1.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
2.
Louisiana
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Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Much of the lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh. These contain a rich southern biota, typical examples include birds such as ibis, there are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a process in the landscape. These support a large number of plant species, including many species of orchids. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, the current Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a period, a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century, many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. Louisiana was named after Louis XIV, King of France from 1643 to 1715, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle claimed the territory drained by the Mississippi River for France, he named it La Louisiane. The suffix -ana is a Latin suffix that can refer to information relating to an individual, subject. Thus, roughly, Louis + ana carries the idea of related to Louis, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist 250 million years ago when there was but one supercontinent, Pangea. As Pangea split apart, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico opened, Louisiana slowly developed, over millions of years, from water into land, and from north to south. The oldest rocks are exposed in the north, in such as the Kisatchie National Forest. The oldest rocks date back to the early Tertiary Era, some 60 million years ago, the history of the formation of these rocks can be found in D. Spearings Roadside Geology of Louisiana. The sediments were carried north to south by the Mississippi River
3.
J. Bennett Johnston
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John Bennett Johnston Jr. usually known as J. Bennett Johnston Jr. is an American lobbyist and a Democrat who represented Louisiana in the United States Senate from 1972 to 1997. Johnston was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, to the attorney John Bennett Johnston Sr. Johnston attended the private elementary and junior high Southfield School in the South Highlands neighborhood of Shreveport. He was inducted into the Southfield Hall of Fame in 1994, after Southfield, Johnston graduated from C. E. Byrd High School in Shreveport. He attended the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York, in 1956, Johnston graduated from Louisiana State University Law Center in Baton Rouge. He was admitted to the bar that same year and he served in the United States Army, Judge Advocate General Corps in Germany from 1956 to 1959. In 1964, Johnston was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives, hudson and Taylor W. OHearn, and two other Democrats from Caddo Parish, Algie D. Brown and Frank Fulco. Hudson and OHearn were the first Republicans to serve in the legislature since Reconstruction, in 1966, Johnston hired Ralph Perlman, a business graduate of Columbia University in New York City, to the legislative staff. Soon Governor John McKeithen elevated Perlman to the position of state budget director, in 1968, Johnston was elected at-large to the Louisiana State Senate, along with fellow Democrats Jackson B. Davis and Joe LeSage. One of the candidates that he defeated was the Republican Tom Stagg, under senatorial courtesy, Johnston could have blocked Staggs confirmation but did not do so. Edwards defeated Johnston by 4,488 votes, or an average of less than two votes per precinct, edwards went on to defeat Republican David C. Treen in the general election February 1,1972, treen won election to the U. S. House in November 1972, where he served until his election as governor in 1979. In 1972, Johnston challenged the incumbent, Allen J. Ellender. Ellender died during the campaign, and Johnston, with powerful name identification stemming from his gubernatorial bid only months earlier, won the primary easily. In the primary, Johnston received 623,076 votes, Frank T. Allen,88,198 votes, Johnston then defeated Republican Ben C. McKeithen, the first Louisiana governor to serve two terms, left office six months prior to the Senate election. Johnston received 598,987 votes, McKeithen,250,161, another 28,910 voters chose the American Independent Party candidate, Hall Lyons, a Shreveport native who had relocated in the oil business to Lafayette. He was the son of Louisiana Republican pioneer Charlton Lyons of Shreveport. Johnston was sworn in immediately upon certification of his election, allowing him to gain an edge in seniority over other senators first taking office during the 93rd Congress
4.
Bill Cassidy
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William Morgan Bill Cassidy is an American physician and politician currently serving as the senior United States Senator from the state of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party and served as the U. S, Representative for Louisianas 6th Congressional District from 2009 to 2015. Cassidy became Louisianas senior senator when David Vitter retired in 2017 and he is the Senates most junior senior senator. William Morgan Cassidy was born in Highland Park, Illinois, one of four born to Elizabeth and James F. Cassidy. Degree in 1979 from Louisiana State University and an M. D. from LSU School of Medicine in 1983, Cassidy specialized in the treatment of diseases of the liver at the Earl K. His wife, Laura, is also a physician and they are members of The Chapel on the Campus, a nondenominational Christian Church that meets on LSUs campus in Baton Rouge. In 1998, Cassidy helped found the Greater Baton Rouge Community Clinic to provide uninsured residents of the greater Baton Rouge area with access to health care. The Clinic provides low-income families with free dental, medical, mental health, Cassidy has also been involved in setting up the nonprofit Health Centers in Schools, which vaccinates children in the East Baton Rouge Parish School System against Hepatitis B and flu. Cassidy was first elected to the Louisiana State Senate in 2006 as a Republican, in 2013, Cassidy called his donation to Landrieu a youthful indiscretion, saying that she got elected and fell into partisan politics. Louisiana hasnt left Mary, Mary has left us, since 2001, he has mostly contributed to Republican candidates, including Senator David Vitter. According to Cassidy, he switched parties after the extinction of conservative Democrats, on December 9,2006, Cassidy won a special election for the District 16 seat in the Louisiana Senate. In his first bid for office, Cassidy defeated veteran State Representative William Daniel, a fellow Republican. The election was held to replace Jay Dardenne, who vacated the seat he had held since 1992 upon his election as Louisiana Secretary of State, Cassidy was sworn in on December 20,2006. On October 20,2007, Cassidy was reelected, this time to a full term in the Louisiana State Senate. Cassidy received 76% of the vote against Republican Troy Rocco Moreau, on November 4,2008, Cassidy was elected to serve Louisianas 6th district in the U. S. House of Representatives, defeating incumbent Democratic Congressman Don Cazayoux with 48% of the vote. He likely owed his victory to the independent candidacy of state representative Michael L. Jackson, Jackson, who is African-American, finished third with 36,100 votes, more than the 25, 000-vote margin separating Cassidy and Cazayoux. In the 2010 midterm elections, Cassidy easily won a second term, mcDonald of Baton Rouge with 66% of the vote. In the 2012 election, Cassidy was reelected again, defeating Rufus Holt Craig, Jr. a Libertarian, and Richard Torregano, Cassidy received 79% of the vote
5.
Ron Wyden
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Ronald Lee Ron Wyden /ˈwaɪdən/ is the senior United States Senator for Oregon, serving since 1996, and a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1996 and he is the current dean of Oregons Congressional Delegation. Wyden was born Ronald Lee Wyden in Wichita, Kansas, the son of Edith and Peter H. Wyden, Wyden grew up in Palo Alto, California, where he played basketball for Palo Alto High School. He attended the University of California, Santa Barbara on a scholarship, and later transferred to Stanford University. He received a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Oregon School of Law in 1974, while teaching gerontology at several Oregon universities, Wyden founded the Oregon chapter of the Gray Panthers, which he led from 1974 to 1980. Wyden also served as the director of the Oregon Legal Services Center for Elderly, Wyden ran for the United States House of Representatives in 1980. During the Democratic primary, Wyden, who was just 31 years old at the time, upset incumbent Representative Bob Duncan in Oregons 3rd congressional district, later that fall, Wyden easily defeated his Republican opponent, Darrell Conger, with 71 percent of the vote. The 3rd has long been the most Democratic district in Oregon, in January 1996, Wyden narrowly defeated Oregon State Senate President Gordon Smith in a special election to fill the Senate seat vacated by Bob Packwood. Smith won a separate November 1996 Senate election to succeed the retiring Mark Hatfield, and Smith and Wyden served together until Smiths defeat in 2008 by Democrat Jeff Merkley. Wyden holds the Senate seat once held by the late Wayne Morse, a man whom Wyden worked for in the summer of 1968 when he served as Morses driver, and whom Wyden calls his mentor. In 2010 he was re-elected with 57% of the vote, over his opponent, Jim Huffman. In 2016 he was re-elected again with 56% of the vote over Republican opponent Mark Callahan, on the Issues characterizes him as a Hard-Core Liberal. On March 6,2013 Wyden crossed party lines to join Republican Senator Rand Paul who was engaged in a filibuster to block voting on the nomination of John O. Brennan as the Director of the CIA. Wyden joined in, questioning the use of drones, politico reported that Wydens ascent to Chair of the Senate Finance Committee would vault him into the ranks of the Chambers most influential. He was praised for his ability to defuse partisan tensions and encourage bipartisan cooperation,2516, brought to the floor by Republican senator Lindsey Graham, which ruled that enemy combatants did not have the right to Habeas Corpus. Iraq Wyden was one of 23 Senators to vote against the authorization of force in Iraq in 2002. In 2003, Wyden voted to bar excessive overseas deployments of members of the National Guard, Wyden also voted many other times for withdrawal of combat forces from Iraq, against funding for the war without binding timelines, and against the establishment of permanent military bases in Iraq. Wyden also opposed President Obamas plan for a surge in Afghanistan in 2009
6.
Lisa Murkowski
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Lisa Ann Murkowski /mɜːrˈkaʊskiː/ is the senior United States Senator from Alaska and a member of the Republican Party. She has served in the Senate since 2002, Murkowski became the states senior senator on January 3,2009, when Democrat Mark Begich, who had defeated Alaskas senior senator Ted Stevens in November 2008, took office. She is the daughter of former U. S, Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski. Before her appointment to the Senate, she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader. Murkowski was appointed to the U. S. Senate by her father, Frank Murkowski and she completed her fathers unexpired term, which ended in January 2005. She ran for and won a term in 2004. She ran for a term in 2010. She lost the Republican Party nomination to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller. Although Sen. Murkowski has won three terms to the Senate, she has never won a majority of the vote winning pluralities each time,48. 5% in 2004,39. 5% in 2010. Murkowski was born in Ketchikan, Alaska, the daughter of Nancy Rena and her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent, and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian. As a child, she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker and she earned a B. A. degree in Economics from Georgetown University in 1980, the same year her father was elected to the U. S. Senate. She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented the state of Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess and she received her J. D. degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law. She was employed as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office, from 1989 to 1998, she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage, Alaska. She also served, from 1990 to 1991, on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless, in 1998, Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives and reelected in 2000 and 2002. She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–2004 legislative session, Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees. In 1999, she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee, the appointment caused a controversy in the state. Many voters disapproved of apparent nepotism in the appointment of Murkowski to the Senate, and eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators. Murkowski was elected to a full term against former Democratic Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election
7.
John Kerry
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John Forbes Kerry is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017. A Democrat, he previously served Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1985 to 2013 and he was the Democratic nominee in the 2004 presidential election, losing narrowly to Republican incumbent George W. Bush. Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and he graduated from Yale University in 1966 with a major in political science. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and between 1968 and 1969, he served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal and he appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. After receiving a J. D. from Boston College Law School and he served as Lieutenant Governor under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran–Contra affair, Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990,1996,2002, and 2008. In his 2004 presidential campaign, Kerry criticized George W. Bush for the Iraq War and he and his running mate, North Carolina Senator John Edwards, lost the election, finishing 35 electoral votes behind Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Kerry returned to the Senate, becoming Chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship in 2007 and then of the Foreign Relations Committee in 2009. In January 2013, Kerry was nominated by President Barack Obama to succeed outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and then confirmed by the U. S. Senate, John Forbes Kerry was born on December 11,1943, in Aurora, Colorado, at Fitzsimons Army Hospital. He is the second of four born to Richard John Kerry, a Foreign Service officer and lawyer, and Rosemary Isabel Forbes. His father was raised Catholic and his mother was Episcopalian and he was raised with an elder sister named Margaret, a younger sister named Diana and a younger brother named Cameron. The children were raised in their fathers faith, John Kerry served as an altar boy, Kerry grew up a military brat until his father was discharged from the Army Air Corps, causing the family to settle in Washington, D. C. in 1949. While in Washington, Richard took a spot in the Department of the Navys Office of General Counsel and his extended maternal family enjoyed great wealth as members of the Forbes and Dudley–Winthrop families. Kerrys parents themselves were upper-middle class, and a great aunt paid for him to attend elite boarding schools. In 1957, his father was stationed at the U. S. Embassy in Oslo, Norway, and Kerry was sent back to the United States to attend boarding school. He first attended the Fessenden School in Newton, Massachusetts, and later St. Pauls, Concord, New Hampshire, Kerry founded the John Winant Society at St. Pauls to debate the issues of the day, the Society still exists there. In 1962, Kerry entered Yale University, majoring in political science and he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1966
8.
Maria Cantwell
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Maria Elaine Cantwell /ˈkæntˌwɛl/ is the junior United States Senator from Washington, serving since 2001. She is Washingtons second female senator, after Patty Murray and she serves as the Ranking Member on the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Upon the February 2017 resignation of Jeff Sessions, Cantwell became the most senior junior Senator, Cantwell was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. She was raised in a predominantly Irish-American neighborhood on the side of Indianapolis. Her father, Paul F. Cantwell, served as county commissioner, city councilman, state legislator and her mother, Rose M. was an administrative assistant. Her ancestry includes Irish and German and she attended Emmerich Manual High School and was inducted into the Indianapolis Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2006. After high school, Cantwell went to Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and she moved to Seattle, Washington in 1983 to campaign for U. S. Senator Alan Cranston in his bid for the 1984 Democratic Presidential nomination. She then moved to the Seattle suburb of Mountlake Terrace because it reminded her of Indianapolis, Cantwell now lives in Edmonds, Washington. In 1986, Cantwell was elected to the Washington State House of Representatives at the age of 28, in her campaign, she embarked on an extensive door-knocking effort in her district. In 1988, she won re-election to a term with 66% of the vote. In 1990, she won re-election to a term with 61% of the vote. As a state representative, she helped write Washingtons Growth Management Act of 1990, which required cities to develop comprehensive growth plans and she also worked on legislation regulating nursing homes. Growth Strategies Commission 1992 In the November election, Cantwell defeated Republican State Senator Gary Nelson 55%–42% and she became the first Democrat elected to the United States House of Representatives from Washingtons first congressional district in 40 years. 1994 Republican Rick White defeated Cantwell 52%–48% in the Republican landslide of 1994 and she was called a savvy, pro-business Democrat. She supported President Clintons 1993 budget, which raised taxes and passed despite receiving No votes from many of her Democratic colleagues, during her only term, she helped convince the Clinton administration to drop its support of the Clipper chip. She wrote a letter to Vice President Al Gore and staunchly opposed it because Microsoft Inc. was in her district and she voted in support of the North American Free Trade Agreement. U. S. House Public Works Committee After her defeat, political ally Rob Glaser offered her a job as vice president of marketing for RealNetworks
9.
Buddy Roemer
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Roemer was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party in 2012. Buddy Roemer endorsed Gary Johnson, a governor of New Mexico, in March 1991, while serving as governor, Roemer switched affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. Roemer serves on the Advisory Council of Represent. Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization, Buddy Roemer was born on October 4,1943, in Shreveport, the son of Charles Elson Budgie Roemer, II and the former Adeline McDade. Roemers maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of the grandmother of James C. Gardner, a mayor of Shreveport. Gardner knew Roemers grandfather as Uncle Ross, mcDades wife died, and he remarried, from which union came Adeline Roemer. Roemer and Gardner were not close politically, Roemer was reared on the familys Scopena plantation near Bossier City. He attended public schools and graduated in 1960 as valedictorian of Bossier High School, in 1964, he graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. In 1967, he received an MBA in finance from Harvard Business School, after college, Roemer returned to Louisiana to work in his father’s computer business and later founded two banks. He was elected in 1972 as a delegate to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention held in 1973, Roemers father had been in 1971 the campaign manager for Edwin Washington Edwards and became commissioner of administration during Edwards first term as governor. Buddy Roemer worked on the Edwards campaign as a leader and later started a political consulting firm. As a member of Congress, Roemer represented Louisianas 4th congressional district in the section of the state. In 1978, Roemer lost in the blanket primary for the 4th district congressional seat. Waggonner announced his opposition to Roemer after Roemer criticized the costs of the Red River navigation program. Leach went on to defeat Wilson by 266 votes in a vote count. In 1980, Roemer and Wilson again challenged Leach in the primary and that time, Wilson finished in third place, Roemer ranked second, again with 27 percent, and Leach led the field with 29 percent. In the general election, with the support of Wilson, Roemer handily defeated Leach,64 to 36 percent, after his 1980 election victory, Roemer won congressional re-election without opposition in 1982,1984, and 1986. In Congress, Roemer frequently supported Ronald Reagans policy initiatives and fought with the Democratic congressional leadership and he also criticized then Democratic House leader Tip ONeill of Massachusetts for being too liberal, and was in turn characterized by Speaker ONeill as being often wrong but never in doubt
10.
Edwin Edwards
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Edwin Washington Edwards is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the U. S. Representative for Louisianas 7th congressional district from 1965 to 1972 and as the 50th Governor of Louisiana for four terms and he served a total of sixteen years in office, the sixth-longest serving gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U. S. history at 5,784 days. A colorful, powerful and legendary figure in Louisiana politics, Edwards, in 2001, he was found guilty of racketeering charges and sentenced to ten years in Federal prison. Edwards began serving his sentence in October 2002 in Fort Worth, Texas, Edwards was released from federal prison in January 2011, after serving eight years. He entered into home confinement at his daughters Denham Springs, Louisiana home through the supervision of a halfway house, following that, Edwards was placed on parole. In February 2013, Edwards was granted release from parole. His wife Trina made the announcement on her Facebook page, without a pardon, Edwards remains ineligible to seek the governorship until 15 years have passed from the end of his sentence. In 2013, Edwards co-starred, alongside his third wife Trina, in an A&E reality show, in 2014, Edwards ran in the 2014 election to represent Louisianas 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. He placed first in the primary, but was defeated by nearly 25 points in the runoff election. Edwin Washington Edwards was born in rural Avoyelles Parish, near Marksville and his father, Clarence Edwards, was a half-French Creole Presbyterian sharecropper, while his mother, the former Agnès Brouillette, was a French-speaking Catholic. Edwards ancestors were among early Louisiana colonists from France who eventually settled in Avoyelles Parish, Edwards, like many 20th century politicians from Avoyelles, assumed that he had Cajun ancestry, when in fact he may have had none. His father was descended from a family in Kentucky, who came to Louisiana during the American Civil War and his great-great-grandfather, William Edwards, was killed in Marksville at the beginning of the American Civil War because of his pro-Union sentiment. The young Edwards had planned on a career as a preacher, as a young man, he did some preaching for the Marksville Church of the Nazarene. He served briefly in the U. S. Navy Air Corps near the end of World War II. After his return from the military, he graduated at the age of twenty-one from Louisiana State University Law Center and began practicing law in Crowley, the seat of Acadia Parish. He relocated there in 1949 after his sister, Audrey E. Isbell, Edwards career was thus helped by his being bilingual and articulate in both English and Cajun French. He learned to cultivate the goodwill of the media, working reporters, one of his favorites was Adras LaBorde, longtime managing editor of the Alexandria Daily Town Talk in Alexandria. LaBorde even influenced Edwards in regard to environmental policy, in 1949, Edwards married Elaine Schwartzenburg, whom he had met at Marksville High School
11.
Mary Evelyn Parker
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Mary Evelyn Dickerson Parker was a Democrat who served as the Louisiana state treasurer from 1968 to 1987, the first woman to have held the position. Prior to her tenure as treasurer, Parker, a resident of Baton Rouge. She was a part of the Long faction and a close friend. Mrs. Parker was born to Racia E. Dickerson, a worker originally from Texas. She grew up in nearby Oakdale in Allen Parish, Miss Dickerson received her bachelors degree in 1941. She was a worker in Allen Parish from 1941 to 1943. During World War II, Miss Dickerson was from 1943 to 1947 the personnel administrator for the United States War Departments Camp Claiborne north of Forest Hill in Rapides Parish. She briefly taught English at the school level and was from 1947 to 1948. In 1948, Earl Long asked Miss Dickerson to narrate his radio campaign speeches, lieutenant Governor Dodd urged Long to appoint Miss Dickerson to the position of executive director of the Louisiana Department of Commerce and Industry. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina won Louisianas electoral votes that year as the nominee of the States Rights Party, but in Louisiana, he was the official Democratic candidate. In 1952, Miss Dickerson ran for the position of register of the state land office. Another Long ticket candidate was the choice for state attorney general, Joseph A. Sims of Hammond, Miss Dickerson was defeated by the anti-Long choice, Ellen Bryan Moore of Baton Rouge, indeed all candidates on the Long statewide slate fell short. Miss Grace, as a Long candidate, but one distrusted by Earl Long for his own reasons and she died in office a year later. Mrs. Moore returned to the post in 1960 and served until 1976, on October 31,1954, Miss Dickerson married William Bryant Parker of Baton Rouge, a son of George Martin and Dorothy May Parker. Sadly, the marriage lasted less than eleven years, for Mr. Parker died in May 1965, the Parkers had two daughters, Mary Bryant Parker Smith and Anne Graham Parker Crochet. Widowed at forty-four, Mrs. Parker did not remarry and she has four grandchildren, Adam Smith, Bryant Smith, Mary Evelyn Smith, and Parker Crochet. She has four great-grandchildren, Summit, David, Caleb, Mrs. Parker was chairman of the White House Conference on Children and Youth in 1960. She headed the Board of Public Welfare from 1956 to 1963 and she was a president of the Louisiana Conference of Social Welfare
12.
Arlington County, Virginia
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Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is coterminous with the U. S. Census Bureau-census-designated place of Arlington, as a result, the county is often referred to in the region simply as Arlington or Arlington, Virginia. In 2015, the population was estimated at 229,164. The land that became Arlington was originally donated by Virginia to the United States government to form part of the new federal district of Columbia. In 1846, Congress returned the land southwest of the Potomac River donated by Virginia due to issues involving Congressional representation, the General Assembly of Virginia changed the countys name to Arlington in 1920 to avoid confusion with the adjacent City of Alexandria. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington. Arlington is also bordered by Fairfax County and City of Falls Church to the northwest, west and southwest, as of the 2010 census, the population was 207,627. Due to the proximity to downtown Washington, D. C. It is also home to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, the many federal agencies, government contractors, and service industries contribute to Arlingtons stable economy. It is the county in the United States by median family income. According to a 2016 study by Bankrate. com, Arlington is the best place to retire, the area that now constitutes Arlington County was originally part of Fairfax County in the Colony of Virginia. Land grants from the British monarch were awarded to prominent Englishmen in exchange for political favors, one of the grantees was Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who lends his name to both Fairfax County and the City of Fairfax. George Washington Parke Custis, grandson of First Lady Martha Washington, the estate was eventually passed down to Mary Anna Custis Lee, wife of General Robert E. Lee. The property later became Arlington National Cemetery during the American Civil War, the area that now contains Arlington County was ceded to the new United States federal government by the Commonwealth of Virginia. With the passage of the Residence Act in 1790, Congress approved a new permanent capital to be located on the Potomac River, the Residence Act originally only allowed the President to select a location within Maryland as far east as what is now the Anacostia River. However, President Washington shifted the federal territorys borders to the southeast in order to include the city of Alexandria at the Districts southern tip. In 1791, Congress amended the Residence Act to approve the new site, however, this amendment to the Residence Act specifically prohibited the erection of the public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the River Potomac. As permitted by the U. S. Constitution, the shape of the federal district was a square, measuring 10 miles on each side
13.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
14.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
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Mitch Landrieu
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Mitchell Joseph Mitch Landrieu is an American politician who is the 61st and current Mayor of New Orleans. Landrieu previously served as the 51st Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana from 2004 to 2010 and he is a member of the Democratic Party. He is the son of former New Orleans mayor and Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Moon Landrieu and the brother of the former U. S. In 2007, he won a term as lieutenant governor in the October 20,2007 nonpartisan blanket primary by defeating two Republicans, State Representative Gary J. Beard and Sammy Kershaw. He was elected Mayor of New Orleans on February 6,2010, garnering 66 percent of the city-wide vote and he was reelected mayor on February 1,2014, with nearly 64 percent of the vote in a three-candidate field. Landrieu was born and raised in the Broadmoor neighborhood of New Orleans, after graduating from Jesuit High School in 1978, he enrolled at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. where he majored in political science and theatre. In 1985 he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Loyola University Law School in New Orleans, Landrieu is married to Cheryl P. Landrieu, also an attorney. The couple has five children, Grace, Emily, Matthew, Benjamin, Landrieu has been a practicing attorney for fifteen years and was president of International Mediation & Arbitration, Ltd. He is a member of the Supreme Court Task Force on Alternative Dispute Resolution which was responsible for developing the pilot program in Orleans Parish. Landrieu is trained in mediation and negotiation by the Harvard Law School Negotiation Project, the American Arbitration Association, Landrieu has also taught alternative dispute resolution as an adjunct professor at Loyola University Law School. Landrieu was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1987, Landrieu led the legislative effort to reform Louisianas juvenile justice system with a focus on rehabilitation and reform as opposed to punishment and incarceration. As lieutenant governor, he continued to chair the Juvenile Justice Commission, in January,2004, Governor Kathleen Blanco endorsed the Commissions recommendations. As an attorney, Landrieu brought a case to court that resulted in the tax being ruled unconstitutional and he continued the fight by bringing the issue to the New Orleans City Council, who voted to repeal the tax. As a legislator, Landrieu sponsored a bill to repeal the law allowed the tax to exist. Landrieu crafted legislation to fund the Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium of New Orleans, one of Landrieus most ambitious projects as Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana has been the creation of the World Cultural Economic Forum. The first WCEF took place in October 2008 and he has carried on this project as mayor and has even established a formal cultural economy office at City Hall. In 1994 Landrieu made a bid for the office of Mayor of New Orleans, the office went to Marc Morial. Mitch Landrieus 2003 campaign for Lieutenant Governor was his first bid for office in Louisiana
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Moon Landrieu
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Maurice Edwin Landrieu, known as Moon Landrieu, is a Democratic politician from Louisiana who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1970 to 1978. He also is a former judge. S, president Jimmy Carter from 1979 to 1981. Moon Landrieu was born in Uptown New Orleans, the son of Loretta and Joseph G. Landrieu, josephs paternal great-grandparents, Geoffroy Stanislas Landrieu and Melanie LeMoine, had immigrated to New Orleans from France in 1848. Maurice acquired the nickname Moon in his childhood and later had his name legally changed. He went to Jesuit High School, a promising athlete, Landrieu won a baseball scholarship at Loyola University New Orleans, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in business administration in 1952 and a law degree in 1954. As an undergraduate, he was elected student body president at Loyola, after a three-year stint in the United States Army, Landrieu opened a law practice and taught accounting at Loyola. In 1954, Landrieu married Verna Satterlee, with whom he had nine children, in the late 1950s, Landrieu became involved in the youth wing of Mayor deLesseps Morrisons Crescent City Democratic Organization. Running on Morrison’s ticket, Moon Landrieu was elected by the 12th Ward of New Orleans to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1960 to succeed J. Marshall Brown. In 1962, Landrieu ran for New Orleans City Council and lost, as councilman, Landrieu also voted to remove the Confederate flag from the council chambers and voted to establish a biracial human relations committee. Moon Landrieu was elected mayor of New Orleans in the election of 1970 to succeed fellow Democrat Victor Schiro and his opponent in the Democratic primary runoff was Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Jimmy Fitzmorris, who was supported by most of the municipal political establishment. Running on a platform, Landrieu won an unexpected victory by assembling a coalition comprising 90 percent of black voters and 39 percent of whites. Perennial candidate Addison Roswell Thompson, the operator of a taxicab stand, in the general election, Landrieu defeated Ben C. Toledano, the only Republican to have made a bid for mayor of New Orleans in the 20th century. In that contest, Landrieus pro-Civil Rights Movement stance was rewarded when he received an overwhelming 99 percent support from black voters. On May 3,1970, the day before he took his oath of office as mayor, Landrieu received a threat by telephone. During his tenure as mayor, Landrieu oversaw desegregation of city government and public facilities as well as encouraging integration within business, when Landrieu took office in 1970, African Americans made up 19 percent of city employees, by 1978, this number had risen to 43 percent. He also appointed Rev. A. L. Davis, a prominent Civil Rights Movement leader, to fill a vacancy on the City Council. Landrieu was also involved in the planning and construction of the Louisiana Superdome, the Piazza dItalia and he advocated the creation of the Downtown Development District to revitalize the New Orleans CBD, and worked to promote the city’s growing tourism industry
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Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, LSU is the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System. In 2015, the university enrolled over 26,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools, several of LSUs graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received recognition in their respective fields of study. LSUs athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports, and is a member of the NCAA, the university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger. Louisiana State University Agricultural & Mechanical College had its origin in land grants made by the United States government in 1806,1811. It was founded as an academy and is still today steeped in military tradition. In 1853, the Louisiana General Assembly established the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana near Pineville in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana. Modeled initially after Virginia Military Institute, the institution opened with five professors and nineteen cadets on January 2,1860, the original location of the Old LSU Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 26,1861, after only a year at the helm, the school closed on June 30,1861, with the start of the American Civil War. During the course of the war, the university reopened briefly in April 1863, the losses sustained by the institution during the Union occupation were heavy, and after 1863 the seminary remained closed for the remainder of the Civil War. Following the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox Court House on April 9,1865 and these cannons had been captured from Confederate forces after the close of the war and had been used during the initial firing upon Fort Sumter in April 1861. The cannons are still displayed in front of LSUs Military Science/Aerospace Studies Building, the seminary officially reopened its doors on October 2,1865, only to be burned October 15,1869. On November 1,1869, the institution resumed its exercises in Baton Rouge, in 1870, the name of the institution was officially changed to Louisiana State University. It temporarily opened in New Orleans, June 1,1874 and this prompted the final name change for the university to the Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. On June 7,1925, Oscar B, turner, a professor of agronomy, was murdered by an axe-wielding assailant on campus. On April 30,1926, the present LSU campus was formally dedicated, prior to this, LSU utilized the quarters of the Institute for the Deaf, Mute, and Blind. Land for the present campus was purchased in 1918, construction started in 1922, the campus was originally designed for 3000 students, but was cut back due to budget problems
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Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
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Centrism
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Centre-left and centre-right politics both involve a general association with centrism combined with leaning somewhat to their respective sides of the spectrum. It has been suggested that individuals vote for centrist parties for purely statistical reasons, Centrists usually support a degree of equal opportunity and economic freedom. They can generally lean conservative on issues and lean liberal on social issues. However, centrism itself is location-dependent and exact policies can vary depending on geographical, Indian National Congress was centrist in its ideology. It is one of the oldest parties in the world, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru the party sought to build a modern secular democratic republic in India. Its support is has different ups and downs from the late 1990s, people change their support base to other political parties but choose it again after period of 5 years. It acts as a party, presently, in Indian Parliament. There have been centrists in both sides of politics, who alongside the various factions within the Liberal and Labor parties. In addition, there are a number of groups that have formed in response to the bipartisan system who uphold centrist ideals. South Australian Senator Nick Xenophon had launched his own centrist political party called the Nick Xenophon Team in 2014, the Palmer United Party has been suggested as being a centrist party as well, however, the party itself does not make such formal claims of being politically centrist. The Australian Sex Party is also a centrist political party and they have just one seat and control the balance of power, with a huge political responsibility within the Victorian Legislative Council since 2014. The New Flemish Alliance is the largest, and since 2009, among French speaking Belgians the Humanist Democratic Centre is a centre-right or centre party as it is considerably less conservative than its Flemish counterpart, Christian Democratic & Flemish. Another party in the centre of the spectrum is the liberal Reformist Movement. The Liberals are currently the largest party in Canadas House of Commons, although, some may argue that the Liberal Party is more of a Centre-Left then a Centrist party. Czech Republic has two main centrist political parties which are currently in the government, liberal ANO and Christian democratic Christian, france has a tradition of parties that call themselves centriste. The most notable centrist party, often also called liberal, was the Union for French Democracy, among its successors belongs the small Centrist Alliance, the most successful of them is the Democratic Movement of François Bayrou, founded in 2007. However, the centrist parties often oppose to the parties such as Socialists. It often support the centre-right Gaullist parties and join several coalitions governed by Jacques Chirac, zentrismus is a term only known to experts, as it is easily confused with Zentralismus, so the usual term in German for the political centre/centrism is politische Mitte
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Radical centrism
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At first it was defined in a variety of ways, but at the beginning of the 21st century a number of texts and think tanks gave the philosophy a more developed cast. The radical in the term refers to a willingness on the part of most radical centrists to call for reform of institutions. The centrism refers to a belief that genuine solutions require realism and pragmatism, not just idealism, thus one radical centrist text defines radical centrism as idealism without illusions, a phrase originally from John F. Kennedy. Most radical centrists borrow what they see as good ideas from left, right, most support market-based solutions to social problems with strong governmental oversight in the public interest. There is support for increased engagement and the growth of an empowered middle class in developing countries. Many radical centrists work within the political parties, but also support independent or third-party initiatives and candidacies. Criticism of radical centrist policies and strategies has mounted as the philosophy has developed. One common criticism is that radical centrist policies are only different from conventional centrist policies. Another criticism is that the radical centrist penchant for third parties is naive, some observers see radical centrism as primarily a process of catalyzing dialogue and fresh thinking among polarized people and groups. Some influences on radical centrist political philosophy are not directly political, however, most commonly cited influences and precursors are from the political realm. One of the first people to develop a positive definition was Renata Adler, in the introduction to her second collection of essays, Toward a Radical Middle, she presented radical centrism as a healing radicalism. It rejected the violent posturing and rhetoric of the 1960s, she said, in favor of such values as reason, decency, prosperity, human dignity. She called for the reconciliation of the working class and African-Americans. In the 1970s, sociologist Donald I, although they might vote for Democrats or Republicans, or for populists like George Wallace, they felt politically homeless and were looking for leaders who would address their concerns. In the 1980s and 1990s, several authors contributed their understandings to the concept of the radical center, for example, futurist Marilyn Ferguson added a holistic dimension to the concept when she said, Radical Center. Is not neutral, not middle-of-the-road, but a view of the whole road, african-American theorist Stanley Crouch upset many political thinkers when he pronounced himself a radical pragmatist. In the 1990s, political independents Jesse Ventura, Angus King, according to John Avlon, they pioneered the combination of fiscal prudence and social tolerance that has served as a model for radical centrist governance ever since. They also developed a style, a combination of common sense
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Social liberalism
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Social liberalism is a political ideology that believes individual liberty requires a level of social justice. Under social liberalism, the good of the community is viewed as harmonious with the freedom of the individual, Social liberal policies have been widely adopted in much of the capitalist world, particularly following World War II. Social liberal ideas and parties tend to be considered centrist or centre-left, a reaction against social liberalism in the late twentieth century, often called neoliberalism, led to monetarist economic policies and a reduction in government provision of services. However, governments continued to provide services and retained control over economic policy. In American political usage, the social liberalism describes progressive stances on socio-political issues like abortion, same-sex marriage or gun control. A social liberal in this sense may hold either liberal or conservative views on fiscal policy, some Victorian writers—including Charles Dickens, Thomas Carlyle, and Matthew Arnold—became early influential critics of social injustice. John Stuart Mill contributed enormously to liberal thought by combining elements of liberalism with what eventually became known as the new liberalism. More positive and proactive measures were required to ensure that individual would have an equal opportunity of success. What they proposed is now called social liberalism, in their view, the poverty, squalor and ignorance in which many people lived made it impossible for freedom and individuality to flourish. New Liberals believed that conditions could be ameliorated only through collective action coordinated by a strong, welfare-oriented. What was new in these reforms was the assumption that the state could be a positive force. Was not how much the state left people alone, but whether he gave them the capacity to fill themselves as individuals, schulze-Delitzsch is also known as the founding father of the German cooperative movement and is credited as the organiser of the worlds first credit unions. But their ideas found relatively few supporters among the liberal politicians, one of the first German authors to propose the term and concept of social liberalism was the historian and economist Ignaz Jastrow. He published the manifesto Social-liberal, Tasks for Liberalism in Prussia in 1893 and this project was however rejected by Social Democrats and failed. Naumann called this a proletarian-bourgeois integral liberalism, the new group advocated, among other things, increased social welfare legislation, the right to strike, and profit-sharing in industry. Although the party was unable to win any seats and soon dissolved, the left-liberal German Democratic Party during the Weimar Republic included both classically and economically liberal and social-liberal currents. They explained that a division of labor caused greater opportunity and individualism. They argued that the individual had a debt to society, promoting progressive taxation to support public works, however, they wanted the state to coordinate rather than to manage, and they encouraged cooperative insurance schemes among individuals
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Third Way
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The Third Way is promoted by some social democratic and social liberal movements. Major Third Way social democratic proponent Tony Blair claimed that the socialism he advocated was different from conceptions of socialism. Blair said My kind of socialism is a set of values based around notions of social justice, socialism as a rigid form of economic determinism has ended, and rightly. Blair in 2009 publicly declared support for a new capitalism, the Third Way has been criticized by some conservatives and libertarians who advocate laissez-faire capitalism. It has also heavily criticized by many social democrats, democratic socialists, anarchists and communists in particular as a betrayal of left-wing values. Specific definitions of Third Way policies may differ between Europe and America, the term Third Way has been used to explain a variety of political courses and ideologies in the last few centuries. These ideas were implemented by progressives in the early 20th century, the term Third Way was picked up again in the 1950s by German ordoliberal economists such as Wilhelm Röpke, resulting in the development of the concept of the social market economy. Later Röpke distanced himself from the term and located the market economy as first way in the sense of an advancement of the free market economy. Most significantly, Harold Macmillan, British Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963, based his philosophy of government on what he entitled in a book, the Third Way has been defined as. Something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its belief in the merits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management. Anthony Giddens of the LSE the Third Way rejects top down socialism as it rejects traditional neo liberalism, a variant of the Third Way exists which approaches the centre from a social democratic perspective. It advocates ethical socialism, reformism, gradualism - that includes advocating the humanization of capitalism, an economy, political pluralism. It has been advocated by proponents as a competition socialism - an ideology in between traditional socialism and capitalism, in defining the Third Way, Tony Blair once wrote “The Third Way stands for a modernized social democracy, passionate in its commitment to social justice. Keating also proposed a Goods and Services Tax in 1985, however this was scrapped due to its unpopularity amongst both Labor and electorate, the Whitlam government was first to use the term economic rationalism. The Gough Whitlam Labor government from 1972 to 1975 changed from a democratic socialism platform to social democracy, under the Whitlam government, tariffs across the board were cut by 25 percent after 23 years of Labor being in opposition. Former Labor Prime Minister Kevin Rudds first speech to parliament in 1998 stated, Competitive markets are massive and they must therefore have a central place in the management of the economy. But markets sometimes fail, requiring direct government intervention through instruments such as industry policy, there are also areas where the public good dictates that there should be no market at all. We are not afraid of a vision in the Labor Party, parties of the Centre Left around the world are wrestling with a similar challenge—the creation of a competitive economy while advancing the overriding imperative of a just society
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Bruce Babbitt
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Bruce Edward Babbitt is an American politician from the state of Arizona. A member of the Democratic Party, Babbitt served as the 16th governor of Arizona from 1978 to 1987, Babbitt was born in Flagstaff, Arizona, the son of Frances B. and Paul James Babbitt, Sr. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame, attended Newcastle University in the United Kingdom on a Marshall Scholarship and he married Harriet Coons in 1968. She has worked as an attorney in Arizona and Washington, D. C, in the state election of November 1974, Babbitt overcame Republican incumbent Warner Lee to become Attorney General of Arizona. He succeeded Wesley Bolin as governor when Bolin died in office on March 4,1978, Arizona does not have a lieutenant governor, the Arizona Secretary of State, if holding office by election, stands first in line in case the governor vacates his or her post. However, Rose Mofford, then secretary of state, had appointed to her post. Babbitt, as general, was next in the line of succession. Babbitt was elected for a full term later in 1978. He did not run for a term in 1986. The church, which had been implicated in bomb-making, would play a role in the Miracle Valley shootout later that year. In 1983, Babbitt sent the Arizona National Guard to the strike against the Phelps Dodge mining company in Morenci, with the retirement of Republican Barry Goldwater from the U. S. Senate in 1986, many in Arizona expected Babbitt to oppose Representative John McCain for the seat. In a surprise press conference in 1985, Babbitt instead announced he would forgo the Senate race to concentrate on a White House bid in 1988, Babbitt is the only Arizona governor to have completed two four-year terms with nine years of service. George W. P. Hunt is Arizonas longest-serving governor, however, with 17 years of total service, Babbitt spoke at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, which nominated incumbent Jimmy Carter as the Democratic candidate for president. Among his proposals was a sales tax to remedy the then-record budget deficits piled up during the several past administrations. He enjoyed positive press attention, but after finishing out of the top tier of candidates in the Iowa caucuses and New Hampshire primary, he dropped out of the race. In an intentional reference to Richard Nixon, Babbitt joked in his last campaign press conference that the media wont have Bruce Babbitt to puff up anymore, the Washington Post reported that Babbitt dropped this line from the prepared text of his withdrawal speech. After leading the League of Conservation Voters, Babbitt served for eight years, 1993–2001, Babbitt worked to protect scenic and historic areas of Americas federal public lands. In 1993, Babbitt was seriously considered by President Clinton to replace retiring United States Supreme Court Justice Byron White, due to his lead on environmental issues, however, Clinton nominated Ruth Bader Ginsburg instead
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Evan Bayh
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Birch Evans Evan Bayh III is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as the junior U. S. Senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011 and he earlier served as the 46th Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997. Bayh first held office as the Secretary of State of Indiana. He held the position for two years before being elected Governor. He left his office after completing two terms and briefly took a job lecturing at Indiana University Bloomington, before being elected to the U. S. Senate seat once held by his father, Birch Bayh. On February 15,2010, Bayh unexpectedly announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate in 2010 and he was a part-time contributor for Fox News from March 2011 to July 2016. In June 2011 he became an adviser for the U. S. Chamber of Commerce. On October 27,2011, it was announced that Berry Plastics Corp. had appointed Bayh to its board of directors, Bayh also serves on the board of directors of Marathon Petroleum, the 2011 spin-off from Marathon Oil. Following the withdrawal of 2016 Democratic primary winner Baron Hill, Bayh announced that he would be running to back his old Senate seat from retiring Republican incumbent Dan Coats. He was defeated by Todd Young in the election by a comfortable margin. Bayh was born in Shirkieville, Indiana, the son of Marvella Bayh and Birch Evans Bayh, Senator from 1963 until his 1981 defeat by then-Representative and future Vice President Dan Quayle. Bayh attended St. Albans School in Washington, D. C. at Indiana, he became a member of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternitys Indiana Beta chapter. Bayh has an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Golden Gate University School of Law in California and he received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1981, and clerked for a federal judge before entering private law practice in Indianapolis. Bayh and his wife, Susan, have twin sons, born in 1995, Susan Bayh serves on numerous corporate boards, including health insurance giant Anthem. After a debate whether he met the states five-year residency requirement to be on the ballot, Bayh was elected Secretary of State of Indiana in 1986. Bayh was first elected Governor of Indiana in 1988, defeating former Kokomo Mayor Steve Daily in the Democratic primary, Bayh was the first Democrat to serve as Governor of Indiana in 20 years. Bayh defeated Republican John Mutz in the general election, Bayh was re-elected governor in 1992 with 63% of the vote. He defeated State Attorney General Linley E. Pearson, a Republican, by the end of his second term, Bayh had an approval rating of nearly 80 percent
25.
John Carney (politician)
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John Charles Carney Jr. is an American politician who is the 74th and current Governor of Delaware since January 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the U. S, representative for Delawares at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2017 prior to his governorship. Carney was also the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware from 2001 to 2009 and he first unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Governor of Delaware in 2008, losing to Jack Markell. He ran for Governor of Delaware again in 2016 and won to succeed Markell, Carney was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Ann Marie and John Charles Jack Carney. Carney was quarterback of the 1973 state championship St, marks High School football team, and earned All-Ivy League and Most Valuable Player honors in football at Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1978. While a student at Dartmouth, he joined the local Beta Alpha Omega fraternity and he later coached freshman football at the University of Delaware, while earning his masters degree in public administration. Carney has served as Deputy Chief Administrative Officer of New Castle County and as Secretary of Finance and he was first elected Lieutenant Governor of Delaware in 2000 and served from January 16,2001 until January 20,2009. As Lieutenant Governor Carney presided over the Delaware State Senate and chaired the Board of Pardons, in 2002 he launched the education initiative Models of Excellence in Education to identify practices in schools that have raised student achievement. Carney was also selected by other Lieutenant Governors as chairman of the National Lieutenant Governors Association from July 2004 to July 2005 and he fought for Delawares public smoking ban to improve health, cut cancer rates, and discourage teens from starting to smoke. He planned to step down in early 2010 to concentrate on his U. S. House campaign, Carney sought the Democratic nomination for the office of Governor in 2008, as incumbent Governor Ruth Ann Minner was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term. 2010 Carney was the Democratic Party nominee for Delawares at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2010, Carney faced Republican Glen Urquhart, Independent Party of Delaware Earl R. Lofland, Libertarian Brent A. Wangen, and Blue Enigma Jeffrey Brown. The seat had been held since 1993 by Republican Michael Castle, days before the election, a second Fairleigh Dickinson poll showed Carney leading by 17 percentage points, 53% to 36% among likely voters. Carney won the seat by 16 points, 57%-41%, and took office on January 3 of 2011 and his victory was one of the three seats gained by the Democrats in a year where they suffered a net loss of 63 seats to the Republicans. 2012 In his bid for a term, Carney faced Republican Tom Kovach, the President of New Castle County. In a debate with Kovach, Carney stated, I will continue to do in Washington what I did in Delaware, I learned early on that compromise is part of life. Speaking on the Affordable Care Act, Carney stated that it is not perfect, Carney was re-elected in a landslide, with 64% of the vote to Kovachs 33%. 2014 Carney ran for re-election to a term in 2014. He defeated Republican Rose Izzo by 59% to 37%, with Green Bernie August, in 2011, Carney and Illinois Republican Aaron Schock co-sponsored a bill that would use U. S. oil exploration to help fund a five-year federal highway construction project
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Tom Carper
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Thomas Richard Tom Carper is the senior United States Senator from Delaware, serving since 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993 and was the 71st Governor of Delaware from 1993 to 2001, a native of Danville, Virginia, Carper graduated from Ohio State University. Serving as a Naval Flight Officer in the U. S. Navy from 1968 until 1973, he flew the P-3 Orion as a Tactical Coordinator/Mission Commander and saw active duty in the Vietnam War. After leaving the active duty Navy, he remained in the U. S. Naval Reserve for another 18 years, upon receiving his MBA from the University of Delaware in 1975, Carper went to work for the State of Delaware in its economic development office. He was elected State Treasurer, serving from 1977 to 1983, encouraged by local politicians, Carper successfully ran for Delawares only seat in the U. S. House of Representatives in 1982. He served five terms in the House, where he chaired the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization, in 1992 he arranged a swap with term-limited Governor Michael Castle, and the two were easily elected to each others seats. Carper governed for two terms as a moderate, business-oriented New Democrat, following the lead of the two previous Republican governors and he successfully prevented the closing of a General Motors automobile plant and won a bid for the headquarters of pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca. He led a campaign and helped improve the states credit rating from among the worst in the nation to an excellent AAA. He pushed for standards-based education, among other reforms, Carper was elected to the U. S. Senate in 2000, beating Republican incumbent William V. Roth, Jr. He was re-elected by landslides in 2006 and 2012, Carper is currently the dean of the Delaware congressional delegation. Carper was born in Beckley, West Virginia, the son of Mary Jean and he grew up in Danville, Virginia and graduated from Whetstone High School in Columbus, Ohio. He then graduated from the Ohio State University in 1968, where he was a midshipman in the Naval ROTC, at Ohio State, Carper became a member of the Beta Phi Chapter of the Delta Tau Delta Fraternity. Serving as a Naval Flight Officer in the U. S. Navy from 1968 until 1973 and he remained in the U. S. Naval Reserve as a P-3 aircraft mission commander for another 18 years and retired with the rank of Captain. Meanwhile, he moved to Delaware and earned a MBA from the University of Delaware in 1975, after which he went to work for the economic development office for the State of Delaware. Carper has been married twice, first in 1978, to Diane Beverly Isaacs, a former Miss Delaware, following a 1983 divorce, he married Martha Ann Stacy in 1985, and with her he had two children, Christopher and Benjamin. The family are members of Westminster Presbyterian Church in Wilmington, Delaware, while in college at the Ohio State University, Carper worked on the presidential campaign of U. S. Senator Eugene McCarthy, the Minnesota peace candidate, in Delaware he worked as the campaign treasurer for University of Delaware professor James R. Soles in his unsuccessful 1974 bid for the U. S. House of Representatives. After receiving his MBA degree in 1975, Carper went to work for the State of Delawares economic development office
27.
Lawton Chiles
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Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. was an American politician from the U. S. state of Florida. He served as a United States Senator from 1971 to 1989, a Korean War veteran, Chiles later returned to Florida for law school and eventually opened his own private practice in 1955. Three years later, Chiles entered politics with a bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1958. By 1966, Chiles left the Florida House to run for the Florida Senate, despite 12 years in the Florida Legislature, Chiles was relatively unknown when he decided to bid for United States Senate in 1970. He embarked on a 1, 003-mile walk from Pensacola to Key West for his campaign and it was successful and Chiles defeated his opponent William C. Chiles retired from the United States Senate and from politics entirely in 1989, however, supporters convinced him to run for Governor of Florida in 1990 against the unpopular incumbent Bob Martinez, and Chiles defeated Martinez by a 13-point margin. During his first term as Governor of Florida, Lawton Chiles brought reform to health care in the state, Chiles faced a tough re-election bid in 1994 against Jeb Bush, who was a businessman and son of former President of the United States George H. W. Bush. Chiles prevailed over Bush by fewer than 64,000 votes, in his second term, Chiles was known for his reforms to education in Florida. On December 12,1998, he suffered an attack and died at the Florida Governors Mansion. Chiles was born in Polk County, Florida near Lakeland, the son of Margaret Kate and he attended public school at Lakeland High School, then the University of Florida at Gainesville. At the University of Florida, he was active in student politics, Chiles was a member of Phi Delta Phi International Legal Honor Society Cockrell Inn and was inducted into both the university Hall of Fame and Florida Blue Key. He was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, following his college years, Chiles entered the Korean War, commissioned as an artillery officer in the United States Army. After the war, Chiles returned to the University of Florida for law school, from which he graduated in 1955, he passed the bar exam that year. In 1958, Chiles, a Democrat, was elected to the Florida House of Representatives and it was essentially still a one-party state, as most African Americans were disfranchised by a constitution and laws passed since the turn of the century. Chiles served in the House until 1966, when he was elected to a seat in the state senate, while in the State Senate, Chiles served on the 1968 Florida Law Revision Commission. During his time in the legislature, Chiles continued to work as a lawyer and developer in Lakeland. He was one of the investors in the Red Lobster restaurant chain. He was a member of the Florida Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, in 1970, Chiles decided to run for a seat in the United States Senate
28.
Bill Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
29.
Hillary Clinton
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Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician who was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, and the Democratic Partys nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. Born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969, after serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975. In 1977, she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families and she was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm the following year. As First Lady of Arkansas, she led a force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansass public schools. As First Lady of the United States, Clinton fought for gender equality, because her marriage survived the Lewinsky scandal, her role as first lady drew a polarized response from the public. Clinton was elected in 2000 as the first female senator from New York and she was re-elected to the Senate in 2006. Running for president in 2008, she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate, as Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013, Clinton responded to the Arab Spring, during which she advocated the U. S. military intervention in Libya. Leaving office after Obamas first term, she wrote her book and undertook speaking engagements. Clinton made a presidential run in 2016. She became the first female candidate to be nominated for president by a major U. S. political party, despite winning a plurality of the national popular vote, Clinton lost the Electoral College and the presidency to her Republican rival Donald Trump. Hillary Diane Rodham was born on October 26,1947, at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. In 1995, Clinton claimed that her mother had named her after Sir Edmund Hillary, co-first mountaineer to scale Mount Everest, however, the Everest climb did not take place until 1953, more than five years after Clinton was born. Clinton was raised in a United Methodist family, living first in Chicago and her father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham, was of English and Welsh descent, and managed a small but successful textile business. Her mother, Dorothy Emma Howell, was a homemaker of Dutch, English, French Canadian, Scottish, Clinton has two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony. As a child, Rodham was a student of her teachers at the public schools that she attended in Park Ridge. She participated in such as swimming and baseball, and earned numerous badges as a Brownie. She attended Maine East High School, where she participated in the student council, the school newspaper, and was selected for the National Honor Society
30.
Gerry Connolly
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Gerald Edward Gerry Connolly is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginias 11th congressional district, first elected in 2008. Policy in El Salvador, Central America, Israel and the Persian Gulf region, from 1989 through 1997 he was Vice President of the Washington Office of SRI International. He was also Director of Community Relations for SAIC, in local politics, Gerry served on the Fairfax Government Reorganization Commission from 1992 through 1993. In 1995 he was elected Providence District Supervisor, serving for nine years, a rematch against Devolites in November of that same year saw Connolly reelected to a full four-year term on the Board. Connolly ran unopposed for re-election in November 1999, in 2003, he was elected Chairman of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors and was reelected in 2007. He served as Chairman of the Countys Legislative Committee and Vice-Chair of the Economic Advisory Committee and he also chaired the regions Emergency Preparedness Taskforce and represented Fairfax County on the Board of the Virginia Association of Counties, where he also served as president. It is a bill that would make changes and reforms to the current framework that manages how the federal government buys new technology. One of the requirements would be that the government develop a plan for its acquisitions. The bill would increase the power of existing Chief Information Officers within federal agencies so that they could be more effective. Each agency would also be reduced to having only one CIO in the agency, the bill would also require the federal government to make use of private sector best practices. The bill is intended to reduce IT procurement related waste and it passed the House in a voice vote on February 25,2014. Government Reports Elimination Act of 2014 - as the member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. It is a bill that would eliminate approximately 100 required federal agency reports that are considered redundant or wasteful. The bill passed in the House in a vote on April 28,2014. He voted against the Stupak Amendment to the Affordable Care Act, during the budget amendments process in 2011, he voted against an amendment that would have prevented taxpayer funds from going to Planned Parenthood. Additionally, he voted for all of the 2010 governmental appropriations bills and he was a cosponsor of pay-as-you-go budget legislation that was signed into law in February 2010. In May,2011, Connolly voted to increase the debt ceiling and it was his third such vote. Connolly voted in favor of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, in 2010, he voted in favor of ending a moratorium on deepwater drilling rigs that met certain safety standards
31.
Jim Davis (Florida politician)
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James Oscar Jim Davis III is an American politician from the U. S. state of Florida. He is a Democrat and served in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1997 to 2007 and he was the Democratic nominee for governor of Florida in the 2006 election, but was defeated by Republican Charlie Crist. Davis was born in Tampa, Florida and he graduated from Jesuit High School of Tampa in 1975, and attended Washington and Lee University, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1979. He later attended the University of Floridas College of Law, received his Juris Doctor law degree in 1982 and he later credited his grandfather as an important influence on his life. Davis worked as a lawyer in practice from 1982 to 1988. Davis was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1989 and served until 1996, Davis entered the race for the Tampa-based 11th District in 1996, after Sam Gibbons—the districts only congressman since its creation in 1963—announced his retirement. Although Gibbons had endorsed Davis as his successor, Davis finished second in a four-way Democratic primary behind former Tampa mayor Sandy Freedman and he won the runoff with 56 percent of the vote. He faced Republican Mark Sharpe in the general election, the race was initially thought to be close, especially since Sharpe had nearly defeated Gibbons in 1994 and held him to 52 percent in 1992. However, Davis won by a convincing 15-point margin, largely due to Bill Clinton carrying the district, after defeating an underfunded Republican in 1998, Davis faced only a Libertarian candidate in 2000 and 2004 and was completely unopposed in 2002. Davis was one of the co-chairs of the New Democrat Coalition in the House of Representatives, the New Democrat Coalition is affiliated with the centrist Democratic Leadership Council. On October 10,2002, Jim Davis was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq, Davis announced his candidacy for governor of Florida in 2005 and won the Democratic primary held on September 5,2006. He defeated then-state Senator Rod Smith by a margin of 46 percent to 42 percent. He received the endorsements of former U. S. President Bill Clinton, U. S. senator for Florida Bill Nelson, U. S. senator for Illinois Barack Obama, former Governor and he lost the race to Attorney General Charlie Crist by a margin of 52-45. As of 2007, Davis is employed at Holland & Knight in Tampa, in 2010, Davis was a member of and public speaker for Moving Hillsborough Forward, an organization formed to help pass a transit tax referendum on the general election ballot in Hillsborough County. Though there was speculation that he might potentially run for Mayor of Tampa in 2011. Though then-Mayor Pam Iorio declared that Davis would be an excellent successor, Davis is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. Daviss wife is Peggy Bessent Davis, the couple have two children, Peter and William. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
32.
Susan Davis (politician)
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Susan Carol Alpert Davis is the U. S. Representative for Californias 53rd congressional district, serving since 2001 and she is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes central and eastern portions of the city of San Diego, as well as suburbs such as El Cajon, La Mesa, Spring Valley. Davis was born Susan Carol Alpert in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the daughter of Dorothy M. Dora, all of her grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia. She has spent most of her life in California and she graduated from the University of California, Berkeley where she was a member of Delta Phi Epsilon sorority. She earned a degree in social work from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her husband Steve Davis was a doctor in the Air Force during the Vietnam War, after returning to California, she became a social worker in San Diego. Davis was elected to the San Diego School Board in 1983 and she served there until 1992, spending eight years of the time as president or vice president of the body. In 1994, she was elected to the California State Assembly, in the Assembly, Davis chaired the Committee on Consumer Protection, Government Efficiency and Economic Development. She authored a law giving women direct access to their OB/Gyn doctors without requiring a referral from their primary care physicians. In 2000, Davis challenged three-term Republican incumbent Brian Bilbray in what was then the 49th District and her district was renumbered the 53rd District after the 2000 Census redistricting. She has been reelected six times without much difficulty and she is the first Democrat to represent what is now the 53rd district for more than one term in over half a century. The only other Democrat to represent this district since the Harry Truman administration, Davis has introduced a federal version of the California OB/Gyn law she authored at the start of every Congress since she was elected. Provisions of her OB/Gyn bill were included in the health reform bill enacted into law. Davis is a member of the New Democrat Coalition and portrays herself as working across party lines and she serves on the House Armed Services Committee, where she is the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. She also serves on the Education and Workforce Committee and the Committee on House Administration, in 2012, Davis filed a lawsuit to recover over $150,000 in campaign funds from her former campaign treasurer, Kinde Durkee. Durkee was later sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud after pleading guilty to stealing seven million dollars more than fifty people
33.
Cal Dooley
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Calvin M. Cal Dooley, American politician, was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2005, representing the 17th and 20th districts of California. Born in Visalia, California, he grew up on his parents farm several miles east of Hanford, Dooley earned his bachelors degree in agricultural economics from the University of California, Davis in 1977 and a masters degree in Management from Stanford University in 1987. Dooley worked as a rancher and then as an assistant for California State Senator Rose Ann Vuich from 1987 to 1990. In mid-1990, Dooley won the Democratic primary for what was then the 17th District, although Pashayan had been reelected with 71 percent of the vote in 1988, he was bogged down by the House banking scandal, and Dooley defeated him by just over 9 points. In 1992, his district was renumbered as the 20th District and he was easily reelected that year and five more times after that. He faced only one truly serious contest, when Republican Rich Rodriguez managed to hold him to 53 percent of the vote, a New Democrat, his voting record was considered moderate, as is typical for Democrats from the Central Valley. Dooley announced his retirement in 2004 and endorsed his Chief of Staff, Lisa Quigley, however, most of the rest of the state Democratic establishment endorsed Jim Costa, a former state legislator from the Fresno area. This touched off a primary battle which was won by Costa, all. On October 10,2002, Cal Dooley was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq and he has later said that he regrets this vote. As of September,2008, Dooley assumed the position of CEO of the American Chemistry Council, previously, having served as the President and CEO of the Food Products Association, Dooley assumed the same roles at the Grocery Manufacturers Association, following a merger with the FPA. GMA is a Washington-based trade association representing food manufacturers, Dooley is married to the former Linda Phillips, who heads the Bryce Harlow Foundation in Washington DC. The couple has two daughters, Brooke Ybarra, who works for the government, and Emily Dooley. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
34.
John Edwards
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Johnny Reid John Edwards is a former American politician who served as a U. S. He was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, and was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004 and 2008, Edwards defeated incumbent Republican Lauch Faircloth in North Carolinas 1998 Senate election. Towards the end of his single term, he sought the Democratic Partys nomination in the 2004 presidential election. He eventually became the 2004 Democratic candidate for president, the running mate of presidential nominee Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts. Following Kerrys loss to incumbent President George W, the Justice Department dropped the remaining charges and did not attempt to retry Edwards. Edwards was born June 10,1953, to Wallace Reid Edwards and Catharine Juanita Bobbie Edwards in Seneca, a football star in high school, Edwards was the first person in his family to attend college. He attended Clemson University and transferred to North Carolina State University, Edwards graduated with high honors earning a bachelors degree in textile technology in 1974, and later earned his Juris Doctor from the University of North Carolina School of Law with honors. Lamar Alexander, a Republican and future governor of and U. S, Senator from Tennessee, was among Edwardss co-workers. The Edwards family returned to North Carolina in 1981, settling in the capital of Raleigh where he joined the firm of Tharrington, Smith & Hargrove. He offered the plaintiffs $3.25 million, half of the jurys award, winning this case established the North Carolina precedent of physician and hospital liability for failing to determine if the patient understood the risks of a particular procedure. After this trial, Edwards gained national attention as a plaintiffs lawyer and he filed at least twenty similar lawsuits in the years following and achieved verdicts and settlements of more than $60 million for his clients. Similar lawsuits followed across the country, in 1993, Edwards began his own firm in Raleigh with a friend, David Kirby. He became known as the top plaintiffs attorney in North Carolina, the biggest case of his legal career was a 1996 product liability lawsuit against Sta-Rite, the manufacturer of a defective pool drain cover. Despite 12 prior suits with similar claims, Sta-Rite continued to make, Sta-Rite protested that an additional warning would have made no difference because the pool owners already knew the importance of keeping the cover secured. In his closing arguments, Edwards spoke to the jury for an hour and a half and referenced his son, Wade, mark Dayton, editor of North Carolina Lawyers Weekly, would later call it the most impressive legal performance I have ever seen. The jury awarded the family $25 million, the largest personal injury award in North Carolina history, the company settled for the $25 million while the jury was deliberating additional punitive damages, rather than risk losing an appeal. For their part in this case, Edwards and law partner David Kirby earned the Association of Trial Lawyers of Americas national award for public service, the size of the jury award was unprecedented, and Edwards did receive the standard one-third-plus-expenses fee typical of contingency cases. The family was so impressed with his intelligence and commitment that they volunteered for his Senate campaign the next year, in December 2003, during his first presidential campaign, Edwards published Four Trials, an autobiographical book focusing on cases from his legal career
35.
Harold Ford Jr.
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He is the son of former Congressman Harold Ford Sr. who held the same seat for 22 years. In 2006, Ford made a bid for the US Senate seat vacated by retiring Bill Frist. He is a member of the Ford political family from Memphis, Ford was the last chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council. Since 2011, Ford has worked for Morgan Stanley as a Managing Director and he also regularly appears on television on political-related programs, such as NBCs Meet the Press, MSNBC, CNN, CNBC. He and his live in New York City and have a daughter, Georgia Walker. Ford also wrote a book, More Davids Than Goliaths, A Political Education, Ford is the eldest son of former Representative Harold Ford Sr. and Dorothy Bowles Ford. He has two brothers, Jake and Isaac, as well as two half-siblings, Andrew and Ava, from his fathers second marriage, the Ford family has long been prominent in Memphis African-American community. Ford, established a home, which gave the family a broad network in the community. Crump, a prominent white Democrat, dominated city and state politics in the early 20th century, Ford lived the first years of his life within the living quarters of his family-owned business N. J. Ford And Sons Funeral Home, which at the time was located in the Riverside neighborhood and he was baptized at his family church, Mt. Moriah-East Baptist Church. He went on to earn a B. A. in American history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1992, after graduation Ford went into the government, serving as a staff aide to the Senate Budget Committee. In 1993 he became assistant at the United States Department of Commerce. Ford returned to college for a J. D. from the University of Michigan Law School in 1996, during his campaign for the House of Representatives, he sat for and failed the Tennessee bar exam, he has said that he intends to try again. As was expected, he won the Democratic primary, followed by his election in November. Taking office at the age of 26, he was one of the youngest members of Congress in US history and he was reelected four times without substantive Republican opposition, by an average of 80 percent of the vote. In 2000, Ford was the speaker for the 2000 Democratic National Convention supporting then Vice President Al Gore for the Democratic nomination for President. On November 4,1999, Ford voted in favor of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, on October 10,2002, he was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq. Ford was defeated but exceeded expectations in the amount of support he received
36.
Dick Gephardt
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Richard Andrew Dick Gephardt is an American politician who served as a United States Representative from Missouri from 1977 to 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, he was House Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995 and he ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 1988 and 2004. Gephardt was mentioned as a vice presidential nominee in 1988,1992,2000,2004. Since his retirement from politics, Gephardt has become a significant lobbyist, Gephardt was born into a family in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Loreen Estelle and Louis Andrew Gephardt, a Teamster milkman, part of his ancestry is German. He graduated from the former Southwest High School in 1958, Gephardt is an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He earned his B. S. at Northwestern University in 1962 where he was president of Beta Theta Pi, the student senate and he earned his J. D. at the University of Michigan Law School in 1965. In 1965, he was admitted to the Missouri Bar and he then entered the Missouri Air National Guard, where he served until 1971. He and his wife Jane have three children, Matt, Katie, and Chrissy. His brother, Donald L. Gephardt, is the Dean of The College of Fine and Performing Arts at Rowan University in Glassboro, in 1976, Gephardt was elected to Congress from the St. Louis-based 3rd District, succeeding 24-year incumbent Leonor Sullivan. He was elected 13 more times, opting not to run for reelection in 2004, for most of his Congressional career, Gephardts National Political Director was St. Louis-based political consultant Joyce Aboussie. Gephardt was a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 1988 presidential election. Gephardt ran hard and early in 1987–88 and finally started moving ahead in Iowa after running the Hyundai ad that criticized what he thought were unfair trade barriers by Korea and Japan. Gephardt won the Iowa caucuses and South Dakota primary in February while finishing a second in New Hampshire which made him one of the serious contenders for the nomination. His campaign ran out of money after losing badly in the March Super Tuesday primaries, an ad aired by the campaign of Governor Michael Dukakis focused on Gephardts flip-flopping voting record, and showed a Gephardt look-alike doing forward and backward flips for the camera. Many felt that the ad killed any chance Gephardt had of winning the nomination, Gephardt dropped out after winning only 13% in Michigan, despite support from the United Auto Workers. Dukakis considered Gephardt for his mate, but chose Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. Gephardt served in that position until January 1995, in the 1996,1998, and 2000 elections, Gephardt led the Democrats to gains in the House, although they did not retake the majority until 2006, after Gephardt had left Congress. Gephardt was considered a keen politician who worked hard at passing legislation, defending traditional Democratic principles, during the impeachment proceedings of President Clinton, Gephardt led a walkout in the House after a censure motion was ruled irrelevant to the impeachment debate
37.
Al Gore
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Albert Arnold Al Gore Jr. is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Clintons running mate in their campaign in 1992. At the end of Clintons second term, Gore was picked as the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election, after leaving office, Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. Gore was an official for 24 years. He was a Congressman from Tennessee and from 1985 to 1993 served as one of the states Senators and he served as Vice President during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001. In the 2000 presidential election, in what was one of the closest presidential races in history, Gore won the popular vote but lost in the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush. A controversial election dispute over a vote recount in Florida was settled by the U. S. Supreme Court, and a senior adviser to Google. Gore is also a partner in the capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. He has served as a professor at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University. He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute, Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006. In 2007, he was named a runner-up for Times 2007 Person of the Year, Gore was born in Washington, D. C. the second of two children of Albert Gore Sr. a U. S. Representative who later served for 18 years as U. S, Senator from Tennessee, and Pauline Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. Gore is partly descended from Scots-Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia in the mid-17th-century and his older sister Nancy LaFon Gore, who was born in 1938, died of lung cancer in 1984. During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in the Embassy Row section in Washington D. C, during the summer months, he worked on the family farm in Carthage, Tennessee, where the Gores grew tobacco and hay and raised cattle. Gore attended St. Albans School, an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D. C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the Ivy League. He was the captain of the team, threw discus for the track and field team, and participated in basketball, art. He graduated 25th in his class of 51, applied to one college, Harvard. Gore met Mary Elizabeth Tipper Aitcheson from the nearby St. Agnes School at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965
38.
Bob Graham
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Daniel Robert Bob Graham is an American politician and author. As a member of the American Democratic Party, he was the 38th governor of Florida from 1979 to 1987, Graham ran for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination, but dropped out of the race on October 6,2003. He announced his retirement from the Senate on November 3 of that year, Graham now works at the newly established Bob Graham Center for Public Service at his undergraduate alma mater, the University of Florida. He also served as Chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD proliferation, through the WMD policy center he advocates for the recommendations in the Commissions report, World at Risk. In 2011 Graham published his first novel, the thriller The Keys to the Kingdom, Graham has written three nonfiction books, Workdays, Finding Florida on the Job, Intelligence Matters, and America, The Owners Manual. Graham was born in Coral Gables, Florida, the son of Hilda Elizabeth, a schoolteacher, and Ernest R. Graham, a Florida state senator, mining engineer and he is the youngest of four children. His siblings are Philip Graham, former publisher of the Washington Post, William Graham of Miami Lakes, Florida and he married Adele Khoury, of Miami Shores, in 1959. They have four daughters, Gwen Graham, Cissy Graham McCullough, Suzanne Graham Gibson, the Grahams also have 11 grandchildren. Bob Graham attended Miami Senior High School from 1952 to 1955 and he was International Trustee of the Key Club, the Kiwanis service organization. While at Miami High Graham was the recipient of the Sigma Chi Award and he went on to receive an LLB from Harvard Law School in 1962. His eldest brother, Philip, was also a Harvard Law alum, Graham was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1966 and reelected in 1967 and 1968, each time representing all of Dade County. He was elected to the Florida Senate in 1970, also from Dade County, redistricted into a seat encompassing portions of northern Dade and southern Broward County, Graham was reelected to District 33 in 1972 and 1976. Bob Grahams campaign trademark was to work a full day at various jobs that represented Floridas constituents. He began his Workdays in 1974, teaching a semester of civics at Miami Carol City Senior High School in Miami while serving in the Florida Senate, at that time, Bob Graham was chairman of the Education Committee. After a speech, M. Sue Riley, an English teacher at Carol City, approached Bob Graham and said, Bob Graham was taken aback at that assertion and asked, Well, what can I do about that. A few months later, Ms. Riley contacted Senator Graham with a proposal to teach the next semester of civics, following that teaching experience, he performed 102 additional work days during his successful 1978 gubernatorial campaign. Graham has continued doing workdays throughout his tenure as governor and in the United States Senate and his jobs have included service as a police officer, busboy, railroad engineer, construction worker, fisherman, garbageman, factory worker, and teacher. 365, he checked in customers, handled baggage and helped serve passengers on US Airways, Bob Graham was elected Governor of Florida in 1978 after a seven-way Democratic primary race in which he initially placed second to Robert L. Shevin
39.
Jim Himes
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James Andrew Jim Himes is an American businessman and U. S. Representative for Connecticuts 4th congressional district, serving since 2009 and he is a member of the Democratic Party and Chairman of the New Democrat Coalition. The Fourth Congressional District incorporates portions of Fairfield and New Haven counties in southwestern Connecticut, including the cities of Bridgeport, New Canaan, Himes was born July 5,1966 in Lima, Peru, to American parents, where his father worked for the Ford Foundation. His father, James R. Himes, also worked for UNICEF, being the director of the Unicef Innocenti Center and his mother, Judith A. Himes, was, until recent years, the director of board activities for the New Jersey Board of Higher Education in Trenton. He spent his childhood in Lima and Bogotá, Colombia. After the divorce of his parents, Jim, his mother, Himes attended Harvard University as an undergraduate where he was the captain of the Lightweight crew and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1988. Himes studied for a degree in Latin American studies as a Rhodes scholar at St Edmund Hall, Oxford and he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from the University of Bridgeport on May 5,2012. In 1995, Himes began working at Goldman Sachs as a banker in Latin America and he was eventually promoted to vice president. In 2003, Himes began working for the non-profit Enterprise Foundation, in 2007, he was named vice president of Enterprise. Himes was appointed a Commissioner of the Greenwich Housing Authority in 2002 and he was also an elected member of the Greenwich Board of Estimate and Taxation and served as the Chairman of the Greenwich Democratic Town Committee. Himes has sponsored 32 bills, including, H. R. R,5615, reintroduced in the 113th Congress as H. R.4085. H. R.3973, a bill to award grants to school systems that are implementing innovative early-education curricula. Himes introduced a bill in the 112th Congress as H. R.3322. H. R.4106, a bill to create a grant and loan program for retrofitting homes with renewable energy technology, H. R.5779, a bill to terminate and reduce payments for various agricultural programs, introduced July 20,2010. H. R.1965 has passed the House of Representatives but has yet to become law, swap dealer who engages in swaps with any U. S. corporation, introduced October 31,2011. H. R.6187, a bill to increase efforts to cure HIV/AIDS, introduced June 25,2012, H. R.4552, a bill to establish minimum safety standards for equestrian helmets, introduced May 1,2014 H. R. R. He voted against the Stupak-Pitts Amendment in the Affordable Health Care for America Act that was intended to prevent any federal funds paying for any health care plan with abortion coverage. ”He believes in a world free of nuclear weapons. He voted for the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 and he supports a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine
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Ron Kind
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Ronald James Ron Kind is the U. S. Representative for Wisconsins 3rd congressional district, serving since 1997 and he is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is located in the part of the state and is anchored by La Crosse, Eau Claire, Platteville, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Rapids. Kind was born and raised in La Crosse, the third of five born to Greta. His is the generation of his family to live in the area. Kinds mother formerly worked as the assistant director of personnel in the La Crosse School District and his father had a 35-year career as a telephone repairman and union leader at the La Crosse Telephone Company. Kind attended the schools in La Crosse and became a standout student athlete at Logan High School in both football and basketball. He accepted a scholarship to Harvard College where he graduated with honors in 1985, while attending Harvard, Kind played quarterback on the football team and worked during the summer with Wisconsin Senator William Proxmire in Washington. While working for Proxmire he helped with investigations that helped determine the winners of the famous Golden Fleece Awards, Kind went on to receive a masters degree from the London School of Economics and a law degree from the University of Minnesota Law School. He practiced law for two years at the law firm of Quarles and Brady in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Kind returned to his hometown of La Crosse to become a county prosecutor. He later served as a prosecutor in numerous counties throughout western Wisconsin. In July 2016, at the Democratic National Convention, Kind endorsed Hillary Clinton over Bernie Sanders and he voted with his party 87% of the time in the 112th congress and 94% of the time in the 111th congress. Kinds work on the Subcommittee of Health has been focused primarily on health issues within small business. He also concentrates on the problem of agriculture reform, on October 10,2002, Kind voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq. In interest group ratings from his time in office, Kind has supported womens issues, poverty reform, veterans issues, social security, environmental issues, education, and civil rights. Kind was the lone Wisconsin Democrat to support free trade with China, after the failed effort to recall Governor Scott Walker in an April 2012 vote, Kind said that Democrats should be proud of forcing recall elections despite the outcome. He said that his conversations with voters had convinced him that the reason that Democrats lost was because people didn’t think it was a proper use of the recall process. Kind has been mentioned as a candidate for governor or Senator
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Rick Larsen
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Richard Ray Rick Larsen is the United States Representative for Washingtons 2nd congressional district and a member of the Democratic Party. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2000 and was re-elected in each of the eight subsequent elections, Larsen is a member of the House Armed Services Committee and the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Born in Arlington, Washington, he attended Pacific Lutheran University and he formerly worked as director of public affairs for the Washington State Dental Association and as a lobbyist for the dental profession. He also worked for the city of Everett, Washington as director of development for the citys port. Before being elected to the House, Larsen gained political experience when he served as a Snohomish County Councilman, larsens office fired the offending staffers within hours. He still maintains support from surrounding the port cities of Everett. Rick Larsen has repeatedly cosponsored legislation that would create the Wild Sky Wilderness area in his district and is a member of the Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus. Larsen has authored a law that regulates the international marriage brokering industry, by protecting mail order brides from abuse, Larsen also meets regularly with the community-at-large in various events or forums and is able to help provide information if needed. One of Rick Larsen’s major priorities is transportation issues, as a member of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, he has voted yes on every transportation bill since being reelected in 2008. He believes that “sound investments in transportation keep our economy moving, ” and he works to support the local Washington economy by investing in small to medium-sized businesses to help them succeed in the global economy. Pro-choice interest groups have consistently supported Rick Larsen, planned Parenthood, National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association and NARAL Pro-Choice America have all highly rated his position on abortion. In addition, he has voted against several bills that would restrict abortion rights, Larsen has supported the House Democratic proposal for publicly funded health care. He voted for the bill in November 2009. Larsen supports President Obamas proposed exit strategy which promises to combat troops by summer of 2010. Larsen defeated Republican candidate Doug Roulstone, a retired Navy officer who was recruited by GOP strategists, Larsen received 65% of the vote to Roulstones 34%. Larsen was challenged in the Democratic primary during his 2008 reelection campaign by perennial candidate Glen Johnson and his Republican opponent for the House race was recently retired Snohomish County Sheriff Rick Bart. For the 2008 election cycle, Rick Larsen’s campaign’s total income was $1,336,438, the companies that contributed the most money were Boeing Co. McBee Strategic Consulting, and Puget Energy, the labor, finance/insurance/real estate, transportation, misc. business, and health sectors were the largest contributing sectors
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Joe Lieberman
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Joseph Isadore Joe Lieberman is an American politician and former United States Senator from Connecticut. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was the nominee for Vice President in the 2000 election. Currently an Independent, he closely associated with the Democratic Party. Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Lieberman is a graduate of Yale University and he was elected as a reform Democrat in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate, where he served three terms as Majority Leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the U. S. House of Representatives in 1980, Lieberman defeated moderate Republican Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the U. S. Senate and was re-elected in 1994 and 2000. The U. S. Supreme Court settled the controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5–4 to stop recounting votes. It was the time in history that the Supreme Court has ruled on a case directly related to a presidential election. Lieberman also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election, Lieberman himself was never a member of that party, but instead remained a registered Democrat while he ran. Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the 110th and 111th Congresses as an Independent Democrat and sat as part of the Senate Democratic Caucus, on November 5,2008, Lieberman met with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to discuss his future role with the Democratic Party. Ultimately, the Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security, subsequently, Lieberman announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats. Before the 2016 election, he endorsed Hillary Clinton for President, as Senator he introduced and championed the Dont Ask, Dont Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and legislation that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Lieberman announced in January 2011 that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his term, Lieberman was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Marcia and Henry Lieberman, who ran a liquor store. His family is Jewish, his grandparents emigrated from Congress Poland. He received a B. A. in both science and economics from Yale University in 1964 and was the first member of his family to graduate from college. At Yale he was editor of the Yale Daily News and a member of the Elihu Club and his roommate was Richard Sugarman, a Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Vermont and advisor to 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. Lieberman later attended Yale Law School, receiving his law degree in 1967, after graduation from law school, Lieberman worked as a lawyer for the New Haven-based law firm Wiggin & Dana LLP. A spokesperson told The Hartford Courant in 1994 that Lieberman received a deferment from the Vietnam War draft when he was an undergraduate. Upon graduating from law school at age 25, Lieberman qualified for a family deferment because he was married and had one child
