1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Big Sean
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Sean Michael Leonard Anderson, known professionally as Big Sean, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Sean signed with Kanye Wests GOOD Music in 2007, Def Jam Recordings in 2008, after releasing a number of mixtapes, Sean released his debut studio album, Finally Famous, in 2011. He released his studio album, Hall of Fame, on August 27,2013. Seans third studio album Dark Sky Paradise was released in 2015, Sean Michael Leonard Anderson was born on March 25,1988 in Santa Monica, California to Myra and James Anderson. When he was 3 months old, he moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he was raised by his mother, a school teacher and he attended the Detroit Waldorf School and graduated from Cass Technical High School with a 3.7 GPA. Big Sean is often heard saying west side in his songs, he is referring to the west side of his hometown Detroit, in 2005, Kanye West was doing a radio interview at 102.7 FM. Hearing about this, Sean headed over to the station to meet West, initially West was reluctant to hear him, however he gave Sean 16 bars to rap for him. According to Big Sean, West enjoyed his freestyle, As we get to the entrance of the radio station and we stopped in the middle of the doorway. He starts looking at me and bobbing his head, after the freestyle, Sean left West his demo tape. Two years later, West signed Big Sean to GOOD Music, on September 30,2007, Big Sean released his first official mixtape Finally Famous, The Mixtape. His hit single, Getcha Some, produced by WrighTrax, attained media attention and led to articles in The Source and he also recorded a music video for Getcha Some, which was directed by Hype Williams. Sean released a mixtape hosted by Mick Boogie on April 16,2009. It featured the songs Million Dollars, Getcha Some and Supa Dupa, an unauthorized leak of his collaboration with Drake, called Made made its way onto the internet on April 30,2010. In an interview with TheHipHopUpdate. com on May 1, Big Sean expressed his disappointment over the leak, Big Seans official Facebook page confirmed that his debut album Finally Famous & Consequences Cons TV would be released on September 14,2010. On August 31, Big Sean tweeted that the album was not coming out on that day, the albums lead single, My Last, features vocals from Chris Brown and was produced by No I. D. According to Amazon. com, Big Seans Finally Famous was delayed by a week, Big Sean has revealed the cover art for his G. O. O. D. Music debut and explained that the one-week pushback was to be blamed on sample, the official track list was revealed on June 7. Finally Famous, Seans debut studio album, was released June 28,2011, and spawned three hit singles, My Last, Marvin & Chardonnay and Dance
3.
Kanye West
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Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
4.
Finally Famous (Big Sean album)
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Finally Famous is the debut studio album by American rapper Big Sean. It was released on June 28,2011, by GOOD Music, recording sessions took place from 2010 to 2011, with Kanye West serving as the only executive producer on the album. The album was supported by three singles, My Last featuring Chris Brown, Marvin & Chardonnay featuring West and Roscoe Dash, the commercial debut single, titled My Last was released on March 1,2011. The song features guest vocals from American recording artist Chris Brown, the song debuted at number 30 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song also topped the Billboards Top Rap Songs, becoming his first number-one hit on the chart in the United States, Marvin & Chardonnay featuring Kanye West and Roscoe Dash, was sent to radio on July 12,2011 as the albums second single. The song was produced by Pop Wansel, the song peaked at number 32 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Dance was sent to radio as the albums third single on September 20,2011. The song was produced by Da Internz, the remix to Dance, featuring Nicki Minaj, was sent to urban radio on October 18,2011. The albums promotional single, I Do It was released via download on May 10,2011. No I. D. also produced this track, alongside The Legendary Traxster, the song peaked at number 92 on the US Billboards Top R&B/Hip-Hop chart. The albums second single, What Goes Around was released on May 20,2011. No I. D. also produced this track, the albums third promotional single, So Much More was released on June 14,2011. No I. D. also produced this track, Finally Famous was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. AllMusics David Jeffries gave the four out of five stars, saying Fun, inventive, swaggering. William E. Chris Martins of The A. V, club gave the album a C, saying Complexity is a hallmark of any good artist, but Sean seems distracted by clichéd ideas of identity. The album debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200, with sales of 87,000 copies in the United States. Denotes co-producer denotes additional production Sample credits My Last contains a sample of Can You Stand the Rain performed by New Edition, dont Tell Me You Love Me contains a sample of Breakeven performed by The Script. Wait for Me contains a sample of Its Too Late performed by Wilson Pickett, Marvin & Chardonnay contains an interpolation of Amazing performed by Kanye West
5.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
6.
GOOD Music
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GOOD Music, Inc. is an American record label founded in 2004, by hip hop artist and record producer Kanye West. The label has housed several successful recording artists throughout the years, such as Big Sean, Pusha T, Common, John Legend, Tyga, Kid Cudi, Desiigner, Teyana Taylor and Mos Def, among others. Their roster of producers include Travis Scott, Southside, Hit-Boy, Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Jeff Bhasker. The label has released 10 albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America, Kanye West founded GOOD Music in 2004, in conjunction with Sony BMG, shortly after releasing his debut album, The College Dropout. John Legend, Common, and West were the labels inaugural artists, legends Get Lifted was the labels first album release - this received eight nominations and three wins at the 2006 Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist and Best R&B Album. In October 2006, Legend released his album, Once Again. Commons Be, the second release, was the recipient of four Grammy Award nominations. The label later added GLC, Really Doe, Malik Yusef, Tony Williams, Wests second studio album, Late Registration, included featured guest appearances by every artist signed to GOOD Musics roster at the time of its release in August 2005. In May 2007, Detroit rapper Big Sean signed to the label, in 2008, West signed British singer-songwriter Mr Hudson, after hearing A Tale of Two Cities. He also signed then up-and-coming rapper Kid Cudi, after hearing his work from producer and manager Plain Pat. Kid Cudis debut album, Man on the Moon, The End of Day was released under GOOD Music on September 15,2009, the album earned three Grammy nominations and was certified Gold by the RIAA. A month later Mr Hudsons solo debut, Straight No Chaser, was released, the label held a cypher for the 2010 BET Hip Hop Awards in June, that featured West, Common, Big Sean and new signee Cyhi the Prynce. In late 2010, West released several tracks featuring himself, and others members of the GOOD Music roster, in a free weekly giveaway known as, G. O. O. D. In September 2010, West signed Brooklyn rapper Mos Def to GOOD Music. and shortly afterwards Consequence released a diss track, the following month Pusha T announced his signing. Late in 2010, Kid Cudi released his studio album Man on the Moon II, The Legend of Mr. Rager. In April 2011, West signed American rapper and producer Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest, Kanye West also signed producer Hit-Boy, to Very G. O. O. D. In 2011, West signed Nigerian artists Dbanj and Don Jazzy, in June 2011, GOOD Music signed their first distribution agreement, with Def Jam Recordings. Big Seans debut Finally Famous was the first album released by GOOD Music with distribution by Def Jam, in late 2011, plans were announced for a release of a compilation album, later entitled Cruel Summer
7.
Def Jam Recordings
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Def Jam Recordings is an American record label, focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the takes on the name Def Jam UK and is operated through Virgin EMI, while in Japan. The label distributes various record labels, including Kanye Wests GOOD Music, Ludacris Disturbing Tha Peace, Def Jam was founded by Rick Rubin in his dormitory in Weinstein Hall at New York University and its first release was a single by his punk-rock group Hose. Russell Simmons joined Rubin shortly after they were introduced to other, according to one story. Another cites DJ Jazzy Jay as their connector, Rubin has said he met Simmons on the TV show, Graffiti Rock and recognized him then as the face of hip hop, He was five years older than me, and he was already established in the music business. And I had no experience whatsoever, the first single released with the Def Jam Recordings logo was T La Rock & Jazzy Jays Its Yours. The first releases with Def Jam Recordings catalog numbers were LL Cool Js I Need a Beat, the singles sold well, eventually leading to a distribution deal with CBS Records through Columbia Records the following year. A few years later, Russell Simmons and Lyor Cohen started a label called Rush Associated Labels to handle Def Jam. RAL became the home to Nice & Smooth and EPMD after both acts were acquired due to the folding of their former label Sleeping Bag Records, other acts under the RAL umbrella included Redman, Onyx, Flatlinerz, Domino, Warren G and Jayo Felony. As the decade drew to a close, the label signed Public Enemy, Lyor Cohen became president of Def Jam/RAL in 1988, after winning a power struggle with Rubin, who would shortly thereafter leave the company to form Def American Recordings. Rubin would take Slayer with him to Def American in its initial stages, by 1992, despite recent multi-platinum selling releases from Public Enemy, and EPMD, Def Jam ran into severe financial troubles and was faced with folding. However, in 1994, PolyGram purchased Sonys 50% stake in Def Jam Recordings — subsequently bringing the label into its fold, following PolyGrams purchase, Def Jam distributed the Violator Records-signed artist Warren Gs Regulate. G Funk Era album, which went triple platinum and brought much-needed revenue to Def Jam through its distribution deal with Violator, PolyGram acquired an additional 10% in Def Jam Recordings in 1996, further strengthening its ownership of Def Jam. Shortly thereafter, Rush Associated Labels was renamed Def Jam Music Group, the label remained profitable as its veteran star LL Cool J released his successful album Mr. Smith in 1995. The label later signed Foxy Brown, whose debut album Ill Na Na became a seller in 1997. In 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and merged with the MCA family of labels and it then purchased the remaining interest of Def Jam Recordings from Russell Simmons for a reported $100 million. UMG merged 14+ record labels including, Def Jam, Island Records, despite the formation of IDJMG, the Def Jam, Mercury, and Island labels continued to operate as separate imprints underneath the bigger umbrella. Lyor Cohen was appointed co-president of IDJMG, and Kevin Liles succeeded him as president of Def Jam, Def Soul also issued recordings by Musiq, Montell Jordan, Case,112, Patti LaBelle, and Christina Milian
8.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
My Last
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My Last is the first single by American rapper Big Sean from his debut album Finally Famous. The song features R&B singer Chris Brown, the song is produced by No I. D. Brown has also done a freestyle over the track, the songs instrumental was described by Rap-Up as a bouncy piano-laced beat. DJBooth. net described the beat as soft keyboard chords that transition well into the hook where a low bass, Sean revealed he originally rejected the beat but gave it a chance after pressurings by the songs producer No I. D. The songs melody is sampled from the 1988 New Edition hit Can You Stand the Rain, Sean described the song as a real great party song. The music video was shot in West Hollywood, California on March 18,2011, the music video is directed by TAJ Stansberry and features cameos by former GOOD Music artist Kid Cudi and current GOOD Music artist Teyana Taylor. It debuted on VEVO on March 24,2011, Chris Brown has also released a music video to his freestyle. Critical reception of the song has mostly positive with praise going to the chorus. Chicago Now described the song as featuring a chorus, memorable verses. DJBooth. net also praised Seans lyrical abilities, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
11.
E.T. (song)
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E. T. is a song by American singer Katy Perry taken from her third studio album, Teenage Dream. She co-wrote the song with its producers Dr. Luke, Max Martin, E. T. was serviced to radio stations as the albums fourth single on February 16,2011. One version of the song features verses from American rapper Kanye West, musically, it is an electronic and hip hop ballad which draws heavily from dubstep and techno, along with smaller amounts of drum and bass. Lyrically, the song speaks of falling in love with a foreigner, the song became Perrys fifth non-consecutive number one on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, and also topped charts in Canada, New Zealand and Poland. To date, E. T. has sold six million digital downloads worldwide, making it one of the best-selling singles worldwide. According to Billboard, it was the fourth biggest song of 2011, to promote the song, Perry and West performed on the tenth season of American Idol, the 54th Grammy Awards, and at Madison Square Garden for Z100s Jingle Ball. The video garnered positive reviews music critics. Perrys decision to write E. T. came after its beat was accidentally played during a recording session she had with Dr. Luke, Max Martin and it was originally intended for American hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. However, after hearing it, Perry chose to work with the track. She told MTV News, I heard it and I always knew I wanted to write this futuristic, alienistic song, I know this seems like a long shot, but I think I have the perfect material to put on top of this sound. And I did, and it worked out perfectly. On August 17,2010, the version of the song was released as a promotional single from Teenage Dream. In December 2010, Perry asked fans through Twitter to help her select the fourth single. On December 13,2010, she tweeted, Thanks for all your great suggestions for the next single today, and Your voice has been heard. In early January 2011, Perry announced via Facebook that E. T. would be the fourth single. The announcement was accompanied with the artwork, which features Perry with cat eye make-up, bangs. Unlike the original, the version features rap verses from rapper Kanye West. The remix debuted on February 16,2011, worldwide, on April 12,2011, the song was sent for airplay on US urban radio
12.
Otis (song)
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Otis is a song by American hip hop artists Kanye West and Jay-Z, from their first collaborative album Watch the Throne. The song posthumously features soul singer Otis Redding, whose version of Try a Little Tenderness is sampled in the song, the production was covered solely by West. The track was premiered by Funkmaster Flexs Hot 97 radio show and was released onto the Internet the day afterward, lyrically, the song has the two rappers sharing lines discussing wealth, decadence and fame. Several publications placed the song amongst the best of the year, the track was released as the second single from Watch the Throne on July 20,2011. The song peaked at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the song has since been certified Platinum for sales exceeding 1,000,000. The song received a video directed by Spike Jonze on August 2011. The video primarily shows West and Jay-Z modifying a Maybach luxury car and then driving around in it with no doors or windows, after its release, the video was met with positive reception. The cover art was designed by Italian fashion designer Riccardo Tisci, Jay and West performed the song at all the stops on their 2011 Watch the Throne Tour. It was also performed at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012, Otis was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Song and won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance. On July 7,2011, Otis was previewed along with the songs from Watch the Throne by Jay-Z at a private listening session at the Mercer Hotel in New York City. A select group of reporters, music journalists, and contest winners were present at the listening session, after the listening session, it was confirmed that a song called Otis, would appear on the album. It was reported that the song would sample soul music singer Otis Reddings version of Try a Little Tenderness, on July 20, Otis was premiered on Funkmaster Flexs Hot 97 radio show and subsequently was released for download to the Internet as a way to promote the upcoming album. On July 22, the song was released to the iTunes Store and was a download for those who pre-ordered the album. It was sent by The Island Def Jam Music Group to rhythmic contemporary, the cover art for Otis was designed by Italian fashion designer Riccardo Tisci, who had previously designed the artwork for the H•A•M single cover and the Watch the Throne album cover. It features the American flag, both names and the name of the song and the album. The artwork was released onto the following the songs release. Bu Thiam, Def Jam Vice-President of A&R, was with West and Jay-Z throughout the recording process and he recalled the story of the song Otis, was late for his flight, we were in the studio working all day and he was late for his flight. As we were leaving he was like, Yo hold on for a second, so he drops his bags and goes to the MPC and his assistant is rushing him and hes just f----ing with
13.
Let It Fly (song)
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Let It Fly is a song by American hip hop recording artist Maino, released on June 21,2011, the song serves as the lead single from his second studio album The Day After Tomorrow. The song features fellow American recording artist Roscoe Dash and was produced by Shawn St. Cyr, the official remix, released on September 12,2011, features Roscoe Dash, DJ Khaled, Ace Hood, Meek Mill, Jim Jones & Wale. Maino included the remix on his 2012 mixtape I Am Who I Am, on July 7,2011, behind-the-scenes footage of the music video was released. The music video, directed by Michael Dispenza, was filmed in Long Island and was released on August 3,2011, the video features cameo appearances from Reek da Villian, Fred the Godson and Uncle Murda. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
14.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
15.
R&B
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
16.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
17.
Chardonnay
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Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The variety originated in the Burgundy wine region of eastern France, for new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a rite of passage and an easy entry into the international wine market. The Chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the grape being derived from such influences as terroir. It is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of Chablis, France, to New World wines with oak, and tropical fruit flavors. In cool climates, Chardonnay tends to be medium to light body with noticeable acidity and flavors of plum, apple. In warmer locations, the flavors become more citrus, peach, wines that have gone through malolactic fermentation tend to have softer acidity and fruit flavors with buttery mouthfeel and hazelnut notes. Chardonnay is an important component of many sparkling wines around the world, a peak in popularity in the late 1980s gave way to a backlash among those wine connoisseur who saw the grape as a leading negative component of the globalization of wine. For much of its history, a connection was assumed between Chardonnay and Pinot noir or Pinot blanc, in addition to being found in the same region of France for centuries, ampelographers noted that the leaves of each plant have near-identical shape and structure. Pierre Galet disagreed with this assessment, believing that Chardonnay was not related to any other major grape variety, viticulturalists Maynard Amerine and Harold Olmo proposed a descendency from a wild Vitis vinifera vine that was a step removed from white Muscat. Another theory stated that it originated from an ancient indigenous vine found in Cyprus, modern DNA fingerprinting research at University of California, Davis, now suggests that Chardonnay is the result of a cross between the Pinot noir and Gouais blanc grape varieties. The Romans are thought to have brought Gouais blanc from Croatia, the Pinot of the French aristocracy grew in close proximity to the Gouais blanc, giving both grapes ample opportunity to interbreed. Since the two parents were distant, many of the crosses showed hybrid vigour and were selected for further propagation. As of 2006,34 clonal varieties of Chardonnay could be found in vineyards throughout France, examples include the lower-yielding clones Dijon-76,95 and 96 that produce more flavor-concentrated clusters. Dijon-77 and 809 produce more aromatic wines with a perfume, while Dijon-75,78,121,124,125 and 277 are more vigorous. New World varieties include the Mendoza clone, which produced some of the early California Chardonnays, the Mendoza clone is prone to develop millerandage, also known as hens and chicks, where the berries develop unevenly. In places such as Oregon, the use of newer Dijon clones has had success in those regions of the Willamette Valley with climates similar to that of Burgundy. Chardonnay has served as parent to several French-American hybrid grapes, as well as crossings with other V. vinifera varieties, examples include the hybrid Chardonel, which was a Chardonnay and Seyval blanc cross produced in 1953 at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. Mutations of the Chardonnay grape include the rare pink-berried Chardonnay Rose, also Chardonnay Blanc Musqué, Chardonnay Blanc Musqué is mostly found around the Mâconnais village of Clessé and sometimes confused with the Dijon-166 clone planted in South Africa, which yields Muscat-like aromas
18.
Vevo
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Vevo hosts music videos from both Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment syndicated on YouTube and its website, with Google and Vevo sharing advertising and similar benefits. EMI also licensed its library of videos for Vevo shortly before its launch, originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks. The concept for Vevo was described as being a service for music videos. The sites other revenue sources include a store and referral links to purchase viewed songs on Amazon Music. UMG acquired the domain name vevo. com on November 20,2008, SME reached a deal to add its content to the site in June 2009. The site went live on December 8,2009, and that month became the number one most visited music site in the United States. In June 2012, Vevo launched its Certified awards, which honors artists with at least 100 million views on Vevo, on March 12,2013, Vevo launched Vevo TV, an advertising-supported internet television channel running 24 hours a day, featuring blocks of music videos and specials. The channel is available to viewers in North America and Germany. Vevo has planned launches in other countries, after revamping its website, Vevo TV later branched off into three separate networks, Hits, Flow, and Nashville. Vevo shut down the service during the first half of 2016 as part of a site wide redesign, during the run of the service, its schedule and programming was heavily repetitive. Many videos would play twice within an hour and a majority of the videos shown were current, programming shows such as the Top10Now and Vevo Lift would air several times per day. Since the service has been shut down, its apps that havent been updated just play the Top10Now in an infinite loop. Vevo is available in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The website was scheduled to go worldwide in 2010, but as of January 1,2017, Vevos official blog cited licensing issues for the delay in the worldwide rollout. Most of Vevos videos on YouTube are viewable by users in other countries, the Vevo service in the United Kingdom and Ireland was launched on April 26,2011. On April 16,2012, Vevo was launched in Australia, on August 14,2012, Brazil became the first Latin American country to have the service. It was expected to be launched in six more European and Latin American countries in 2012, Vevo launched in Spain, Italy, and France on November 15,2012. Vevo launched in the Netherlands on April 3,2013, and on May 17,2013, in September 29,2013, Vevo updated its iOS application that now includes launching in Germany
19.
BET
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Black Entertainment Television is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, the channel has offices in Washington, D. C. New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago, programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films. After stepping down as a lobbyist for the industry, Freeport. Johnson would soon acquire a loan for $15,000 and a $500,000 investment from media executive John Malone to start the network, the network, which was named Black Entertainment Television, launched on January 25,1980. Initially broadcasting for two hours a week as a block of programming on Nickelodeon, the lineup consisted of music videos. BET launched a program, BET News, in 1988. In 1996, the talk show BET Tonight debuted with Tavis Smiley as host, in 2001, in 1991, the network became the first black-controlled TV company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 2001, the network lost its status as a business when it was bought by media conglomerate Viacom for $3 billion. In 2005, Johnson retired from the network, turning over his titles of president, by 2007, the network had launched two more music-oriented networks, BET Hip-Hop and BET Gospel. BETs president of entertainment Reginald Hudlin resigned from the network on September 11,2008 and he was then replaced by Stephen Hill, who is also executive vice president of music programming and talent. BET announced in March 2010 that Ed Gordon would return to the network to host a variety of news programs, original programming currently seen on BET include Real Husbands of Hollywood, and Being Mary Jane. By the early 2010s, the only regularly airing urban music video program on BET was 106 & Park, BET also airs a program block called BET Inspiration which features Christian programming. In the years after the cancellation of 106 & Park, would BET resume airing infomercials in early mornings and, in 2017, its Christian programming block changed its name to BET Rejoice. In addition, the channel broadcasts acquired television series, primarily in the form of sitcoms, drama series, feature films released theatrically and on home video are also aired on the channel, comprising much of its primetime and weekend schedule. The BET Walk of Fame Awards were established in 1995 by BET, the BET Awards were established in 2001 by the network to celebrate African Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports and other fields of entertainment over the past year. The awards are presented annually and broadcast live on BET, BET commissioned Artist/Sculptor and Hip-Hop culture icon Carlos Mare139 Rodriguez to design the Award sculpture. Global promotion is provided by Kroszover Entertainment, the BET Honors were established in 2008 by the network to honor the lives and achievements of African-American luminaries
20.
106 & Park
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106 & Park was an American hip hop and R&B music video show set up in a countdown format, that was broadcast Monday to Friday at 6/5c on BET. Since its inception, it had been the networks number-one rated show, on November 14,2014, BET cancelled 106 & Park. The show was produced in Harlem, New York City. Viacoms acquisition of BET prompted a change to the CBS Broadcast Center at 524 West 57th Street between 10th & 11th Avenues, in the Hells Kitchen section of Midtown Manhattan, around this time, Terrence J would be guest co-host the show with Julissa. And notable celebrities hosted the show as well, on July 6,2006, Rocsi, who was a radio host on Power 92.3 in Chicago in the afternoon, and Terrence Jenkins became the hosts after winning the BET New Faces Contest. On May 29,2012, Rocsi and Terrence J announced they would be leaving 106 & Park in 2012, thus beginning a nationwide search for the next hosts of 106 & Park, which has been active since June 1,2012 and ended on October 1,2012. Terrence J and Rocsis last episode as hosts was broadcast on September 28,2012, the announcement for the new hosts of 106 & Park was broadcast on Monday, October 1,2012. The highly anticipated farewell episode aired on September 28,2012 and was hosted by La La Anthony, in the taped video messages, several celebrities wish their farewell for Terrence J and Rocsi. They included Jim Jones, French Montana, Julissa Bermudez, Big Tigger,2 Chainz, Ace Hood, Alicia Keys, Amare Stoudemire, Big Sean, B. o. B, Bobby V. On October 1,2012, the new hosts for 106 & Park were announced, including Shad Bow Wow Moss, Jordan Shorty da Prince Johnson, Kimberly Paigion Walker and Mykel Miss Mykie Gray. For the first time in the shows 12-year history, there were officially four hosts for 106 & Park, on January 15,2013,106 & Park revealed a new set, graphics, logo, and theme song. On January 23,2013, the former hostess Rocsi Diaz made an appearance on the show. New segments included The Mykie Report, The Battle of the Sexes, Girl Chat, Inside the Rappers Studio, the hosts had not appeared on the show in nearly two months dating back to May 2013. On November 14,2014, BET cancelled 106 & Park, the series aired its final episode on December 19,2014. The show began for one hour and, until 2005, the show was broadcast late night at 2am/1am, immediately before BET After Dark, in 2001, it was extended to 90 minutes. In 2008, the show was extended to two hours, but still reverts to 90 minutes depending on BETs scheduling for that day, the show celebrated its 2, 000th episode on August 20,2008. From July 25,2011, to September 2,2011, the shows tenth anniversary special was on October 6,2010. The previous hosts A. J. Calloway & Free, Julissa & Big Tigger, Terrence J & Rocsi, The Search consisting of Miss Mykie, Paigion, & Shorty da Prince, Angela Simmons, Bow Wow & Keshia Chanté returned to the show to celebrate
21.
Twista
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Carl Terrell Mitchell, better known by his stage name Twista, is an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. His 2004 album Kamikaze reached the top of the US Billboard 200 album chart, carl Mitchell grew up in the K-Town area of the North Lawndale neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois and began rapping when he was 12. In 1992, Mitchell released his first album called Runnin Off at da Mouth under the name Tung Twista, in 1996 he teamed with Chicago producer The Legendary Traxster and Cwals Do or Die on the track Po Pimp produced by The Legendary Traxster, which became a hit single. This led to a Cwals label deal with Atlantic Records, which released Adrenaline Rush in 1997, Twista had by then dropped the Tung from his stage name. Adrenaline Rush became Twistas first charting album, as it peaked at #77 on the Billboard Hot 200, the album also spawned a Billboard Hot 100 hit in Get It Wet produced by The Legendary Traxster, which peaked at #96. In 1998 Twista teamed with other Chicago area rappers to form the Speedknot Mobstaz and they released their first album, Mobstability produced entirely by The Legendary Traxster, in 1998. Twista then formed his own Legit Ballin label, which released two albums, Legit Ballin in 1999 and Legit Ballin Vol.2, Street Scriptures in 2001. The label later released Respect The Game, Vol.3 in 2002 and Volume 4, in 2000, Twista collaborated with Ruff Ryders and Drag-On on the Ruff Ryders, Ryde or Die Vol.2 album, on the track Twisted Heat. Beginning in 2002, Twista began recording his album Kamikaze with rappers like Kanye West, Kamikaze came out in 2004 and debuted at the top spot of the American Billboard 200 album chart. Its first single Slow Jamz, featured West and Jamie Foxx, other singles included Overnight Celebrity and So Sexy, the album sold around two million copies. The remix of the song Jook Gal by Elephant Man featured Twista, the Kamikaze album and its singles gave Twista a new level of success and rose his profile significantly within the rap community. Twistas album The Day After was released in 2005 and it featured the hit singles Girl Tonite featuring Trey Songz, Hit the Floor featuring Pitbull, and So Lonely featuring Mariah Carey. His next album, Adrenaline Rush 2007 came out in 2007 and its singles were Give it Up featuring Pharrell and Creep Fast featuring T-Pain. This album sold poorly compared to Twistas earlier albums, Twista appeared on the single Hell No from Monicas album fall 2006 The Makings of Me. In 2008, Twista launched a new label called Get Money Gang Entertainment. In 2009, Twista appeared on the single Legendary with fellow Chicago rappers AK47 of Do or Die and Saurus, Twista released his eighth solo album entitled, The Perfect Storm on Nov 9,2010. The first single from the album, Make a Movie produced by The Legendary Traxster, two buzz singles were released, I Do produced by Traxster and Heat produced by fellow Chicago producers NO I. D. and The Legendary Traxster. The album features such as Waka Flocka Flame, Raekwon, Tia London, Diddy, Ray J
22.
Give It Up (Twista song)
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Give It Up is the first single from Twistas album Adrenaline Rush 2007. The edited version of the song is called Live It Up, the music video premiered on AOL Music and on BET. It was directed by Hype Williams and references the video for Kanye Wests Gold Digger, the song also has a reference to the Red Hot Chili Peppers song, Give It Away. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
23.
Gold Digger (Kanye West song)
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Gold Digger is a song recorded by American rapper Kanye West featuring guest vocals by Jamie Foxx. Co-produced with Jon Brion, the song contains samples of Ray Charles I Got a Woman. The single broke a record for the most digital downloads in a week, selling over 80,000 and it was 2005s second-longest running number one on the Billboard Hot 100 at ten weeks, behind We Belong Together by Mariah Carey. At the 2006 Grammy Awards, Gold Digger was nominated for Record of the Year, the song lists at number 60 on Billboard magazines All Time Top 100 and at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade. Gold Digger was voted number 20 on VH1s 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop, as of January 2011, the song has sold over 3,000,000 copies in the United States. Upon its release, many surmised that West conceived Gold Digger after watching Jamie Foxxs Oscar-winning portrayal of Ray Charles in the biographical film Ray, however, he had actually constructed the beat of the song long before the movie was even developed. However, for unknown, Shawnna passed on using the song. Not wanting to let it go to waste, West decided to keep the beat for himself and add lyrics expressed from a males point-of-view. The second verse of Gold Digger was the first to be written, as West used to rap the verse in early 2004 while on tour promoting his debut album, the first verse was made later in the year while West was on Ushers Evolution Tour. Lastly, the third verse was taken from an unreleased song called Drop Dead Gorgeous. The idea of employing Jamie Foxx specifically to sing an interpolation of Ray Charles I Got a Woman in place of its initial sample did in fact arise from West seeing Ray with his friend John Mayer. Foxxs vocals were recorded over many takes, in one version he sang from start to finish, after recording another version, Foxx decided to re-record it once more as he felt it contained too many explicit lyrics. Once the track was finally in place, it was layered with additional instruments provided by American film score composer Jon Brion, by the end of their very first studio session together, the pair had completed the basic tracks for the final version of Gold Digger. Despite being a singer, Foxxs part only appears in the intro. Gold Digger contains samples of I Got a Woman by Ray Charles, towards the end, the song employs vintage 1970s synthesizers which emit a honking sound in cadence to Kanyes voice. West delivers a tongue-in-cheek lyrical narrative within Gold Digger in which he depicts the disastrous life of a man married to a woman who manipulates him for financial gain. However, another story arises within the verse, which illustrates a once destitute black male who earns a fortune and decides to leave a loyal. The songs music video was directed by Hype Williams, who also directed Wests previous video, the titles of the magazines on whose covers the women appear reflect the correlating verses in the song
24.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
25.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
26.
Yahoo! Music
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Music, owned by Yahoo. is the provider of a variety of music services, including Internet radio, music videos, news, artist information, and original programming. Accounts can gain access to hundreds of thousands of songs sorted by artist, album, song, Yahoo Music began as LAUNCH, a website and magazine produced by LAUNCH Media which Yahoo acquired for US$12 million in 2001. LAUNCH was later rebranded as Yahoo Music, then simply Y, lAUNCHs LAUNCHcast Internet radio and music video offerings were integrated into Yahoos site along with artist profiles containing an extensive selection of music and biographical information. Yahoo Music was the number one online music site in terms of audience reach, as of June 2008, Yahoo Musics old website is inactive and redirecting to the new website at new. music. yahoo. co. Sometime in early 2013, Yahoo Music has deleted its entire database of artists, however, music videos continue to be accessible. As of late 2015, all of Yahoo, Musics previous URLs have been redirected to its new URL. Music Radio and LAUNCHcast Plus Internet radio Yahoo, Music Unlimited subscription streaming and download service In 2001, Yahoo purchased LAUNCH Media, makers of the LAUNCHcast Internet radio service. On September 14,2004, Yahoo purchased Musicmatch, Inc. makers of the Musicmatch Jukebox software, as of Musicmatch 10.1, Yahoo has rebranded Musicmatch Jukebox as Yahoo Music Musicmatch Jukebox, and integrated it with the Yahoo Music Engine store. The main difference is the branding and physical program, in 2008, Yahoo announced that Yahoo Music Unlimited will be merged into Rhapsody. This merge was completed with the shutdown of Yahoo Music Unlimited on September 30,2008, in 2011, Yahoo Music became the main CBS Radio player, with AOL Radio switching to Slacker Radio. Yahoo Music provides officially licensed lyrics, local stations are limited to affiliates within iHeartRadios platform. Customization is limited to favorite artist or song, however, it can be built using the Thumbs Up/Down rating tool. No play-on-demand, playback, rewind, or fast-forward, commercial interruptions every hour or half-hour on live stations. A maximum of six skips per hour per customized station, refreshing or reloading the player, as well as changing the station, will use a skip. Banner ads, which cannot be blocked, as of 2012, there is no premium service to remove skip limits or ads. Listeners are limited to Low/Medium audio quality, on pre-programmed stations, listeners are allowed 5 skips an hour. Overall, listeners are allowed so many songs per listening month, local stations are limited to affiliates of CBS Radio. No direct customization, although rating songs influences the songs played, songs cannot be banned entirely, although a one-star rating will have it played very rarely
27.
Yahoo! Inc.
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Yahoo Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 2,1995, Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early internet era in the 1990s. Marissa Mayer, a former Google executive, Google Employee number 20 and it is globally known for its Web portal, search engine Yahoo. Search, and related services, including Yahoo, answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports, and its social media website. It is one of the most popular sites in the United States, according to news sources, roughly 700 million people visit Yahoo websites every month. Yahoo itself claims it attracts more than half a billion consumers every month in more than 30 languages, in January 1994 Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University, when they created a website named Jerry and Davids guide to the World Wide Web. The site was a directory of websites, organized in a hierarchy. In March 1994, Jerry and Davids Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo, the yahoo. com domain was created on January 18,1995. The word yahoo is a backronym for Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle or Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle, the term hierarchical described how the Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories. However, Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the definition of a yahoo, rude, unsophisticated. This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of beings from Gullivers Travels. Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s, like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal. By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users and it also made many high-profile acquisitions. Its stock price skyrocketed during the bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118.75 a share on January 3,2000. However, after the bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26,2001. Yahoo began using Google for search in 2000, over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004. In response to Googles Gmail, Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007, the company struggled through 2008, with several large layoffs. In February 2008, Microsoft Corporation made a bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion
28.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
29.
Big Sean discography
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The discography of Big Sean, an American hip hop recording artist, consists of four studio albums, four mixtapes, twenty-five singles, eight promotional singles and thirty-nine music videos. In 2008, Big Sean was discovered by an American rapper and record producer Kanye West, since 2008, after signing a record deal to Wests label G. O. O. D. Music, Seans breakthrough career continued through his mixtapes such as Finally Famous Vol.2, UKNOWBIGSEAN and Finally Famous Vol.3, while hes been putting out these mixtapes, hes been collaborating through these artists tracks and/or singles from West, Royce da 59 and Chris Brown. On June 28,2011, Sean released his studio album, Finally Famous. The albums lead single, My Last peaked at number 30 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The albums second single, Marvin & Chardonnay peaked at number 32 on the Billboard Hot 100, additionally, it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The albums third single, Dance was released in a remixed form featuring rapper Nicki Minaj, the single peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, and became certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2012, he collaborated with artists on these multiple Hot 100 top 40 singles, including Mercy by West, My Homies Still by Lil Wayne, on February 24,2015, Big Sean released his best selling album, titled Dark Sky Paradise. The album received reviews and became his first studio album to top the Billboard 200. Since its release, six tracks from the album have charted on the Billboard Hot 100, the albums second single, Blessings was a certified double platinum. Official website Big Sean at AllMusic Big Sean discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs Big Sean discography at MusicBrainz
30.
Dance (Ass)
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Dance, often stylized Dance, is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, Finally Famous. It was added to radio formats on September 20,2011 as the albums third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj and was available for free download on her website. The song received positive reviews from music critics. The Boston Globe commented on the track by saying it is stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it, the production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean’s wit and insistent flow. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious, club gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. Ology commented on the song by calling it a minority in the album and complimented the flow-flip. Complex did not favor the track and called it repetitive and minimalist compared to most of the tracks on the album. The music video of the remix version premiered on VEVO on November 1,2011
31.
Cruel Summer (GOOD Music album)
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Cruel Summer is a compilation album by recording artists of American record label GOOD Music, released on September 14,2012, by the label and Def Jam Recordings. American rapper Kanye West, head of the label, first revealed plans for a collaborative album in October 2011. The album produced four singles—Mercy, Cold, New God Flow, production on the album was primarily handled by members of GOOD Musics production wing, Very GOOD Beats, including West, Hit-Boy, Hudson Mohawke, Travis Scott and Lifted, among others. Cruel Summer received moderately positive reviews critics, who found it uneven as an album but commended its hubristic style. It debuted at two on the US Billboard 200, selling 205,000 copies in its first week. The album also reached the top 10 of charts in Australia, Canada, Switzerland, as of November 4,2012, Cruel Summer has sold 389,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Kanye West founded the GOOD Music label in 2004, since the labels inception, multiple acts have been signed to the label, including close collaborators of West such as Kid Cudi, Common, John Legend, Pusha T, Big Sean and Travi$ Scott. West first announced plans for a GOOD Music album in October 2011 via his Twitter account, writing, later on May 23,2012, the title was revealed in part with a film, Cruel Summer, which debuted at the Cannes Film Festival. The album was slated for release on August 7,2012. Pusha T said that he recorded over 20 verses for the album, American rapper Azealia Banks also said that she recorded with West earlier in 2012, but her contributions were not included on the album. The albums artwork was designed by DONDA, Wests creative agency, mercy, a collaboration between Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T and 2 Chainz, was released as the albums lead single on April 3,2012. The track was premiered by Funkmaster Flexs Hot 97 radio show and was released onto the Internet the following day onto Wests official website. The release of the track continued Wests GOOD Fridays, a giveaway that provided free MP3 downloads every week. The song peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, Cold, featuring DJ Khaled, was released as the albums second single. The track was released as a single onto iTunes on April 17,2012. Following its digital release, the song impacted urban radio on May 8,2012. The single peaked at numbers 89 and 69 respectively on the Billboard Hot 100, New God Flow, a collaboration between Pusha T and Kanye West, was released onto iTunes as the albums third single on July 21,2012. It first premiered at the 2012 BET Awards on July 2,2012, the song peaked at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100
32.
Mercy (GOOD Music song)
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Mercy is a song by American hip hop GOOD Music rappers Kanye West, Big Sean and Pusha T along with their Def Jam label-mate, southern rapper 2 Chainz. The song, released April 3,2012, serves as the single from the compilation album Cruel Summer. The songs production was handled by Lifted, with production from West, Mike Dean and Mike Will Made It. The song heavily samples the dancehall song Dust a Sound Boy by Super Beagle, the song received mostly positive reviews from music critics who praised the bombastic production, the varying quality of the verses, and the wordplay of the individual rappers. The song was featured on the soundtrack for NBA 2K13, the song peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and hit number one on both the US Billboard Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. The song has since been certified quadruple Platinum for four million sales in the US as of August 2016. A music video directed by Australian director Nabil Elderkin was released on June 6,2012, the video features the rappers giving their verses and dancing around, with deliberate editing to make it appear as if they are disappearing and reappearing behind walls. The video received positive reviews from critics, West performed his portion of the song at the 2012 Watch the Throne Tour, and 2 Chainz, Pusha and Big Sean performed the track during Seans setlist at the 2012 Summer Jam festival. The song was performed by all four artists at the 2012 BET Awards, with West substituting his verse from Mercy with his verses from Cold, complex Magazine named the song the best song of 2012. The song received two nominations for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance at the 55th Grammy Awards which were held in February 2013. The song was supposed to be released on Good Friday. The track was premiered by Funkmaster Flexs Hot 97 radio show and was released onto the Internet the following day onto Wests official website, the song serves as the first official single from Cruel Summer, an album by Wests record label GOOD Music. The release of the track continued Wests GOOD Fridays, a giveaway that provided free MP3 downloads every week. The song features Big Sean and Pusha T, rappers both signed to Wests GOOD Music, along with 2 Chainz, all delivering a verse each along with West, thats a good look to add to the résumé, for real. According to 2 Chainz, he had no idea that the song was going to be a single, the song was produced by Lifted, with additional production from West, Mike Dean, Mike Will Made It, and Anthony Kilhofer. Lifted had produced the beat in November 2011, and his manager was responsible for playing the beat to West which led to him wanting to work with Lifted. Furthermore, Kanye played the version to Anthony The Twilite Tone Khan and additional production was done including but not limited to samples. Both Pusha T and Big Sean recorded their verses in January 2012, producer Hit-Boy, known for producing Wests Niggas in Paris, commented that Its fresh, its new, its something you havent heard before
33.
Clique (song)
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Clique is a song by American rappers Kanye West, Jay-Z, and Big Sean. The song serves as the single from the album Cruel Summer. The songs production was handled by Hit-Boy and West, Clique was released as a single to the iTunes Store on September 7,2012. Additional vocals on the song are provided by American R&B singer James Fauntleroy II, West debuted the song on his website on September 6,2012. The same day, DJ Funkmaster Flex gave the song a radio premiere on his Hot 97 radio show. It was released as a download to the iTunes Store the following day. The song was produced by Hit-Boy, who was signed to Wests label GOOD Music, the song contains vocal samples of American funk musician James Browns 1974 song Funky President. Big Sean said in an interview with Tim Westwood that originally, in the end all the other rappers were cut except Sean, Kanye West and Jay-Z. Jay-Zs guest verse was named the fifth best of 2012 by Complex magazine, on November 14,2012 a remix was released featuring rapper T. I. Complex magazine named the song #15 on their list of the 50 best songs of 2012, the track was ranked at #96 on the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2012. Digital download Clique –4,54 The credits for Clique are adapted from the single release. Songwriting – Kanye West, Chauncey Hollis, Sean Anderson, Shawn Carter, James Fauntleroy, Alexander Izquierdo Production – Hit-Boy, Kanye West
34.
Hall of Fame (Big Sean album)
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Hall of Fame is the second studio album by American rapper Big Sean. It was released on August 27,2013, by GOOD Music, recording sessions took place from 2011 to 2013, at the variety of the recording studios, primarily in Los Angeles, California. The album features guest appearances from Nas,2 Chainz, Nicki Minaj and Jeezy, Key Wane, Da Internz, Mano, Young Chop and Hey DJ among others. The album was supported by six singles, Guap, Switch Up, Beware, Fire, Ashley, Hall of Fame received generally positive reviews from critics. The album debuted at three on the Billboard 200, selling 72,000 copies in its first week. As of February 2015, the album has sold 155,000 copies in the United States. On September 27,2012, Big Sean announced his second album with the title Hall of Fame, Memoirs of a Detroit Player. Sean explains why chose this to be the title, stating that its because itll represent who he is and he then said that he feels like situations are really going to be relatable to people. He then stated that he didnt want to just do another club song and this is just what the fuck I want to do. Some people are going to like it, some people are going to hate it, regardless, Im just doing me. Sean then said that Hall of Fame will be a far more inspirational and he even went on by saying the fact that he wants to teach, while making his lasting impact on peoples lives with this second album. During an interview with Power 105, Sean stated that he would include some skits on the album to give it a classic feel. He even indicated that the song Mula featuring French Montana, could be featuring as the track for his deluxe edition. D. and J. Cole, the single Clique from GOOD Musics album Cruel Summer, which was rumored to be featured on Hall of Fame. Starting off the year, the album was included on multiple Most Anticipated Albums of 2013 lists, including those by MTV, XXL, who ranked it fourth and Complex ranked it eleventh. During the recording sessions on the album, Sean revealed Kanye West, Nas, Tyga, Common and Jhené Aiko were going to be appearing as featured artists, while West, Key Wane, Hit-Boy and Young Chop will provide production on the album. He then announced the final guest appearances from Miguel, Kid Cudi, on March 12,2013, along with revealing a slew of songs on the album, Big Sean stated that there will be songs featuring Lil Wayne, Juicy J and 2 Chainz on the album. He also revealed that he worked with DJ Camper, DJ Mano, Da Internz and Rio on the album, on April 26,2013, Sean then finally had some studio session with Eminem, which included Royce da 59 and Mr. Porter. However, he explained Eminem was too busy working on his album to get on Hall of Fame, in July 2013, Sean revealed Ellie Goulding would be featured on the album
35.
Guap
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Guap is a song by American hip hop recording artist Big Sean, released on October 26,2012, as the lead single from his second studio album Hall of Fame. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Key Wane and Young Chop with additional production from Darhyl Hey DJ Camper Jr. and Rob Kinelski. In addition to releasing the single, Big Sean also announced that his album would be released on December 18,2012. The song features ad-libs from Kanye West and its producer Key Wane and it has peaked at number 21 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The songs creation began in March or April 2012, keY Wane says that Big Sean flew him out to Los Angeles, they went to the studio and were working on the Detroit mixtape and the album. Big Sean was quoted as saying, Man I recorded these records on my phone about this really good song that I have an idea for. Then he texted Wane the reference, Wane listened to it and was quoted as saying, the word guap has its origins as a slang for money. Big Sean described the song as something that strikes a chord in people. He also said, Everybody is about to go crazy, this is one of good feelings. The music video was shot in Detroit on November 18,2012, Big Sean shut down Woodward Ave. and most of downtown to film the video. The video was released on December 16,2012
36.
Switch Up
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Switch Up is a song by American hip hop recording artist Big Sean. It was released on April 6,2013, as the single from his second studio album Hall of Fame. The song, produced by No I. D. and Rob Kinelski, the song had little success, peaking at number 50 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The second single, Switch Up, was announced along with its artwork by Big Sean on April 5,2013 via Twitter, the single features fellow rapper Common, while the production was handled by No I. D. The song was released for digital download the following day. Big Sean made a statement saying how the song is for the fans of real rap, in an interview he made, When I put it out, I did it for the believers and the people thats been rocking with me, fans of just real rap. Switch Up came to controversy after fans were asking Big Sean on Twitter if the song was a diss to Kid Cudi, Kid Cudi left the GOOD Music label just four days before Big Sean released Switch Up. Made fans think that Big Sean was angry towards Kid Cudis departure from GOOD Music, Big Sean clarified the controversy with an interview with MTV News. Big Sean said in the interview that he was friends with Kid Cudi as he stated Motherfucker thats the dumbest shit somebody could ever say. When I lost my Jesus piece Cudi gave me his Jesus piece, digital single Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
37.
Beware (Big Sean song)
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Beware is a song by American hip hop recording artist Big Sean taken from his second studio album Hall of Fame. Beware was released on June 25,2013, as the third single, through GOOD. Musically Beware is a hip hop song, backed by poppy and head-bobbing production, with lyrics that revolve around themes of infidelty, upon release Beware was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised the songs musical direction and the inclusion of Jhene Aiko. An accompanying music video was directed by Matthew Williams and premiered on August 16,2013, on Vevo, to further promote the song Sean performed at live on various inclusion including Jimmy Kimmel Live and the Hustle After Party. Beware was officially premiered through SoundCloud on June 24,2013, the track was released for digital download on June 25,2013, as the albums third single, through GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings. The lyrics depict relationship tensions between a male and female, the themes of infidelty and breaking up are steered away from in Hall of Fame, making it the only piece on the album to focus on relationships. Both Key Wane and Mike Dean produced the beat which helps utillize the pieces tone, the beat was described as poppy and head-bobbing by James Shotwell, writer for Spin Medias Under the Gun Review. He also said that it well with the three vocalists. Beware contains an interpolation of Aint No Woman written by Dennis Lambert, upon release Beware was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. The music video was directed by Matthew Williams from Kanye West creative company DONDA and premiered on August 16,2013, the described trippy music video was named one of The 15 Best Hip-Hop Videos Of The Summer by XXL. It took a while to get done, but the end result is good, it’s cool to put out great videos that I can really be proud of. ”
