A Marx generator is an electrical circuit first described by Erwin Otto Marx in 1924. Its purpose is to generate a high-voltage pulse from a low-voltage DC supply. Marx generators are used in high-energy physics experiments, as well as to simulate the effects of lightning on power-line gear and aviation equipment. A bank of 36 Marx generators is used by Sandia National Laboratories to generate X-rays in their Z Machine.
A small demonstration Marx generator (tower on the right). It is a ten stage generator. The main discharge is on the left. The nine smaller sparks that can be seen in the image are the spark gaps that connect the charged capacitors in series.
Marx generator used for testing high-voltage power-transmission components at TU Dresden, Germany
600 kV 10-stage Marx generator in operation
800 kV Marx generator in laboratory at the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur India.
The Cockcroft–Walton (CW) generator, or multiplier, is an electric circuit that generates a high DC voltage from a low-voltage AC or pulsing DC input. It was named after the British and Irish physicists John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing the first artificial nuclear disintegration in history. They used this voltage multiplier cascade for most of their research, which in 1951 won them the Nobel Prize in Physics for "Transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles".
750 kV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator used as the initial particle injector of the Japanese KEK accelerator, Tsukuba, Japan. The CW generator is on the right, the particle source is on the left.
1.2 MV 6-stage Cockcroft–Walton accelerator at Clarendon Lab, Oxford University in 1948
3-stage semiconductor diode cascade multiplier (green) in anode supply of a cathode-ray tube television set