In 1986, Ellen DeGeneres appeared for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson since she began gaining popularity as a comic in the 1980s. Johnny Carson, who launched many contemporary comics careers, would invite them to join him on the couch for one-on-one conversation after their set
Comedian
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Charlie Chaplin in the film
The Champion, 1915
Comedian
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Sarah Silverman at
Upright Citizens Brigade in
LA, 2013
Comedian
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Adam Sandler circa 2011
15.
Barry Took
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Barry Took was an English writer, television presenter and comedian. His decade and a writing partnership with Marty Feldman led to the television series Bootsie and Snudge. He is also remembered in the UK for presenting Points of View, a BBC Television programme featuring viewers letters on the BBCs output, and he attended Stationers School but quit school at age 15. His older brother Philip would eventually work for the US Space Program before dying as a young man, with his limited education, Took found work as an office boy for a publisher and a cinema projectionist. In terms of his writing, Tooks best work was written in collaboration with Marty Feldman. The two men wrote for television shows in the 1950s and 1960s, including The Army Game and its spin-off Bootsie. He co-wrote Beyond Our Ken for two series with Eric Merriman for BBC Radio before leaving after a disagreement with his fellow writer, with Marty Feldman he wrote most episodes of Round the Horne, the intermittent partnership between them continued until 1974. He resigned from this position when Stella Richman, his superior, on the Move, a programme linked to a national campaign against adult illiteracy, was written by Took and featured Bob Hoskins and Donald Gee. He was involved in two television series on the issue, Your Move and Write Away. In 1977 Took hosted his own sketch show, Took. Also featuring Robin Bailey, Chris Emmett, Andrew Sachs and Gwen Taylor, in 1979 he became chairman of The News Quiz on BBC Radio 4, a role he filled for the next 17 years. In the same year he became a presenter of Points of View and he had seven books published, including his autobiography and several histories of comedy. He also wrote Kenneth Williamss life story for the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography in 1996, during his time with the Royal Air Force he met his first wife, Dorothy Dot Bird, who was serving in the Womens Royal Air Force. They married in 1950 and had three children, but were later divorced, in 1964 he married Lynden Lyn Leonard, this second marriage resulting in a daughter named Elinor. The couple separated in 1999 and eventually divorced, Took was a self-confessed alcoholic, and later acknowledged its detrimental effects on his personal life and career. He also spoke publicly about his experiences with depression and undergoing extensive psychotherapy for several years, after suffering from bladder cancer for a period during the 1970s, in 1999 he was diagnosed with cancer of the oesophagus, and suffered a stroke four weeks after undergoing major surgery. He died at age 73 on Easter Sunday,2002 in a home in Enfield. A Point of View Barry Took at the Internet Movie Database Barry Took – Comedy Zone BBC News article reporting his death
Barry Took
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Barry Took
16.
The Army Game
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The Army Game is a British sitcom that broadcast on ITV from 1957 to 1961. Made in black-and-white, it is about National Service conscription to the post-war British Army and it was created by Sid Colin. It was made for the ITV network by Granada Television, the creator, Sid Colin, was inspired by a 1956 film, Privates Progress, that starred Ian Carmichael, Richard Attenborough, Terry-Thomas and William Hartnell. Many of the cast had recently undertaken military service themselves, at least three episodes are uncredited. The show centres on a group of conscripts assigned to the Surplus Ordnance Department at Nether Hopping, billeted in Hut 29, the men are determined to work little and have fun. R. A. A. C. S. In June 1958, it reached five in the UK singles chart. Bresslaws song Mad Passionate Love, sung in the style of Private Popplewell and this was the last Royal Variety Performance not to be televised, although highlights were broadcast on BBC radio on 29 June 1959. A film based on the series, I Only Arsked, the plot concentrated on Bresslaws character and included Hawtrey, Alfie Bass, Rossington and Michael Medwin playing their characters. I Only Arsked became Bresslaws catchphrase, a paperback was produced, and Granada brought out a board game in 1959. Fraser and Basss characters turned up in a spin-off, Bootsie and Snudge, of the 154 episodes made, only 52 are thought to survive. On 6 June 2005, Network released the first 26 episodes from series 4 under the title The Army Game – Volume 1, on 14 August 2006, the remaining twenty-four episodes were released under the title The Army Game – Volume 2. An episode of Bootsie and Snudge was included, the Army Game Collection, containing every surviving episode, was released on 13 August 2008
The Army Game
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Opening titles for The Army Game
17.
Granada Television
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ITV Granada is the Channel 3 regional service for North West England. The licence for the region has been held by ITV Broadcasting Limited since November 2008 and it is the largest independent television-franchise producing company in the UK, accounting for 25% of the total broadcasting output of the ITV network. It had been held by Granada Television, which was founded by Sidney Bernstein and this was the only surviving company of the original four Independent Television Authority franchisees from 1954, Granada Media Group merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004. It covers Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, northwestern Derbyshire, part of Cumbria, on 15 July 2009, the Isle of Man was transferred to ITV Granada from ITV Border. Broadcasting by Granada Television began on 3 May 1956 under the North of England weekday franchise and it was marked by a distinctive northern identity, and used stylised letter G logo forming an arrow pointing north, often with the tagline Granada, from the north. Granada plc merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004 after a duopoly had developed over the previous decade, Granada Television Ltd still legally exists. Along with most other companies owned by ITV plc, it is listed on www. companieshouse. gov. uk as a Dormant company. Other companies listed are Granada Television International and Granada Television Overseas Ltd, the North West region is regarded as ITVs most successful franchise. The Financial Times and The Independent once described Granada Television, the franchise holder. Nine Granada programmes were listed in the BFI TV100 in 2000, some of its most notable programmes include Coronation Street, Seven Up. The Royle Family, The Jewel in the Crown, Brideshead Revisited, World in Action, University Challenge, notable employees have included Paul Greengrass, Michael Apted, Mike Newell, Jeremy Isaacs, Andy Harries, Russell T Davies and Leslie Woodhead. Granada Television, a subsidiary of Granada Ltd, originated in Granada Theatres Ltd and it was founded in Dover in 1930 by Sidney Bernstein and his brother Cecil. The company was incorporated as Granada Ltd in 1934 and listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1935 and it is named after the Spanish city of Granada. Channel 59 from Winter Hill and started broadcasting in colour in the Autumn of 1969, the Bernsteins became involved in commercial television, a competitor to the cinema chains. Bernstein bid for the North of England franchise, which he believed would not affect the companys largely southern-based cinema chain, in 1954, the Independent Television Authority awarded Granada the North of England contract for Monday to Friday, with ABC serving the same area on weekends. The North and London were the two biggest regions, Granada preferred the North because of its tradition of home-grown culture, and because it offered a chance to start a new creative industry away from the metropolitan atmosphere of London. Compare this with London and its suburbs—full of displaced persons, and, of course, if you look at a map of the concentration of population in the North and a rainfall map, you will see that the North is an ideal place for television. Bernstein selected a base from Leeds and Manchester, Granada executive Victor Peers believed Manchester was the preferred choice even before executives toured the region to find a suitable site
Granada Television
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Sidney Bernstein created Granada Television and shaped its growth and direction.
Granada Television
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ITV Granada (2004–) Granada Television (1956–2004)
Granada Television
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A 2001–2002 ident with the website for
itv.com and the region's familiar logo.
Granada Television
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Granada Studios with the red logo and lattice broadcasting tower on the roof – both of which have been removed in recent years.
18.
Kenneth Horne
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Charles Kenneth Horne, generally known as Kenneth Horne, was an English comedian and businessman. He is perhaps best remembered for his work on three BBC Radio series, Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh, Beyond Our Ken and Round the Horne, whilst serving in a barrage balloon unit, he was asked to broadcast as a quizmaster on the BBC radio show Ack-Ack, Beer-Beer. This experience brought him contact with the more established entertainer Richard Murdoch. After demobilisation Horne returned to his business career, and kept his broadcasting as a sideline and his career in industry flourished, and he later became the chairman and managing director of toy manufacturers Chad Valley. In 1958 Horne suffered a stroke and gave up his business dealings to focus on his entertainment work and he was the anchor figure in Beyond Our Ken, which also featured Kenneth Williams, Hugh Paddick, Betty Marsden and Bill Pertwee. When the programme came to an end in 1964, the same cast recorded four series of the comedy Round the Horne, the series has been regularly re-broadcast since his death. A2002 BBC radio survey to find listeners favourite British comedian placed Horne third, behind Tony Hancock, Kenneth Horne was born Charles Kenneth Horne on 27 February 1907 at Ampthill Square, London. He was the seventh and youngest child of Silvester Horne and his wife, katherines father was Herbert Cozens-Hardy, the Liberal MP for North Norfolk who became the Master of the Rolls in 1907 and Baron Cozens-Hardy on 1 July 1914. Between 1910 and 1914 he was the Liberal MP for Ipswich, by 1913 Silvester was suffering from continual poor health. He resigned his position at the tabernacle on medical advice in January 1914, from September that year Horne attended St Georges School, Harpenden as a boarder—the seventh of the Horne children to attend the school. Through the influence and generosity of an uncle, Austin Pilkington of the Pilkington glassmaking family of St Helens and he committed himself to the sporting side of life and represented the college at rugby, and in the relay team alongside the future Olympic gold medallist Lord Burghley. He also played tennis for the university, partnering Bunny Austin, distracted by his athletic exploits, he neglected his studies and was sent down in December 1927. Austin Pilkington was aggrieved at Hornes failure to make the most of the opportunity he had provided, despite the disappointment, through his contacts within the industry, he secured for the young Horne an interview with the Triplex Safety Glass Company at Kings Norton, a district of Birmingham. Hornes sporting record commended him to the manager of the Triplex factory, in September 1930, despite his unimpressive finances, he married Lady Mary Pelham-Clinton-Hope, daughter of the 8th Duke of Newcastle. The marriage was happy at first, but had broken down by 1932, when Hornes first marriage was dissolved, he was sought out by a former girlfriend, Joan Burgess, daughter of a neighbour at Kings Norton. Unlike his first wife, she had much in common with him, including a liking for squash, tennis, golf, a month before her 21st birthday they were married, in September 1936. Joan became pregnant soon after the wedding, and in July 1937 a baby boy was delivered, in 1938 Horne enlisted in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve on a part-time training scheme. He was commissioned as a pilot officer in No.911 Squadron, a barrage balloon unit in Sutton Coldfield
Kenneth Horne
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Kenneth Horne
Kenneth Horne
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Horne's father, the nonconformist minister and Liberal MP
Silvester
Kenneth Horne
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Sam Costa, the "amiable chump" of
Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh
Kenneth Horne
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The Dorchester, where Horne suffered his second, fatal heart attack
19.
Kenneth Williams
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Kenneth Charles Williams was an English actor, best known for his comedy roles and in later life as a raconteur and diarist. He was one of the ensemble in 26 of the 31 Carry On films. Kenneth Charles Williams was born on 22 February 1926 in Bingfield Street, Kings Cross, London, the son of Louisa Morgan and Charles Williams, the interview also appears in the ITV documentary series Carry On Forever. The plaque was organised by the Marchmont Association in partnership with The Heritage Foundation, Kenneth Williams stated in his diaries that he believed he had Welsh ancestors due to his parents surnames. Williams had a half-sister, Alice Patricia Pat, born illegitimately before Louie had met Charlie Williams and he was educated at Lyulph Stanley School, later becoming apprenticed as a draughtsman to a mapmaker. His apprenticeship was interrupted by the Blitz, and he was evacuated to Bicester, and it provided his first experience of an educated, middle-class life, and he loved it. He returned to London with a new accent, in 1944, aged 18, he was called up to the Army. He became a sapper in the Royal Engineers Survey Section, doing much the work that he did as a civilian. When the war ended he was in Singapore, and he opted to transfer to the Combined Services Entertainment Unit, while in that unit he met Stanley Baxter, Peter Nichols, and John Schlesinger. Williamss professional career began in 1948 in repertory theatre, main Wilson was casting Hancocks Half Hour, a radio series starring Tony Hancock. Playing mostly funny voice roles, Williams stayed in the series almost to the end and his nasal, whiny, camp-cockney inflections became popular with listeners. Despite the success and recognition the show brought him, Williams considered theatre, film, in 1955 he appeared in Orson Welless London stage production Moby Dick—Rehearsed. When Hancock steered the show away from what he considered gimmicks and silly voices, tiring of this reduced status, he joined Kenneth Horne in Beyond Our Ken, and its sequel, Round the Horne. Their double act contained double entendres and Polari, the homosexual argot, Williams also appeared in West End revues including Share My Lettuce with Maggie Smith, written by Bamber Gascoigne, and Pieces of Eight with Fenella Fielding. The latter included material written for him by Peter Cook. Cooks One Leg Too Few and Interesting Facts were part of the show, Williamss last revue, in 1960, was One Over The Eight at the Duke of Yorks Theatre, with Sheila Hancock. He appeared with Ingrid Bergman in a production of Shaws Captain Brassbounds Conversion at the Cambridge Theatre, in 1972, Williams starred opposite Jennie Linden in My Fat Friend at the West Ends Globe Theatre. Williams worked regularly in British film during the 1960s and 70s, mainly in the Carry On series with its double entendre humour, the films were commercially successful but Williams and the cast were apparently poorly paid
Kenneth Williams
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Publicity photo of Williams in the 1960s
Kenneth Williams
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Williams'
blue plaque at 57 Marchmont Street
20.
The Frost Report
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The Frost Report was a satirical television show hosted by David Frost. It ran for 28 episodes on the BBC from 10 March 1966 to 26 December 1967 and it introduced John Cleese, Ronnie Barker, and Ronnie Corbett to television, and launched the careers of other writers and performers. The main cast were Frost, Corbett, Cleese, Barker, Sheila Steafel, musical interludes were provided by Julie Felix, while Tom Lehrer also performed songs in a few episodes. Writers and performers on The Frost Report later worked on other television shows. It was while working on The Frost Report that the future Pythons developed their writing style, the established comedy writer Marty Feldman, as well as the Frank Muir and Denis Norden partnership, were also contributors to the programme. A special compilation from series 1, titled Frost over England won the Rose dOr at the 1967 Montreux festival, a special one-off reunion was broadcast on Easter Monday 2008. It ran for ninety minutes and was followed by Frost over England, almost half of the episodes produced are missing from the BBC archives. David Frost hosted similar comedy shows with similar casts and these included Frost on Sunday in 1968 with the two Ronnies, Josephine Tewson, and Sam Costa. There was a reunion show The Frost Report is Back in 2008. In the sketch, the practice was taken to an extreme by backing a news report about the Lord Privy Seal with images, in succession, of a lord, a privy. Richard Dawkins mentioned the practice in a film review, the Frost Report at the Internet Movie Database The Frost Report at BBC Online Comedy Guide British Film Institute Screen Online
The Frost Report
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Cleese, Barker and Corbett in the
Class sketch broadcast in April 1966
The Frost Report
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Lord
The Frost Report
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Privy
The Frost Report
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Seal
21.
Class sketch
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The Class sketch is a comedy sketch first broadcast in an episode of David Frosts satirical comedy programme The Frost Report on 7 April 1966. It has been described as a genuinely timeless sketch, ingeniously satirising the British class system and it was written by Marty Feldman and John Law, and features John Cleese, Ronnie Barker, and Ronnie Corbett. Cleese, tall and patrician in appearance and demeanour, represents the class, Barker, of average height, the middle class, and Corbett, short in stature. It is this situation that gives Corbett the pay-off line, as the others describe their advantages in the form of I get and his character finally looks up at the others and says I get a pain in the back of my neck. The British Film Institute commented, Its twinning of height and social position, combined with a minimal script, the sketchs influence has persisted to the present day, having been referred to in 21st-century discussions of politics, sociology, and even football. Ronnie Barker wrote scripts for three further Three Classes sketches featuring the characters, comparing their family life, their leisure activities. A spinoff sketch was broadcast on the BBC Millennium programme, satirising three eras of English history, stephen Fry represents Modern Man, Barker a miller from the Renaissance, and Corbett a weaver serf from the Middle Ages. The basic premise of the sketch is no different from the original
Class sketch
–
Cleese, Barker and Corbett
22.
John Cleese
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John Marwood Cleese is an English actor, voice actor, screenwriter, producer, and comedian. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the mid-1970s, Cleese and his first wife, Connie Booth, co-wrote and starred in the British sitcom Fawlty Towers, with Cleese receiving the 1980 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance. Later, he co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and he also starred in Clockwise and has appeared in many other films, including two James Bond films as R and Q, two Harry Potter films, and the last three Shrek films. With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay, he co-founded Video Arts, in 1976, Cleese co-founded The Secret Policemans Ball benefit shows to raise funds for the human rights organisation Amnesty International. Cleese was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, the child of Reginald Francis Cleese, an insurance salesman. His familys surname was originally Cheese, but his father had thought it was embarrassing, as a child, Cleese supported Bristol City FC and Somerset County Cricket Club. Cleese was educated at St Peters Preparatory School, where he received a prize for English and did well at cricket, when he was 13, he was awarded an exhibition at Clifton College, an English public school in Bristol. He was already more than 6 feet tall by then, Cleese allegedly defaced the school grounds, as a prank, by painting footprints to suggest that the statue of Field Marshal Earl Haig had got down from his plinth and gone to the toilet. Cleese played cricket in the First XI and did well academically, passing 8 O-Levels and 3 A-Levels in mathematics, physics, I believe that this moment changed my perspective on the world. He then took up a place he had won at Downing College, Cambridge and he also joined the Cambridge Footlights. He recalled that he went to the Cambridge Guildhall, where each university society had a stall and he replied no as he was not allowed to sing at his school because he was so bad, and if there was anything worse than his singing, it was his dancing. He was then asked Well, what do you do, to which he replied, I make people laugh. At the Footlights theatrical club, he spent a lot of time with Tim Brooke-Taylor and Bill Oddie, Cleese wrote extra material for the 1961 Footlights Revue I Thought I Saw It Move, and was Registrar for the Footlights Club during 1962. He was also in the cast of the 1962 Footlights Revue Double Take, Cleese graduated from Cambridge in 1963 with a 2,1. Despite his successes on The Frost Report, his father would send him cuttings from The Daily Telegraph offering management jobs in places like Marks, Cleese was a scriptwriter, as well as a cast member, for the 1963 Footlights Revue A Clump of Plinths. After Cambridge Circus, Cleese briefly stayed in America, performing on, while performing in the musical Half a Sixpence, Cleese met future Python Terry Gilliam, as well as American actress Connie Booth, whom he married on 20 February 1968. At their wedding at a Unitarian Church in Manhattan, the couple attempted to ensure an absence of any theistic language
John Cleese
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Cleese in 2008
John Cleese
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John Cleese on
Spare Rib magazine cover, December 1972
John Cleese
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Cleese as a Mexican maraca soloist as part of his 1977 guest appearance on
The Muppet Show
John Cleese
–
Cleese at the 1989
Academy Awards
23.
Ronnie Barker
–
Ronald William George Ronnie Barker, OBE was an English actor, comedian, and writer. He was known for roles in British comedy television series such as Porridge, The Two Ronnies, Barker began acting in repertory theatre and decided he was best suited to comic roles. He had his first success at the Oxford Playhouse and in roles in the West End including Tom Stoppards The Real Inspector Hound, during this period, he was in the cast of BBC radio and television comedies such as The Navy Lark. He got his break with the satirical sketch series The Frost Report in 1966. He joined David Frosts production company and starred in ITV shows including a short film, after rejoining the BBC, Barker found fame with the sketch show The Two Ronnies, with Ronnie Corbett. He starred in the sitcoms Porridge, its sequel Going Straight and he wrote comedy under his own name, though for much of his written material after 1968 he adopted pseudonyms to avoid pre-judgments of his writing talent. He won a BAFTA for best light entertainment performance four times, among other awards, later television sitcoms such as The Magnificent Evans and Clarence were less successful and he retired in December 1987. The following year, he opened a shop with his wife. After 1999, he appeared in smaller, non-comic roles in films and he died of heart failure on 3 October 2005, aged 76. Barker was born on 25 September 1929 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, Barkers elder sister Vera was born in 1926 and his younger sister Eileen was born in 1933. His father was a clerk for Shell-Mex, and this job saw the move to Church Cowley Road in Cowley. Barkers biographer Bob McCabe described his childhood as a time, marred by no ructions or family tensions. As a child, Barker enjoyed dressing up, particularly in his fathers pierrot outfit, as well as films, comics and he developed a love of the theatre, often attending plays with his family. The first play he saw was Cottage to Let and he skipped school to see Laurence Olivier in Henry V. He frequently stood outside stage doors to collect autographs, his first being the actress Celia Johnson, Barker grew up in the Florence Park area of Oxford, and went to Donnington Junior School, and then the City of Oxford High School for Boys. Barkers chemistry textbook at Oxford was previously used by T. E. Lawrence and he found his talent for humour at school and developed his musical ability by singing in the choir at St Jamess, his local church. He got into the form a year early after gaining the School Certificate but he felt what he was learning would be of no use to him in later life. After leaving school he trained as an architect but gave it up after six months, Barker took his sister Veras job as a bank clerk at the Westminster Bank after she had left to become a nurse
Ronnie Barker
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During filming of The Two Ronnies, 1980s
Ronnie Barker
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Plaque marking Barker's birthplace
Ronnie Barker
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Barker (centre) in the
Class sketch
Ronnie Barker
–
Barker during filming of The Two Ronnies (with
Susie Silvey)
24.
Ronnie Corbett
–
He achieved prominence in David Frosts 1960s satirical comedy programme The Frost Report and subsequently starred in sitcoms such as No – Thats Me Over Here. Corbett was born in Edinburgh, the son of William Balfour Corbett, a master baker and he had a brother about six years younger, and a sister about ten years younger than him. Corbett was educated at James Gillespies High School and the Royal High School in the city, after leaving school, he decided he wanted to be an actor while performing in amateur theatricals at a church youth club. His first job, however, was with the Ministry of Agriculture, Corbett served his compulsory national service with the Royal Air Force, during which he was the shortest in height commissioned officer in the British Forces. A former aircraftman 2nd class, he was commissioned into the branch of the RAF as a pilot officer on 25 May 1950. He received the service number 2446942 and he transferred to the reserve on 28 October 1951, thereby ending his period of active service. He was promoted to flying officer on 6 September 1952, following national service, Corbett moved to London to start his acting career. At 5 ft 1 in tall, Corbett was suited to playing roles younger than his years, references to his height frequently cropped up in his self-deprecating humour. In one of his earliest stage appearances, he was billed as Ronald Corbett at Cromer in Take it Easy in 1956 and he appeared in Crackerjack as a regular in its early days, one episode with Winifred Atwell. He had a walk-on in an episode of the 1960s series The Saint and appeared in films including Youre Only Young Twice. Casino Royale, Some Will, Some Wont and the version of the farce No Sex Please. Corbett starred in the first London production of the musical The Boys from Syracuse in 1963 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in 1965 he was in cabaret at Winstons, Danny La Rues Mayfair nightclub. David Frost saw him and asked him to appear in The Frost Report, Corbett was in the West End, playing Will Scarlett in Lionel Barts Robin Hood musical Twang. It failed, leaving Corbett free to accept and it was while working at Danny La Rues nightclub that Corbett met Anne Hart, who he was to marry that year. The marriage lasted 49 years, until he died, Corbett first worked with Ronnie Barker in The Frost Report. The writers and cast were mostly Oxbridge graduates from the Footlights tradition, Corbett said he and Barker were drawn together as two grammar school boys who had not gone to university. The show was a mixture of monologues, sketches and music. Corbett and Barker were beginning to be thought of as a pair and they appeared with John Cleese in one of the most repeated comedy sketches in British television, the Class sketch
Ronnie Corbett
–
Corbett at the premiere of
Burke and Hare,
Chelsea, London
Ronnie Corbett
–
Corbett (right) in the
Class sketch
Ronnie Corbett
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"It's goodnight from me." "And it's goodnight from him". On left, with partner Ronnie Barker in their regular news anchor spoof.
25.
Monty Python
–
Monty Python were a British surreal comedy group who created their sketch comedy show Monty Pythons Flying Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series, the Python phenomenon developed from the television series into something larger in scope and impact, including touring stage shows, films, numerous albums, several books, and a stage musical. The Pythons influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles influence on music, the Orlando Sentinel referred to their sketch show as not only one of the more enduring icons of 1970s British popular culture, but also an important moment in the evolution of television comedy. Broadcast by the BBC between 1969 and 1974, Flying Circus was conceived, written, and performed by its members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Loosely structured as a show, but with an innovative stream-of-consciousness approach, it pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style. Following their television work, they began making films, which include Holy Grail, Life of Brian, pythonesque has entered the English lexicon as a result. Jones and Palin met at Oxford University, where they performed together with the Oxford Revue, Chapman and Cleese met at Cambridge University. Idle was also at Cambridge, but started a year after Chapman, Cleese met Gilliam in New York City while on tour with the Cambridge University Footlights revue Cambridge Circus. Chapman, Cleese, and Idle were members of the Footlights, which at that also included the future Goodies. During Idles presidency of the club, feminist writer Germaine Greer and broadcaster Clive James were members, following the success of Do Not Adjust Your Set, a tea-time childrens programme, ITV offered Gilliam, Idle, Jones, and Palin their own late-night adult comedy series together. At the same time, Chapman and Cleese were offered a show by the BBC, Cleese was reluctant to do a two-man show for various reasons, including Chapmans supposedly difficult and erratic personality. Cleese had fond memories of working with Palin on How To Irritate People, much has been made of the fact that the Monty Python troupe is the result of Cleeses desire to work with Palin and the chance circumstances that brought the other four members into the fold. The Pythons had a idea about what they wanted to do with the series. They were admirers of the work of Peter Cook, Alan Bennett, Jonathan Miller, and Dudley Moore on Beyond the Fringe, and had worked on Frost and they enjoyed Cook and Moores sketch show Not Only. They decided that they would not bother to cap their sketches in the traditional manner. However, as they began assembling material for the show, the Pythons watched one of their heroes, Spike Milligan. Not only was the programme more irreverent and anarchic than any previous television comedy and it was clear that their new series would now seem less original, and Jones in particular became determined the Pythons should innovate. After much debate, Jones remembered an animation Gilliam had created for Do Not Adjust Your Set called Beware of the Elephants, Jones felt it would be a good concept to apply to the series, allowing sketches to blend into one another
Monty Python
–
The Pythons in 1969 Back row:
Graham Chapman,
Eric Idle,
Terry Gilliam Front row:
Terry Jones,
John Cleese,
Michael Palin
Monty Python
–
Carol Cleveland as the
stereotypical blonde bombshell in the "
Marriage Guidance Counsellor " sketch
26.
Graham Chapman
–
Graham Arthur Chapman was an English comedian, writer, actor, author and one of the six members of the surreal comedy group Monty Python. He played authority figures such as the Colonel and the role in two Python films, Holy Grail and Life of Brian. Chapman was born in Leicester and was raised in Melton Mowbray and he enjoyed science, acting and comedy, and after graduating from Emmanuel College, Cambridge and St Bartholomews Medical College, he turned down a career as a doctor to be a comedian. Chapman established a partnership with John Cleese, which reached its critical peak with Monty Python during the 1970s. Chapman was openly homosexual and a supporter of gay rights. He was an alcoholic during his time at Cambridge and the early Python years, Graham Arthur Chapman was born on 8 January 1941 at the Stoneygate Nursing Home, Stoneygate, Leicester, the son of policeman Walter Chapman and Edith Towers. He had a brother, John, who was born in 1936. One of Chapmans earliest memories was seeing the remains of Polish airmen who had suffered an accident near Leicester, later saying the horrific sights of this remained in his memory. Chapman was educated at Melton Mowbray Grammar School and he showed a strong affinity for science, sports and amateur dramatics, and was singled out for attention when a local paper reviewed his performance of Mark Antony in Shakespeares Julius Caesar. Graham and John Chapman were both fans of radio comedy, being especially fond of The Goon Show and Robert Moretons skill of telling jokes the wrong way round. Biographer Jim Yoakum said the radio shows didnt necessarily make him laugh, in 1959, Chapman began to study medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He joined the Cambridge Footlights, where he first began writing with John Cleese, following graduation, Chapman joined the Footlights show Cambridge Circus and toured New Zealand, deferring his medical studies for a year. After the tour, he continued his studies at St Bartholomews Medical College and his brother John later said, He wasnt ever driven to go into medicine. Following their Footlights success, Chapman and Cleese began to write professionally for the BBC, initially for David Frost, Frost had recruited Cleese, and in turn Cleese decided he needed Chapman as a sounding board. Chapman also contributed sketches to the radio series Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again and wrote material on his own and he wrote for The Illustrated Weekly Hudd, Cilla Black, This is Petula Clark, and This Is Tom Jones. Chapman, Cleese, and Tim Brooke-Taylor later joined Feldman in the comedy series At Last the 1948 Show. It was Chapmans first significant role as a performer as well as a writer and he displayed a gift for deadpan comedy, the series was the first to feature Chapmans sketch of wrestling with himself. Despite the shows success, Chapman was still unsure about abandoning his medical career, in between the two series of At Last the 1948 Show he completed his studies at St Bartholomews, and became professionally registered as a doctor
Graham Chapman
–
Chapman ended several
Monty Python's Flying Circus sketches mid-flow dressed as
The Colonel, complaining they were "too silly".
Graham Chapman
–
Graham Chapman
Graham Chapman
–
Chapman lived in this house in
Highgate with his partner
David Sherlock during the late 1960s.
Graham Chapman
–
A blue plaque has been placed at The Angel,
Highgate,
North London in commemoration of Chapman.
27.
The Goodies
–
The Goodies are a trio of British comedians, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous surreal comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches, the three actors met each other as undergraduates at Cambridge University, where Brooke-Taylor was studying law, Garden was studying medicine, and Oddie was studying English. Their contemporaries included Graham Chapman, John Cleese, and Eric Idle, who became members of Monty Python. Brooke-Taylor and Cleese studied together and swapped lecture notes as they were law students, but at different colleges within the university. All three Goodies became members of the Cambridge University Footlights Club, with Brooke-Taylor becoming president in 1963, and Garden succeeding him as president in 1964. Brooke-Taylor, Garden and Oddie were cast members of the 1960s BBC radio comedy show Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again, which also featured John Cleese, David Hatch and Jo Kendall, and lasted until 1973. Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again resulted from the 1963 Cambridge University Footlights Club revue A Clump of Plinths. After having its title changed to Cambridge Circus, the revue went on to play at West End in London, England, followed by a tour of New Zealand and Broadway in New York, US. They also took part in various TV shows with other people, Brooke-Taylor also took part in Marty. In 1968 Brooke-Taylor appeared with Cleese, Michael Palin and Graham Chapman in How to Irritate People, Garden and Oddie took part in Twice a Fortnight, before Brooke-Taylor, Garden, and Oddie worked on the late 1960s TV show Broaden Your Mind. The original BBC television series ran from November 1970 to February 1980 on BBC2, with 67 half-hour episodes, the series was created by Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, and originally co-written by all three, with Oddie providing the music for the show. Later episodes were co-written by Garden and Oddie and it was one of the first shows in the UK to use chroma key and one of the first to use stop-motion techniques in a live action format. Other effects include hand editing for repeated movement, mainly used to make animals talk or sing, in the series, the threesome travelled around on, and frequently fell off, a three-seater bicycle called the trandem. Their opponents were three members of the cast of The Liver Birds, Nerys Hughes, Elizabeth Estensen and Michael Angelis. They also presented the Christmas 1976 edition of Disney Time from the toy department of Selfridges store in London, however, after one half-hour Christmas special in 1981, and a six-part series in early 1982, the series was cancelled. In later interviews the cast suggest the reasons were economic. A special episode, which was based on the original 1971 Goodies Kitten Kong episode, was called Kitten Kong, Montreux 72 Edition, the Goodies won the Silver Rose in 1972 for this special episode at the Festival Rose dOr, held in Montreux, Switzerland. In the first episode of the series, The New Office
The Goodies
–
Left to right:
Bill Oddie,
Tim Brooke-Taylor,
Graeme Garden in a screenshot from the title sequence of the BBC TV series
The Goodies
–
The Goodies' humour earned it a reputation as a "children's" programme
28.
Tim Brooke-Taylor
–
Timothy Julian Brooke-Taylor OBE is an English comic actor. He became active in performing in comedy sketches while at Cambridge University and he is most well known as a member of The Goodies, starring in the television series throughout the 1970s and picking up international recognition in Australia and New Zealand. He has also appeared as an actor in various sitcoms, and has been a panellist on Im Sorry I Havent a Clue for over 40 years. Brooke-Taylor was born in Buxton, Derbyshire, England, the grandson of Francis Pawson and his mother was an international lacrosse player and his father a solicitor. He was expelled from school at the early age of five. Brooke-Taylor was then schooled at Thorn Leigh Pre-Preparatory School, Holm Leigh Preparatory School and Winchester College which he left with seven O-levels and he was also active in the Pembroke College drama society, the Pembroke Players. Brooke-Taylor moved swiftly into BBC Radio with the comedy show Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again in which he performed. Uttered after a comic and transparent feed-line, as their adventure story reached its climax or cliffhanger ending, other members of Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again were John Cleese, Bill Oddie, Graeme Garden, David Hatch and Jo Kendall. In the mid-60s, Brooke-Taylor performed in the TV series On the Braden Beat with Canadian Bernard Braden, Brooke-Taylor played a reactionary right-wing city gent who believed he was the soul of tolerance. In 1967, Brooke-Taylor became a writer/performer on the comedy series At Last the 1948 Show, with John Cleese, Graham Chapman. The Four Yorkshiremen sketch was co-written by the four writers/performers of the series, the sketch was one of the few which survived the destruction of the series, by David Frosts Paradine Productions, and the sketch appears on the DVD of At Last the 1948 Show. The Four Yorkshiremen sketch has also performed during Amnesty concert performances, as well as being performed during Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl. Footage of Tim Brooke-Taylor and John Cleese, from At Last the 1948 Show, was shown on the documentary special Monty Python, Almost the Truth. Brooke-Taylor also took part in Frosts pilot programme How to Irritate People in 1968, many of the sketches were later revived in the Monty Python TV series, notably the job interview sketch where Brooke-Taylor played a nervous interviewee tormented by interviewer John Cleese. The programme was notable as the first collaboration of John Cleese. One of the sketches mentions John Cleeses character dating a woman named Christine Weadon the name of Brooke-Taylors wife. In 1968–69, Brooke-Taylor was also a cast member and writer on the comedy series Marty starring Marty Feldman, with John Junkin. A compilation of the two series of Marty has been released on a BBC DVD with the title of The Best of Marty Feldman
Tim Brooke-Taylor
–
Tim Brooke-Taylor
29.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
–
BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
–
BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
–
BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
–
The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
30.
BAFTA
–
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
BAFTA
–
The BAFTA award, designed by Mitzi Cunliffe
BAFTA
–
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
31.
Oz trial
–
OZ was an underground alternative magazine. First published in Sydney, Australia, in 1963, a version appeared in London. The original Australian OZ took the form of a magazine published between 1963 and 1969, while the British incarnation was a psychedelic hippy magazine which appeared from 1967 to 1973. Strongly identified as part of the press, it was the subject of two celebrated obscenity trials, one in Australia in 1964 and the other in the United Kingdom in 1971. On both occasions the magazines editors were acquitted on appeal after initially being found guilty and sentenced to jail terms. An earlier,1963 obscenity charge was dealt with expeditiously when, upon the advice of a solicitor, the central editor throughout the magazines life in both Australia and Britain was Richard Neville. Co-editors of the Sydney version were Richard Walsh and Martin Sharp, co-editors of the London version were Jim Anderson and, later, Felix Dennis. The original Australian editorial team included university students Neville, Walsh and Sharp, and Peter Grose, other early contributors included art critic Robert Hughes and future author Bob Ellis. Influenced by the comedy of Lenny Bruce, Neville and friends decided to found a magazine of dissent. The 16-page first issue, published on April Fools Day 1963, caused a sensation and it parodied The Sydney Morning Herald and led with a front-page hoax about the collapse of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. These stories though, would lead to the magazines first round of obscenity charges. In mid-1963, shortly after the publication of issue No, with end-of-year exams looming, OZ issue No.5 was postponed until the Christmas break. When eventually issued, it included a satire on the ongoing police harassment of gay people. g. As a result of this slight to their integrity, police seized 140 copies of OZ from a Kings Cross, NSW newsagent and took them to a magistrate. Two other items in early issues incurred the wrath of the NSW police. One was Martin Sharps ribald satirical poem about youths gatecrashing a party, entitled The Word Flashed Around The Arms, as soon as the case began they were confronted by the blatant bias and hostility of the magistrate hearing the case, Mr Gerald Locke, SM. In subsequent issues OZ made several investigations into the realms of Sydneys underworld. The list deliberately left the number 1 spot blank, but at number 2 was the name Len who was described as a fence, the Top 20 list also reportedly played a part in the death of Sydney criminal Jacky Steele, who was shot in Woollahara in November 1965
Oz trial
–
OZ London, No.33, February 1971. Cover image by
Norman Lindsay
Oz trial
–
The controversial cover of OZ Sydney, No.6, February 1964
Oz trial
–
OZ London, No.33, back cover advertising "A Gala Benefit For The OZ Obscenity Trial"
Oz trial
–
OZ London, No.31, November 1970, pp. 1 and 2
32.
The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine
–
The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine was a 1971 comedy-variety sketch show starring British comedian Marty Feldman. Co-produced by ATV in the UK and ABC TV in America and it features opening and closing credits animated by Terry Gilliam, as well as featuring guest appearances by Spike Milligan, John Junkin and Frances de la Tour. It also featured sketches written by Barry Levinson and Larry Gelbart, long unavailable for years, the complete series was to be released on DVD in the UK through Network on June 6,2016. However, the release has been postponed indefinitely for unspecified reasons
The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine
33.
Associated Television
–
This service started on Saturday,24 September 1955 and was extended until Sunday,28 July 1968. ATV was also awarded the franchise to provide the weekdays Independent Television service for the Midlands region and this service started on Friday,17 February 1956 and was extended until Monday,29 July 1968. Both companies had applied for a contract to one of the new ITV stations. By the time of the merger ABDC were well advanced with their plans whilst ITPC planned to operate as an independent producer selling their shows to the new network contractors. When financial problems hit ABDC, the Independent Television Authority, the body of ITV, invited Grade. This provided the required and put Littler and Grade in control of the new company. After ABC had been operating for three weeks the name was changed to Associated TeleVision Ltd, the logo, designed for ABC and tweaked for ATV, was a shadowed eye inspired by the CBS logo and reputedly designed by Lew Grade on a transatlantic flight back from the US. The logo is one of the most recognisable in broadcasting, ABC began broadcasting in its own right on Saturday 24 September 1955, after jointly presenting the networks opening night on Thursday 22 September. The name ATV was first seen in London on Saturday 8 October 1955, the company won two contracts, the weekend contract for London and the Monday–Friday contract for the Midlands. The latter service opened on 17 February 1956, with ABC providing the weekend programmes, the company ran into financial difficulty due to the staggering losses of the first two years of ITV and start-up costs. The London weekday contractor Associated-Rediffusion shouldered some of ATVs losses and further funding was achieved by selling shares to the Daily Mirror newspaper. The company structure was changed several times until 1966, when ATV and this marked the point where Lew Grade advanced from being the greatest influence over the company to taking control. ATVs main impact was in variety and light entertainment, at this point the company was renamed ATV Network Limited. During the 1970s, ATV received much criticism over its lack of programming, particularly for the east of its region. ATV Midlands Limited, a company created by ACC solely for the franchise process. ATV ceased broadcasting at 12. 34am on Friday 1 January 1982, the final closedown was marked by a brief tribute to ATV from original announcer Shaw Taylor before duty announcer Mike Prince signed off with the playing of the National Anthem. The newly reformed company, Central Independent Television plc, began broadcasting with a promo at 9. 25am that morning. Central inherited the studios at ATV Centre, Birmingham and ATV Elstree along with land that ATV Midlands had purchased for their new Nottingham studio centre
Associated Television
–
Associated Television
34.
American Broadcasting Company
–
The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
American Broadcasting Company
–
ABC's corporate headquarters are located at 77 West 66th Street, on the
Upper West Side of
Manhattan in
New York City.
American Broadcasting Company
–
American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company
–
Edward Noble, founder of ABC
American Broadcasting Company
–
In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host
Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.
35.
BBC Elstree Centre
–
BBC Elstree Centre, sometimes referred to as BBC Elstree Studios, is a television production facility located on Clarendon Road in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. The site was the first of such complexes referred to as Elstree Studios located in the area. Originally film studios, in the late 1950s the site was converted for use as a television studio, after ATV became Central Television and moved to a new Midlands-based site, it was sold to the BBC in 1984. It is currently a base for BBC Television with studios run by the BBCs commercial subsidiary BBC Studios. The site includes the set for the long-running soap opera EastEnders. With the closure of BBC Television Centre, Studio D at the site has been utilised for many of the BBCs large studio productions such as Children in Need, the Neptune Film Company opened the first studios in Borehamwood in 1914. It contained just a single 70ft windowless stage, relying on electricity from a generator for lighting. At the time, this was an innovation, as the majority of films were shot in large glass-roof studios which relied on natural light. It was said that Borehamwood was chosen as it had a good London train service but was far away to avoid the then-regular London fogs. Production ceased during 1917 and the studio was sold to the Ideal Film Company who used the site up until 1924, during 1928, the studio was sold to Ludwig Blattner who connected it to the electricity mains and introduced a German system of sound recording. The Blattner Studio was leased to Joe Rock Productions during 1934, Rock Productions built four new large stages and began making films including the drama film The Edge of the World, directed by Michael Powell. The studios were owned by British National Films Company between 1939 and 1948, although during this period a large portion of the studio was taken over by the British government for war work. During 1953, the studios were bought by Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. mainly for television production, early productions included the Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Presents series and a few episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. The studios were sold to Lew Grades Associated Television in 1958, a 7. 5-acre site on Londons South Bank had been purchased, but completion of a wholly new complex would be some years in the future, while the need for more studio space was urgent. As a result, the Clarendon Road centre was re-equipped as an electronic TV complex and most of ATVs live and recorded shows were made there. The series made by the affiliated ITC, such as The Saint, Gideons Way, originally some ATV programmes were made at the Alpha studios in Aston, Birmingham, as ATV had the weekday Midland franchise as well as the weekend London franchise until 1968. After 1970 programmes such as Crossroads were made at the new Birmingham studios at the ATV Centre, larger-scale productions, including many drama programmes, continued to be recorded at the Elstree facility for the rest of ATVs existence. In the period of its occupation of the Elstree complex, the smaller Studios A and B were used for schools TV and sitcoms, Studio D, with permanent audience seating, was used for light entertainment programmes such as the ATV Morecambe and Wise series and The Muppet Show
BBC Elstree Centre
BBC Elstree Centre
BBC Elstree Centre
BBC Elstree Centre
36.
Soho (London)
–
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and is part of the West End of London, England. Since the 1980s, the area has undergone considerable gentrification and it is now predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues. Soho is a small, multicultural area of central London, a home to industry, commerce, culture and entertainment, record shops cluster in the area around Berwick Street, with shops such as Phonica, Sister Ray and Reckless Records. On many weekends, Soho is busy enough to warrant closing off some of the streets to vehicles, Westminster City Council pedestrianised parts of Soho in the mid-1990s, but later removed much of the pedestrianisation, apparently after complaints of loss of trade from local businesses. The name Soho first appears in the 17th century, Most authorities believe that the name derives from a former hunting cry. James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, used soho as a call for his men at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685. The Soho name has been imitated by other entertainment and restaurant districts such as Soho, Hong Kong, Soho, Málaga, SOHO, Beijing, SoHo, London, Ontario, Canada, and Palermo Soho, Buenos Aires. SoHo, Manhattan, gets its name from its location SOuth of HOuston Street, however, apart from Oxford Street, all of these roads are 19th-century metropolitan improvements, so they are not Sohos original boundaries. Soho has never been a unit, with formally defined boundaries. The area to the west is known as Mayfair, to the north Fitzrovia, to the east St Giles and Covent Garden, and to the south St Jamess. According to the Soho Society, Chinatown, the area between Leicester Square to the south and Shaftesbury Avenue to the north, is part of Soho, Soho is part of the West End electoral ward which elects three councillors to Westminster City Council. In 1536, the land was taken by Henry VIII as a park for the Palace of Whitehall. In the 1660s, ownership of Soho Fields passed to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans and he was granted permission to develop property and quickly passed the lease and development to bricklayer Richard Frith. Soho was part of the ancient parish of St Martin in the Fields, as the population started to grow a new church was provided and in 1687 a new parish of St Anne was established for it. The parish stretched from Oxford Street in the north, to Leicester Square in the south and it therefore included all of contemporary eastern Soho, including the Chinatown area. The western portion of modern Soho, around Carnaby Street was part of the parish of St James, building progressed rapidly in the late 17th century, with large properties including Monmouth House, Leicester House, Fauconberg House, Carlisle House and Newport House. Soho Square was first laid out in the 1680s on the former Soho Fields, firth built the first houses around the square, and by 1691,41 had been completed. It was originally called King Square in honour of Charles II, several upper-class families moved into the area
Soho (London)
Soho (London)
Soho (London)
Soho (London)
37.
Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
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Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
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Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
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Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
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In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
38.
Mel Brooks
–
Melvin Brooks is an American filmmaker, comedian, actor, composer, and songwriter. He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies, Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for the early TV variety show Your Show of Shows. He became well known as part of the duo with Carl Reiner in the comedy skit The 2000 Year Old Man. He also created, with Buck Henry, the hit comedy series Get Smart. In middle age, Brooks became one of the most successful directors of the 1970s. His best-known films include The Producers, The Twelve Chairs, Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, Silent Movie, High Anxiety, History of the World, Part I, Spaceballs and Robin Hood, Men in Tights. A musical adaptation of his first film, The Producers, ran on Broadway from 2001 to 2007, in 2001, having previously won an Emmy, a Grammy and an Oscar, he joined a small list of EGOT winners with his Tony award for The Producers. Brooks was married to Oscar-winning actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death in 2005, Brooks was born Melvin Kaminsky on June 28,1926, in Brooklyn, New York, to James and Kate Kaminsky, and grew up in Williamsburg. His fathers family were German Jews of Polish descent from the Free City of Danzig, his mothers family were Jews from Kiev and he had three older brothers, Irving, Lenny, and Bernie. Brooks father died of disease at 34 when Brooks was two years old. He has said of his fathers death, Theres an outrage there, I may be angry at God, or at the world, for that. And Im sure a lot of my comedy is based on anger, growing up in Williamsburg, I learned to clothe it in comedy to spare myself problems—like a punch in the face. Brooks was a small, sickly boy who often was bullied and teased by his classmates and he was taught by Buddy Rich how to play the drums and started earning money at it when he was 14. After the war, Brooks started working in various Borscht Belt resorts and nightclubs in the Catskill Mountains as a drummer, around this time, he changed his professional name to Mel Brooks after being confused with the Borscht Belt trumpet player Max Kaminsky. After a regular comic at one of the nightclubs was too sick to perform one night, Brooks started working as a comic, telling jokes. He also began acting in stock in Red Bank, New Jersey. He eventually worked his way up to the comically aggressive job of Tummler at Grossingers, Brooks found more rewarding work behind the scenes, becoming a comedy writer for television. In 1949 his friend Sid Caesar hired Brooks to write jokes for the NBC series The Admiral Broadway Revue, paying him $50 a week
Mel Brooks
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Brooks attending a ceremony to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 23, 2010
Mel Brooks
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Brooks in c. February 1984
Mel Brooks
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Brooks with wife
Anne Bancroft at the
1991 Cannes Film Festival.
Mel Brooks
–
Brooks in April 2010
39.
Gene Wilder
–
Jerome Silberman, known professionally as Gene Wilder, was an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, singer-songwriter and author. Wilder began his career on stage, and made his debut in an episode of the TV series The Play of the Week in 1961. Wilder directed and wrote several of his own films, including The Woman in Red and his third wife was actress Gilda Radner, with whom he starred in three films, the last two of which he also directed. After his last contribution to acting in 2003 – a guest role on Will & Grace for which he received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor – Wilder turned his attention to writing. Wilder was born Jerome Silberman on June 11,1933, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of Jeanne and William J. Silberman and his father was a Russian Jewish immigrant, as were his maternal grandparents. Wilder first became interested in acting at age 8, when his mother was diagnosed with rheumatic fever, at the age of 11, he saw his sister, who was studying acting, performing onstage, and he was enthralled by the experience. He asked her if he could become his student. The day after Wilder turned 13, he called the teacher and he adopted Gene Wilder for his professional name at the age of 26. After an unsuccessful short stay at Black-Foxe, Wilder returned home and became involved with the local theatre community. At age 15, he performed for the first time in front of an audience, as Balthasar in a production of Shakespeares Romeo. Gene Wilder graduated from Washington High School in Milwaukee in 1951, Wilder was raised Jewish, but he held only the Golden Rule as his philosophy. In a book published in 2005, he stated, I have no other religion, I feel very Jewish and I feel very grateful to be Jewish. But I dont believe in God or anything to do with the Jewish religion, Wilder studied Communication and Theatre Arts at the University of Iowa, where he was a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. Following his 1955 graduation from Iowa, he was accepted at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in Bristol, after six months of studying fencing, Wilder became the first freshman to win the All-School Fencing Championship. Desiring to study Stanislavskis system, he returned to the U. S. living with his sister and her family in Queens, Wilder enrolled at the HB Studio. Wilder was drafted into the Army on September 10,1956, at the end of recruit training, he was assigned to the medical corps and sent to Fort Sam Houston for training. In November 1957, his mother died from ovarian cancer and he was discharged from the army a year later and returned to New York. A scholarship to the HB Studio allowed him to become a full-time student, at first living on unemployment insurance and some savings, he later supported himself with odd jobs such as a limousine driver and fencing instructor
Gene Wilder
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Wilder in 1970
Gene Wilder
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Wilder with Gilda Radner, 1986
40.
The Dean Martin Show
–
The Dean Martin Show, not to be confused with the The Dean Martin Variety Show, is a TV variety-comedy series that ran from 1965 to 1974 for 264 episodes. It was broadcast by NBC and hosted by entertainer Dean Martin, the theme song to the series was his 1964 hit Everybody Loves Somebody. The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast, a series of specials spun off from the final season, Martin was initially reluctant to do the show, partially because he did not want to turn down movie and nightclub performances. His terms were deliberately outrageous, he demanded a high salary, to his surprise the network agreed. As daughter Deana Martin recalled after meeting the network and making his demands Martin returned home and announced to his family, Martin believed that an important key to his popularity was that he did not put on airs. His act was that of a drunken, work-shy playboy, although the ever-present old-fashioned glass in his hand only had apple juice in it. The show was heavy on physical rather than just quips Martin read his dialogue directly from cue cards. If he flubbed a line or forgot a lyric, Martin would not do a retake, the Dean Martin Show was shot on color videotape beginning in 1965 at Studio 4 inside NBCs massive color complex at 3000 West Alameda Avenue in Burbank, California. The same studio was used for Frank Sinatras yearly TV specials in the late 1960s, Studio 4 is currently one of two used in the production of the soap opera Days of Our Lives. Martin sang two solo numbers per show, one a serious ballad and he would join his weekly guests in song medleys, trading lyrics back and forth. Some of these duets were deliberately played for laughs—Dean and Liberace, one recurring segment was based on Martins club act, in which he would begin to sing a popular song and suddenly insert a gag punchline. Martin often tried to make his pianist, Ken Lane, laugh hard enough to break his concentration, the segment usually began with Martin leaping onto Lanes piano, in one episode the real piano was secretly replaced with a phony one. When Martin did his leap the entire faux-piano collapsed under his weight, all to the surprise, a knock on the closet door occurred each week, with Martin opening the door to reveal an unannounced celebrity guest. Most of the time, Martin did not know who the guest would be, to keep his reactions more spontaneous, a regular gag during one season was the Mystery Voice Contest, wherein Dean invited viewers to write in to guess who was singing a particular song. Invariably, it was the famous Frank Sinatra hit Strangers in the Night, finally on one episode, Sinatra himself showed up to announce that he was the mystery singer. Martin dutifully handed over the trip to Los Angeles, the city where the two of them already lived. The finale was typically a number featuring Dean and the guest stars. Occasionally it would be a sketch with Martin appearing as Dino Vino
The Dean Martin Show
–
Martin with guest
Florence Henderson, 1968.
41.
Cinema of Italy
–
The Cinema of Italy comprises the films made within Italy or by Italian directors. As of 2014, Italian films have won 14 Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, the most of any country, as well as 12 Palmes dOr, early Italian films were typically adaptations of books or stage plays. One of the first cinematic avante-garde movements, Italian Futurism, took place in Italy in the late 1910s, after a period of decline in the 1920s, the Italian film industry was revitalized in the 1930s with the arrival of sound film. A popular Italian genre during this period, the Telefoni Bianchi, post-World War II Italy saw the rise of the influential Italian neorealist movement, which launched the directorial careers of Luchino Visconti, Roberto Rossellini, and Vittorio De Sica. Neorealism declined in the late 1950s in favor of lighter films, such as those of the Commedia allitaliana genre and important directors like Federico Fellini, actresses such as Sophia Loren, Giulietta Masina and Gina Lollobrigida achieved international stardom during this period. The Spaghetti Western achieved popularity in the mid-1960s, peaking with Sergio Leones Dollars Trilogy, erotic Italian thrillers, or giallos, produced by directors such as Mario Bava and Dario Argento in the 1970s, influenced the horror genre worldwide. During the 1980s and 1990s, directors such as Ermanno Olmi, Bernardo Bertolucci, Giuseppe Tornatore, Gabriele Salvatores, lumière trainees produced short films documenting everyday life and comic strips in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Pioneering Italian cinematographer Filoteo Alberini patented his Kinetograph during this period, the Italian film industry took shape between 1903 and 1908, led by three major organizations, Cines, based in Rome, and the Turin-based companies Ambrosio Film and Itala Film. Other companies soon followed in Milan and Naples, and these early companies quickly attained a respectable production quality and were able to market their products both within Italy and abroad. Early Italian films typically consisted of adaptations of books or stage plays, such as Mario Caserinis Otello and Arturo Ambrosios 1908 adaptation of the novel, also popular during this period were films about historical figures, such as Caserinis Beatrice Cenci and Ugo Falenas Lucrezia Borgia. LInferno, produced by Milano Films in 1911, was the first full-length Italian feature film ever made, popular early Italian actors included Emilio Ghione, Alberto Collo, Bartolomeo Pagano, Amleto Novelli, Lyda Borelli, Ida Carloni Talli, Lidia Quaranta and Maria Jacobini. Enrico Guazzones 1913 film Quo Vadis was one of the earliest blockbusters in history, utilizing thousands of extras. Giovanni Pastrones 1914 film Cabiria was a larger production, requiring two years and a record budget to produce. Nino Martoglios Lost in Darkness, also produced in 1914, documented life in the slums of Naples, between 1911 and 1919, Italy was home to the first avant-garde movement in cinema, inspired by the countrys Futurism movement. The 1916 Manifesto of Futuristic Cinematography was signed by Filippo Marinetti, Armando Ginna, Bruno Corra, Giacomo Balla, to the Futurists, cinema was an ideal art form, being a fresh medium, and able to be manipulated by speed, special effects and editing. The Italian film industry struggled against rising foreign competition in the years following World War I, several major studios, among them Cines and Ambrosio, formed the Unione Cinematografica Italiana to coordinate a national strategy for film production. This effort was unsuccessful, however, due to a wide disconnect between production and exhibition. Among the notable Italian films of the silent era were Mario Camerinis Rotaio
Cinema of Italy
–
Thaïs (1917)
Cinema of Italy
–
Some of the notable actors and filmmakers
Cinema of Italy
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Enzo Staiola in
Bicycle Thieves (1948)
Cinema of Italy
–
Bartolomeo Pagano as
Maciste
42.
Barbara Bouchet
–
Barbara Bouchet is a German-American actress and entrepreneur who lives and works in Italy. She has acted in more than 80 films and television episodes and founded a company that has produced fitness videos. She also owns and operates a fitness studio and she appeared in Casino Royale as Miss Moneypenny, as Patrizia in Dont Torture a Duckling, The Scarlet and The Black and as Mrs. Schermerhorn in Martin Scorseses Gangs of New York. Barbara Gutscher, the eldest of 4 siblings, was born in Reichenberg, after World War II, her family was placed in a resettlement camp in the American occupation zone in Germany. They were granted permission to emigrate to the United States under the provisions of the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. After arriving in America, the family lived in Five Points, California on the west side of the Central Valley and eventually settled in San Francisco, where Gutscher was raised. During the early 1960s San Francisco Bay Area television station KPIX-TV ran a show named The KPIX Dance Party and these were teenage dancers who danced live to the hit songs of the day and became locally known in their own right by being on television six days per week. Barbara was on the show from 1959 until 1962, when she moved to Hollywood to get into the film industry, Bouchet began her career modelling for magazine covers and appearing in television commercials, before eventually becoming an actress. Her first acting role was a part in What a Way to Go. which led to a series of other roles in the 1960s. She appeared in the films John Goldfarb, Please Come Home, In Harms Way and she appeared, semi-clad, in two editions of Playboy magazine, May 1965 and February 1967. In Casino Royale, she played the role of Miss Moneypenny, in 1968, she guest-starred in the Star Trek episode By Any Other Name, and appeared in the musical film Sweet Charity playing Ursula. Tired of being typecast and unable to get starring roles in Hollywood, she moved to Italy in 1970 and began acting in Italian films, such as Black Belly of the Tarantula and she starred with Gregory Peck in The Scarlet and The Black, a successful TV movie. In 1985, she established a company and started to produce a successful series of fitness books. In addition, she opened a studio in Rome. In 2002, she returned to American cinema, appearing in Gangs of New York, in 1974, Barbara Bouchet married Luigi Borghese, a producer, with whom she has two sons, Alessandro, a TV chef and Massimiliano, a bartender. Her husband subsequently produced some of her later films and they separated in 2006, citing different aspirations. Dick Stewart Television Show, The Rogues Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea The Man from U. N. C. L. E
Barbara Bouchet
–
Bouchet at the Sonopromotion film fair, November 5, 2006,
Kerkrade, The Netherlands
43.
Silent Movie
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A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936, in silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise, an orchestra would play from sheet music. The term silent film is therefore a retronym—that is, a term created to distinguish something retroactively, the early films with sound, starting with The Jazz Singer in 1927, were referred to as talkies, sound films, or talking pictures. A September 2013 report by the United States Library of Congress announced that a total of 70% of American silent feature films are believed to be completely lost, the earliest precursors of film began with image projection through the use of a device known as the magic lantern. This utilized a glass lens, a shutter and a persistent light source, such as a powerful lantern and these slides were originally hand-painted, but still photographs were used later on after the technological advent of photography in the nineteenth century. The invention of a practical photography apparatus preceded cinema by only fifty years, the next significant step towards film creation was the development of an understanding of image movement. Simulations of movement date as far back as to 1828 and only four years after Paul Roget discovered the phenomenon he called Persistence of Vision. This experience was further demonstrated through Rogets introduction of the thaumatrope, the first projected primary proto-movie was made by Eadweard Muybridge between 1877 and 1880. Muybridge set up a row of cameras along a racetrack and timed image exposures to capture the many stages of a horses gallop, the oldest surviving film was created by Louis Le Prince in 1888. It was a film of people walking in Oakwood streets garden. Edison also made a business of selling Kinetograph and Kinetoscope equipment, due to Edisons lack of securing an international patent on his film inventions, similar devices were invented around the world. The Lumière brothers, for example, created the Cinématographe in France, the Cinématographe proved to be a more portable and practical device than both of Edisons as it combined a camera, film processor and projector in one unit. In contrast to Edisons peepshow-style kinetoscope, which one person could watch through a viewer. Their first film, Sortie de lusine Lumière de Lyon, shot in 1894, is considered the first true motion picture, the invention of celluloid film, which was strong and flexible, greatly facilitated the making of motion pictures. This film was 35 mm wide and pulled using four sprocket holes and this doomed the cinematograph, which could only use film with just one sprocket hole. From the very beginnings of film production, the art of motion pictures grew into maturity in the silent era. Silent filmmakers pioneered the art form to the extent that virtually every style, the silent era was also pioneering era from a technical point of view
Silent Movie
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Scene from
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), one of the highest-grossing silent films.
Silent Movie
Silent Movie
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The iconic clock scene from
Safety Last! (1923)
Silent Movie
–
Lillian Gish, the "First Lady of the American Cinema", was a leading star in the silent era with one of the longest careers, working from 1912 to 1987
44.
The Last Remake of Beau Geste
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The Last Remake of Beau Geste is a 1977 American historical comedy film. It starred and was directed and co-written by Marty Feldman. It is a loosely based on the novel Beau Geste. The humor is based heavily upon wordplay and absurdity, Feldman plays Digby Geste, the awkward and clumsy identical twin brother of Michael Yorks Beau, the dignified, aristocratic swashbuckler. The film was shot on location in Madrid, and in Ireland at Ardmore Studios in Bray, the film received mixed-to-negative reviews, with a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Marty Feldman was disappointed with the print distributed in theaters because the studio edited its own version, attempts have been made to have the directors cut restored, but so far these have proved fruitless. According to Michael York, Martys version was much funnier, the Last Remake of Beau Geste at the Internet Movie Database The Last Remake of Beau Geste at the TCM Movie Database
The Last Remake of Beau Geste
–
Theatrical Poster
45.
The Muppet Show
–
The Muppet Show is a family-oriented comedy-variety television series that was produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and features The Muppets. The programmes were recorded at ATVs Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, England, the series shows a vaudeville or music hall-style song-and-dance variety show, as well as glimpses behind the scenes of such a show. Kermit the Frog stars as a showrunner who tries to control of the antics of the other Muppet characters. The show was known for physical slapstick, sometimes absurdist comedy. Each episode also featured a human guest star, as the shows popularity rose, many celebrities were eager to perform with the Muppets on television and in film. Many of the puppeteers also worked on Sesame Street, Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns were two of the show writers. The music was performed by Jack Parnell and his orchestra, since 1969, Sesame Street had given Jim Hensons Muppet creations exposure, however, Henson began to perceive that he was pigeonholed as a childrens entertainer. He sought to create a programme that could be enjoyed by young, Two specials were produced and aired on ABC that are considered pilots for The Muppet Show. Neither led to the sale of a network series. However, the prime-time access rule had just been enacted, which took the 7,30 to 8 pm ET slot from the networks and turned it over to their affiliates. CBS suggested it would be interested in Hensons proposal as a series it could purchase for its owned-and-operated stations. According to the pitch reel, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In co-creator George Schlatter was originally going to be involved. Henson put aside his misgivings about syndication and accepted, the Muppet Show Theme is the shows theme song. It is the opening and closing theme for episode of The Muppet Show and was performed by The Muppets in a scene of The Muppets. Each episode ended with an instrumental performance of The Muppet Show Theme by the Muppet orchestra before Statler. Some last laugh sequences featured other Muppets on the balcony, for example, in one episode, the Muppets of Sesame Street appeared behind the duo who told them, How should we know how to get to Sesame Street. We dont even know how to get out of this stupid theater box, every series, the TV version of the song was presented with re-worked lyrics. While the opening sequence evolved visually over the course of the five series
The Muppet Show
–
The Muppet Show
The Muppet Show
–
John Cleese as a Mexican maraca soloist as part of his 1977 guest appearance on The Muppet Show
The Muppet Show
–
Statue of
Jim Henson and
Kermit the Frog at
College Park, Maryland
The Muppet Show
–
Fozzie Bear (left) and
Rowlf the Dog (right) perform "English Country Garden" on episode 2.18 of The Muppet Show
46.
Sesame Street
–
Sesame Street is a long-running American childrens television series, produced by Sesame Workshop and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its content, and images communicated through the use of Jim Hensons Muppets, animation, short films, humor. The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history, with the creation of Sesame Street, producers and writers of a childrens television show used, for the first time, educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content. It was also the first time a shows educational effects were studied, the show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements, international sales, and other media. By 2006, there were independently produced versions, or co-productions, in 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street, and by the shows 40th anniversary in 2009, it was broadcast in more than 140 countries. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was the childrens television show in the United States. A1996 survey found that 95% of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old, in 2008, it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children. As of 2014, Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards—more than any other childrens show, Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a television show that would master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them. The program premiered on television stations on November 10,1969. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory, initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, Sesame Street has evolved from its initial inception. According to writer Michael Davis, by the mid-1970s the show had become an American institution, the cast and crew expanded during this time, with emphasis on the hiring of women crew members and the addition of minorities to the cast. The shows success continued into the 1980s, Sesame Streets curriculum has expanded to include more affective topics such as relationships, ethics, and emotions. After the turn of the 21st century, Sesame Street made major structural changes, for example, starting in 2002, its format became more narrative and included ongoing storylines. After its thirtieth anniversary in 1999 and due to the popularity of the Muppet Elmo, upon its fortieth anniversary in 2009, the show received a Lifetime Achievement Emmy at the 36th Daytime Emmy Awards. In April 2017, Sesame Street will introduce a new puppet called Julia with Autism to the show, and will be voiced by Stacey Gordon, who started Puppet Pie and has a son on the autism spectrum. From its first episode, Sesame Street has structured its format by using a visual style, fast-moving action, humor
Sesame Street
–
Co-creator
Joan Ganz Cooney, in 1985
Sesame Street
–
Welcome sign at entrance to ETS headquarters. The ETS conducted the early summative studies about Sesame Street.
Sesame Street
–
The
Kaufman Astoria Studios, where Sesame Street is taped.
Sesame Street
–
Jim Henson, creator of the
Muppets, in 1989
47.
Cookie Monster
–
Cookie Monster is a Muppet on the long-running childrens television show Sesame Street. He is best known for his voracious appetite and his famous eating phrases, Me eat cookie. and Om nom nom nom. He often eats just about anything, including ice cream, hot dogs, cake, pizza, doughnuts, lettuce, apples, bananas, watermelon, however, as his name suggests, his preferred food is cookies. Chocolate chip cookies are his favorite kind, oatmeal cookies are his second favorite, in a song in 2004, Cookie Monster revealed that, before he ate his first cookie, he believed his name was Sid. He is known to have a mother, a sister, and an identically-designed cousin. He also has a father, who appeared in a Monsterpiece Theater sketch promoting energy conservation, water conservation, both Cookie Monsters mother and father share his enormous appetite and craving for cookies. He and his Sesame Street friends are popular motifs on T-shirts, each snack was represented by a different monster. The Wheel-Stealer was a short, fuzzy monster with wonky eyes, the Flute-Snatcher was a speed demon with a long, sharp nose and windblown hair. The Crown-Grabber was a hulk of a monster with a Boris Karloff accent and these monsters had insatiable appetites for the snack foods they were named after. Each time the Muppet narrator, a fellow, fixes himself a tray of Wheels, Flutes and Crowns. One by one, the monsters sneak in and zoom away with the snacks, as it turns out, these commercials were never aired — but all three monsters had a future in the Muppet cast. The Crown-Grabber was used in a sketch on The Ed Sullivan Show, known from then on as the Beautiful Day Monster, he made a number of appearances on Sesame Street and The Muppet Show. The Flute-Snatcher turned into Snake Frackle, a monster from The Great Santa Claus Switch. In 1967, Henson used the Wheel-Stealer puppet for an IBM training film called Coffee Break Machine, in the sketch, called The Computer Dinner, the monster devours a complex coffee making machine as it describes its different parts. When he is finished, the machine announces the monster has activated the machines anti-vandalism system and this sketch was also performed in October,1967 on The Ed Sullivan Show. It was also performed on the George Burns episode of The Muppet Show using the Luncheon Counter Monster. Two years later, Henson used a similarly-designed and equally ravenous monster for three commercials selling Munchos, a Frito-Lay potato chip and this time, the puppet was called Arnold, the Munching Monster. After the three ads were produced, Henson had the opportunity to renew the contract and he chose not to, because at that point he was working on Sesame Street — and that monster puppet was moving on to the next stage in his career
Cookie Monster
–
Cookie Monster singing his signature song "
C Is For Cookie "
48.
The Two Ronnies
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The Two Ronnies is a BBC television comedy sketch show created by Bill Cotton for the BBC, which aired on BBC One from 1971 to 1987. It featured the double act of Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett met at the Buckstone Club in the Haymarket, London, where Ronnie Corbett was serving drinks between acting jobs. In the audience was Bill Cotton, the Head of Light Entertainment for the BBC, and Sir Paul Fox, Cotton was so impressed by the duo that he turned to Fox and asked, How would you like those two on your network. Barker and Corbett were given their own show by the BBC, the show was produced annually between 1971 and 1987. It had many writers including Ray Alan, John Cleese, Barry Cryer, Spike Milligan, David Nobbs, David Renwick, Eric Idle, John Sullivan, Michael Palin, Terry Jones. In addition, Barker used the pseudonym Gerald Wiley when writing sketches, the show featured comic sketches in which Barker and Corbett appeared both together and separately, with various additions giving the programme the feeling of a variety show. The sketches often involved complex word-play, much of it written by Barker, Corbett appeared quieter, more often acting as a foil for Barker, but remained an important part of the chemistry. Other jokes could be of a nature of the sort found on seaside postcards. The duo had formed some time after their peers by which time the world had moved on to satire, absurdist surrealism. Furthermore, there was more comedic parity between the two stars, with the diminutive Corbett less of a foil to Barker than Ernie Wise was to Eric Morecambe. Barker reveals he misinterpreted what he said, stating that he asked for fork handles – andles for forks, Barker continues to ask for other items from a list, very tersely, and grows more and more frustrated as Corbett continues to misinterpret what he actually says. The sketch was written by Barker, for example, when Smithers is asked What is the name of the directory that lists members of the peerage. He replies with the answer to the question which is A study of old fossils. Rook Restaurant - Barker is a waiter in a restaurant that only serves rook, with Corbett and Claire Nielson playing the role of a diner. The sketch was written by David Nobbs, swear Box - Barker and Corbett are in a pub which has a swear box and keep swearing during the sketch. The swear words are bleeped out, opticians - Barker and Corbett play as an optician and his customer, who both have equally poor sight. The sketch was written by Barker and you Can Say That Again, - Corbett plays as a man named Bert, who hesitates when speaking, leaving up to Barker to finishes his sentences. Dr. Death - Barker plays as a GP who has the name of Dr. Death
The Two Ronnies
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The spectacles logo from the show's opening. Both performers wore glasses; Barker's are on top, Corbett's underneath.
The Two Ronnies
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Piggy Malone and Charley Farley.
The Two Ronnies
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The Two Ronnies News Items in 1978
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Studio City, Los Angeles
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Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the San Fernando Valley. It is named after the lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927. Originally known as Laurelwood, the area Studio City occupies was part of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando. In 1899, however, the area lost most water rights to Los Angeles and therefore subdivision, construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct began in 1908 and water reached the San Fernando Valley in November,1913. Whitley platted the area of present-day Studio City from portions of the town of Lankershim as well as the eastern part of the new acquisition. In 1927, Mack Sennett began building a new studio on 20 acres donated by the land developer, the area around the studio was named Studio City. In 1955, Studio Citys Station 78 became the first racially integrated station in the Los Angeles City Fire Department, in 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 37,201. In 2000, the age for residents,38, was considered old for city and county neighborhoods. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically, with a percent of White residents. The breakdown was whites, 78%, Latinos,8. 7%, Asians,5. 4%, blacks,3. 7%, and others,4. 1%. Iran and the United Kingdom were the most common places of birth for the 21. 1% of the residents who were born abroad—a low percentage for Los Angeles, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $75,657, considered high for the city. The percent of households earning $125,000 and up was high for Los Angeles County, the average household size of 1.9 people was low when compared to the rest of the city and the county. Renters occupied 55. 9% of the stock and house- or apartment-owners held 44. 1%. In 2000, there were 837 families headed by single parents, there were 2,591 veterans,8. 8% of the population, a high figure for the city. The percentages of residents with a masters degree was also high for the county. Schools within the Studio City boundaries are, Harvard-Westlake School, private, the Studio City Recreation Center is in Studio City. Moorpark Park, a pocket park in Studio City, has a childrens play area. Woodbridge Park on the border of Studio City has a children
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Ventura and Laurel Canyon boulevards, July 2008
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Walter Reed Middle School
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Athletic field at Upper Campus, Harvard-Westlake School
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Studio City Theater, now a
Barnes & Noble branch
