Matthew Cowley was an American missionary in New Zealand and then served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1945 until his death.

Matthias Foss Cowley was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1897 until 1905. He resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve due to his unwillingness to support the church's abolition of plural marriage. He and John W. Taylor are the most recent apostles of the LDS Church to have resigned from their positions.