1.
Vlaardingen
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Vlaardingen is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the bank of the Nieuwe Maas river at the confluence with the Oude Maas. The municipality administers an area of 26.69 km2, of which 23.64 km2 is land, the city is divided into a northern and a southern part by the A20 motorway. On the east the city is separated from Schiedam by the A4 motorway, other places nearby are Maassluis to the west, Schipluiden and Delft to the north, Schiedam and Rotterdam to the east and Spijkenisse in the south-west, on the other side of the Nieuwe Maas. The A20 connects Rotterdam to Hoek van Holland, the Beneluxtunnel connects the A20 to the A15. The centre of the town is on the west side of the old harbour, the area around Vlaardingen was already settled by about 2900 to 2600 BC. In 1990, a skeleton dated at about 1300 BC was dug up in the periphery of Vlaardingen, some human nuclear DNA was identified, in 726 or 727 the area is again mentioned as In Pagio Marsum, where a little church was established, around which Vlaardingen formed. The church is mentioned on a list of churches Willibrord, the Apostle to the Frisians, in 1018 Vlaardingen was a stronghold of Dirk III, who levied an illegal toll on ships on the Meuse river. An army sent by German Emperor Henry II in order to stop this practice was defeated by Dirk III in the Battle of Vlaardingen, in 1047, his successor Dirk IV repelled another such attack. The flood disaster of December 21,1163, ended the growth of Vlaardingen, the Counts of Holland moved away and its development stagnated. It is known that in 1273 Vlaardingen was granted city rights by Floris V, older city rights are possible, but not provable. In 1574, during the Eighty Years War of Dutch independence, Vlaardingen later became a shipbuilding area and a significant harbour for the herring fishing industry. The fishing boats ceased to use Vlaardingen in the years after World War II, because of the industrialization in and close to Vlaardingen, the city suffered from heavy air pollution and sometimes sick making smog during the 1970s. One day, a school had to be closed because of the smog. Many environmental groups arose in and around Vlaardingen and the it was seen as one of the most dirty cities of the country, there are still some ship repair business in Eastern Vlaardingen beside the Nieuwe Maas River. The Vulcaanhaven was for years the largest privately owned artificial harbour in the world. The last major herring factory, Warmelo & Van Der Drift, left Vlaardingen in the middle of 2012 to relocate to Katwijk aan Zee, there are still some ferry terminals. Historical buildings in the include the Grote Kerk, the Waag next to the church and the old town hall, all on the Markt, the former marketplace, the Visbank at the harbour
2.
The Cult
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The Cult are a British rock band formed in 1983. Before settling on their current name in January 1984, the band performed under the name Death Cult, according to music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the band fuse a heavy metal revivalist sound with the pseudo-mysticism. of The Doors the guitar-orchestrations of Led Zeppelin. While adding touches of post-punk goth rock, after moving to London, the band released their second album Love in 1985, which charted at No.4 in the UK and included singles such as She Sells Sanctuary and Rain. On their third album, Electric, the band supplemented their post-punk sound with hard rock and their fourth album, Sonic Temple, proceeded in a similar vein, and these two albums enabled them to break into the North American market. By the early 1990s, The Cult were fraying behind the scenes due to alcohol abuse, the band reunited in 1999 and recorded the album Beyond Good and Evil, and they reissued all of their albums in Asia and Eastern Europe in 2003 and Japan in 2004. In 2006, the band reformed again to perform a series of worldwide tours. In October 2007, the released the album Born into This on Roadrunner Records. In July 2009, Astbury announced that The Cult would not record any studio albums, focusing on EPs. However, the band have released two more studio albums, Choice of Weapon and Hidden City. The bands origins can be traced to 1981, in Bradford, Yorkshire, Astbury was joined by Buzz Burrows, Barry Jepson and Aki Nawaz Qureshi, they performed their first show at the Queens Hall in their hometown of Bradford on 29 October 1981. The band were at the forefront of a style of music, in the form of post-punk and gothic rock, they achieved critical acclaim from the press. The band signed to independent record label Situation Two, an offshoot of Beggars Banquet Records and they toured through England headlining some shows and touring with Bauhaus and Theatre of Hate. The band played their final performance in Manchester during February 1983, in April 1983, Astbury teamed up with guitarist Billy Duffy and formed the band Death Cult. Duffy had been in the Nosebleeds, Lonesome No More and then Theatre of Hate, in addition to Astbury and Duffy, the band also included Jamie Stewart and Raymond Taylor Smith, both from the Harrow, London based post-punk band, Ritual. Death Cult made their debut in Oslo, Norway on 25 July 1983 and also released the Death Cult EP in the same month, then toured through mainland Europe. In September 1983, Mondo was deported to his country of Sierra Leone and replaced by Nigel Preston. The single Gods Zoo was released in October 1983, another European tour, with UK dates, followed that autumn. To tone down their names gothic connotations and gain broader appeal, the Cults first studio record, Dreamtime, was recorded at Rockfield Studios, in Monmouth, Wales in 1984
3.
Mark Lanegan
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Mark William Lanegan is an American alternative rock musician and singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Ellensburg, Washington, Lanegan began his career in 1984, forming the grunge band Screaming Trees with Gary Lee Conner, Van Conner. During his time in the band, Lanegan also started a solo career and released his first solo studio album, The Winding Sheet. Since 1990, he has released a six studio albums and has received critical recognition. Lanegan also performed with Layne Staley and Mike McCready in the side band and it was intended that Lanegan was to take over vocals in Mad Season full-time after Staley declined to make a second album. Like Clockwork. Lanegan has a baritone voice that has been described as scratchy as a three-day beard yet as supple and pliable as moccasin leather and compared to Leonard Cohen. During an interview for Pacific Northwest periodical The Rocket in 1996 and he came from a dysfunctional family that he tried to avoid, and was using drugs heavily by the age of 18, having already been arrested and sentenced to one years imprisonment for drug-related crimes. He got out of jail by taking a year-long rehabilitation course, around this time he met and befriended Van Conner with whom he would eventually form the Screaming Trees. At this point his relationship with the Conner brothers was limited to talking about music, along with Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Mudhoney, and Nirvana, Screaming Trees were part of Seattles emerging grunge scene in the early 1990s. The band was formed in late 1984 by Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bassist Van Conner, Mark Pickerel would later be replaced with Barrett Martin. Lanegan said I was such a shitty drummer that made me sing. The band released the Other Worlds EP in 1985, though the band was being courted by major labels, in 1985 they signed to Velvetone records to release their debut album, Clairvoyance. Musically the album is a combination of music and hard rock. In 1987, the released their second effort, and their first for SST Records, Even If. After the release of the album in 1987 the band working on the American indie circuit. Their follow up album Invisible Lantern was released in 1988, buzz Factory was the fourth full-length album by Screaming Trees and their final record released through SST released in 1989. In 1991, the released their fifth effort, and their first for a major label. Uncle Anesthesia was released in 1991 and was produced by Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell, uncle Anesthesia included the single Bed of Roses, which gained considerable airtime on alternative rock radio stations
4.
Bassist
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A bassist, or bass player, is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass, bass guitar, keyboard bass or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or sousaphone. Different musical genres tend to be associated with one or more of these instruments. Since the 1960s, the bass has been the standard bass instrument for funk, R&B, soul music, rock and roll, reggae, jazz fusion, heavy metal, country. The double bass is the bass instrument for classical music, bluegrass, rockabilly. Low brass instruments such as the tuba or sousaphone are the bass instrument in Dixieland. Despite the associations of different bass instruments with certain genres, there are exceptions, some fusion jazz groups use a lightweight, stripped-down electric upright bass rather than a double bass. Some composers of art music use the electric bass in a chamber music setting. Some jazz big bands use electric bass, some funk, R&B and jazz, fusion groups use synth bass or keyboard bass rather than electric bass. Bootsy Collins and Stevie Wonder used synth bass, some Dixieland bands use double bass or electric bass instead of a tuba. In some jazz groups and jam bands, the basslines are played by a Hammond organ player, electric bassists play the bass guitar. In most rock, pop, metal and country genres, the bass line outlines the harmony of the music being performed, in addition, there are many different standard bass line types for different genres and types of song. Bass lines often emphasize the root note, with a role for the third. In addition, pedal tones, ostinatos, and bass riffs are also used as bass lines, while most electric bass players rarely play chords, chords are used in some styles, especially funk, R&B, soul music, jazz, Latin and heavy metal music. A shortlist of the notable bassists in these genres includes, Barry Bales Herbie Flowers Willie Dixon Danny Thompson List of double bassists in popular music
5.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
6.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
7.
Scott Weiland
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Scott Richard Weiland was an American musician, singer and songwriter. During a career spanning three decades, Weiland was best known as the singer of the band Stone Temple Pilots from 1989 to 2002 and 2008 to 2013. He was also a member of supergroup Velvet Revolver from 2003 to 2008 and he established himself as a solo artist as well, releasing three studio albums, two cover albums, a live album and collaborations with several other musicians since 1995. Now widely viewed as a talented and versatile vocalist, Weiland has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader, while touring for his 2015 album Blaster, Weiland died of a drug overdose on his tour bus in Minnesota at the age of 48. Weiland was born at Kaiser Hospital in San Jose, California, from his father side, he was of German descent. At age five he took his adoptive stepfather David Weilands surname, around that time, Weiland moved to Bainbridge Township, Ohio, where he attended Kenston High School. He moved back to California as a teenager and attended Edison High School in Huntington Beach, before devoting himself to music full-time, he worked as a paste up artist for the Los Angeles Daily Journal legal newspaper. In 1986 Weiland met bassist Robert DeLeo at a Black Flag concert in Long Beach, the two of them were discussing their love interests, when they realized one of them was the same girl they were both dating. They developed a bond over the incident, and ended up moving into her vacated apartment, Weilands childhood friends Corey Hicock and David Allin rounded out the group, both of whom would soon be replaced by Eric Kretz and DeLeos brother Dean. They took the name Stone Temple Pilots because of their fondness for the initials STP, in one of the bands first opening performances as Mighty Joe Young, they opened for Electric Love Hogs, whose guitarist Dave Kushner would one day co-found Weilands later band Velvet Revolver. In 1992, they released their first album, Core, spawning four hits, in 1994, STP released their second record, Purple, which saw the development of a more distinctive identity for the band. Like Core, Purple was a big success for the band, the critical response to Purple was more favorable, with Spin magazine calling it a quantum leap from the bands previous album. In 1995, Weiland formed the rock band The Magnificent Bastards with session drummer Victor Indrizzo in San Diego. The band included Zander Schloss and Jeff Nolan on guitars and Bob Thompson on bass. was recorded for the album, Working Class Hero. Weiland rejoined Stone Temple Pilots in the fall of 1995, but STP was forced to cancel most of their 1996–1997 tour in support of their third release, Songs from the Vatican Gift Shop, which sold about two million albums. Weiland encountered problems with addiction at this time as well, which inspired some of his songs in the late-1990s. While STP went on hiatus after the release of Tiny Music, Weiland released a solo album in 1998 called 12 Bar Blues. Weiland wrote most of the songs on the album, and collaborated with artists, notably Daniel Lanois, Sheryl Crow, Brad Mehldau
8.
Sarah McLachlan
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Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC, OBC is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist. Known for her ballads and mezzo-soprano vocal range, as of 2009. McLachlans best-selling album to date is Surfacing, for which she won two Grammy Awards and four Juno Awards, in addition to her personal artistic efforts, she founded the Lilith Fair tour, which showcased female musicians on an unprecedented scale. The Lilith Fair concert tours took place from 1997 to 1999, on May 6,2014, she released her first album of original music in four years, titled Shine On. Sarah McLachlan was born on January 28,1968, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a child, she took voice lessons, along with studies in classical piano and guitar. When she was 17 years old and still a student at Queen Elizabeth High School in Halifax, she fronted a short-lived rock band called The October Game. One of the songs, Grind, credited as a group composition, can be found on the independent Flamingo Records release Out of the Fog. It has yet to be released elsewhere and her high school yearbook predicted that she was destined to become a famous rock star. She finally signed to Nettwerk two years later before having written a single song, a mutual acquaintance introduced her to her birth mother when she was nineteen. McLachlan did not seek her out and was ambivalent about meeting her, in 1994 McLachlan was sued by Uwe Vandrei, an obsessed fan from Ottawa, who alleged that his letters to her had been the basis of the single Possession. The lawsuit was also challenging for the Canadian legal system, Vandrei was an admitted stalker whose acknowledged goal in filing the lawsuit was to be near McLachlan, consequently, precautions were taken to ensure McLachlans safety if she had to be in the same location as Vandrei. Before the trial however, Vandrei was found dead in an apparent suicide. Vandreis preoccupation with McLachlan was explored at length in Canadian author Judith Fitzgeralds book, Building a Mystery, in 1997, McLachlan married her drummer, Ashwin Sood, in Jamaica. While she was pregnant with her first child, her mother died from cancer in December 2001, while working on her next album, Afterglow, she gave birth to daughter India Ann Sushil Sood in Vancouver on April 6,2002. On June 22,2007 she gave birth to her daughter, Taja Summer Sood. McLachlan announced her separation from Ashwin Sood in September 2008 and they divorced the same year, the signing with Nettwerk prompted McLachlan to move to Vancouver, British Columbia. There she recorded her first album, Touch, in 1988, during this period she also contributed to an album by Moev, and embarked on her first national concert tour as an opening act for The Grapes of Wrath. Her 1991 album, Solace, was her breakthrough in Canada, spawning the hit singles The Path of Thorns
9.
Layne Staley
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Alice in Chains rose to international fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s. The band became known for Staleys distinct vocal style, as well as the vocals between him and Cantrell. Staley was also a member of the supergroups Mad Season and Class of 99, by mid-1996, Staley was out of the public spotlight, never to perform live again. Staley struggled for much of his life with depression and a drug addiction. Layne Thomas Staley was born to Phillip Blair Phil Staley and Nancy Elizabeth Staley in Kirkland and he was seven years old when his parents divorced, after which he was raised by his mother and stepfather, Jim Elmer. He took his stepfathers name while enrolled in Meadowdale High School in Lynnwood, in late 2001, shortly before his death, he would describe the experience of witnessing his parents divorce, My world became a nightmare, there were just shadows around me. I got a call saying that my dad had died, since that call I always was wondering, Where is my dad. I felt so sad for him and I missed him and he dropped out of my life for 15 years. Staley approached music through his parents collection, listening to Black Sabbath and he began playing drums at age 12, he played in several glam bands in his early teens, but by this point, Staley had aspirations of becoming a singer. In 1984, Staley joined a group of Shorewood High students in a band called Sleze, in 1986, Sleze morphed into Alice N Chains, a band which Staley said dressed in drag and played speed metal. The new band performed around the Seattle area playing Slayer and Armored Saint covers, Staley met guitarist Jerry Cantrell while working at Music Bank rehearsal studios, and the two fast friends lived as roommates for over a year in the dilapidated rehearsal space they shared. Alice N Chains soon disbanded and Staley joined a band who at the time also required a guitarist. He asked Cantrell to join as a sideman, Cantrell agreed on condition that Staley join Cantrells band, which at the time included drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr. Eventually the funk project broke up and in 1987 Staley joined Cantrell on a full-time basis, the band eventually took the name of Alice in Chains. Alice in Chains released their debut album Facelift on August 21,1990, the second single, Man in the Box, with lyrics written by Staley, became a huge hit. Facelift has since been certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of two million copies in the United States. The band toured in support of the album for two years before releasing the acoustic EP Sap in early 1992, in September 1992, Alice in Chains released Dirt. The critically acclaimed album, also the bands most successful, debuted at six on the Billboard 200
10.
Tom Morello
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Thomas Baptiste Tom Morello is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor and political activist. He is best known for his tenure with the band Rage Against the Machine, as of 2016, Morello is a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage. Morello was also a musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. He is also known for his solo act called The Nightwatchman. Morello is also the co-founder of the political activist organization Axis of Justice. Born in Harlem, New York, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, Morello became interested in music and he attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Studies. After his previous band Lock Up disbanded, Morello met Zack de la Rocha, the group went on to become one of the most popular and influential rock acts of the 1990s. He is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style, Morello is also noted for his leftist political views and activism, his creation of his side project The Nightwatchman offered an outlet for his views while playing apolitical music with Audioslave. He was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time, Tom Morello was born on May 30,1964, in Harlem, New York, to Ngethe Njoroge and Mary Morello. Morello is of Italian and Irish descent on his maternal side and his father was a Kenyan participant in the Mau Mau Uprising, and served as Kenyas first ambassador to the United Nations. Morellos paternal great-uncle, Jomo Kenyatta, was the first elected president in Kenyan history and his parents met in August 1963 while attending a pro-democracy protest in Nairobi, Kenya. After discovering her pregnancy, Mary returned to the United States with Njoroge in November, when Morello was 16 months old, Njoroge returned to his native Kenya, and denied his paternity of his son. Morello was raised by his mother in Libertyville, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, there he attended Libertyville High School, where his mother was a U. S. history teacher. She was the teacher for Toms classmate and fellow guitarist Adam Jones, of the band Tool. Morello sang in the choir and was active in speech and drama club. Morello developed leftist political leanings early, and has described himself as having been the only anarchist in a high school. In the 1980 mock elections at Libertyville, he campaigned for a fictitious anarchist candidate named Hubie Maxwell and he also wrote a piece headlined South Africa, Racist Fascism That We Support for the school alternative newspaper The Student Pulse. Morello graduated from school with honors in June 1982
