Max Hoffmann
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Carl Adolf Maximilian Hoffmann was a German military strategist. As a staff officer at the beginning of World War I, he was Deputy Chief of Staff of the 8th Army, soon promoted Chief of Staff. Hoffmann, along with Erich Ludendorff, masterminded the devastating defeat of the Russian armies at Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes. He then held the position of Chief of Staff of the Eastern Front. At the end of 1917, he negotiated with Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Max Hoffmann
Foreign officers in the Russo-Japanese War, with Hoffmann at the far left of the front row
General Erich Ludendorff (left) with Colonel Max Hoffmann on the Eastern Front, 1915–1916
The entrance to the fortress at Brest-Litovsk, the headquarters for the Eastern Front and the site of the peace negotiations
Erich Ludendorff
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Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff was a German general, politician and military theorist. He achieved fame during World War I for his central role in the German victories at Liège and Tannenberg in 1914.
Ludendorff in 1915
Ludendorff at the age of 17 in 1882
Hindenburg (seated) and Ludendorff. Painting by Hugo Vogel
Ludendorff in his study at the General Headquarters, 1918