1.
Brunswick, Georgia
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Brunswick /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/ is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County, Georgia, United States. As the major urban and economic center of the lower southeast, it is the second-largest urban area on the Georgia coast after Savannah. British colonists settled the peninsula in 1738 as a buffer to Spanish Florida and it came under provincial control in 1771 and was founded as Brunswick after the German duchy of Brunswick–Lüneburg, the ancestral home of the House of Hanover. It was incorporated as a city in 1856. S, Brunswick supports a progressive economy largely based on tourism and logistics, with a metropolitan GDP of $3.9 billion. The Port of Brunswick handles approximately 10 percent of all U. S. roll-on/roll-off trade—third in the U. S. behind the ports of Los Angeles and Newark. In the 2010 U. S. census, the population of the city proper was 15,383, the area,51,024. Brunswick is located on a harbor of the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 40 mi north of Florida and 80 mi south of South Carolina, Brunswick is bordered on the west by Oglethorpe Bay, the East River, and the Turtle River. It is bordered on the south by the Brunswick River and on the east by the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the Mackay River, the Mocama, a Timucua-speaking people, originally occupied the lands in what is now Brunswick. The Spanish established missions in Timucuan villages beginning in 1568, during this time, much of the Native American population was depleted through enslavement and disease. Three years after the Province of Georgia was founded in 1733, James Oglethorpe had the town of Frederica built on St. Simons Island, marys River and south of the Savannah River were designated as Georgia. The areas first European settler, Mark Carr, arrived in 1738, Carr, a Scotsman, was a captain in Oglethorpes Marine Boat Company. Upon landing, he established his 1, 000-acre tobacco plantation, the Province of Georgia purchased Carrs fields in 1771 and laid out the town of Brunswick in the grid plan akin to that of Savannah, with large, public squares at given intervals. The town was named for the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Germany, the home of George III. Brunswick was a tract of land consisting of 383.5 acres. The first lot was granted on June 30,1772,179 lots were granted in the first three years, from 1783 to 1788 a number of these lots were regranted and there collected in Brunswick a few families who desired proper education for their children. By the act of the General Assembly on February 1,1788, eight town commissioners were appointed and Glynn Academy was chartered, Brunswick was recognized as an official port of entry in 1789 by an act of the United States Congress. In 1797 the General Assembly transferred the seat of Glynn County from Frederica to Brunswick, at the end of the eighteenth century, a large tract of land surrounding Brunswick on three sides had been laid off and designated as Commons. Commissioners were named in 1796 to support these efforts, the General Assembly authorized them to sell 500 acres of Commons, one-half of the proceeds to go to the construction of the courthouse and jail and one-half to the support of the academy
2.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
3.
Novelist
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A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, Novelists come from a variety of backgrounds and social classes, and frequently this shapes the content of their works. Similarly, some novelists have creative identities derived from their focus on different genres of fiction, such as crime, while many novelists compose fiction to satisfy personal desires, novelists and commentators often ascribe a particular social responsibility or role to novel writers. Many authors use such moral imperatives to justify different approaches to writing, including activism or different approaches to representing reality truthfully. Novelist is a derivative from the term novel describing the writer of novels. However, the OED attributes the primary meaning of a writer of novels as first appearing in the 1633 book East-India Colation by C. The difference between professional and amateur novelists often is the ability to publish. Many people take up writing as a hobby, but the difficulties of completing large scale fictional works of quality prevent the completion of novels. Once authors have completed a novel, they often try to get it published. The publishing industry requires novels to have accessible profitable markets, thus many novelists will self-publish to circumvent the editorial control of publishers, self-publishing has long been an option for writers, with vanity presses printing bound books for a fee paid by the writer. The rise of the Internet and electronic books has made self publishing far less expensive, Novelists apply a number of different methods to writing their novels, relying on a variety of approaches to inspire creativity. Some communities actively encourage amateurs to practice writing novels to develop these unique practices, for example, the internet-based group, National Novel Writing Month, encourages people to write 50, 000-word novels in the month of November, to give novelists practice completing such works. In the 2010 event, over 200,000 people took part – writing a total of over 2.8 billion words, Novelists dont usually publish their first novels until later in life. However, many novelists begin writing at a young age, for example, Iain Banks began writing at eleven, and at sixteen completed his first novel, The Hungarian Lift-Jet, about international arms dealers, in pencil in a larger-than-foolscap log book. However, he was thirty before he published his first novel, the success of this novel enabled Banks to become a full-time novelist. Occasionally, novelists publish as early as their teens, for example, Patrick OBrian published his first novel, Caesar, The Life Story of a Panda-Leopard, at the age of 15, which brought him considerable critical attention. Occasionally, these works will achieve popular success as well, for example, though Christopher Paolinis Eragon, was not a great critical success, but its popularity among readers placed it on the New York Times Childrens Books Best Seller list for 121 weeks. First-time novelists of any age often find themselves unable to get published, because of a number of reasons reflecting the inexperience of the author
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Writer
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A writer is a person who uses written words in various styles and techniques to communicate their ideas. Writers texts are published across a range of media, skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The word is used elsewhere in the arts – such as songwriter – but as a standalone term. Some writers work from an oral tradition, Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media – for example, graphics or illustration – to enhance the communication of their ideas, some writers may use images or multimedia to augment their writing. In rare instances, creative writers are able to communicate their ideas via music as well as words, as well as producing their own written works, writers often write on how they write, why they write, and also comment on the work of other writers. Writers work professionally or non-professionally, that is, for payment or without payment and may be either in advance. Payment is only one of the motivations of writers and many are never paid for their work, Writers choose from a range of literary genres to express their ideas. Most writing can be adapted for use in another medium, for example, a writers work may be read privately or recited or performed in a play or film. Satire for example, may be written as a poem, an essay, a film, the writer of a letter may include elements of criticism, biography, or journalism. The genre sets the parameters but all kinds of creative adaptation have been attempted, novel to film, poem to play, Writers may begin their career in one genre and change to another. For example, historian William Dalrymple began in the genre of travel literature, many writers have produced both fiction and non-fiction works and others write in a genre that crosses the two. For example, writers of romances, such as Georgette Heyer, invent characters. In this genre, the accuracy of the history and the level of detail in the work both tend to be debated. Some writers write both fiction and serious analysis, sometimes using different names to separate their work. Dorothy Sayers, for example, wrote crime fiction but was also a playwright, essayist, translator, poets make maximum use of the language to achieve an emotional and sensory effect as well as a cognitive one. To create these effects, they use rhyme and rhythm and they also exploit the properties of words with a range of techniques such as alliteration. A common theme is love and its vicissitudes, Shakespeares famous love story Romeo and Juliet, for example, written in a variety of poetic forms, has been performed in innumerable theatres and made into at least eight cinematic versions
5.
Southern United States literature
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Southern literature is defined as American literature about the Southern United States or by writers from this region. Pre-Civil War definitions of the South often included Missouri, Maryland, the Souths troubled history with racial issues also continually appears in its literature. Despite these common themes, there is debate as to what makes writers, for example, Mark Twain, a Missourian, defined the characteristics that many people associate with Southern writing in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In addition, many famous Southern writers headed to the Northern U. S. as soon as they were old enough to make it on their own, so while geography is a factor, the geographical birth of the author is not the defining factor in Southern writing. During the 17th and 18th centuries, English colonists in the Southern part of the American colonies produced a number of notable works, both sets of recollections are critical documents in early Southern history. During this antebellum period, South Carolina, and particularly the city of Charleston, rivaled, Simms was a particularly significant figure, perhaps the most prominent Southern author before the American Civil War. His novels of life and the American revolution celebrated the history of South Carolina. Like James Fenimore Cooper, Simms was strongly influenced by Walter Scott, in The Yemassee, The Kinsmen, and the anti-Uncle Toms Cabin novel The Sword and the Distaff, Simms presented idealized portraits of slavery and Southern life. While popular and well regarded in South Carolina—and highly praised by critics as Edgar Allan Poe—Simms never gained a large national audience. In Virginia, George Tucker produced in 1824 the first fiction of Virginia colonial life with The Valley of Shenandoah, Tucker was the first Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Virginia. In 1836 Tucker published the first comprehensive biography of Thomas Jefferson - The Life of Thomas Jefferson, Some critics also regard Poe as a Southern author—he was raised in Richmond, attended the University of Virginia, and edited the Southern Literary Messenger from 1835 to 1837. Yet in his poetry and fiction Poe rarely took up distinctively Southern themes or subjects, not all noteworthy Southern authors during this period were white. Frederick Douglasss Narrative is perhaps the most famous account of black slavery in the antebellum South. Harriet Jacobs, meanwhile, recounted her experiences in bondage in North Carolina in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and another Southern-born ex-slave, William Wells Brown, wrote Clotel, or, The Presidents Daughter—widely believed to be the first novel ever published by an African-American. The book depicts the life of its character, a daughter of Thomas Jefferson and his black mistress. In the second half of the 19th century, the South lost the Civil War, in place of the anti-Tom literature came poetry and novels about the Lost Cause of the Confederacy. This nostalgic literature began to appear almost immediately after the war ended and these writers idealized the defeated South and its lost culture. Prominent writers with this point of view included poets Henry Timrod, lucas, and Abram Joseph Ryan and fiction writer Thomas Nelson Page
6.
Cherokee County, Georgia
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Cherokee County is a county located in the US state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 214,346, the county Board of Commissioners is the governing body, with members elected to office. The county is under the jurisdiction of the Cherokee County Sheriffs Office, the Cherokee County Sheriffs office is accredited by CALEA. The major cities within the county have individual police departments, such as Woodstock, Canton, Holly Springs, Cherokee County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Originally, Cherokee County was more like a territory than a county, covering everything northwest of the Chattahoochee River and this county was created December 26,1831 by the state legislature. It was named after the Cherokee Indians who lived in the area at that time, several other counties were carved out of these Cherokee lands as part of the Cherokee Land Lottery of 1832. An act of the Georgia General Assembly passed on December 3 of that created the counties of Forsyth, Lumpkin, Union, Cobb, Gilmer, Murray, Cass, Floyd. The forcible removal of the Cherokee people, leading up to the notorious Trail of Tears to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, the push by European Americans to expel the Cherokee was accelerated by the discovery of gold in local streams. County courts were authorized to meet at the home of Ambrose Harnage, the settlement soon became known as Harnageville, later called Marble Works, and even later Tate, when Cherokee County was first established. Since 1880 that town has been called Tate, and it is now in Pickens County, part of that county was taken directly from Cherokee, the other via Gilmer County. Etowah was named the first county seat in 1833 and its name was later changed to Canton. In 1857, part of the corner of the county was ceded by the General Assembly to form Milton County. In the 1890s, The Atlanta & Knoxville Railroad built a line up through the middle of the county. When this line was bought by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad the following decade, since the late 20th century, Cherokee County has been part of the Atlanta metro area. Interstate 575 is undergoing significant widening to accommodate growth in Cherokee County population, the Georgia Northeastern Railroad operates freight service on the former L&N tracks, roughly parallel to this route. Population growth has followed the general pattern as well, with new suburbs in the south following the highway toward exurbs further north. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 434 square miles. Much of the water is in Lake Allatoona in the southwest, the lake is fed by the Etowah and Little rivers, and other large streams such as Noonday Creek
7.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
8.
United Service Organizations
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The United Service Organizations Inc. is a nonprofit organization that provides programs, services and live entertainment to United States service members and their families. Since 1941, it has worked in partnership with the Department of Defense, relying heavily on contributions and on funds, goods. Although it is congressionally-chartered, it is not a government agency, the USO operates 160 centers worldwide. During World War II, the USO became the GIs home away from home and began a tradition of entertaining the troops that continues today. Involvement in the USO was one of the ways in which the nation had come together to support the war effort. After it was disbanded in 1947, it was revived in 1950 for the Korean War, during the Vietnam War, USOs were sometimes located in combat zones. The organization became famous for its live performances, called Camp Shows. Hollywood in general was eager to show its patriotism, and many celebrities joined the ranks of USO entertainers. They entertained in military bases at home and overseas, sometimes placing their own lives in danger, the USO has over 160 locations around the world in 14 countries and 27 states. Its motto is Until everyone comes home, the USO was founded in 1941 by Mary Ingraham in response to a request from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide morale and recreation services to U. S. uniformed military personnel. Roosevelt was elected as its honorary chairman and they were brought together under one umbrella to support U. S. troops. Roosevelt said he wanted these private organizations to handle the on-leave recreation of the men in the armed forces. According to historian Emily Yellin, The government was to build the buildings, the first national campaign chairman was Thomas Dewey, who raised $16 million in the first year. The second chairman was future senator Prescott Bush, the USO was incorporated in New York on February 4, with the first facility erected in DeRidder, Louisiana,1941. More USO centers and clubs opened around the world as a “Home Away from Home” for GIs. The USO club was a place to go for dances and social events, for movies and music, for a place to talk or write a letter home, or for a free cup of coffee. The USO also brought Hollywood celebrities and volunteer entertainers to perform for the troops, according to movie historian Steven Cohan, most of all. In taking home on the road, it equated the nation with showbiz, USO camp shows were designed in their export to remind soldiers of home
9.
White, Georgia
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White is a city in Bartow County, Georgia, United States. The population was 670 at the 2010 census, White is a stepping stone from rural areas of northwest Georgia to areas just south of White that are considered urban or urbanizing. White is located along U. S. Highway 411,3 miles north of Interstate 75 and it is a bedroom community of Cartersville which is located 9 miles to the south, but they are connected by a chain of homes and retail shops. A post office called White has been in operation since 1890, james Alexander White, the first postmaster, gave the city its name. In March 2016, the police chief, as well as its only full-time officer, were arrested on false imprisonment charges. The arrests left the city with no police department, White is located at 34°16′50″N 84°44′48″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 0.97 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 693 people,258 households, the population density was 764.8 people per square mile. There were 274 housing units at a density of 302.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 81% White,2. 89% African American,0. 29% Native American,0. 14% Asian,0. 87% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 60% of the population. 20. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was out with 31. 0% under the age of 18,8. 9% from 18 to 24,28. 7% from 25 to 44,19. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $31,458, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had an income of $30,500 versus $22,404 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,665, about 13. 8% of families and 15. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 3% of those under age 18 and 17. 4% of those age 65 or over
10.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
11.
Douglas County, Georgia
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Douglas County is a county located in the north central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 132,403, Douglas County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It has attracted new residents as jobs have increased in the Atlanta area, herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia, for Vice President. Among the first County Officers were, sheriff T. H, sellman, Clerk of Superior Court A. L. Gorman, Ordinary Wm. Hindman, Tax Receiver Jno. M. James, Tax Collector M. D. Watkins, the county was created from the part of Campbell county which was northwest of the Chattahoochee River. The remainder of Campbell became southwest Fulton at the beginning of 1932, the Oct.17,1870 act creating Douglas County provided that in November 1870, voters of the new county would elect county officers, and vote to select the site of the county seat. The courthouse commissioners chose this site as county seat and proceeded to sell lots and it later changed its name to Douglasville. A group of citizens filed suit against the commissioners, the case ultimately went to the Supreme Court of Georgia, which ruled against the commissioners. Both sides agreed to further action until the route of the Georgia Western Railroad through Douglas County was determined. The General Assembly enacted legislation on Feb.28,1874,7,1874, to determine the location of the county seat—but with the provision that the site be located on the Georgia Western Railroad. In the election, voters confirmed Douglasville as the county seat, on Feb.25,1875, the General Assembly incorporated Douglasville. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 201 square miles. Andy Mountain, between Villa Rica and Winston – west of Douglasville along Bankhead Highway, has the highest elevation in Douglas County. Two other elevated summits are located in the county, known as Cedar Mountain at 1,257 feet ), and Pine Mountain at 1,180 feet. Douglas County sits in Georgias Piedmont region, which makes its elevation due to many rolling hills that Douglas County sits on near the tail end of the Appalachian Mountains. There are no mountain peaks in Douglas County, just a range of ridges, hills. The entirety of Douglas County is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Lake Harding sub-basin of the ACF River Basin, the Chattahoochee River borders the county to the east and southeast. Sweetwater Creek runs in the side of the county in the Lithia Springs area
12.
Sylvester, Georgia
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Sylvester is the county seat of Worth County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,990 at the 2000 census, the city is the county seat and business center of Worth County and is claimed to be the Peanut Capital of the World due to its peanut production. Sylvester started as a beautiful nowhere in 1893 and was first called Isabella Station, when the Brunswick and Albany Railroad came through southwest Georgia, the county seat was Isabella, which is located three miles north of the railroad. Slowly, however, the center of trade and commerce shifted south along the railroad, two other towns, Poulan and Sumner, sprang up along the railroad in Worth County, but it was Isabella Station that grew and prospered the fastest. In 1894, the citizens voted to change the name to Sylvester, in 1898, Sylvester voted to incorporate and on December 21 of that year the Georgia Legislature agreed to incorporate it as a city. There have been four courthouses since Worth County was created in 1853, the first was a two-story frame structure on the public square in Isabella, which was then Worths county seat. This building burned down in 1879, and a schoolhouse was used as a courthouse until a new one could be built in 1893 —. A new courthouse was constructed the year, but in 1904 the legislature changed the county seat from Isabella to Sylvester. The next year, a new courthouse was built on Sylvesters public square, in January 1982, the new Worth County courthouse also suffered major fire damage due at the hands of arsonist Max Hufstetler. Hufstetler had been arrested in Worth County for a string of home and he decided that if he burned down the Worth County Courthouse, then the evidence that had been seized during his arrest could not be used against him in court. On January 27,1982, he committed arson and the Worth County Courthouse was destroyed, Hufstetler was later convicted of arson in the first degree and his conviction was upheld in 1984 on appeal. The courthouse was repaired and the still sits on the square in Sylvester. Sylvester is located at 31°31′53″N 83°50′10″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.7 square miles, of which,5.7 square miles of it is land and 0.04 square miles of it is water. Sylvester is located on U. S. Highway 82 at the junction of Georgia State Route 33, as of the census of 2000, there were 5,990 people,2,151 households, and 1,537 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,049.1 people per square mile, there were 2,378 housing units at an average density of 416.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 39. 15% White,59. 97% African American,0. 10% Native American,0. 12% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 37% from other races, and 0. 28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 90% of the population,24. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the family size was 3.27
13.
Clayton County, Georgia
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Clayton County is a county located in the north central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 259,424, Clayton County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the home of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the county was established in 1858 and named in honor of Augustin Smith Clayton, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1832 until 1835. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 144 square miles. It is the third-smallest county by area in Georgia, the eastern portion of Clayton County, between Forest Park and Lovejoy, is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The western portion of the county is located in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin, deKalb County Henry County Spalding County Fayette County Fulton County As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 259,424 people residing in the county. 66. 1% were Black or African American,18. 9% White,5. 0% Asian,0. 4% Native American,0. 1% Pacific Islander,7. 1% from some other race and 2. 5% from two or more races. As of the 2000 census, there were 236,517 people,82,243 households, the population density was 1,658 people per square mile. There were 86,461 housing units at a density of 606 per square mile. 7. 50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the family size was 3.30. In the county, the population was out with 30. 00% under the age of 18,10. 40% from 18 to 24,35. 40% from 25 to 44,18. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $42,697, and the median income for a family was $46,782. Males had an income of $32,118 versus $26,926 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,079, about 8. 20% of families and 10. 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 20% of those under age 18 and 8. 90% of those age 65 or over. The last quarter-century has seen significant change in the composition of the countys population. In 1980, Clayton countys population was 150,357 — 91% white and 9% minority, while in 2006 the population was approximately 271,240 — 20% white and 80% minority
14.
Georgia State University
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Georgia State University is a public research university in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1913, it is one of the University System of Georgias four research universities, Georgia State University offers more than 250 undergraduate and graduate degree programs spread across eight academic colleges with around 3,500 faculty members. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, approximately 27% of the student population is considered part-time while 73% of the population is considered full-time. The university is one of only four Georgia universities classified as a Research University/Very High Activity, the university has a full-time faculty count of 1,142, with 69 percent of those faculty members either tenured or on tenure track. GSU has two libraries, University library and Law library, which hold over 4.3 million volumes combined, the university has an economic impact on the Atlanta economy of more than $1.4 billion annually. Initially intended as a school, Georgia State University was established in 1913 as the Georgia School of Technologys Evening School of Commerce. During this time, the school was divided into two divisions, Georgia Evening College, and Atlanta Junior College, in September 1947, the school became affiliated with the University of Georgia and was named the Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia. The school was removed from the University of Georgia in 1955. In 1961, other programs at the school had grown enough that the name was shortened to Georgia State College. It became Georgia State University in 1969, in 1995, the Georgia Board of Regents accorded Georgia State research university status, joining the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Georgia, and Augusta University. The first African-American student enrolled at Georgia State in 1962, a year after the integration of the University of Georgia and Georgia Tech. Annette Lucille Hall was a Lithonia social studies teacher who enrolled in the course of the Institute on Americanism and Communism, a course required for all Georgia social studies teachers. The Peachtree Road Race, was started in 1970 by Georgia State cross country coach and dean of men Tim Singleton, the second year, he created the first valuable collectible T-shirt. Over its 100-plus year history, Georgia States growth has required the acquisition and construction of space to suit its needs. In addition, a plaza and walkway system was constructed to connect these buildings with each other over Decatur Street. Georgia States first move into the Fairlie-Poplar district was the acquisition and renovation of the Standard Building, the Haas-Howell Building, and the Rialto Theater in 1996. The Standard and Haas-Howell buildings house classrooms, offices, and practice spaces for the School of Music, and the Rialto is home to GSUs Jazz Studies program and an 833-seat theater. In 1998, the Student Center was expanded toward Gilmer Street and provided a new 400-seat auditorium and space for exhibitions, a new Student Recreation Center opened on the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street in 2001
15.
Douglasville, Georgia
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The city of Douglasville is the county seat of Douglas County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 30,961, in 2015 the city elected Rochelle Robinson as its first African American and first woman mayor. She has had years of service on the City Council. Douglasville is located approximately 20 miles west of Atlanta and is part of the Atlanta Metro Area, Highway access can be obtained via three interchanges along Interstate 20. Located along a natural rise in the topography, Douglasville was originally known as Skint Chestnut, the name was derived from a large tree used by Native Americans as a landmark, it was stripped of its bark so as to be more conspicuous. Douglasville was founded in 1874 as the railroad was constructed in the area and that same year, Douglasville was designated as the county seat of the recently formed Douglas County. The community was named for Senator Stephen A. Douglas, the town was originally named for Frederick Douglass during Reconstruction and this naming was undone by former Confederate leaders once Reconstruction was abandoned by the country. An election was held on the first Saturday in March 1875, and a mayor, treasurer, records, in 1916, the Reverend Atkinson of Douglasville was a key figure in the Arc Light Controversy in Atlanta. On September 21,2009, Douglas County was devastated by the worst flood in Georgia history, over 18 inches of rain fell in one night, destroying many roads and homes. The county was declared a disaster area, and the governor of Georgia declared a state of emergency. The flooding most affected the areas of Douglasville, Villa Rica, Austell, Lithia Springs, the disaster killed more than eight people in the county, most of them in the Douglasville area. Douglasville is located in north-central Douglas County at 33°44′59″N 84°43′23″W, Lithia Springs is 6 miles to the northeast along U. S. Route 78, and Villa Rica is 10 miles to the west. Hiram is 9 miles to the north via SR92, Downtown Atlanta is 22 miles to the east via Interstate 20. According to the United States Census Bureau, Douglasville has an area of 22.6 square miles, of which 22.5 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles. Douglasville has an elevation of 1,209 ft above sea level, as of the census of 2010, there were 30,961 people,11,627 households, and 7,692 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,376 people per square mile, there were 13,163 housing units at an average density of 585.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 55. 9% African American,36. 0% White,0. 2% Native American,1. 8% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,3. 3% from other races, and 2. 8% from two or more races. 7. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,28. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
16.
Woodstock, Georgia
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Woodstock is a city in Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. The population was 23,896 at the 2010 census, originally a stop on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Woodstock is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. In 2007 it was the tenth fastest-growing suburb in the United States, Woodstock is located in southern Cherokee County at 34°6′5″N 84°31′10″W. Interstate 575 passes through the side of the city, with access from exits 7,8. Downtown Atlanta is 30 miles to the south, and Canton, the Cherokee County seat, is 11 miles north. According to the United States Census Bureau, Woodstock has an area of 11.3 square miles, of which 11.2 square miles is land and 0.12 square miles. The population density was 2,715.4 people per square mile, there were 10,298 housing units at an average density of 1170.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79. 3% White,10. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,4. 5% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,2. 7% from other races, and 3. 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9. 7% of the population,29. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the family size was 3.12. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 26. 5% under the age of 18,6. 8% from 18 to 24,37. 4% from 25 to 44,20. 8% from 45 to 64, the median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 88.4 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males. In 2000, the income for a household in the city was $58,506. Males had an income of $48,054 versus $32,798 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,586, about 2. 2% of families and 4. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5. 0% of those under age 18 and 8. 6% of those age 65 or over. Although the first settlers called their new home Woodstock, the community did not become a city until 1897. Postal service records show that a postmaster was in Woodstock beginning in 1833, historic documents show the establishment of churches in the area in the 1830s as migrations of pioneers came to the community to farm the land, producing for most of their needs. Early settlements sprang up around waterways, and as the railroad and train depot became a reality in 1879, the Woodstock Depot was built in 1912 by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad as the town grew
17.
Lake Allatoona
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Lake Allatoona is a U. S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoir in Georgia, located in northwestern metro Atlanta. The lake is mostly in southwestern Cherokee County, but a significant part is in southeastern Bartow County, Cartersville is the nearest large town to Allatoona Dam. Red Top Mountain State Park is located on its shores, on the peninsula between the Etowah and Allatoona arms of the lake, most of the north side of the lake remains protected from land development because of its isolated location, mostly blocked by the lake. Allatoona also supplies much of the water for the three counties it is in. The lake is supplied mostly by the Etowah River, and its tributary the Little River. The other major arm of the lake is Allatoona Creek, extending down to Acworth, other significant streams include Kellogg Creek and Rose Creek. The Allatoona Dam holding back the lake was completed in 1949 on the Etowah, the basin upstream of Allatoona covers about 1,100 square miles. This is nearly as large as the basin of Lake Lanier, the lakes summer level has averaged 840 feet above mean sea level. During major droughts it has dropped as much as 13 feet below this, exposing old tree stumps and former hills which are normally submerged at depth safe for navigating boats. Its maximum capacity or flood stage is +23 feet, though it has never known to reach this level. Hydroelectric power generation at Allatoona returns more than $3.5 million to the U. S. Treasury annually, the Corps of Engineers has 662 campsites on Allatoona. Allatoona Pass was the site of an intensive 8-hour battle during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War in June 1864, more than 1,500 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded or missing. The lake was authorized by the Flood Control Acts of 1941 and 1946, the creekside town of Allatoona was destroyed by the creation of the lake. Several roads were also severed or rerouted, including Acworth Dallas Highway, the general contractor for construction of Allatoona Dam was National Constructor Inc. The total cost of the Allatoona project for construction, land, clearing, the record high water on Allatoona of 861.19 feet occurred on April 9,1964. Visitors to Allatoona spent more than $12 million for consumable goods in 1999, the Corps collected more than $1 million in camping and day use fees in 2006. From 1950 through 2006,281 drownings have occurred in Allatoona, the power plant began operation January 31,1950. Since 1957 the summer pool elevation has been 840 feet AMSL, since 1957 the winter draw-down has been 823 feet AMSL
18.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
19.
Jackson County, Georgia
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Jackson County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 60,485, Jackson County comprises the Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area. Most of the first non-Native American settlers came from Effingham County in 1786, on February 11,1796, Jackson County was split off from part of Franklin County, Georgia. The new county was named in honor of Revolutionary War Lieutenant Colonel, Congressman, the county originally covered an area of approximately 1,800 square miles, with Clarksboro as its first county seat. In 1801, the Georgia General Assembly granted 40,000 acres of land in Jackson County for a state college, Franklin College began classes the same year, and the city of Athens was developed around the school. Also the same year, a new county was developed around the new college town, the county seat was moved to an old Indian village called Thomocoggan, a location with ample water supply from Curry Creek and four large springs. In 1804, the city was renamed Jefferson, after Thomas Jefferson, in 1880, a third was built on a hill north of the square. This courthouse was the oldest continuously operating courthouse in the United States until 2004, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 343 square miles, of which 340 square miles is land and 3.4 square miles is water. The population density was 122 people per square mile, there were 16,226 housing units at an average density of 47 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 89. 00% White,7. 78% Black or African American,0. 18% Native American,0. 96% Asian,1. 07% from other races,3. 00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.10. In the county, the population was out with 26. 60% under the age of 18,8. 70% from 18 to 24,31. 80% from 25 to 44,22. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 100.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $40,349, and the median income for a family was $46,211. Males had an income of $34,063 versus $22,774 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,808, about 9. 90% of families and 12. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 30% of those under age 18 and 17. 90% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 60,485 people,21,343 households, the population density was 178.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 23,752 housing units at a density of 69.9 per square mile
20.
The Southern Review
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It publishes fiction, poetry, critical essays, and excerpts from novels in progress by established and emerging writers and includes reproductions of visual art. The initial staff consisted of editor-in-chief Charles W. Pipkin, Robert Penn Warren and Cleanth Brooks as managing editors, in 1942, after 28 issues, publishing was interrupted and restarted again in 1965. Past editors-in-chief have been Albert R. Erskine Jr. Lewis P. Simpson, Donald E. Stanford, James Olney, Fred Hobson, Dave Smith, Bret Lott, the current co-editors are Emily Nemens and Jessica Faust. In 1936, shortly after the founding, poetry editor Morton D. Zabel credited The Southern Review with a competence almost unrivaled at the moment in American letters. In 1941, on the occasion of the journals 5th anniversary,1935, The Southern Review is established. The first issue includes work by Wallace Stevens, Randall Jarrell, Ford Madox Ford, Katherine Anne Porter,1942, Publication suspended due to World War II. 1965, Lewis P. Simpson and Donald E. Stanford relaunch the magazine,1983, James Olney joins Lewis P. Simpson as co-editor. 1987, Fred Hobson joins James Olney as co-editor,1990, Dave Smith joins James Olney as co-editor. 2006, The magazine wins first place for Best Journal Design in the CELJ International Awards Competition,2008, Jeanne M. Leiby becomes editor 2011, Jessica Faust and Cara Blue Adams become co-editors. 2013, Emily Nemens joins as co-editor, list of literary magazines Thomas W. Cutrer. Parnassus on the Mississippi, The Southern Review and the Baton Rouge Literary Community, 1935--1942
21.
Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, LSU is the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System. In 2015, the university enrolled over 26,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools, several of LSUs graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received recognition in their respective fields of study. LSUs athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports, and is a member of the NCAA, the university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger. Louisiana State University Agricultural & Mechanical College had its origin in land grants made by the United States government in 1806,1811. It was founded as an academy and is still today steeped in military tradition. In 1853, the Louisiana General Assembly established the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana near Pineville in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana. Modeled initially after Virginia Military Institute, the institution opened with five professors and nineteen cadets on January 2,1860, the original location of the Old LSU Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 26,1861, after only a year at the helm, the school closed on June 30,1861, with the start of the American Civil War. During the course of the war, the university reopened briefly in April 1863, the losses sustained by the institution during the Union occupation were heavy, and after 1863 the seminary remained closed for the remainder of the Civil War. Following the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox Court House on April 9,1865 and these cannons had been captured from Confederate forces after the close of the war and had been used during the initial firing upon Fort Sumter in April 1861. The cannons are still displayed in front of LSUs Military Science/Aerospace Studies Building, the seminary officially reopened its doors on October 2,1865, only to be burned October 15,1869. On November 1,1869, the institution resumed its exercises in Baton Rouge, in 1870, the name of the institution was officially changed to Louisiana State University. It temporarily opened in New Orleans, June 1,1874 and this prompted the final name change for the university to the Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. On June 7,1925, Oscar B, turner, a professor of agronomy, was murdered by an axe-wielding assailant on campus. On April 30,1926, the present LSU campus was formally dedicated, prior to this, LSU utilized the quarters of the Institute for the Deaf, Mute, and Blind. Land for the present campus was purchased in 1918, construction started in 1922, the campus was originally designed for 3000 students, but was cut back due to budget problems
22.
Lillian Smith Book Award
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Since 1968, the awards have been presented annually, except for 2003 when the Southern Regional Council experienced funding shortfalls. It is the Souths oldest and best-known book award, and is presented in fiction and non-fiction categories, tindall for The Emergence of the New South, 1913-1945, Louisiana State University Press. Dan T. Carter for Scottsboro, A Tragedy of the American South, paul M. Gaston for The New South Creed, A Study in Southern Mythmaking, Alfred A. Knopf. Anthony Dunbar for Our Land, Too, Pantheon Books, Robert Coles for Children of Crisis, Vol. II, Migrants, Sharecroppers, Mountaineers, and Volume III, The South Goes North, Little, Brown and Company. Harold Martin for Ralph McGill, Reporter, Little Brown and Company, alice Walker for Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Vann Woodward for The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Oxford University Press, albert Murray for Train Whistle Guitar, McGraw-Hill. James Loewen and Charles Sallis for Mississippi, Conflict and Change, reynolds Price for The Surface of Earth, Atheneum. Richard Kluger for Simple Justice, The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black Americas Struggle for Equality, will D. Campbell for Brother to a Dragonfly, The Seabury Press. Garrett Epps for The Shad Treatment, Putnam, marion Wright and Arnold Shankman for Human Rights Odyssey, Moore Publishing. Ernest J. Gaines for In My Fathers House, Alfred A. Knopf, jacquelyn Dowd Hall for Revolt Against Chivalry, Jessie Daniel Ames and the Womens Campaign Against Lynching, Columbia University Press. Cormac McCarthy for Suttree, Random House, John Gaventa for Power and Powerlessness, Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley, University of Illinois Press. Pat Conroy for The Lords of Discipline, Houghton Mifflin, harry S. Ashmore for Hearts and Minds, The Anatomy of Racism from Roosevelt to Reagan, McGraw-Hill. John Ehle for The Winter People, Harper & Row, Fred Hobson for South-Watching, Selected Essays by Gerald W. Johnson, University of North Carolina Press. Roy Hoffman for Almost Family, Dial Press, John Egerton for Generations, An American Family, University of Kentucky Press. Alice Walker for In Search of Our Mothers Gardens, Womanist Prose, eudora Welty - Special Lifetime Award. James Farmer for Lay Bare the Heart, An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement, peter Taylor for The Old Forest and Other Stories, Dial Press. A. G. Mojtabai for Blessed Assurance, At Home with the Bomb in Amarillo, Texas, thomas L. Johnson, and Phillip C. Dunn for A True Likeness, The Black South of Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920–1936, pauli Murray for Song in a Weary Throat, An American Pilgrimage, Harper & Row
23.
Robert Penn Warren
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Robert Penn Warren was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic and was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for his novel All the Kings Men and he is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry. Warren was born in Guthrie, Kentucky, very near the Tennessee-Kentucky border, to Robert Warren, Robert Penn Warren graduated from Clarksville High School in Clarksville, Tennessee, Vanderbilt University in 1925 and the University of California, Berkeley in 1926. Warren pursued further study at Yale University from 1927 to 1928 and obtained his B. Litt. as a Rhodes Scholar from New College, Oxford. He also received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study in Italy during the rule of Benito Mussolini and that same year he began his teaching career at Southwestern College in Memphis, Tennessee. He contributed The Briar Patch to the Agrarian manifesto Ill Take My Stand along with 11 other Southern writers and poets. However, Warren recanted these views in an article on the Civil Rights Movement, Divided South Searches Its Soul, a month later, Warren published an expanded version of the article as a small book titled Segregation, The Inner Conflict in the South. He subsequently adopted a profile as a supporter of racial integration. In 1965, he published Who Speaks for the Negro, Warrens interviews with civil rights leaders are at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History at the University of Kentucky, Warrens best-known work is All the Kings Men, a novel that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1947. All the Kings Men became a successful film, starring Broderick Crawford. A2006 film adaptation by writer/director Steven Zaillian featured Sean Penn as Willie Stark, the opera Willie Stark by Carlisle Floyd to his own libretto based on the novel was first performed in 1981. Warren served as the Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, 1944–1945, Promises also won the annual National Book Award for Poetry. In 1974, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture, Warrens lecture was entitled Poetry and Democracy. In 1977, Warren was awarded the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates, in 1980, Warren was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter. In 1981, Warren was selected as a MacArthur Fellow and later was named as the first U. S, poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry on February 26,1986
24.
John Grisham
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John Ray Grisham, Jr. is an American bestselling writer, attorney, politician, and activist best known for his popular legal thrillers. His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide, John Grisham graduated from Mississippi State University before attending the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1981. He practiced criminal law for about a decade and served in the House of Representatives in Mississippi from January 1984 to September 1990 and his first novel, A Time to Kill, was published in June 1989, four years after he began writing it. As of 2012, his books have sold over 275 million copies worldwide, a Galaxy British Book Awards winner, Grisham is one of only three authors to sell 2 million copies on a first printing. Grishams first bestseller, The Firm, sold more than seven million copies. Eight of his novels have also been adapted into films, The Chamber, The Client, A Painted House, The Pelican Brief, Skipping Christmas, The Rainmaker, The Runaway Jury. Grisham, the second of five siblings, was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas, to Wanda Skidmore Grisham and his father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer, while his mother was a homemaker. When Grisham was four years old, his family settled in Southaven, DeSoto County, as a child, Grisham wanted to be a baseball player. Grisham has been a Christian since he was eight years old, after leaving law school, he participated in some missionary work in Brazil, under the First Baptist Church of Oxford. Although Grishams parents lacked formal education, his mother encouraged him to read and he drew on his childhood experiences for his novel A Painted House. Grisham started working for a nursery as a teenager, watering bushes for US$1.00 an hour and he was soon promoted to a fence crew for US$1.50 an hour. He wrote about the job, there was no future in it, at 16, Grisham took a job with a plumbing contractor but says he never drew inspiration from that miserable work. Through a contact of his fathers, he managed to work on a highway asphalt crew in Mississippi at age 17. It was during this time that an unfortunate incident got him serious about college, a fight with gunfire broke out among the crew causing Grisham to run to a nearby restroom to find safety. He did not come out until after the police had detained the perpetrators and he hitchhiked home and started thinking about college. His next work was in retail, as a salesclerk in a department store mens underwear section and he decided to quit but stayed when he was offered a raise. He was given another raise after asking to be transferred to toys, a confrontation with a company spy posing as a customer convinced him to leave the store. By this time, Grisham was halfway through college, planning to become a tax lawyer, he was soon overcome by the complexity and lunacy of it
25.
University of Mississippi
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The University of Mississippi is an American public research university located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is the state of Mississippis flagship and largest university, with an enrollment of 24,250 in fall 2016. It is both a sea-grant and space-grant institution and is classified as an R1, Doctoral University — Highest Research Activity. Across all its campuses, it comprises approximately 2,200 faculty members,10,600 staff members, and 24,000 students, and has a total budget of roughly $2 billion. About 55 percent of its undergraduates and 60 percent overall come from Mississippi, the Mississippi Legislature chartered the University of Mississippi on February 24,1844. The university opened its doors to its first class of 80 students four years later in 1848, for 23 years, the university was Mississippis only public institution of higher learning, and for 110 years it was the states only comprehensive university. When the university opened, the campus consisted of six buildings, constructed from 1846 to 1848, the Lyceum is the oldest building on campus. Originally, the Lyceum housed all of the classrooms and faculty offices of the university, the buildings north and south wings were added in 1903, and the Class of 1927 donated the clock above the eastern portico. The Lyceum is now the home of the administration offices. The columned facade of the Lyceum is represented on the official crest of the university, in 1854, the university established the fourth state-supported, public law school in the United States, and also began offering engineering education. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, classes were interrupted when almost the entire student body from the University of Mississippi enlisted in the Confederate army. The Lyceum was used as a hospital during the Civil War for both Union and Confederate soldiers, especially those who were wounded at the battle of Shiloh, two hundred-fifty soldiers who died in the campus hospital were buried in a cemetery on the grounds of the university. During the post-war period, the university was led by former Confederate general A. P. Stewart and he served as Chancellor from 1874-1886. The university became coeducational in 1882 and was the first such institution in the Southeast to hire a female faculty member, Sarah McGehee Isom, the student yearbook was published for the first time in 1897. A contest was held to solicit suggestions for a title from the student body. Elma Meek, a student, submitted the entry of Ole Miss. Meeks source for the term is unknown, some historians theorize she made a diminutive of old Mississippi or derived the term from ol missus and this sobriquet was not only chosen for the yearbook, but also became the name by which the university was informally known. Ole Miss is defined as the schools intangible spirit, which is separate from the tangible aspects of the university, the university began medical education in 1903, when the University of Mississippi School of Medicine was established on the Oxford campus
26.
Berry College
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Berry College is a private, four-year liberal arts college with a Christian emphasis located in Mount Berry, Floyd County, Georgia, just north of Rome. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Berry was founded in 1902 by Martha Berry. With 27,000 acres, Berry College boasts the largest contiguous campus in the world, Berry College is situated near Rome in northwestern Georgia,72 miles northwest of Atlanta, Georgia and 75 miles south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The Berry campus consists of more than 27,000 acres of fields, forests, and Lavender Mountain, designated portions are open to the public for hiking, cycling, horseback riding, and other outdoor activities. The campus is home to a large population of deer. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources oversees about 16,000 acres of the campus, conducts managed hunts, the land encompassing the academic buildings and other public spaces is a wildlife refuge in which no hunting is allowed. In September 2011, Travel+Leisure ranked Berry as among the most beautiful campuses in the United States, noting its numerous fountains. The House o’ Dreams is a stone and board-and-batten cottage on top of Lavender Mountain. Plans were drawn by Harry Carlson of Cooledge and Carlson of Boston and it was built in 1922 by students and staff as a gift to Miss Berry on the 20th anniversary of the Schools. Standing atop one of the hills on Berry’s Mountain Campus is the beautiful Frost Memorial Chapel, built by Berry students and staff in 1936-37, Frost has become one of the places that visitors to the campus remember and return to visit. It was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. Howard Frost of Los Angeles, while visiting the campus they saw a sign which had been placed upon the site where the chapel now stands. “Chapel needed…, ” the sign read, and after attending a worship service in the recitation hall auditorium. The money for construction was donated to the school and the chapel was named for their son, John Lawrence Frost, who had died in his youth. Berry College has more than 80 miles of hiking, biking and horseback riding trails, the Victory Lake Campground located in the heart of Berrys campus is available for Berry student use only. Berry offers a program with men, women and co-educational play for many sports, including quidditch. Berry College has a total of 2,141 undergraduate students with a 2013 freshman class size of 789 students, there is a 66,34 female to male ratio, and 68% of the students are in-state residents. Students come from 33 states and 17 foreign countries and it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Annapolis Group, an organization of more than 120 liberal arts colleges nationwide. The Campbell School of Business offers bachelors degrees in accounting, economics, finance, management and it is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
27.
Reinhardt University
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Reinhardt University is a comprehensive liberal arts university located in Waleska, Georgia, United States, with an off-campus center in Alpharetta, Georgia. Select programs are offered in Cartersville, Marietta, and Canton, Georgia. Reinhardt is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, in 1883, former Confederate Army Captain and Atlanta lawyer Augustus M. Reinhardt and his brother-in-law, former Lieutenant-Colonel John J. A. Sharp, commenced plans to open a school in Waleska. In return, he promised to offer this individual a yearly salary of $1,000. Sharp, who had owned a store, cotton gin and tobacco factory in the Waleska area before the Civil War, had retained some of his money after the war and was active in the local area. Upon deciding to start the school with Reinhardt, he purchased a local saw mill, the school had been named in honor of Reinhardts father, Lewis W. Reinhardt, who had settled in the area in 1833 and had established a local church known as Reinhardt Chapel. Just a month after the school opened, a tornado struck Waleska, damaging a lot of property, the school, however, wasnt harmed and classes continued uninterrupted. The tornado left downed pine trees perfect for building, seizing this ready supply of wood, school officials and local citizens had it cut up into lumber and began to construct Reinhardts first permanent building. In January 1885, students moved out of the old cabinet and wood shop and into the newly completed, three-story framed building. The school now had a residence in the town. Over the next century, many buildings were built and land acquired, expanding the campuss physical presence to a 90-acre building site, fire and or demolition over the years have left no trace of any of the original 19th-century buildings. Reinhardt Academy opened in 1884 as a school and academy for students of all ages. The founders had originally wanted the school to be just a college, the grammar school taught reading, writing and arithmetic, supplemented by courses in elocution, geography, history and penmanship. The academy taught students algebra, astronomy, botany, chemistry, ethics, geology, geometry, grammar, languages, literature, logic, music, physics, psychology, in 1888, the school had its first graduating high school class of four students. In 1893, a department was established in lieu of a physical education department at the school. Service in this department was compulsory for able-bodied boys, where they participated in drills, exercises, encampments, dress parades. In 1905, the department suggested, but didnt make mandatory. For girls, however, it was decided that they had to wear skirts, white waists
28.
Oxford College of Emory University
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It is the birthplace and one of nine academic divisions of Emory University. The college is located on Emory Universitys original campus in Oxford, Oxford College has an enrollment of over nine hundred freshman and sophomore students. Campus organizations include various community groups, interest clubs, and social clubs. The university-wide unofficial mascot, a skeleton named Lord Dooley, has its origins in the Oxford campus, in terms of athletics, the college participates in NJCAA Division III sports, with the mens and womens tennis teams having won national championships multiple times. In 1833, the Georgia Methodist Conference considered establishing a manual labor school where students would combine farm work with a college preparatory curriculum. Two years later, the Conference opened the Georgia Conference Manual Labor School, in 1836, the new school, Emory College, was established on a tract of land in Newton County, one mile north of Covington, Georgia. The site was chosen because of its distance from the city, the campus and the immediate surroundings were planned and built in 1837 by Edward Lloyd Thomas, a Georgia land surveyor who also planned the city of Columbus, Georgia. On December 23,1839, the legislature incorporated the city of Oxford, named after the alma mater of the founders of the Methodist movement, Charles and John Wesley. Because the college and town were founded only three years apart, many of the early residents were involved in the colleges founding. On September 17,1838, two years after the colleges chartering, President Ignatius Few and three faculty members welcomed fifteen freshmen and sophomores into its inaugural class, in order to raise money to maintain the school, Few began selling lots around the college to local citizens. According to historian Henry M. Bullock, the founders intended Emory to be, in the fullest sense of the term, sometime in 1837, a year before the inaugural class of students were enrolled, the new student body founded the Phi Gamma literary society on campus. The society adapted the motto, Scientia et Religio Libertatis Custodes, in 1851, Phi Gamma Hall was constructed and remains the oldest structure still standing on Oxfords campus. A few years later, Phi Gamma decided it needed a rival society to compete with, consequently, fourteen members withdrew from Phi Gamma to establish Few Society, named after Ignatius Few. The facilities and libraries of each debate society were open to members of either society, the two halls oppose each other across the quad, and both buildings are variations of two-story Greek Revival structures with temple form designs and columned porticos. Debate topics included the justifiability of war, womens suffrage, the morality of slavery, in 1850, members of the two literary societies debated whether Georgia should secede from the Union. A vote on the matter by members of both societies resolved for Georgia to remain in the Union, however, when the American Civil War broke out, both debate societies temporarily suspended their activities as members left school to fight in the war. Both Phi Gamma and Few Hall were used as infirmaries for wounded soldiers, financial tension had reduced the colleges income and student body prior to the outbreak of hostilities. When war broke out in the summer of 1861, the administration decided to temporarily cease all academic operations
29.
Centre College
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Centre College is a private liberal arts college located in Danville, Kentucky, a community of approximately 16,000 in Boyle County, about 35 miles south of Lexington, Kentucky. Centre is an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of approximately 1,375 students. Centre was founded by Presbyterian leaders, with whom it maintains a loose affiliation, the college is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South. The Kentucky General Assembly established Centre College on January 21,1819, the college was named for its proximate location in the geographic centre of the Commonwealth, using early nineteenth century Americas contemporaneous spelling of the word. Auspiciously, the legislature placed many of Kentuckys most prominent citizens in charge of Centre Colleges Board of Trustees, with Isaac Shelby, classes began in the fall of 1820 in Old Centre, the first building on campus and the oldest college administration building west of the Allegheny Mountains. From 1830 to 1857, President John C. Young oversaw a vast enlargement of the faculty, following the Civil War, Centre affiliated itself with several other educational institutions. From 1894 until 1912, J. Proctor Knott, a former Kentucky Governor and U. S. Congressman, in 1921, Centre upset Harvard Universitys undefeated football team 6–0, a feat which led The New York Times to later call it Footballs Upset of the Century. ESPN described Centres victory as one of the biggest upsets in all sports during the twentieth century, c6H0 remains a point of pride among students and alumni and is the answer to What is the formula for a winning football team. To this day, C6HO is inscribed in large figures on the brick exterior of Centres old post office. During the 1960s the colleges financial resources doubled, eleven new buildings were added to the campus and enrollment increased from 450 to 800. In 1988, Centre set a record when it achieved a 75. 4% participation rate for alumni giving. From the latter twentieth century to the present, strong levels of alumni giving, today, enrollment is around 1,300 with nearly 150 faculty members. Dr. John A. Roush, who took office in 1998, is the colleges 20th president, in 2000, Centre became the smallest college ever to host a national election debate. Dick Cheney and Senator Joe Lieberman debated on October 5 at Centres Norton Center for the Arts with CNNs Bernard Shaw acting as moderator. In 2012, Centre again hosted a presidential debate in the Norton Center for the Arts. The physical campus has changed substantially during the past decade, in August 2011, Centre announced the construction of Brockman Residential Commons, a 125-bed facility offering apartment and townhouse living for upperclassmen. The residence facility was completed at the beginning of the 2012–13 school year, during the Confederate occupation of Old Centre in 1862, classes were held at Old Sayre library. However, the Battle of Perryville eventually forced the faculty to suspend classes for 13 days, classes were cancelled one day due to the Great Blizzard of 1978
30.
University of Georgia
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Its primary location is a 762-acre campus adjacent to the college town of Athens, Georgia, approximately an hours drive from the global city of Atlanta. The university has been labeled one of the Public Ivies, a publicly funded university considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. The university was founded in 1785 as the United States first state-chartered university and its historic North Campus is on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places as a designated historic district. The contiguous campus areas include rolling hills, gardens, and extensive green space including nature walks, fields, shrubbery, and large and varied arboreta. Close to the campus is the universitys 58-acre Health Sciences Campus that also has an extensive landscaped green space, more than 400 trees. The university offers over 140 degree programs in an array of disciplines. Consisting of thirteen separate libraries, the UGA Libraries rank among the nation’s largest and best research libraries containing 5.7 million volumes, the University of Georgia is one of 126 member institutions that comprise the Association of Research Libraries. The university is organized into seventeen schools and colleges, the university has three primary campuses. The largest one is the campus in Athens that has 460 buildings. The university has two campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville, Georgia. The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state, the total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres. Varsity and intramural student athletics are a part of student life. UGA served as a member of the SEC in 1932. In their 121-year history, the varsity sports teams have won 39 national championships and 130 conference championships. The Georgia Redcoat Marching Band, the marching band of the university, plays at sports. The Senatus Academicus was composed of the Board of Visitors and the Board of Trustees with the Georgia Senate presiding over those two boards, the first meeting of the universitys board of trustees was held in Augusta, Georgia on February 13,1786. The meeting installed its first president, Abraham Baldwin, a native of Connecticut, Baldwin was a delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, and one of two Georgia delegates to sign the final document. Many features on the University of Georgia campus resemble the campus of Yale, on July 2,1799, the Senatus Academicus met again in Louisville, Georgia and decided that the time was right to open the university
31.
Mercer University
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Mercer University is the oldest private university in Georgia with its main campus in Macon, Georgia, United States. Mercer is a member of the Georgia Research Alliance and has a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, Mercer has three campuses, the main campus in Macon, a graduate and professional education campus in Atlanta, and a four-year campus of the School of Medicine in Savannah. Mercer also has regional centers in Henry County, Douglas County, and Newnan. The Mercer University Health Sciences Center encompasses Mercers medical, pharmacy, nursing, U. S. News and World Report ranks Mercer 135th among the 310 universities in the National Universities category. Mercer, along with Emory University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Mercer is also ranked as the 24th best value among the 310 national universities in terms of education relative to cost. The school opened as Mercer Institute with 39 students on January 14,1833, the school was named for Jesse Mercer, a prominent Baptist leader who provided a founding endowment and who served as the first chairman of the board of trustees. The Georgia General Assembly granted a university charter in December 1837, Mercer adopted its present name in 1838 and graduated its first university class, of three students, in 1841. In 1871, Mercer moved to Macon, a center of transportation, Mercer expanded to Atlanta in 1959 when the university absorbed the independent Southern School of Pharmacy. Atlanta Baptist College was founded in 1968 under the leadership of Dr. Monroe F. Swilley, the college merged with Mercer in 1972 and became the College of Arts and Sciences, and in 1984 was named the Cecil B. Day College of Arts and Sciences, Mercer offered undergraduate liberal arts education in Atlanta until 1990 when the college closed. Faculty and students tried to prevent the closure, but were not successful, the mission of the Atlanta campus changed to graduate and professional education. The Southern School of Pharmacy moved in 1992 from its location to the Cecil B. William D. Underwood became Mercers 18th president on July 1,2006, succeeding Dr. Raleigh Kirby Godsey, Underwood previously served at Baylor University as interim president and held the prestigious Leon Jaworski Chair at Baylor Law School. During Underwoods presidency, enrollment has increased by twenty percent to more than 8,500 students. Mercer, founded by early 19th-century Baptists, ended its affiliation with the Georgia Baptist Convention in 2006 after 173 years, before the affiliation ended, Mercer had an independent board of trustees, the convention provided financial support but did not control the university. The lack of control caused friction, with Mercer resisting restraints on social issues while the convention saw Mercer as becoming secularized and not conforming to its values. Mercer received a $5 million grant from the John S. the Mercer On Mission medical outreach program, launched in 2007, has been recognized by the Clinton Global Initiative as an exemplary approach to addressing a specific global challenge. It helps students combine research, study abroad and service learning under faculty direction, in 2014, Mercer set an enrollment record in the fall of 2014 with a university-wide population of 8,557 students
32.
Kennesaw State University
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Kennesaw State University is a public, coeducational, research university with a main campus located in Kennesaw, Georgia, United States, approximately 20 miles northwest of Atlanta. A secondary campus operates in Marietta, Georgia which was the site of the previous Southern Polytechnic State University until 2015, KSU also holds classes at the Cobb Galleria Centre, Dalton State College and Dallas. Current enrollment is over 35,600 students, making it the third largest university in the state of Georgia, KSU is part of the University System of Georgia. The university has programs in business, education, engineering, nursing, physical sciences, criminal justice. Both the Kennesaw and Marietta campuses are located in areas on a combined 581 acres of land. The university has undergone a number of changes in name over its short existence. The university was founded by the Georgia Board of Regents approved the establishment of a junior college tentatively to be named Cobb County Junior College. In December 1964, Horace Sturgis was designated to serve as the colleges first president. When the school opened in fall of 1966, it was named Kennesaw Junior College and had an enrollment of 216,969 students. Thirteen years later, in 1976, the former Kennesaw Junior College became a college and was redesignated Kennesaw College. Betty Siegel became the president of Kennesaw College in 1981. By 1985, KSU had initiated its first graduate programs, in business and education and began a period of rapid growth. Finally, in 1988, the former Kennesaw College was renamed Kennesaw State College and Associate degrees were discontinued, Kennesaw States baseball and softball teams won the NCAA Division II national championships in 1996. In part due to their winning Division II in 2005, the Owls joined Division I, in 2004, KSU was recognized by the Department of Homeland Security and the National Security Agency as a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education. At the time, this placed KSU among 67 other institutions recognized as CAE/IAEs with this recognition, in the summer of 2006, Dr. Daniel S. Papp, Ph. D, became the universitys third president. KSU also began its first doctoral programs in Education in Leadership for Learning, Education, on October 17,2007, Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke donated several relics from the 1972 lunar mission to Kennesaw State, including a lunar map and a checklist from the flight. It was reported to be the only checklist from an Apollo flight to be in a university library anywhere in the world, on November 1,2013, the University System of Georgia announced that Kennesaw State University would merge with nearby Southern Polytechnic State University in 2015. The merged University would be named Kennesaw State University with President Papp serving as president of the merged institutions, on January 6,2015, the Georgia Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia approved the consolidation of Southern Polytechnic State and Kennesaw State
33.
Erskine Caldwell
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Erskine Preston Caldwell was an American novelist and short story writer. Caldwell was a supporter of eugenics at a time it was gaining in popularity in the United States, Caldwell was born on December 17,1903, in the small community White Oak in Coweta County, Georgia. He was the child of Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church minister Ira Sylvester Caldwell. Rev. Caldwells ministry necessitated moving the family throughout the South, including the states of Florida, Virginia, Tennessee, South Carolina, when he was 15 years old, his family settled in Wrens, Georgia. His mother Carrie was from Virginia and her ancestry included English nobility which held large land grants in eastern Virginia. Both her English ancestors and Scots-Irish ancestors fought in the American Revolution, Ira Caldwells ancestors were Scots-Irish and had also been in the country since before the revolution and had fought in it. Caldwell attended but did not graduate from Erskine College, a Presbyterian affiliated school nearby in South Carolina and his political sympathies lay with the working classes and he used his experiences with farmers and common workers to write stories portraying their lives and struggles. Later in life he presented public seminars on the conditions of tenant-sharecroppers in the South. His first and second published works were The Bastard and Poor Fool but the works for which he is most famous are his novels Tobacco Road, maxim Lieber was his literary agent during the 1930s and 40s. His first book was banned and copies were seized by authorities, with the publication of Gods Little Acre, the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice instigated legal action against him in New York. Caldwell was arrested when he attended a book-signing there but was exonerated in trial, through the 1930s Caldwell and his first wife Helen managed a bookstore in Maine. Disillusionment with the anti-revisionist socialist government had led him to compose a short story. In this story, a woman journalist is executed by a firing squad after being tried in a court on charges of espionage. During World War II, Caldwell obtained papers from the USSR that allowed him to travel to Ukraine, after he returned from World War II, Caldwell took up residence in Connecticut, then in Arizona with third wife, June, then in San Francisco. During the last twenty years of his life, his routine was to travel the world for six months of each year, Caldwell died from complications of emphysema and lung cancer on April 11,1987, in Paradise Valley, Arizona. He is interred in Scenic Hills Memorial Park, Ashland, Oregon, although he never lived there, his stepson and fourth wife, Virginia Caldwell Hibbs, did, and wished him to be buried near his family. Caldwell wrote 25 novels,150 short stories, twelve nonfiction collections and he also edited the influential American Folkways series, a 28-volume series of books about different regions of the United States. McDonald Francis, Leila H. Erskine Caldwell, A Bibliography of Dissertations, stevens, C. J. Storyteller, A Life of Erskine Caldwell
34.
Carson McCullers
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Carson McCullers was an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, essayist, and poet. Her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, explores the isolation of misfits and outcasts in a small town of the U. S. South. Her other novels have themes and most are set in the deep South. McCullers’ oeuvre is often described as Southern Gothic and indicative of her southern roots, however, McCullers penned all of her work after leaving the South, and critics also describe her writing and eccentric characters as universal in scope. Her stories have been adapted to stage and film, a stagework of her novel The Member of the Wedding, which captures a young girls feelings at her brothers wedding, made a successful Broadway run in 1950–51. She was born Lula Carson Smith in Columbus, Georgia in 1917 and her mother’s grandfather was a planter and Confederate war hero. Her father was a watchmaker and jeweler of French Huguenot descent, from the age of ten she took piano lessons, when she was fifteen her father gave her a typewriter to encourage her story writing. Smith graduated from Columbus High School, in September 1934, at age 17, she left home on a steamship bound for New York City, planning to study piano at the Juilliard School of Music. After falling ill with rheumatic fever she returned to Columbus to recuperate, in 1936 she published her first work. Wunderkind, a piece that Bates admired, depicted a music prodigys adolescent insecurity. It first appeared in Story magazine and is collected in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, from 1935 to 1937, as her studies and health dictated, she divided her time between Columbus and New York. In September 1937, aged 20, she married an ex-soldier and aspiring writer and they began their married life in Charlotte, North Carolina, where Reeves had found work. Maxim Lieber was her agent in 1938 and intermittently thereafter. In 1940, at the age of 23, writing in the Southern Gothic or perhaps Southern realist traditions, McCullers completed her first novel, at the time the novel was thought to suggest an anti-Fascist message. McCullers published eight books, the best known are The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Reflections in a Golden Eye and The Member of the Wedding. The novella The Ballad of the Sad Café depicts loneliness and the pain of unrequited love, at the time of its writing, McCullers was a resident at Yaddo, in The Member of the Wedding, McCullers describes the feelings of a young girl at her brothers wedding. The Broadway stage adaptation of the novel had a run in 1950–51 and was produced by the Young Vic in London in September 2007. Many know her works largely by their film adaptations, the Heart Is a Lonely Hunter was adapted as a film with the same title in 1968, with Alan Arkin in the lead role
35.
Eudora Welty
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Eudora Alice Welty was an American short story writer and novelist who wrote about the American South. Her novel The Optimists Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973, Welty was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, among numerous awards including the Order of the South. She was the first living author to have her works published by the Library of America and her house in Jackson, Mississippi has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public as a house museum. Eudora Welty was born in Jackson, Mississippi on April 13,1909 and she grew up with younger brothers Edward Jefferson and Walter Andrews. Eudora’s mother was a school teacher, Eudora soon developed a love of reading, reinforced by her mother who believed that any room in our house, at any time in the day, was there to read in, or to be read to. Her father, who worked as an executive, was intrigued by gadgets and machines. She later would use technology for symbolism in her stories and would become an avid photographer. Near the time of her school graduation, Eudora moved with her family to a house built for them at 1119 Pinehurst Street. Hedrick designed the Weltys Tudor Revival style home, which is now known as the Eudora Welty House, from 1925 to 1927, Welty studied at the Mississippi State College for Women, then transferred to the University of Wisconsin to complete her studies in English literature. She studied advertising at Columbia University at the suggestion of her father, because Welty graduated at the height of the Great Depression, she struggled to find work in New York. Soon after Welty returned to Jackson in 1931, her father died of leukemia and she took a job at a local radio station and wrote about Jackson society for the Memphis newspaper Commercial Appeal. In 1935, she work for the Works Progress Administration. As a publicity agent, she collected stories, conducted interviews and she gained a wider view of Southern life and the human relationships that she drew from for her short stories. During this time she held meetings in her house with fellow writers and friends. Three years later, she left her job to become a full-time writer and she strengthened her place as an influential Southern writer when she published her first book of short stories, A Curtain of Green. Her new-found success won her a seat on the staff of The New York Times book review as well as a Guggenheim Fellowship, which enabled her to travel to France, England, Ireland, while abroad, she spent some time as a resident lecturer at Oxford and Cambridge. In 1960, she returned home to Jackson to care for her elderly mother, after Medgar Evers, president of the NAACP in Mississippi, was assassinated, she published a story, Where Is the Voice Coming From. She wrote it in the first person as the assassin, in 1973 she received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel, The Optimists Daughter
36.
The Prince of Tides (novel)
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The Prince of Tides is a novel by Pat Conroy, first published in 1986. It revolves around events that affected former football player Tom Wingos relationship with his immediate family. Toms elder brother, Luke, met a tragic and premature death and his sister, Savannah. Tom travels to New York City to discuss his sisters problems with Dr. Susan Lowenstein, starting in her childhood, Savannah experienced schizophrenic hallucinations involving bloody figures and dogs which tell her to kill herself. Savannah moves to New York and becomes a writer of poetry. After many years, Savannah attempts suicide and nearly succeeds, the hallucinations still haunting her and we learn that Tom and his siblings were the offspring of an abusive father and uncaring mother. The father, Henry, a WWII bomber crewman who survived being shot down and managed to capture by the Nazis, thought that the best way to raise a family was by beating them. He was a boat operator and, despite being successful at that profession. One business attempt was a gas station that he advertised with a live tiger and these attempts leave the family in poverty. Their overly proud, status-hungry mother was concerned for the familys public image. Eventually, Tom reveals the most traumatic event of their childhood and they rape Tom, Savannah, and Lila, their mother. The mother and the children dispose of the bodies and she made them promise that they would never tell a soul about what happened. After the revelation of the rape, Lowenstein feels that she is closer to helping Savannah. Tom then tells the story of how their brother, Luke, Lila ends up divorcing Henry many years later, and marries Reese Newbury, a prominent landowner in the city of Colleton and former husband of a childhood rival, next to Melrose Island. Lila had gained the land in the settlement, and sells it to Reese, Reese sells all of the land in Colleton county and the Atomic Energy Commission begins the construction of production plants there. Luke, an ex-Navy SEAL who served in Vietnam, decides to fight for his land and he is tracked down by Savannah and Tom who try to persuade him to give up instead of being killed by the FBI. Luke is finally persuaded to surrender himself at a time and place of his choosing, as the novel concludes, Savannah is making her recovery and Tom becomes closer to his wife and children. Henry, after being released from prison for trafficking, is confronted by Tom about his abuse
37.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
38.
Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
39.
Joanne Woodward
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Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward is an American actress, producer, activist, and philanthropist. She is perhaps best known for her Academy Award-winning role in The Three Faces of Eve. Woodward was born on February 27,1930, in Thomasville, Georgia, daughter of Elinor and Wade Woodward and her middle names, Gignilliat Trimmier, are of Huguenot origin. She was influenced to become an actress by her mothers love of movies and her mother named her after Joan Crawford, using the Southern pronunciation of the name – Joanne. She eventually worked with Olivier in 1977, in a production of Come Back. During rehearsals, she mentioned this incident to him, and he told her that he remembered her doing it, Woodward lived in Thomasville until she was in the second grade, when her family relocated to Marietta, Georgia, where she attended Marietta High School. She remains a booster of Marietta High and of that citys Strand Theater and they moved once again when she was a junior in high school, after her parents divorced. She graduated from Greenville High School in Greenville, South Carolina in 1947, Woodward won many beauty contests as a teenager. She appeared in productions at Greenville High and in Greenvilles Little Theatre, playing Laura Wingfield in their staging of The Glass Menagerie. She returned to Greenville in 1976, to play Amanda Wingfield in another Little Theatre production of The Glass Menagerie and she had also returned in 1955 for the premiére of her debut movie, Count Three And Pray, at the Paris Theatre on North Main Street. Woodward majored in drama at Louisiana State University, where she was an initiate of Chi Omega sorority, woodwards first film was a post-Civil War Western, Count Three and Pray, in 1955. She continued to move between Hollywood and Broadway, eventually understudying in the New York production of Picnic, which featured her future husband Paul Newman, the two were married in 1958, after their work together in the film The Long, Hot Summer. By that time, Woodward had starred in The Three Faces of Eve and she appeared with husband Paul Newman in ten feature films, The Long, Hot Summer Rally Round the Flag, Boys. From the Terrace Paris Blues A New Kind of Love Winning WUSA The Drowning Pool Harry & Son — Mr. and she appeared in the television films Sybil, opposite Sally Field, and Crisis at Central High. She was the narrator for Martin Scorseses screen version of The Age of Innocence, Woodward was a co-producer and starred in a 1993 broadcast of the play Blind Spot, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie. In 1995, Woodward directed off-broadway revivals of Clifford Odets Golden Boy, Woodward served as the artistic director of the Westport Country Playhouse from 2001 to 2005. She recorded a reading of singer John Mellencamps song The Real Life for his box set On the Rural Route 7609, in 2011, she narrated the Scholastic/Weston Woods film All the World. Woodward was reported to have engaged to author Gore Vidal prior to marrying Paul Newman
