1.
Lord's
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Lords, also known as Lords Cricket Ground, is a cricket venue in St Johns Wood, London. Lords is widely referred to as the Home of Cricket and is home to the worlds oldest sporting museum, Lords today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as Lords Old Ground, was where Dorset Square now stands and his second ground, Lords Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 before being abandoned to make way for the construction through its outfield of the Regents Canal. The present Lords ground is about 250 yards north-west of the site of the Middle Ground, the ground can hold 28,000 spectators. Proposals are being developed to increase capacity and amenity, as of December 2013, it was proposed to redevelop the ground at a cost of around £200 million over a 14-year period. The current ground celebrated its two hundredth anniversary in 2014, to mark the occasion, on 5 July an MCC XI captained by Sachin Tendulkar played a Rest of the World XI led by Shane Warne in a 50 overs match. The White Conduit moved there from Islington soon afterwards and reconstituted themselves as Marylebone Cricket Club, in 1811, feeling obliged to relocate because of a rise in rent, Lord removed his turf and relaid it at his second ground. This was short-lived because it lay on the route decided by Parliament for the Regents Canal, the Middle Ground was on the estate of the Eyre family, who offered Lord another plot nearby, and he again relocated his turf. The new ground, on the present site, was opened in the 1814 season, the earliest known match was MCC v Hertfordshire on 22 June 1814. This is not rated a first-class match, MCC won by an innings and 27 runs. The annual Eton v Harrow match was first played on the Old Ground in 1805, there is no record of the fixture being played again until 29 July 1818, when it was held at the present Lords ground for the first time, Harrow won by 13 runs. From 1822, the fixture has been almost an annual event at Lords, in 1987 the new Mound Stand, designed by Michael Hopkins and Partners, was opened, followed by the Grandstand in 1996. Most notably, the Media Centre was added in 1998-9, it won The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize for 1999, the ground can currently hold up to 28,000 spectators. The two ends of the pitch are the Pavilion End, where the members pavilion is located. The main survivor from the Victorian era is the Pavilion, with its famous Long Room and this historic landmark— a Grade II*-listed building— underwent an £8 million refurbishment programme in 2004–05. The pavilion is primarily for members of MCC, who may use its amenities, which include seats for viewing the cricket, the Long Room and its Bar, the Bowlers Bar, at Middlesex matches the Pavilion is open to members of the Middlesex County Club. The Pavilion also contains the rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. The only cricketer to hit a ball over the pavilion was Albert Trott, another highly visible feature of the ground is Old Father Time, a weather vane in the shape of Father Time, currently adorning a stand on the south-east side of the field
2.
Cricket
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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket at each end. One team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, each phase of play is called an innings. After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a number of overs have been completed, the innings ends. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs, including any extras gained, at the start of each game, two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play. The striker takes guard on a crease drawn on the four feet in front of the wicket. His role is to prevent the ball hitting the stumps by use of his bat. The other batsman, known as the non-striker, waits at the end of the pitch near the bowler. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, and a teammate replaces him, the bowlers objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman. An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler, the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler. If a fielder retrieves the ball enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch. Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires, the laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball. Although crickets origins are uncertain, it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century and it spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century. ICC, the governing body, has over 100 members. The sport is followed primarily in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, southern Africa, womens cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. A number of words have been suggested as sources for the term cricket, in the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598 it is called creckett. One possible source for the name is the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff, in Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, he derived cricket from cryce, Saxon, a stick
3.
St John's Wood
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Saint Johns Wood is a district of northwest London, in the City of Westminster, and on the northwest side of Regents Park. It is about 2.5 miles northwest of Charing Cross, once part of the Great Middlesex Forest, it was later owned by the Knights of St John of Jerusalem. The boundaries of St. Johns Wood are the Regents Canal to the south, Maida Vale to the west, Boundary Road to the north and Avenue Rd/Primrose Hill Park to the east. It is an affluent neighbourhood, with the area postcode ranked by Forbes magazine as the fifth most expensive postcode in London based on the average home price in 2007. According to a 2014 property agent survey, St. Johns Wood residents pay the highest average rent in all of London, St Johns Wood was developed from the early 19th century onwards. One of the first developers in the area was James Burton, parts of St Johns Wood have been rebuilt at a higher density, but it remains a highly desirable residential district, and one of the most expensive areas of London. St Johns Wood is the location of Lords Cricket Ground, home of Middlesex County Cricket Club and of the Marylebone Cricket Club, and the original headquarters of cricket. It is also famous for Abbey Road Studios and the street Abbey Road, where The Beatles recorded, notably the Abbey Road album, the Kings Troop, Royal Horse Artillery was formerly based at St Johns Wood Barracks. The regiment moved to Woolwich on 6 February 2012, the barracks is to be demolished and developed as housing, the area is also home to St. Johns Wood Church Grounds, which contains the only nature reserve in the City of Westminster. The nearest London Overground station is South Hampstead. C,5 Forest Road, St. Johns Wood in Wilkie Collinss 1859 sensation novel The Woman in White. Irene Adler lives there in Arthur Conan Doyles 1891 Sherlock Holmes story A Scandal in Bohemia, in the first instalment of John Galsworthys The Forsyte Saga, The Man of Property, Young Jolyon lives on fictional Wistaria Avenue with his second wife and family. St Johns Wood is the home of fictional characters Bingo and Rosie Little in P. G. Wodehouses Jeeves and Wooster short stories and novels, referenced in the Rolling Stones song, Play with Fire, released in 1965. Ballards novel Millennium People, is a psychologist who lives in St. Johns Wood, Violet Hill, a street and area off Abbey Road with Violet Hill Gardens and Violet Hill Hospital, is the source of the name in Coldplays 2008 song Violet Hill. Media related to St. Johns Wood at Wikimedia Commons History of St Johns Wood Map of St Johns Wood and the surrounding districts stjohnswoodhighstreet. co. uk & stjohnswoodhighstreet. com
4.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
5.
County Championship
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The County Championship is the domestic first-class cricket competition in England and Wales. The competition consists of eighteen clubs named after, and originally representing, historic counties, seventeen from England, from 2016, the Championship will be sponsored by Specsavers, who replaced Liverpool Victoria after 14 years. In contrast, the term County Champions applies in common parlance to a team that has won the title since 1890. The most usual means of claiming the title was by popular or press acclaim. In the majority of cases, the claim or proclamation was retrospective, the unofficial title was not proclaimed in every season up to 1889 because in many cases there were not enough matches or there was simply no clear candidate. The concept of the title has been utilised ad hoc. The official County Championship was constituted in a meeting at Lords Cricket Ground on 10 December 1889 which was called to enable club secretaries to determine the 1890 fixtures. While this was going on, representatives of the eight leading county clubs held a meeting to discuss the method by which the county championship should in future be decided. A majority were in favour of ignoring drawn games altogether and settling the championship by wins, under this system defeats were subtracted from victories and the county with the highest total were champions. The new competition, which had official sanction, began in the 1890 season and at first featured Gloucestershire, Kent, Lancashire, Middlesex, Nottinghamshire, Surrey, Sussex and it is difficult to know when the concept of a county championship originated. While early matches were often between teams named after counties, they were not the teams the usage would imply today. That may be so re the actual terminology but closer examination of the sources indicate a much earlier expression of the idea. The earliest known inter-county match was in 1709 between Kent and Surrey but match results are unknown until the 1720s. The first time a source refers to the superiority of one county is in respect of a match between Edwin Steads XI and Sir William Gages XI at Penshurst Park in August 1728, Steads XI won by an unknown margin although Gages XI needed just 7 in their second innings. The source says that the game could be called Kent v Sussex as the players were reported as 11 of each county, Sir William Gage was a Sussex landowner and Edwin Stead was a resident of Maidstone in Kent. Evidently Mr Steads Kent team also won two games earlier that season against the Duke of Richmonds XI, the source states that was the third time this summer that the Kent men have been too expert for those of Sussex. This clearly implies that Kent was considered to be the county at that time. In 1729, Sir William Gages Sussex team defeated Kent on 5 September, The latter got in one hand and this may have been the earliest known innings victory
6.
Laws of Cricket
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The laws of cricket are a set of rules established by the Marylebone Cricket Club which describe the laws of cricket worldwide, to ensure uniformity and fairness. Cricket is one of the few sports for which the principles are referred to as Laws rather than as Rules or Regulations. However, regulations to supplement and/or vary the laws may be agreed to for particular competitions as required and those applying for international matches can be found on the ICCs website. The origins of cricket are debatable, but it probably derived from numerous games, in the eighteenth century, it expanded to become a betting game especially popular with the British aristocracy. The earliest laws were drawn up in that context, to regulate a game on which large sums of money were being staked. The earliest existing known Code of cricket was drawn up by certain Noblemen and Gentlemen who used the Artillery Ground in London in 1744, however, these laws were not universally followed, with different games played under different guidance. On 30 May 1788, the Marylebone Cricket Club, which had formed by the leading noblemen and gentlemen playing the game just one year before. Whilst the MCCs version of the Laws were not accepted fully immediately, or applied consistently, finally, a new method of dismissing a batsman was introduced. Previously, as cricket uses a ball and leg-pads were not used. As batsmen started to wear pads, they became willing to cover their stumps with their legs to prevent the ball hitting the stumps, therefore, a leg before wicket rule was introduced so that a batsman preventing the ball hitting his stumps with his legs would be out. In 1829 the Length of stumps increased from 24 to 27 inches, for the first time, the thickness of stumps was mentioned. A new Code of Laws was approved by the MCC Committee on 19 May 1835, in the 1884 laws the number of players was formalised for the first time, and the size of the ball was formalised for the first time too. This was in response to the problem that to win a game a side needed to dismiss their opposition twice, as cricket is a time-limited game, it meant that sides that dominated the opposition could be forced to draw rather than win games. The initial follow-on rule was faulty, though, as it required a side to follow-on when it was behind, a side could deliberately concede its last wickets in the first innings in return for being able to bowl last on a deteriorating pitch. Later the follow-on rule was changed so that a team sufficiently ahead of its opposition has the option on whether to enforce it or not, in 1947 a new Code was approved by the MCC on 7 May. In 1979 after a number of revisions of the 1947 Code. This is known as the 1980 code, amongst other changes, imperial units are now followed by metric units in the specifications. In 1992 a second edition of the 1980 Code was produced, in 2000 a new Code, which for the first time included a Preamble defining the Spirit of Cricket was approved on 3 May
7.
International Cricket Council
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The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket. The ICC has 105 members,10 Full Members that play Test matches,39 Associate Members, the ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of crickets major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day International, the Chairman heads the board of directors and on 26 June 2014, N. Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the first chairman of the council. The role of ICC president has become an honorary position since the establishment of the chairman role. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the so-called Big Three nations of England, the current ICC president is Zaheer Abbas, who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. Kamal, the president of the Bangladesh Cricket Board, resigned shortly after the 2015 World Cup. The current CEO is David Richardson, who succeeded Haroon Lorgat, on 15 June 1909 representatives from England, Australia and South Africa met at Lords and founded the Imperial Cricket Conference. Membership was confined to the bodies of cricket within the British Empire where Test cricket was played. West Indies, New Zealand and India were elected as Full Members in 1926, however the United States did not meet these criteria and was not made a member. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was given Test status in 1952, in May 1961 South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership. In 1965, it was renamed as the International Cricket Conference and this led to the expansion of the Conference, with the admission of Associate Members. Associates were each entitled to one vote, while the Foundation, Foundation Members retained a right of veto. Sri Lanka was admitted as a Full Member in 1981, returning the number of Test-playing nations to seven, in 1989, new rules were adopted and the current name, the International Cricket Council came into existence. South Africa was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in 1991, after the end of apartheid, then, in the year 2000 Bangladesh received test status. From its formation the ICC had Lords Cricket Ground as its home, the independent ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco, for the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001–2008, revenues available to International cricket and this led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the Councils cricket administrators, who remained at Lords, were separated from their colleagues in Monaco
8.
England cricket team
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The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board, England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match, and these two countries together with South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International on 5 January 1971, Englands first Twenty20 International was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia. As of 9 March 2017, England has played 983 Test matches, winning 351, the team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has played 683 ODIs, winning 332, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups, and also in two ICC Champions Trophys, England has also played 89 T20Is, winning 43. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016, England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, fifth in ODIs and fifth in T20Is by the ICC. England currently holds the record for the highest ever ODI total of 444, such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century. In 1846 William Clarke formed the All-England Eleven and this team would eventually compete against a United All-England Eleven with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856. These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players, the first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with England touring North America. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by George Parr, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, attention turned elsewhere. English tourists visited Australia in 1861-62 with this first tour organised as a venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were against odds and this first Australian tour were mostly against odds of at least 18/11. The tour was so successful that George Parr led a tour in 1863–64. James Lillywhite led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&O steamship Poonah on 21 September 1876 and they would play a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11 a side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match, the combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as James Lillywhites XI v Combined Victoria, the teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter,1877, when Lillywhites team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious, – The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. As a result of loss the tour of 1882–83 was dubbed by England captain Ivo Bligh as the quest to regain the ashes
9.
Test cricket
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Test cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket and is considered its highest standard. Test matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. The two teams of 11 players play a match, which may last up to five days. It is generally considered the most complete examination of teams playing ability, the name Test stems from the long, gruelling match being a test of the relative strengths of the two sides. A Test match to celebrate 100 years of Test cricket was held in Melbourne from 12 to 17 March 1977, in October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches. The first day/night game took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide, on 27 November 2015, Test matches are the highest level of cricket although, statistically, their data forms part of first-class cricket. Matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. As of December 2014, ten teams have Test status. Zimbabwes Test status was suspended, because of poor performances between 2006 and 2011, it returned to competition in August 2011. If the Associate team defeats the test nation, then they could be added as the new test country, a list of matches, defined as Tests, was first drawn up by Australian Clarence Moody in the mid-1890s. Representative matches played by simultaneous England touring sides of 1891–92 and 1929–30 are deemed to have Test status, in 1970, a series of five Test matches was played in England between England and a Rest of the World XI. These matches, originally scheduled between England and South Africa, were amended after South Africa was suspended from international cricket because of their governments policy of apartheid. Although initially given Test status, this was withdrawn and a principle was established that official Test matches can only be between nations. Despite this, in 2005, the ICC ruled that the six-day Super Series match that took place in October 2005, some cricket writers and statisticians, including Bill Frindall, ignored the ICCs ruling and excluded the 2005 match from their records. The series of Test matches played in Australia between Australia and a World XI in 1971/72 do not have Test status, there are currently ten Test-playing teams, representing individual nations except for England and the West Indies. Test status is conferred upon a country or group of countries by the International Cricket Council, teams that do not have Test status can play in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, specifically designed to allow non-Test teams to play under conditions similar to Tests. In May 2016, ICC announced that it is contemplating the idea of two-tiers in Test match cricket, ICC hopes that this will help them draw more crowd and generate more revenue from the matches played between top tier teams. Promotion and relegation could be introduced into Test cricket as early as 2019 and this will give opportunities to more countries like Afghanistan and Ireland to play test cricket
10.
Artillery Ground
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The Artillery Ground in Finsbury is an open space originally set aside for archery and later known also as a cricket venue. Today it is used for exercises and, in the summer months, rugby. It belongs to the Honourable Artillery Company, whose headquarters, Armoury House, from 1498, about 11 acres of the 23-acre Bunhill Fields were set aside for the practice of archery and shooting. Todays 8-acre site was given to the Artillery Company in 1638, in the eighteenth century it was the home of the original London Cricket Club. Before the creation of the Hambledon Club in the 1760s, the Artillery Ground was the venue of all London cricket. In the 18th century sources, the Artillery Ground was said to lie between Chiswell Street and Bunhill Fields, the latter being a cemetery. It was referred to in reports as the old Artillery Ground. In a report dated 23 June 1722 in the London Journal, the earliest definite cricket match at the Artillery Ground took place on 31 August 1730 between London and Surrey. London won but no details are known. The ground quickly became Londons first choice home venue with five matches recorded there in 1731, a report in 1732 states that the playing area was staked out and roped off. This practice is first reported at Kennington Common the previous year, by the 1740s, the Artillery Ground had become the sports feature venue and for about twenty years it had a social status that only Lords Cricket Ground has subsequently equalled. Single wicket was especially popular in the 1740s and huge crowds gambling huge sums of money were attracted to the ground whenever these contests took place, the history of the ground is coloured by references to its keepers, or lessees. The first known reference is in The Craftsman dated Sat 26 February 1732 re Mr Christopher Jones, Master of the Artillery Ground, the keepers were responsible for maintaining order at the ground. If any persons get on the Walls, they will be prosecuted as the Law directs, obviously, by coming through the pub, many might well stop and buy a drink. Jones, as the landlord, would have no objection to that, the most charismatic keeper was George Smith who had frequent disputes with the HAC during his tenure. He also had problems and there are surviving reports of his attempts to pay off his debts by raising the ground admission. On 15 September 1784 Vincent Lunardi, flew a balloon from the Artillery Ground, the area is now used for rugby and football in the winter and cricket in the summer by HAC teams including HAC RFC. Notably, it hosted a rugby match between Saracens and the USA national team on 9 November 2010, won 20–6 by Saracens
11.
Hambledon Club
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The Hambledon Club was a social club that is famous for its organisation of 18th century cricket matches. By the late 1770s it was the foremost cricket club in England, the origin of the club, based near Hambledon in rural Hampshire, is unclear but it had certainly been founded by 1768. From the mid-1760s, Hambledons stature grew till by the late 1770s it was the foremost cricket club in England. In spite of its remoteness, it had developed into a private club of noblemen and country gentry. Although some of these played in matches, professional players were mainly employed. The club produced several players including John Small, Thomas Brett, Richard Nyren, David Harris, Tom Taylor, Billy Beldham. It was also the inspiration for the first significant cricket book, The Cricketers of My Time by John Nyren, the Hambledon Club was essentially social and, as it was multi-functional, not really a cricket club as such. Rather it is seen as an organiser of matches, arguments have taken place among historians about whether its teams should be termed Hampshire or Hambledon. A study of the sources indicates that the nomenclature changed frequently, the subject is complicated by a reference to the Kent versus Hampshire & Sussex match at Guildford Bason on 26 &28 August 1772. According to the source, Hampshire & Sussex was synonymous with Hambledon Club and it is interesting that Sussex cricket was not very prominent during the Hambledon period and this could have been because Hambledon operated a team effectively representing two counties. Certainly there were Sussex connections at Hambledon such as John Bayton, Richard Nyren, William Barber, in 1782 the club moved from its original ground at Broadhalfpenny Down to Windmill Down, about half a mile away towards the village of Hambledon. The Bat and Ball Inn had been requisitioned as a dump by the military. Ridge Meadow is still the home of Hambledon C. C. today, on 29 August 1796, fifteen people attended a meeting and amongst them, according to the official minutes, was Mr Thos Pain, Authour of the rights of Man. It was certainly a joke for Thomas Paine was then under sentence of death for treason, the last meeting was held on 21 September 1796 where the minutes read only that No Gentlemen were present. The club had a round of six toasts,6. The Immortal Memory of Madge 1, the enigmatic Madge is a what, not a who. Indeed, it is believed to be a common, but crude, a description of the revival and, indeed, the whole history of the Hambledon Club can be read in The Glory Days of Cricket by Ashley Mote. The original ground is at Broadhalfpenny Down, opposite the Bat and Ball Inn, in Hyden Farm Lane, near Clanfield, where now the Broadhalfpenny Brigands Cricket Club play
12.
Islington
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Islington is a district in Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. Islington grew as a sprawling Middlesex village along the line of the Great North Road and this gave rise to some confusion, as neighbouring districts may also be said to be in Islington. This district is bounded by Liverpool Road to the west and City Road and its northernmost point is in the area of Canonbury. The main north-south high street, Upper Street splits at Highbury Corner to Holloway Road to the west, Islington was originally named by the Saxons Giseldone, then Gislandune. The name means Gīslas hill from the Old English personal name Gīsla, the name later mutated to Isledon, which remained in use well into the 17th century when the modern form arose. In medieval times, Islington was just one of many small manors thereabouts, along with Bernersbury, some roads on the edge of the area, including Essex Road, were known as streets by the medieval period, possibly indicating a Roman origin, but little physical evidence remains. What is known is that the Great North Road from Aldersgate came into use in the 14th century and this was along the line of modern Upper Street, with a toll gate at The Angel defining the extent of the village. The Back Road, the modern Liverpool Road, was primarily a road where cattle would be rested before the final leg of their journey to Smithfield. Pens and sheds were erected along this road to accommodate the animals, the first recorded church, St Marys, was erected in the twelfth century and was replaced in the fifteenth century. Islington lay on the estates of the Bishop of London and the Dean, there were substantial medieval moated manor houses in the area, principally at Canonbury and Highbury. In 1548, there were 440 communicants listed and the atmosphere, with access to the City and Westminster, made it a popular residence for the rich. The local inns, however, harboured many fugitives and recusants, the Royal Agricultural Hall was built in 1862 on the Liverpool Road site of William Dixons Cattle Layers. The hall was 75 ft high and the glass roof spanned 125 ft. It was built for the annual Smithfield Show in December of that year but was popular for other purposes, including recitals and it was the primary exhibition site for London until the 20th century and the largest building of its kind, holding up to 50,000 people. It was requisitioned for use by the Mount Pleasant sorting office during World War II, the main hall has now been incorporated into the Business Design Centre. The hill on which Islington stands has long supplied the City of London with water and these included Sadlers Wells, London Spa and Clerkenwell. The river was opened on 29 September 1613 by Sir Hugh Myddelton and his statue still stands where Upper Street meets Essex Road. The course of the river ran to the east of Upper Street, the Regents Canal passes through Islington
13.
Pelham Warner
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Sir Pelham Francis Warner MBE, affectionately and better known as Plum Warner or the Grand Old Man of English cricket, was a Test cricketer. Warner was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and his mother, Rosa Cadiz, was of Spanish origin, his father of an English colonial family. He was educated at Harrison College, and then sent to England to Rugby School and Oriel College, as a right-hand batsman, Warner played first-class cricket for Oxford University, Middlesex and England. He played 15 Test matches, captaining in 10 of them, with a record of won 4 and he succeeded in regaining The Ashes in 1903–04, winning the series against Australia 3–2. However he was successful when he captained England on the tour of South Africa in 1905–06, suffering a resounding 1–4 defeat. He was also to have captained England on the 1911–12 tour of Australia and he was unable to play in any of the Tests, with Johnny Douglas taking over the captaincy. He was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1904 and also in 1921, the second award marked his retirement as a county player after the 1920 season, in which he captained Middlesex to the County Championship title. In the mid 1920s he was Chairman of Selectors, and in 1926 during industrial strife served as a Special Constable, MCC scraped a win in the series by 2 games to one, with one match drawn. He played one more match, in 1929 for the MCC against the Royal Navy. After retiring as a player, he became a tour manager and he was the chairman of the England Test selectors for several years in the 1930s. He later became President of the Marylebone Cricket Club and he was knighted for his services to cricket in 1937. He detailed his Ashes Tests and a history of Lords Cricket Ground and he was cricket correspondent of the Morning Post from 1921 to 1933, and subsequently of the Daily Telegraph. He married Agnes in the summer of 1904 and had two sons, Esmond and John, and a daughter, Elizabeth and he died, aged 89, at West Lavington, West Sussex. His brother Aucher Warner not only captained the first combined West Indies side in the West Indies during the 1896–97 season, marina Warner, novelist and mythographer, is his granddaughter
14.
West End of London
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Use of the term began in the early 19th century to describe fashionable areas to the west of Charing Cross. The West End covers much of the boroughs of Westminster and Camden, while the City of London, or the Square Mile, is the main business and financial district in London, the West End is the main commercial and entertainment centre of the city. It is one of the most expensive locations in the world in which to rent office space and it was also close to the royal seat of power at Westminster, and is largely contained within the City of Westminster. Developed in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, it was built as a series of palaces, expensive town houses, fashionable shops. The areas closest to the City around Holborn, Seven Dials, as the West End is a term used colloquially by Londoners and is not an official geographical or municipal definition, its exact constituent parts are up for debate. The Edgware Road to the north-west and the Victoria Embankment to the south-east were also covered by the document but were treated as adjacent areas to the West End. According to Ed Glinerts West End Chronicles the districts falling within the West End are Mayfair, Soho, Covent Garden, Fitzrovia, one of the local government wards within the City of Westminster is called West End. This covers a area that defined by Glinert, Mayfair, Soho. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 10,575, the New West End Company is a business improvement district and runs services including street cleaning and security on Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street. NWEC also runs the Red Caps service, the West End is laid out with many notable public squares and circuses, the latter being the original name for roundabouts in London. London West End Things to do General overview of what to do in the West End
15.
Pall Mall, London
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Pall Mall /ˌpæl ˈmæl/ is a street in the St Jamess area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St Jamess Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road, the streets name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century. The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences and it became known for high-class shopping in the 18th century, and gentlemens clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers Clubs have survived to the 21st century, the War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Clubs headquarters have been on the street since 1908. The street is around 0.4 miles long and runs east in the St Jamess area, from St Jamess Street across Waterloo Place, to the Haymarket, the street numbers run consecutively from north-side east to west and then continue on the south-side west to east. It is part of the A4, a road running west from Central London. London Bus Route 9 runs westwards along Pall Mall, connecting Trafalgar Square to Piccadilly, Pall Mall was constructed in 1661, replacing an earlier highway slightly to the south that ran from the Haymarket to the royal residence, St Jamess Palace. When St. Jamess Park was laid out by order of Henry VIII in the 16th century, in 1620, the Privy Council ordered the High Sheriff of Middlesex to clear a number of temporary buildings next to the wall that were of poor quality. Pall-mall, a game similar to croquet, was introduced to England in the early-17th century by James I. The game, already popular in France and Scotland, was enjoyed by James sons Henry, in 1630, St Jamess Field, Londons first pall-mall court, was laid out to the north of the Haymarket – St James road. After the Restoration and King Charles IIs return to London on 29 May 1660, Samuel Pepyss diary entry for 2 April 1661 records that he. Went into St. Jamess Park, where I saw the Duke of York playing at Pelemele and this new court suffered from dust blown over the wall from coaches travelling along the highway. In July 1661 posts and rails were erected, stopping up the old road, the court for pall-mall was very long and narrow, and often known as an alley, so the old court provided a suitable route for relocating the eastern approach to St Jamess Palace. A grant was made to Dan ONeale, Groom of the Bedchamber, the grant was endorsed Our warrant for the building of the new street to St Jamess. A new road was built on the site of the old pall-mall court and it was named Catherine Street, after Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II, but was better known as Pall Mall Street or the Old Pall Mall. The pall-mall field was a place for recreation and Pepys records several other visits. By July 1665 Pepys used Pell Mell to refer to the street as well as the game, in 1662, Pall Mall was one of several streets thought fitt immediately to be repaired, new paved or otherwise amended under the Streets, London and Westminster Act 1662. The paving commissioners appointed to oversee the work included the Earl of St Albans, the terms of the act allowed commissioners to remove any building encroaching on the highway, with compensation for those at least 30 years old
16.
George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea
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George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea KG PC FRS was an important figure in the history of cricket. His main contributions to the game were patronage and organisation but Winchilsea, George Finch served with the 87th Foot at the time of the American Revolutionary War from its formation in 1779 to its disbanding in 1783, with the temporary rank of major and lieutenant-colonel. His father died in 1766 and he inherited the Winchilsea title in 1769, from his childless Uncle, Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea and 3rd Earl of Nottingham. In the 1770s Finch was in Florence as appears as one the people on the right hand side of Johann Zoffanys painting the Tribuna of the Uffizi. Winchilsea, who would go anywhere for a game of cricket, is the winner of the title of Most Recorded Player of the 18th century and he has 128 recorded first-class appearances from 1785 to 1800, which just beats William Bullen and William Beldham. This is remarkable given that Winchilsea was already 33 before he played in a senior match. Even so, Winchilsea on the field was something of a liability, in about 1784, Winchilsea was one of the prime movers in the foundation of the White Conduit Club, so–called because it played on White Conduit Fields. It was in 1785 that WCC first appeared in an important match, White Conduit Fields was an open area allowing members of the public, including the rowdier elements, to watch the matches and to voice their opinions on the play and the players. The White Conduit gentlemen were not amused by such interruptions and decided to look for a private venue of their own. Winchilsea and Colonel Charles Lennox commissioned Lord to find a new ground, so Lord took a lease from the Portman Estate on some land at Dorset Fields in Marylebone, where Dorset Square is now sited, the ground was prepared and opened in 1787. The first match was on Monday 21 May 1787 was between the White Conduit Club and Middlesex. It was originally called the New Ground but was soon renamed Lords Cricket Ground and, since it was in Marylebone, the Earl of Winchilsea was one of its early leading lights. His illegitimate son George Finch was a politician, fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket. Haygarth, Arthur, Scores & Biographies, Volume 1, mote, Ashley, The Glory Days of Cricket. Mote, Ashley, John Nyrens The Cricketers of my Time, thomson, Arthur Alexander, Odd Men In, A Gallery of Cricket Eccentrics. From Lads to Lords – profile, archived from the original on 10 October 2012
17.
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond
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Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox, 4th Duke of Aubigny, KG, PC was a Scottish peer, soldier, politician, and Governor General of British North America. Richmond was born to General Lord George Lennox, the son of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond. His aunts included the famous five Lennox sisters and he was an accomplished right-hand bat and a noted wicket-keeper. An amateur, he was a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club. In 1786, together with the Earl of Winchilsea, Richmond offered Thomas Lord a guarantee against any losses Lord might suffer on starting a new cricket ground and this led to Lord opening his first cricket ground in 1787. Although Lords Cricket Ground has since moved twice, Richmond and Winchilseas guarantee provided the genesis of the cricket ground in the world. Nearly always listed as the Hon, colonel Charles Lennox in contemporary scorecards, Richmond had 55 recorded first-class appearances from 1784 to 1800 and played a few more games after that. Richmond became a British Army captain at the age of 23 in 1787, at Wimbledon Common, Richmond fired, but his ball grazed his Royal Highnesss curl, the Duke did not fire. Richmond shortly after exchanged his company for the commission of a lieutenant-colonel in the 35th Regiment of Foot. On 1 July of the year, he was involved in another duel, with Theophilus Swift. They met in a field near the Uxbridge Road, where Swift was wounded in the body, later in the year he married Lady Charlotte Gordon. In 1794 and 1795 he participated in engagements against the French in the West Indies and Gibraltar. He was also MP for Sussex, succeeding his father, from 1790 until he succeeded to the dukedom and he became the 4th Duke of Richmond on 29 December 1806, after the death of his uncle, Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond. In April 1807 he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and he remained in that post until 1813. He participated in the Napoleonic Wars and in 1815 he was in command of a force in Brussels. On 15 June, the night before the Battle of Quatre Bras and this glittering celebration became famous, and Thackeray immortalised it in Vanity Fair. Although the Duke observed the battle the day, as well as Waterloo on 18 June. In 1818 he was appointed Governor General of British North America, during the summer of 1819 Richmond undertook an extensive tour of Upper and Lower Canada
18.
Thomas Lord
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Thomas Lord was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1787 to 1802. He made a comeback, playing in one further match in 1815. Overall, Lord made 90 known appearances in first-class cricket and he was mostly associated with Middlesex and with Marylebone Cricket Club as a ground staff bowler. Lord is best remembered as the founder of Lords Cricket Ground, Lord was born in Thirsk, Yorkshire, in what is now the town museum. His father was a Roman Catholic yeoman, who had his lands sequestered for supporting the Jacobite rising in 1745, the Lord family later moved to Diss, Norfolk, where Thomas Lord was brought up. Once he was out of childhood, Lord moved to London and got a job as a bowler and general attendant at the White Conduit Club in Islington. In 1786 Lord was approached by George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea, and Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond and they wanted Lord to find a more private venue for their club and offered him a guarantee against any losses he might suffer. In May 1787, Lord acquired seven acres off Dorset Square, White Conduit relocated there and soon afterwards formed, or merged into, the new Marylebone Cricket Club. The lease on the first ground ended in 1810 and Lord obtained a lease on two fields, the Brick and Great Fields at North Bank, St Johns Wood. The second venue, now referred to as Lords Middle Ground, was built by 1809 when the first games were played there by St Johns Wood Cricket Club and this was later merged into MCC who relocated to the Middle Ground in 1811. In 1813 Parliament requisitioned the land for the Regents Canal, which was cut through the site, Lord then moved his ground to the present site in St Johns Wood, literally taking his turf with him. Lord was not, however, making money and therefore obtained permission to develop part of the ground for housing. To counter his plan, Lord was bought out for £5,000 by prominent MCC member William Ward, despite the change of ownership, the ground has continued to bear Lords name. Lord remained in St Johns Wood till 1830 when he retired to West Meon in Hampshire and his son, also Thomas Lord, and born in Marylebone on 27 December 1794, was also a first-class cricketer. Thomas Lord is buried in the churchyard of St Johns Church at West Meon, the village has a public house named after him and is just a few miles from Hambledon, home of the famous Hambledon Cricket Club. From Lads to Lords – profile at the Wayback Machine Cricinfo page on Thomas Lord CricketArchive MCC site Harry Altham, A History of Cricket, Volume 1, derek Birley, A Social History of English Cricket, Aurum,1999. Rowland Bowen, Cricket, A History of its Growth and Development, samuel Britcher, A list of all the principal Matches of Cricket that have been played. Buckley, Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket, Cotterell,1935, H. T. Waghorn, The Dawn of Cricket, Electric Press,1906
19.
Portman Estate
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The Portman Estate, covering 110 acres of Marylebone in London’s West End, was founded in 1532 when the land was first leased to Sir William Portman. The Estate is a mix of residential, retail and office space that aims to deliver a sense of community, over recent years, the company has restored many Georgian buildings to today’s high standards, and created contemporary homes and offices that reflect their historical context. The Portman Estate has attracted many independent restaurateurs and retailers to the neighbourhood including Portman Village in Seymour Place and New Quebec Street, the Portman Estate also has two rural estates in Buckinghamshire and Herefordshire. The London Estate in Marylebone covers 110 acres from Edgware Road in the west to beyond Baker Street in the east and it covers 68 streets,650 buildings and four garden squares. Chiltern Street is the newest shopping and dining destination on The Portman Estate, the Portman Estate owns and manages two farms with very different characteristics. Portman Burtley in Buckinghamshire covers 2,000 acres of farmland and woodland which have an organic beef enterprise of 200 South Devon cattle, Portman Wilmaston in Herefordshire is a 1,000 acre mixed farm of sheep, cattle, arable land and woodland. He acquired the freehold in 1554, but most of the land remained farmland and meadow until the mid-18th century, in the 1750s William Baker had leased land from the family to lay out Orchard and Portman Streets, and the north side of Oxford Street. Portman Square was the focus of the new estate and was followed by the building of Manchester Square during the 1770s and Bryanston and these were laid out by the Estate’s architect, James Thompson Parkinson. The area remained largely residential, attracting the middle class who wanted to live near the city centre. There were also mews for tradesmen and servants, at the southwest corner of the Estate, where Marble Arch now stands, were the Tyburn gallows, London’s principal place of public execution until 1783. Development of the north of the Marylebone Road around Dorset Square continued after 1815. Many of the original Georgian houses north of Portman Square were redeveloped as mansion blocks and this development spread along the major traffic routes of Edgware Road and Baker Street. In 1948 the Estate, then valued at £10 million, was subject to duties of £7. In the later 1950s and 1960s the Estate collaborated with the developer Max Rayne to redevelop the frontage of Oxford Street and Baker Street, as well as the south and west sides of Portman Square. The London Estate today covers the area from Edgware Road in the west to beyond Baker Street in the east, unlike many other estates, The Portman Estate has a distinctive multicultural aspect, with its Middle Eastern community established in and around Edgware Road since the 1970s. The typology of the Estate is divided equally between residential, commercial and retail in order to ensure a robust and diverse portfolio. The Estate is either the freeholder of or directly manages over 1,000 residential units,170 office units, over 300 shops and restaurants alongside 32 hotels and 8 pubs. 1764 - Portman Square c.1770 - Manchester Square 1810 - Bryanston Square and Montagu Square The Estate is held in trust for the benefit of the wider family, with over 130 beneficiaries
20.
Lord's Old Ground
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Lords Old Ground was a cricket venue in London that was established by Thomas Lord in 1787. It was used mainly by Marylebone Cricket Club for major matches until 1810, the first match known to have been played at Lords Old Ground was White Conduit Club v Middlesex on Monday 21 May 1787. The first regular cricket fixture at Lords was the annual Eton v Harrow match which was first played on the Old Ground in 1805, the inaugural Gentlemen v Players match took place at the Old Ground in July 1806. Lords Old Ground was on the site of what is now Dorset Square, in 1814, he opened the present Lords Cricket Ground, formerly a duckpond in St Johns Wood. A commemorative plaque was unveiled in Dorset Square by Andrew Strauss on 9 May 2006, Lords From Lads to Lords –1787 Classification of cricket matches from 1697 to 1825 CricInfos page on the original Lords
21.
Regent's Park
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Regents Park is one of the Royal Parks of London. It lies within north-west London, partly in the City of Westminster, the population of the Camden ward at the 2011 Census was 13,528. It contains Regents University London and the London Zoo, the park is Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The park has a ring road called the Outer Circle and an inner ring road called the Inner Circle. Apart from two roads between these two, the park is reserved for pedestrians. The south, east and most of the west side of the park are lined with elegant white stucco terraces of houses designed by John Nash, Running through the northern end of the park is Regents Canal, which connects the Grand Union Canal to the former London docks. The northern side of the park is the home of London Zoo, winfield House, the official residence of the U. S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, stands in private grounds in the western section of the park. Nearby is the domed London Central Mosque, better known as Regents Park mosque, located to the south of the Inner Circle is Regents University London, home of the European Business School London, Regents American College London and Webster Graduate School among others. Primrose Hill is also the given to the immediately surrounding district. The public areas of Regents Park are managed by The Royal Parks, the Crown Estate Paving Commission is responsible for managing certain aspects of the built environment of Regents Park. The park lies within the boundaries of the City of Westminster and the London Borough of Camden, the Crown Estate owns the freehold of Regents Park. In the Middle Ages the land was part of the manor of Tyburn, in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Henry VIII appropriated the land, and it has been Crown property ever since, except for the period between 1649 and 1660. It was set aside as a park, known as Marylebone Park. It was then let out in small holdings for hay and dairy produce, when the leases expired in 1811 the Prince Regent commissioned architect John Nash to create a masterplan for the area. However, most of the terraces of houses around the fringes of the park were built. Nash did not complete all the detailed designs himself, in some instances, the scheme is considered one of the first examples of a garden suburb, and continues to influence the design of suburbs. The park was first opened to the public in 1835. On 15 January 1867, forty people died when the ice cover on the lake collapsed
22.
Marylebone station
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Marylebone station is a central London railway terminus and connected London Underground station in the Marylebone area of the City of Westminster. On the National Rail network it is known as London Marylebone and is the southern terminus of the Chiltern Main Line to Birmingham. On the Underground it is on the Bakerloo line between Edgware Road and Baker Street and it is in Travelcard Zone 1. Marylebone was the last of Londons main line termini to be built and it has limited connections to the Underground as it was built after the main tube lines in the area. Marylebone station suffered from a lack of traffic and after the GCML closed in 1966, by the 1980s, it was threatened with closure, but was reprieved due to continued commuter traffic on the London to Aylesbury Line and from High Wycombe. In 1994 the station found a new role as the terminus of the Chiltern Main Line, following privatisation, the station was expanded with two additional platforms in 2006 and improved services to Birmingham Snow Hill. In 2015 services began between Marylebone and Oxford Parkway via a new chord connecting the line to the Oxford to Bicester Line. Marylebone is one of the squares on the British Monopoly board, the station stands on Melcombe Place just north of Marylebone Road, a straight west-to-east thoroughfare through Marylebone in central London, Baker Street is close by to the east and south east. It is in the northern, Lisson Grove, neighbourhood of the district, in a projection of the Bryanston. North-east is Regents Park, north in a network of residential streets is Lords Cricket Ground and south. Other nearby London termini are Euston and Paddington, the London Bus routes 2,13,18,27,30,74,113,139,189,205,274 and 453 and night routes N18, N74 and N205 serve the station. The main line station has six platforms, two built in 1899, two inserted into the carriage road in the 1980s, and two built in September 2006. It is the only non-electrified terminal in London, Marylebone is operated by Chiltern Railways, making it one of the few London terminal stations not to be managed by Network Rail. There are services to Oxford via the Oxford to Bicester Line, the early history of Marylebone is tied into the Great Central Railways Great Central Main Line extension into London. When Sir Edward Watkin became chairman of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in 1864, the approach to Marylebone was the last section of the Great Central Main Line to be built. Progress was delayed in the 1890s because of objections, particularly as the line would pass through Lords, Watkin promised that Lords would not be disrupted by the railway construction, and an Act to complete the line was passed on 28 March 1893. The station was built on a 51-acre site around Blandford and Harewood Squares, Watkin resigned the chairmanship in 1894 following ill health, and was replaced by Lord Wharncliffe. The approach to the station through Lords was achieved by a cut, the station opened to coal traffic on 27 July 1898 and to passengers on 15 March 1899
23.
Baker Street
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Baker Street is a street in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster in London. It is named after builder William Baker, who laid out the street in the 18th century, the street is most famous for its connection to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, who lived at a fictional 221B Baker Street address on the north of the street. The area was high class residential, but now is mainly occupied by commercial premises. Baker Street is a thoroughfare, lying in postcode areas NW1/W1. It runs south from Regents Park, the junction with Park Road, parallel to Gloucester Place, meeting Marylebone Road, at the junction with Wigmore Street, Baker Street turns into Orchard Street, which ends when it meets with Oxford Street. After Portman Square the road continues as Orchard Street, the street is served by the London Underground by Baker Street tube station, one of the worlds oldest surviving underground stations. Next door is Transport for Londons lost property office, a significant robbery of a branch of Lloyds Bank took place on Baker Street in 1971. In the United States, there is a pub/restaurant chain named Baker Street Pub, some locations even have the iconic British red phone booth outside. In 1835, the first wax museum of Madame Tussauds was opened on Baker Street, the museum moved, just around the corner, to Marylebone Road in 1884. Also in 1835 the sculptor James Fillans came to live and work from 82 Baker Street. Residents of the mansion block, Chiltern Court, on the Regents Park end of Baker Street include the novelists Arnold Bennett. Thomas Charles Druce ran the Baker Street Bazaar until his death in 1864, the Beatles Apple Boutique was based at 94 Baker Street from 1967 to 1968. For many years the office of Marks & Spencer, formerly the United Kingdoms largest retailer, was at Michael House,55 Baker Street. A London County Council blue plaque commemorates Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger who lived at 120 Baker Street from 1803 to 1804, British singer Dusty Springfield lived on Baker Street in the 1960s. The Seychelles maintains a Consulate at 111 Baker Street, in fiction, Sherlock Holmes, Basil, The Great Mouse Detective, Sherlock Hound, Danger Mouse, Sexton Blake, Carland Cross and James Black of Case Closed have all resided along the road. The character Gregory House from the U. S. television series House M. D. resides at the fictional Flat B,221 Baker Street in Princeton, House M. D. is loosely based upon and inspired by Sherlock Holmes. Baker Street is a song by Gerry Rafferty, released in 1978, the song was a major worldwide hit, reaching Number 3 in the UK and Number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. He also released an album entitled Baker Street, Baker St. Muse is a song from Jethro Tulls album Minstrel in the Gallery, which was released in 1975
24.
Andrew Strauss
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Andrew John Strauss, OBE is a retired English international cricketer who played county cricket for Middlesex County Cricket Club who was formerly captain of Englands Test cricket team. A fluent left-handed opening batsman, Strauss favoured scoring off the foot, mostly playing cut. Strauss was also known for his strength at slip or in the covers. He became the Director of Cricket for England cricket team in 2015, Strauss made his first-class debut in 1998, and his One Day International debut in Sri Lanka in 2003. He quickly rose to fame on his Test match debut replacing the injured Michael Vaughan at Lords against New Zealand in 2004. Strauss again nearly scored two centuries and was named man of the match in his first overseas Test match, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in December 2004. Strauss suffered a drop in form during 2007, and as a result he was out of the Test squad for Englands tour of Sri Lanka. Having deputised for Michael Vaughan as England captain in 2006, Strauss was appointed on a permanent basis for the 2008-09 tour of the West Indies following Kevin Pietersens resignation and he enjoyed success with three centuries, and retained the captaincy into 2009. He currently holds the record for most catches by a player for England – going past Botham. He left the job the second most successful captain of the English modern era in terms of wins, at the end of his retirement press conference he received an unprecedented round of applause from the assembled media. Born in South Africa, Strauss moved to the UK at the age of six, in 1995, he matriculated into Hatfield College, University of Durham in the City of Durham in North East England. He studied Economics and wrote his dissertation on supermodular games and he graduated in 1998 with an upper-second class Bachelor of Arts degree. During his early career, Strauss spent several years in the cities of Sydney and Adelaide in Australia, and briefly played first-grade cricket alongside Australian bowler Brett Lee. While in Australia he met his wife, actress Ruth McDonald. Strauss is President of the Primary Club Juniors, a charity which helps fund blind cricket, in aid of the cause he took part in a blind game, wearing a blindfold and being dismissed on his second ball. He has a variety of nicknames ranging from Straussy, Levi and Johann, to the more obscure Lord Brocket, Mareman, The General, Jazzer, Muppet and Mr Potato Head. Already Member of the Order of the British Empire, Strauss was promoted to Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2011 Birthday Honours and his alma mater, Durham University, conferred the honorary doctorate of DCL upon him in 2011. Having played for the Durham University cricket team and the Middlesex second XI since 1996, Strauss made his Middlesex first XI debut in 1998, scoring 83 in his maiden first-class innings
25.
Eyre's Tunnel
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Eyres tunnel or Lisson Grove Tunnel is a short canal tunnel on the Regents Canal that passes under Lisson Grove in St Johns Wood, north London and opened in 1816. It is only 48 metres long, the two other tunnels on the Regents Canal are Islington Tunnel and Maida Hill Tunnel. Unlike the other tunnels, Eyres Tunnel has a towpath, the tunnel was originally known as Eyres Tunnel due to its passing beneath land belonging to Richard Eyre, a local landowner. Lisson Grove is a more recent usage clearly following the renaming of the road passes above the tunnel. Canal Tunnels of London London Canal Museum, londons three canal tunnels London Canals
26.
Regent's Canal
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Regents Canal is a canal across an area just north of central London, England. It provides a link from the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal, just north-west of Paddington Basin in the west, to the Limehouse Basin, the canal is 13.8 kilometres long. As with many Nash projects, the design was passed to one of his assistants, in this case James Morgan. Work began on 14 October 1812, the Camden to Limehouse section, including the 886-metre long Islington tunnel and the Regents Canal Dock, opened four years later on 1 August 1820. Various intermediate basins were also constructed, many other basins such as Wenlock Basin, Kingsland Basin, St. Pancras Stone and Coal Basin, and one in front of the Great Northern Railways Granary were also built, and some of these survive. The City Road Basin, the nearest to the City of London, soon eclipsed the Paddington Basin in the amount of goods carried, principally coal and these were goods that were being shipped locally, in contrast to the canals original purpose of transshipping imports to the Midlands. The opening of the London and Birmingham Railway in 1838 actually increased the tonnage of coal carried by the canal. However, by the twentieth century, with the Midland trade lost to the railways, and more deliveries made by road. There were a number of projects to convert the route of the canal into a railway. The railway company failed, but in 1846 the directors of the canal went about trying to obtain an Act of Parliament to allow them to build a railway along its banks. The scheme was abandoned in the face of opposition, especially from the government who objected to the idea of a railway passing through Regents Park. In 1859, two schemes to convert the canal into a railway were proposed. One, from a company called the Central London Railway and Dock Company, was accepted by the directors, in 1860 the Regents Canal Company proposed a railway track alongside the canal from Kings Cross to Limehouse, but funds could not be raised. Further schemes over the twenty years also came to nothing. In 1883, after years of negotiation, the canal was sold to a company called the Regents Canal. A new purpose was found for the route in 1979. These 400 kV cables now form part of the National Grid, pumped canal water is circulated as a coolant for the high-voltage cables. The canal is used today for pleasure cruising, a regular waterbus service operates between Maida Vale and Camden, running hourly during the summer months
27.
Napoleonic Wars
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The wars resulted from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars, which had raged on for years before concluding with the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. Napoleon became the First Consul of France in 1799, then Emperor five years later, inheriting the political and military struggles of the Revolution, he created a state with stable finances, a strong central bureaucracy, and a well-trained army. The British frequently financed the European coalitions intended to thwart French ambitions, by 1805, they had managed to convince the Austrians and the Russians to wage another war against France. At sea, the Royal Navy destroyed a combined Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in October 1805, Prussian worries about increasing French power led to the formation of the Fourth Coalition in 1806. France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July, although Tilsit signified the high watermark of the French Empire, it did not bring a lasting peace for Europe. Hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland, Napoleon invaded Iberia, the Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, featured extensive guerrilla warfare, the Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states, especially Russia. Unwilling to bear the consequences of reduced trade, the Russians routinely violated the Continental System. The French launched an invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The resulting campaign witnessed the collapse and retreat of the Grand Army along with the destruction of Russian lands. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in a Sixth Coalition against France, a lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813. The Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814 and he was exiled to the island of Elba near Rome and the Bourbons were restored to power. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again, the Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The Congress of Vienna, which started in 1814 and concluded in 1815, established the new borders of Europe and laid out the terms, Napoleon seized power in 1799, creating a de facto military dictatorship. The Napoleonic Wars began with the War of the Third Coalition, Kagan argues that Britain was irritated in particular by Napoleons assertion of control over Switzerland. Furthermore, Britons felt insulted when Napoleon stated that their country deserved no voice in European affairs, for its part, Russia decided that the intervention in Switzerland indicated that Napoleon was not looking toward a peaceful resolution of his differences with the other European powers. The British quickly enforced a blockade of France to starve it of resources. Napoleon responded with economic embargoes against Britain, and sought to eliminate Britains Continental allies to break the coalitions arrayed against him, the so-called Continental System formed a league of armed neutrality to disrupt the blockade and enforce free trade with France
28.
Lisson Grove
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Lisson Grove is a district and a street of the City of Westminster, London, just to the north of the city ring road. There are many surrounding the area. To the north is Lords Cricket Ground in St Johns Wood, to the west are Little Venice, Paddington and Watling Street. To the north east is Primrose Hill and south east is Marylebone, which includes the station and Dorset Square. It is west of the London Planetarium, Madame Tussauds, Baker Street, the postal districts are NW1 and NW8. Occasionally referred to as Lissom Grove, originally Lisson Grove was part of the manor of Lilestone which stretched as far as Hampstead. Lisson Green as a manor broke away c.1236 with its own manor house, Stingo was the name of a particular Yorkshire ale. Until the late 18th century the district remained essentially rural, the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn moved briefly to a farm in Lisson Grove in the spring of 1791 in order to have quiet surroundings in which to compose during his three-year stay in England. Nowadays Lisson Grove is a much improved section of West London, the area was notorious for drinking, crime and prostitution, as well as the extreme poverty of the people and the squalor and dilapidation of the homes they lived in. Local police officers patrolled the district in pairs, and they described the women of the area as the most drunken, violent. No.34 Alpha Cottages is memorialised in the name of a block of flats on Ashmill Street, opposite Ranston Street, One such friend and colleague of Blake was Richard Cosway whose studio on Stafford Street was renamed as Cosway Street. Cosway was not only a famous and fashionable painter, he was also a mesmerist and magician who practised arcana related to alchemical, There are reports of erotic ceremonies, the imbibing of drugs or elixirs, and ritual nudity. In 1829 the Catholic church of Our Lady was built, scoles in the new Gothic style, it was one of the first Catholic churches following the Catholic Emancipation Act. The same year George Shillibeer operated the first London omnibus from the Yorkshire Stingo taking passengers to Bank, Bell Street, now famous in history as the spot where Turkish baths were first established, is the main stream of a low colony, with many tributary channels. Hollingshead was, of course, referring only to the first such bath in London, the first Victorian Turkish bath was actually built near Cork in Ireland in 1856, while the first in England opened in Manchester in 1857. During the latter part of the 19th century a number of artisans and workers flats and cottages sprang up from social housing initiatives spearheaded by Octavia Hill and the Peabody Trust. Across the road from The Green Man Inn, in 1884 Miles Building was built by the Improved Industrial Dwellings Association, facing Bell Street and Penfold Place. John Nash as a director of the Regents Canal Company formed in 1812 began building detached villas set in gardens facing onto either side of the section of the canal running parallel to Lodge Road
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A41 road
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The A41 is a major trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although it has now in parts been superseded by motorways. It follows part of the line of the old Roman road, Akeman Street, with the opening of the M40 extension in 1990 from junction 8 – linking with the M42 near Birmingham – much of the route was downgraded in importance. The sections between Bicester and the M42 near Solihull were classified A4141, A4177 and B4100, the route begins near the Marble Arch end of Oxford Street in Londons West End, at the junction with Portman Street/Gloucester Place – Baker Street/Orchard Street. It becomes a dual-carriageway on Finchley Road, through Swiss Cottage, and along Hendon Way, the road passes through Hendon and after the junction with the A5150. The A41 overlaps the A1 at Five Ways Corner with the known as Watford Way. It passes through Mill Hill, separating with the A1 at Apex Corner roundabout After crossing the M1, near Elstree, it links the M1 at Junction 4, the A41 continues alongside the M1 into Hertfordshire. This section is known as Elton Way, as far as the roundabout with the B462, still running parallel to the M1, it intersects with Junction 5. The road continues north, passing over the River Colne, to the east of Watford, after passing under the junction with the A405, the A41 turns towards the west. Here, a new dual-carriageway bypasses Kings Langley, the old route through Kings Langley is now classified A4251 and continues to south of Tring. North of the M25 the road is a motorway standard A road with all junctions grade-separated via underpasses or flyovers. There are no hard shoulders but frequent lay-bys and it climbs through the Chiltern Hills then descends into the valley of the River Bulbourne crossing water meadows just outside Hemel Hempstead at Boxmoor. There are grade separated junctions with the A414, A4251 and A416, the route returns to open country north of here, passing west of Berkhamsted. It passes the National Film Archive, before Tring, near Wigginton, it crosses the Icknield Way Path and Chiltern Way. An arched footbridge spans the road just near the summit before it passes just east of Tring, the Tring bypass was built in 1973 as the A41 motorway, the first section of the Watford-Tring Motorway, although this section was downgraded on 6 July 1987. The Tring bypass ends with the border of Hertfordshire, at the junction with the B4635, B4009, the section to Tring was finally built in the early 1990s, although to a lower standard and only from the M25 junction 20. There were two sections - the 7-mile £23. 9m Berkhamsted bypass, opened September 1993 and the 5-mile £32. 7m Kings Langley bypass, opened August 1993. On 3 October 2003, the dual carriageway section was extended to the 3-mile £25m Aston Clinton Bypass and it enters Buckinghamshire and the district of Aylesbury Vale. It crosses the Grand Union Canal, and there is a junction with the B489, the road goes straight through Aylesbury, which is a bottleneck
30.
Metre
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The metre or meter, is the base unit of length in the International System of Units. The metre is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299792458 seconds, the metre was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole. In 1799, it was redefined in terms of a metre bar. In 1960, the metre was redefined in terms of a number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. In 1983, the current definition was adopted, the imperial inch is defined as 0.0254 metres. One metre is about 3 3⁄8 inches longer than a yard, Metre is the standard spelling of the metric unit for length in nearly all English-speaking nations except the United States and the Philippines, which use meter. Measuring devices are spelled -meter in all variants of English, the suffix -meter has the same Greek origin as the unit of length. This range of uses is found in Latin, French, English. Thus calls for measurement and moderation. In 1668 the English cleric and philosopher John Wilkins proposed in an essay a decimal-based unit of length, as a result of the French Revolution, the French Academy of Sciences charged a commission with determining a single scale for all measures. In 1668, Wilkins proposed using Christopher Wrens suggestion of defining the metre using a pendulum with a length which produced a half-period of one second, christiaan Huygens had observed that length to be 38 Rijnland inches or 39.26 English inches. This is the equivalent of what is now known to be 997 mm, no official action was taken regarding this suggestion. In the 18th century, there were two approaches to the definition of the unit of length. One favoured Wilkins approach, to define the metre in terms of the length of a pendulum which produced a half-period of one second. The other approach was to define the metre as one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant along the Earths meridian, that is, the distance from the Equator to the North Pole. This means that the quadrant would have defined as exactly 10000000 metres at that time. To establish a universally accepted foundation for the definition of the metre, more measurements of this meridian were needed. This portion of the meridian, assumed to be the length as the Paris meridian, was to serve as the basis for the length of the half meridian connecting the North Pole with the Equator
31.
Lord's Pavilion
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The Lords Pavilion is a cricket pavilion at Lords Cricket Ground in London, England. Designed by Thomas Verity and built in 1889–1890, the pavilion has achieved Grade II architectural designation, like the rest of Lords, the pavilion is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club but is also used by Middlesex County Cricket Club and the England national cricket team. The current pavilion was opened in 1890 at a cost of £21,000 after the pavilion was destroyed by fire. Until 1999 women – except Queen Elizabeth II – were not permitted to enter the pavilion as members during play, the 1998 decision to allow female MCC members represented a historic modernisation of the pavilion and its clubs. In 1986 Diana Edulji was refused entry to the pavilion while captaining India on their tour of England and she quipped that the MCC should change its name to MCP. In 2004, the pavilion was closed for a refurbishment costing £8.2 million. The pavilion seating was extended to the levels and certain historic areas. The only batsman to hit a ball over the top of the pavilion has been Albert Trott in 1889, in 2010, Somerset County Cricket Club captain, Marcus Trescothick was reportedly offered £1 million to hit a six over the pavilion. In 2011, a window in the pavilion was broken by England wicketkeeper, when Lords is hosting a Test match, only members of the MCC are permitted in the pavilion. However, for all matches, members of Middlesex and their opponents are also permitted in the pavilion with the option to bring in two guests. This policy has been criticised by some MCC members who complained that the code was being flouted on Twenty20 matchdays by members guests. The dress code in the pavilion is notoriously strict, men are required to wear ties and tailored coats and acceptable trousers with appropriate shoes and women are required to wear dresses, or skirts or trousers worn with blouses, and appropriate shoes. The pavilion houses dressing rooms designated for home and away teams, each dressing room has its own balcony, from which players waiting to bat, or other team personnel can watch the progress of the game. If a player manages to score a century or take five wickets in a Test match innings, their names are placed on the Lords honours board, England players achievements are recorded on boards in the home dressing room and all other nationalities in the away dressing room. Several notable players, such as Shane Warne and Sachin Tendulkar, have failed to have their names placed on the honours board. The Long Room, described as The most evocative four walls in world cricket, is a feature of the Pavilion, the walk from dressing room to cricket field at Lords is notoriously long and complex. On his Test debut in 1975, David Steele got lost, the Long Room is lined with paintings of famous cricketers and administrators, from the 18th century to the 21st. Members of the MCC and their guests have access to the room
32.
Mick Jagger
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Sir Michael Philip Mick Jagger is an English singer and songwriter, the lead singer and one of the founding members of the Rolling Stones. Jaggers career has spanned over 55 years, and he has described as one of the most popular. Jaggers distinctive voice and performance, along with Keith Richards guitar style, have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the career of the band, Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure. In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films, to mixed reception, in 1985, he released his first solo album, Shes the Boss. In early 2009, Jagger joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy, in 1989 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular music, Michael Philip Jagger was born into a middle-class family in Dartford, Kent. His father, Basil Fanshawe Joe Jagger, and grandfather, David Ernest Jagger, were both teachers and his mother, Eva Ensley Mary, born in Sydney, Australia, of English descent, was a hairdresser and an active member of the Conservative Party. Jaggers younger brother, Chris, is also a musician, although brought up to follow his fathers career path, Jagger was always a singer as he stated in According to the Rolling Stones. I always sang as a child, I was one of those kids who just liked to sing. Some kids sing in choirs, others like to show off in front of the mirror, I was in the church choir and I also loved listening to singers on the radio–the BBC or Radio Luxembourg–or watching them on TV and in the movies. In September 1950, Keith Richards and Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School, in 1954, Jagger passed the eleven-plus and went to Dartford Grammar School, which now has the Mick Jagger Centre installed within the schools site, named after its most famous alumnus. Jagger left school in 1961 after obtaining seven O-levels and three A-levels, Jagger and Richards moved into a flat in Edith Grove in Chelsea, London with a guitarist they had encountered named Brian Jones. In their earliest days the members played for no money in the interval of Alexis Korners gigs at a basement club opposite Ealing Broadway tube station, at the time, the group had very little equipment and needed to borrow Alexis gear to play. This was before Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager, the groups first appearance under the name the Rollin Stones was at the Marquee Club in London, a jazz club, on 12 July 1962. They would later change their name to the Rolling Stones as it seemed more formal, victor Bockris states that the band members included Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Ian Stewart on piano, Dick Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums. However, Richards states in Life that The drummer that night was Mick Avory--not Tony Chapman, avory himself has categorically denied on many occasions that he played with the Rollin Stones that night. In fact he only rehearsed twice with them in the Bricklayers Arms pub, Some time later the band went on their first tour in the United Kingdom, this was known as the training ground tour, because it was a new experience for all of them. The line-up did not at that time include drummer Charlie Watts or bassist Bill Wyman, by 1963 they were finding their musical stride as well as popularity
33.
Theresa May
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Theresa Mary May is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party, having served as both since July 2016. She has been the Member of Parliament for Maidenhead since 1997, may identifies as a one-nation conservative and has been characterised as a liberal conservative. She is the second female Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader after Margaret Thatcher, the daughter of a vicar, May grew up in Oxfordshire. From 1977 until 1983, she worked for the Bank of England, after unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons in 1992 and 1994, she was elected as the MP for Maidenhead in the 1997 general election. She was also Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2002 to 2003, after the formation of a coalition government following the 2010 general election, May was appointed Home Secretary and Minister for Women and Equalities, giving up the latter role in 2012. Reappointed after the Conservative victory in the 2015 general election, she went on to become the longest-serving Home Secretary since James Chuter Ede over 60 years previously. She won the first and second ballot of Conservative MPs by a significant margin and was due to face a vote of Conservative Party members in a contest with Andrea Leadsom, leadsoms withdrawal from the election on 11 July led to Mays appointment as party leader the same day. She was appointed Prime Minister on 13 July, as Prime Minister, Mays focus has primarily been on withdrawing the UK from the European Union. Born on 1 October 1956 in Eastbourne, Sussex, May is the child of Zaidee Mary. Her father was a Church of England clergyman who was chaplain of an Eastbourne hospital and he later became vicar of Enstone with Heythrop and finally of St Marys at Wheatley, to the east of Oxford. Mays mother was a supporter of the Conservative Party. May was educated primarily in the sector but with a short spell at an independent Catholic school. She initially attended Heythrop Primary School, a school in Heythrop, followed by St. Julianas Convent School for Girls, a Roman Catholic independent school in Begbroke. At the age of 13, May won a place at the former Holton Park Girls Grammar School, during her time as a pupil, the Oxfordshire education system was reorganised and the school became the new Wheatley Park Comprehensive School. May then attended the University of Oxford where she read geography at St Hughs College, between 1977 and 1983 May worked at the Bank of England, and from 1985 to 1997 as a financial consultant and senior advisor in International Affairs at the Association for Payment Clearing Services. Both Mays parents died during this period, her father in a car accident in 1981, may served as a councillor for Durnsford ward on the London Borough of Merton from 1986 to 1994, where she was Chairman of Education and Deputy Group Leader and Housing Spokesman. May then stood at the 1994 Barking by-election, which was prompted by the death of Labour MP Jo Richardson. The seat had been held by Labour since it was created in 1945 and Labour candidate Margaret Hodge was expected to win easily
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Women's cricket
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Womens cricket is the form of the team sport of cricket that is played by women. The first recorded match was in England on 26 July 1745, the first recorded match of womens cricket was reported in The Reading Mercury on 26 July 1745, a match contested between eleven maids of Bramley and eleven maids of Hambledon, all dressed in white. The first known cricket club was formed in 1887 in Yorkshire. Three years later a team known as the Original English Lady Cricketers toured England, in Australia, a womens cricket league was set up in 1894, while in South Africa, Port Elizabeth had a womens cricket team, the Pioneers Cricket Club. In Canada, Victoria also had a cricket team that played at Beacon Hill Park. In 2005, the IWCC was merged with the International Cricket Council to form one unified body to help manage, Womens cricket has been played internationally since the inaugural womens Test match between England women and Australia women in December 1934. The following year, New Zealand women joined them, and in 2007 Netherlands women became the tenth womens Test nation when they made their debut against South Africa women. Since 1973, womens One Day Internationals have also contested. In the years since the inception of womens ODIs more than eight times more of this format has been played than womens Test cricket, the Womens Cricket World Cup has been held nine times, with Australia, England and New Zealand sharing the titles. In 2004, a format still was introduced, with the introduction of womens Twenty20 International. Initially, womens Twenty20 cricket was played little at international level, however, the following three years saw a rapid growth, with six matches been played in 2007, ten in 2008 and thirty in 2009, which also saw the first ICC Womens World Twenty20. The ICC Womens Rankings were launched on 1 October 2015 covering all three formats of womens cricket, the ranking system gives equal weight to results of Test, ODI, and T20 matches. It was designed by statistician and ICC Cricket Committee member David Kendix, for example, on 1 October 2014, the matches played between October 2010 and October 2011 were removed, and the matches played between October 2012 and October 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the table despite no one playing. The ICC provides ratings for the end of each back to October 2015
