1.
Elon Musk
–
Elon Reeve Musk is a South African-born Canadian-American business magnate, investor, engineer, and inventor. As of March 2017, he has a net worth of $13.9 billion. In December 2016, Musk was ranked 21st on Forbes list of The Worlds Most Powerful People, Musk has stated that the goals of SolarCity, Tesla, and SpaceX revolve around his vision to change the world and humanity. He has a brother, Kimbal, and a younger sister. His paternal grandmother was British, and he also has Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry, after his parents divorced in 1980, Musk lived mostly with his father in the suburbs of Pretoria. During his childhood he had an interest in reading and often did so for hours at a time, at age 10, he developed an interest in computing with the Commodore VIC-20. He taught himself computer programming at the age of 12, sold the code for a BASIC-based video game he created called Blastar, to a magazine called PC and Office Technology, a web version of the game is available online. Musk was severely bullied throughout his childhood, and was hospitalized when a group of boys threw him down a flight of stairs. Musk was initially educated at schools, attending the English-speaking Waterkloof House Preparatory School. Musk later graduated from Pretoria Boys High School and moved to Canada in June 1989, just before his 18th birthday, therefore, with the law change, he is considered to have always been a Canadian citizen by birth. At the age of 19, Musk was accepted into Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Musk extended his studies for one year to finish the second bachelors degree. While at the University of Pennsylvania, Musk and fellow Penn student Adeo Ressi rented a 10-bedroom fraternity house, in 2002, he became a U. S. citizen. In 1995, Musk and his brother, Kimbal, started Zip2, the company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the newspaper publishing industry. Musk obtained contracts with The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune, while at Zip2, Musk wanted to become CEO, however, none of the board members would allow it. Compaq acquired Zip2 for US$307 million in cash and US$34 million in stock options in February 1999, Musk received 7% or US$22 million from the sale. In March 1999, Musk co-founded X. com, an financial services and e-mail payment company. One year later, the merged with Confinity, which had a money transfer service called PayPal. The merged company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001, PayPals early growth was driven mainly by a viral marketing campaign where new customers were recruited when they received money through the service
Elon Musk
–
Musk at the 2015 Tesla Motors Annual Shareholder Meeting
Elon Musk
–
Musk and President
Barack Obama at the Falcon 9 launch site in 2010
Elon Musk
–
Musk observing an assembly demo at the reopening of the
NUMMI plant, now known as the
Tesla Factory (
Fremont, California) in 2010
Elon Musk
–
Musk standing in front of a Tesla Model S in 2011
2.
Kimbal Musk
–
Kimbal Musk is a South African-born Canadian-American entrepreneur, venture capitalist and environmentalist who has invested in several technology and food companies. He owns The Kitchen Cafe, LLC, a family of community restaurants located in Boulder, Fort Collins, Denver, Glendale, Chicago and he co-founded The Kitchen Community, a 5013 nonprofit that brings outdoor vegetable gardens called Learning Gardens to schoolyards and community spaces. He sits on the boards of Tesla Inc and he is the younger brother of billionaire businessman Elon Musk and a major Tesla shareholder. Musk grew up in a household, with his brother Elon, sister Tosca. His mother was a prominent dietitian, and his father had his own engineering practice, after finishing high school in Pretoria, South Africa, Musk left to meet his brother in Kingston, Ontario and enrolled in university to pursue a degree in business at Queens University. While in school, Musk first worked at Scotiabank and he graduated with his degree from Queens University in 1995. Musks first entrepreneurship venture was a painting business with College Pro Painters in 1995. Zip2 Corporation was a city guide that provided content for the new online versions of the New York Times. The company was sold in 1999 to Compaq for $307 million, after selling Zip2, Musk invested in several young software and technology companies. Musk was an investor in his brother’s venture X. com. X. com merged with PayPal, which in October 2002 was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock, while Elon stayed in California, Kimbal moved to New York and enrolled into the French Culinary Institute in New York City. In April 2004, Musk opened The Kitchen Boulder, a community bistro in Boulder, Colorado with Jen Lewin, the Kitchen has been named one of America’s Top Restaurants according to Food & Wine, Zagat’s, Gourmet, and the James Beard Foundation. Musk and Matheson expanded their restaurant for the first time and opened The Kitchen Upstairs, a cocktail lounge, from 2006 to 2011 Musk served as the CEO of OneRiot, an advertising network for the real-time, social web. In September 2011 Walmart-Labs acquired OneRiot for a purchase price. In 2011, Next Door opened in downtown Boulder as an urban casual, Next Door has locations in Glendale and Denver Union Station. In 2012, The Kitchen Denver opened on the 16th Street Mall, each of The Kitchen restaurants donates a percentage of sales to help plant Learning Gardens in their local community. In 2012, The Kitchen Community built 26 gardens in Colorado,16 in Chicago, in December 2012, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel handed The Kitchen Community nonprofit $1 million to install 80 gardens in Chicago city schools. By the end of 2015, four years after its founding, The Kitchen Community built 260 Learning Gardens across Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles and Memphis
Kimbal Musk
–
Kimbal Musk
Kimbal Musk
–
The Kitchen
3.
New York Post
–
New York Post is an American daily newspaper, primarily distributed in New York City and its surrounding area. It is the 13th-oldest and seventh-most-widely circulated newspaper in the United States, established in 1801 by federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post. The modern version of the paper is published in tabloid format, in 1976, Rupert Murdoch bought Post for US$30.5 million. Since 1993, Post has been owned by News Corporation and its successor, News Corp and its editorial offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas. New York Post, established on November 16,1801 as New-York Evening Post, the Hartford Courant, believed to be the oldest continuously published newspaper, was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper, it did not begin publishing daily until 1836. The New Hampshire Gazette, which has trademarked its claim of being The Nations Oldest Newspaper, was founded in 1756, moreover, since the 1890s it has been published only for weekends. Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as New-York Evening Post, the meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in the then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor, the most famous 19th-century New-York Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was New-York Evening Post under Bryants editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in the summer of 1829, Bryant invited William Leggett, the Locofoco Democrat, to write for the paper. There, in addition to literary and drama reviews, Leggett began to write political editorials, leggetts classical liberal philosophy entailed a fierce opposition to central banking, a support for voluntary labor unions, and a dedication to laissez-faire economics. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party, Leggett became a co-owner and editor at Post in 1831, eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 through 1835. Another co-owner of the paper was John Bigelow, from 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of New York Evening Post. In 1881 Henry Villard took control of New-York Evening Post, as well as The Nation, with this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin. When Schurz left the paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief, White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903. Villard sold the paper in 1918, after allegations of pro-German sympathies during World War I hurt its circulation. The new owner was Thomas Lamont, a partner in the Wall Street firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. Conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis—publisher of the Ladies Home Journal—purchased New-York Evening Post in 1924, in 1934, J. David Stern purchased the paper, changed its name to New York Post, and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective. In 1939, Dorothy Schiff purchased the paper and her husband, George Backer, was named editor and publisher
New York Post
–
August 27, 2015 front page of the New York Post
New York Post
–
Alexander Hamilton
New York Post
–
William Cullen Bryant
New York Post
–
One of the paper's most famous headlines, from the April 15, 1983 edition.
4.
Regina, Saskatchewan
–
Regina (/rᵻˈdʒaɪnə/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and within the Treaty 4 territories. The city is the second-largest in the province, after Saskatoon, and it is governed by Regina City Council. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Sherwood No.159, Regina was previously the seat of government of the North-West Territories, of which the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta originally formed part, and of the District of Assiniboia. The site was previously called Wascana, but was renamed to Regina in 1882 in honour of Queen Victoria and this decision was made by Queen Victorias daughter Princess Louise, who was the wife of the Governor General of Canada, the Marquess of Lorne. Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West, on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, Reginas importance was further secured when the new province of Saskatchewan designated the city its capital in 1906. The CCF, formulated its foundation Regina Manifesto,1933 in Regina, in recent years, Saskatchewans agricultural and mineral resources have come into new demand, and it has entered a new period of strong economic growth. The population of the Regina CMA as of 2016, was 236,481, there was an obvious conflict of interest in Dewdneys choosing the site of Pile-of-Bones as the territorial seat of government and it was a national scandal at the time. There, the Territories were remote and of little concern, Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, wife of the then Governor General of Canada, named the new community Regina, in honour of her mother, Queen Victoria. The episode, including Riels imprisonment, trial and execution, brought the new Regina Leader, later the Leader-Post, to national prominence. Regina grew rapidly until the beginning of the Great Depression, in 1929, by this time, Saskatchewan was considered the third province of Canada in both population and economic indicators. Thereafter, Saskatchewan never recovered its early promise and Reginas growth slowed, in 1935, Regina gained notoriety for the Regina Riot, an incident of the On-to-Ottawa Trek. Recently older buildings have put to new uses, including the old Normal School on the Regina College campus of the University of Regina. Despite the setting, improbable though it always was compared with more likely sites for the capitol. There is an abundance of parks and greenspaces, all of its trees — some 300,000 — shrubs and other plants were hand-planted. As in other cities, American elms were planted in front yards in residential neighbourhoods. In recent years the pattern of primary and high school grounds being acreages of prairie sports grounds has been re-thought and such grounds have been landscaped with artificial hills, newer residential subdivisions in the northwest and southeast have, instead of spring runoff storm sewers, decorative landscaped lagoons. Despite having fallen in recent years, Reginas crime rate remains among the highest in Canada, Reginas overall police-reported crime rate was second highest in the country in 2012. However, the severity of crimes in Regina is quite high
Regina, Saskatchewan
–
Victoria Park, Regina
Regina, Saskatchewan
–
The eponymous Pile of Bones. These are buffalo bones, originally collected by the
Cree.
Regina, Saskatchewan
–
Donald C. McDougall and his shack (1882), the first house in Regina, believed to have been located along what is now the downtown section of Cornwall Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
–
Corner of South Railway Street (later renamed Saskatchewan Drive) and Scarth Street looking south, circa 1915. Note old Post Office (tower in left background), currently
Prince Edward Building, at 11th Avenue.
5.
Pretoria
–
Pretoria is a city in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. It is one of the three capital cities, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government. Pretoria is the part of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities including Centurion. There have been proposals to change the name of Pretoria itself to Tshwane, the elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over Dingane and the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River. The elder Pretorius also negotiated the Sand River Convention, in which Britain acknowledged the independence of the Transvaal and it became the capital of the South African Republic on 1 May 1860. The founding of Pretoria as the capital of the South African Republic can be seen as marking the end of the Boers settlement movements of the Great Trek, during the First Boer War, the city was besieged by Republican forces in December 1880 and March 1881. The peace treaty ended the war was signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881 at the Pretoria Convention. The Second Boer War resulted in the end of the Transvaal Republic, the city surrendered to British forces under Frederick Roberts on 5 June 1900 and the conflict was ended in Pretoria with the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902. The Pretoria Forts were built for the defence of the city just prior to the Second Boer War, though some of these forts are today in ruins, a number of them have been preserved as national monuments. The Boer Republics of the ZAR and the Orange River Colony were united with the Cape Colony, Pretoria then became the administrative capital of the whole of South Africa, with Cape Town the legislative capital and Bloemfontein served as the judicial capital. Between 1910 and 1994, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal, on 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status. When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria remained its administrative capital and it lies at an altitude of about 1,339 m above sea level, in a warm, sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range. Pretoria has a subtropical climate with long hot rainy summers and short cool to cold. The city experiences the typical winters of South Africa with cold, clear nights, although the average lows during winter are mild it can get bitterly cold due to the clear skies, with nighttime low temperatures in recent years in the range of 2 to −5 °C. The average annual temperature is 18.7 °C, rain is chiefly concentrated in the summer months, with drought conditions prevailing over the winter months, when frosts may be sharp. Snowfall is a rare event, snowflakes were spotted in 1959,1968 and 2012 in the city. During a nationwide heatwave in November 2011, Pretoria experienced temperatures that reached 39 °C, similar record-breaking extreme heat events also occurred in January 2013, when Pretoria experienced temperatures exceeding 37 °C on several days. The year 2014 was one of the wettest on record for the city, a total of 914 mm fell up to the end of December, with 220 mm recorded in this month alone
Pretoria
–
Clockwise from top left: Pretoria CBD skyline, Front view of the
Union Buildings,
Voortrekker Monument, Administration Building of the
University of Pretoria,
Church Square,
Loftus Versfeld Stadium and the
Palace of Justice.
Pretoria
–
Seal
Pretoria
–
Statue of Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (27 November 1798 – 23 July 1853) in Pretoria
Pretoria
–
The
Union Buildings, seat of South Africa's government
6.
Propeller (aeronautics)
–
An aircraft propeller or airscrew converts rotary motion from an engine or other mechanical power source, to provide propulsive force. It comprises a rotating hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, the propeller attaches to the power sources driveshaft either directly or, especially on larger designs, through reduction gearing. Most early aircraft propellers were carved by hand from solid or laminated wood, more recently, composite materials are becoming increasingly used. The earliest references for vertical flight came from China, since around 400 BC, Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. This bamboo-copter is spun by rolling a stick attached to a rotor between ones hands, the spinning creates lift, and the toy flies when released. The 4th-century AD Daoist book Baopuzi by Ge Hong reportedly describes some of the ideas inherent to rotary wing aircraft, designs similar to the Chinese helicopter toy appeared in Renaissance paintings and other works. It was not until the early 1480s, when Leonardo da Vinci created a design for a machine that could be described as an aerial screw, that any recorded advancement was made towards vertical flight. His notes suggested that he built flying models, but there were no indications for any provision to stop the rotor from making the craft rotate. As scientific knowledge increased and became accepted, men continued to pursue the idea of vertical flight. Many of these models and machines would more closely resemble the ancient bamboo flying top with spinning wings. In July 1754, Russian Mikhail Lomonosov had developed a small coaxial modeled after the Chinese top but powered by a spring device. It was powered by a spring, and was suggested as a method to lift meteorological instruments, a dirigible airship was described by Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier presented in 1783. The drawings depict a 260-foot-long streamlined envelope with internal ballonnets that could be used for regulating lift, the airship was designed to be driven by three propellers. In 1784 Jean-Pierre Blanchard fitted a hand-powered propeller to a balloon, sir George Cayley, influenced by a childhood fascination with the Chinese flying top, developed a model of feathers, similar to that of Launoy and Bienvenu, but powered by rubber bands. By the end of the century, he had progressed to using sheets of tin for rotor blades and his writings on his experiments and models would become influential on future aviation pioneers. William Bland sent designs for his Atmotic Airship to the Great Exhibition held in London in 1851 and this was an elongated balloon with a steam engine driving twin propellers suspended underneath. Alphonse Pénaud developed coaxial rotor model helicopter toys in 1870, also powered by rubber bands, in 1872 Dupuy de Lome launched a large navigable balloon, which was driven by a large propeller turned by eight men
Propeller (aeronautics)
–
The feathered propellers of an
RAF Hercules C.4
Propeller (aeronautics)
–
The three-bladed propeller of a light aircraft: the
Vans RV-7A
Propeller (aeronautics)
–
Cut-away view of a
Hamilton Standard propeller. This type of propeller was used on many American fighters, bombers and transport aircraft of
World War II
Propeller (aeronautics)
–
Feathered propeller on the outboard
TP400 turboprop of an
Airbus A400M
7.
Kalahari desert
–
The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy savannah in Southern Africa extending 900,000 square kilometres, covering much of Botswana, parts of Namibia, and regions of South Africa. Derived from the Tswana word Kgala, meaning the great thirst, or Kgalagadi, meaning a waterless place, drainage is by dry valleys, seasonally inundated pans, and the large salt pans of the Makgadikgadi Pan in Botswana and Etosha Pan in Namibia. The only permanent river, the Okavango, flows into a delta in the northwest, ancient dry riverbeds—called omuramba—traverse the central northern reaches of the Kalahari and provide standing pools of water during the rainy season. A semi-desert, with tracts of excellent grazing after good rains. There are small amounts of rainfall and the temperature is very high. The driest areas usually receive 110–200 millimetres of rain per year, the surrounding Kalahari Basin covers over 2,500,000 square kilometres extending further into Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, and encroaching into parts of Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Kalahari is home to migratory birds and animals. The area is now heavily grazed and cattle fences restrict the movement of wildlife, among deserts of the Southern Hemisphere, the Kalahari most closely resembles some Australian deserts in its latitude and its mode of formation. The Kalahari Desert came into existence approximately sixty years ago along with the formation of the African continent. North and east, approximately where the dry forests, savannahs and salt lakes prevail, South and west, where the vegetation is predominantly xeric savanna or even a semi-desert, the climate is Kalaharian semi-arid. The Kalaharian climate is subtropical, and is semi-arid with the dry season during the cold season and it is the southern tropical equivalent of the Sahelian climate. For example, winter frost is common from June to August, as in the Sahel, the wet season in the Kalahari is during the six coldest months of the year. The dry season lasts eight months or more, and the wet season typically from less than one month to four months, the southwestern Kalahari is the driest area, in particular a small region located towards the west-southwest of Tsaraxaibis. The average annual rainfall ranging from around 110 mm to more than 500 mm in areas of the north. In the driest and sunniest parts of the Kalahari, over 4,000 hours of sunshine are recorded annually on average. There are huge subterranean water reserves beneath parts of the Kalahari, such reserves may be in part the residues of ancient lakes, the Kalahari Desert was once a much wetter place. The ancient Lake Makgadikgadi dominated the area, covering the Makgadikgadi Pan and surrounding areas and it may have once covered as much as 120,000 square kilometres. The Kalahari has had a complex climatic history over the past million or so years, changes in the last 250,000 years have been reconstructed form various data sources, and provide evidence of both former extensive lakes and periods drier than now
Kalahari desert
–
Kalahari in Namibia
Kalahari desert
–
A satellite image of the Kalahari by
NASA World Wind
Kalahari desert
–
A
meerkat in the Kalahari
Kalahari desert
–
The endangered
African Wild Dog in CKGR
8.
University of the Orange Free State
–
The University of the Free State is a multi campus public university in Bloemfontein, the capital of the Free State and the judicial capital of South Africa. The long-held dream of an institution of education in the Free State became a reality in 1904 when the Grey College first accepted matriculants for a full B. A. course. In 1906 the tertiary part of Grey College became known as the Grey University College, in 1910, the Parliament of the Orange River Colony passed legislation declaring the GUC an official educational institution in the fields of the Arts and Sciences. Initially, the medium of instruction was English, but later changed to be bilingual. The name was changed to the University College of the Orange Free State—the Afrikaans version of this change is the source of the word used to this day to refer to students of the University. In the late 1940s, the medium of instruction was changed to Afrikaans, the University was declared a full-fledged, independent university in 1950, and the name was again changed to the University of the Orange Free State. In 1993, it adopted a system of parallel-medium tuition, today, all classes are offered in Afrikaans and English. Subsequent to the adoption in 1999 of a new university statute, today, the University of the Free State boasts more students than ever in its history. In February 2001, the Universitys name changed to the University of the Free State, in 2004, the University celebrated its centenary. The universitys Bloemfontein Campus is near the city centre, the university also has two additional satellite campuses. One is also situated in Bloemfontein, referred to as South Campus, the University sports facilities cater for more than 20 sports, medical facilities and cultural activities, ranging from the political arena to outdoor life and the creative arts. It has a student centre, a student newspaper and a radio station. In addition, students have access to a library, a career and guidance centre, a student theatre, P. W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. Hansie Cronje, Controversial South African cricketer and captain of the South African national cricket team in the 1990s, leon Schuster, Well known South African filmmaker, comedian, actor, presenter and singer. Colin Ingram, Cricketer of the current South African national cricket team, susan Vosloo, South Africas first female cardio-thoracic surgeon. Rolene Strauss, Miss World 2014 Wayde van Niekerk, 400m world record holder, category, University of the Free State faculty In 2010 Webometrics ranked the university the 9th best in South Africa and 2095th in the world. After having previously been only to whites, UFS admitted its first black students in the early 1990s. Large majorities of students of all races supported racial integration of the housing facilities, however, in the mid- to late-1990s, blacks began to form a larger percentage of the student body and began to be less enthusiastic about continuing traditions from the white-only history of UFS
University of the Orange Free State
–
The main campus building
University of the Orange Free State
–
University of the Free State
University of the Orange Free State
–
Oprah Winfrey received an honorary doctorate in education from the university on 24 June 2011
9.
University of Toronto
–
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queens Park. It was founded by charter in 1827 as Kings College. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution, as a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, by a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University, the Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football and ice hockey. The universitys Hart House is an example of the North American student centre. The founding of a college had long been the desire of John Graves Simcoe. As an Oxford-educated military commander who had fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 a college be established in York, the colonial capital. On March 15,1827, a charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming from this time one College, with the style. For the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, the granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential Anglican Bishop of Toronto who took office as the colleges first president. The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queens Park, under Strachans stewardship, Kings College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact. Reformist politicians opposed the control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized. Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary, University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, while the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887, when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine. Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees, the university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888, when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate. Women were first admitted to the university in 1884, over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachans Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991, the University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canadas first academic publishing house
University of Toronto
–
A painting by
Sir Edmund Walker depicts
University College as it appeared in 1858.
University of Toronto
–
University of Toronto
University of Toronto
–
A
Sopwith Camel aircraft rests on the Front Campus lawn in 1918, during World War I.
University of Toronto
–
Soldiers' Tower, a memorial to alumni fallen in the World Wars, contains a 51-bell
carillon.
10.
Special K
–
Special K is a lightly toasted breakfast cereal manufactured by the Kellogg Company. The cereal was introduced to the United States in 1955 and it is made primarily from rice and wheat. Special K is marketed primarily as a low-fat cereal that can be eaten to help one lose weight, the cereal frequently has give-away offers for various health and fitness products or contains dieting information on the back of the box. It is also targeted at adults, rather than children. The Special K brand advocates the Special K Challenge, the goal of this challenge is to help an individual lose six pounds in two weeks, this loss is achieved by eating specific Special K products throughout the day. The diet begins with a serving of any Special K cereal, accompanied with 2/3 cup of skim milk. The second meal of the diet may include either a Special K Protein Meal Bar, Special K Protein Shake, or another serving of Special K cereal with 2/3 cup of skim milk, the third meal of the day may be consumed normally, without any Special K restrictions. For any additional snack servings, an individual may consume fruits, during the challenge, drinks may be consumed normally. Critics of the Special K diet feel that it may leave dieters feeling hungry because of its limited food options, the diet has been criticised for being too low in protein, fiber, vegetables, and fruits. The diet does not include guidance on how to change unhealthy overeating or lack of exercise, in the United States, Special K Original has 120 Cal per 31g cup serving. One serving contains 0. 5g fat, 23g carbohydrates, 4g sugar, in the United Kingdom, Special K Original is 17% sugar, meaning a 30g serving contains 5g of sugar. The study found that after 2 weeks, up to 75% of subjects had slimmer waists, the universitys scientists concluded that the majority of this was due to fat loss. Vitamins and minerals include vitamin C, vitamin E, niacinamide, reduced iron, vitamin B6, vitamin B1, vitamin A, vitamin B2, folic acid, in the US, Special K provides meal replacements in two different forms, protein meal bars and protein shakes. There are eight varieties of Special K Protein Shakes, Milk Chocolate, Strawberry, French Vanilla, Rich Chocolate, Strawberry Banana, Chocolate Mocha, Vanilla Cappuccino, Kelloggs Special K snacks are marketed as low-fat alternatives to regular snacks. There are four varieties of Special K Protein Granola Bars, Chocolatey Peanut Butter, Dark Chocolate, Greek Yogurt & Fruit, and Almond Honey Oat. There are five varieties of Special K Breakfast Shakes, Chocolate Mocha Coffee House, Vanilla Cappuccino Coffee House, Chocolate Delight, Red Berries, there are two varieties of Special K Cereal Bars, Red Berries, and Chocolatey Pretzel. There are five varieties of Special K Cracker Chips, Sea Salt, Cheddar, Sour Cream & Onion, Barbecue, there are two varieties of Special K Popcorn, Kettle Corn and White Cheddar. There is one variety of Special K Crackers, Multi-grain, Kelloggs Special K2O Protein Water was a beverage released in September 2006 by the Kellogg Company
Special K
–
Special K Red Berries
Special K
–
Divisions and brands
11.
Revlon
–
Revlon, Inc. is an American multinational cosmetics, skin care, fragrance, and personal care company founded in 1932 and based in New York City. Revlon was founded in the midst of the Great Depression,1932, by Charles Revson and his brother Joseph along with a chemist, Charles Lachman, who contributed the L in the Revlon name. Starting with a single product — a new type of nail enamel — the three founders pooled their resources and developed a manufacturing process. Using pigments instead of dyes, Revlon developed a variety of new shades of opaque nail enamel, in 1937, Revlon started selling the polishes in department stores and drug stores. In six years, the became a multimillion-dollar organization. By 1940, Revlon offered an entire line, and added lipstick to the collection. During World War II, Revlon created makeup and related products for the U. S. Army, by the end of the war, Revlon was listed as one of Americas top five cosmetic houses. Expanding its capabilities, the company bought Graef & Schmidt, a cutlery manufacturer seized by the government in 1943 because of German business ties and this acquisition made it possible for Revlon to produce its own manicure and pedicure instruments, instead of buying them from outside supply sources. In November 1955, Revlon went public, the IPO price was $12 per share, but it reached $30 per share within 8 weeks. In the 1960s, Revson segmented Revlon Inc into different divisions and he borrowed this strategy from General Motors. Other acquisitions, such as Ty-D-Bol, the maker of toilet cleansers, evan Picone, a womens sportswear manufacturer which came with a price tag of $12 million in 1962, was sold back to one of the original partners four years later for $1 million. However, the 1967 acquisition of U. S, vitamin and Pharmaceutical Corporation made Revlon a leader in diabetes drugs. The company began to market its products overseas at the end of the 1950s, by 1962, when Revlon debuted in Japan, there were subsidiaries in France, Italy, Argentina, Mexico, and Asia. Revlons entrance into the Japanese market was typical of its sales strategy. Instead of adapting its ads and using Japanese models, Revlon chose to use its basic U. S. advertising, Japanese women loved the American look, and the sales for 1962 came to almost $164 million. In 1968, Revlon introduced Eterna27, the first cosmetic cream with a precursor called Progenitin, as well as introducing the worlds first American fashion designer fragrance. Later, Revlon launched Braggi and Pub for men, and a line of wig maintenance products called Wig Wonder, in 1970, Revlon acquired the Mitchum line of deodorants. In 1971 Flex shampoo and conditioner was introduced, geared to the under-30 market, Charlie model Shelley Hack in Ralph Lauren clothes, personified the independent woman of the 1970s
Revlon
–
Revlon Incorporated
Revlon
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Revlon counter in
New Zealand department store
Farmers
Revlon
–
Tram with Revlon advertising in
Hong Kong, June 2007
Revlon
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Becky Gulsvig at Revlon Run/Walk for Cancer
12.
Time (magazine)
–
Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
Time (magazine)
–
The first issue of Time (March 3, 1923), featuring
Speaker Joseph G. Cannon.
Time (magazine)
–
Bibi Aisha on the Cover of Time.
Time (magazine)
–
Time Magazine red X covers: from left to right, Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and Osama bin Laden.
13.
New York (magazine)
–
New York is a bi-weekly magazine concerned with life, culture, politics, and style generally, and with a particular emphasis on New York City. Founded by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to The New Yorker, it was brasher and less polite, and established itself as a cradle of New Journalism. Since its redesign and relaunch in 2004, the magazine has won more National Magazine Awards than any other publication and it was one of the first dual-audience lifestyle magazines, and its format and style have been emulated by some other American regional city publications. In 2009, its paid and verified circulation was 408,622 and its websites—NYmag. com, Vulture. com, The Cut, and Grub Street—receive visits from more than 14 million users per month. New York began life in 1963 as the Sunday-magazine supplement of the New York Herald Tribune newspaper, edited first by Sheldon Zalaznick and then by Clay Felker, the magazine showcased the work of several talented Tribune contributors, including Tom Wolfe, Barbara Goldsmith, and Jimmy Breslin. Soon after the Tribune went out of business in 1966–67, Felker and his partner, Milton Glaser, gerald Goldsmith, and reincarnated the magazine as a stand-alone glossy. Joining them was managing editor Jack Nessel, Felkers number-two at the Herald Tribune, New Yorks first issue was dated April 8,1968. Among the by-lines were many names from the magazines earlier incarnation, including Breslin, Wolfe, and George Goodman. Within a year, Felker had assembled a team of contributors who would come to define the magazines voice, Breslin became a regular, as did Gloria Steinem, who wrote the city-politics column, and Gail Sheehy. Harold Clurman was hired as the theater critic, Alan Rich covered the classical-music scene. Gael Greene, writing under the rubric The Insatiable Critic, reviewed restaurants, Woody Allen contributed a few stories for the magazine in its early years. The magazines regional focus and innovative illustrations inspired numerous imitators across the country, the office for the magazine was on the top floor of the old Tammany Hall clubhouse at 207 East 32nd Street, which Glaser owned. Wolfe, a contributor to the magazine, wrote a story in 1970 that captured the spirit of the magazine, Radical Chic. The article described a benefit party for the Black Panthers, held in Leonard Bernsteins apartment, in a collision of high culture, in 1972, New York also launched Ms. magazine, which began as a special issue. New West, a magazine on New Yorks model that covered California life, was also published for a few years in the 1970s. As the 1970s progressed, Felker continued to broaden the magazines editorial vision beyond Manhattan, covering Richard Nixon, twenty years later, Cohn admitted that hed done no more than drive by Odysseys door, and that hed made the rest up. It was a problem of what Wolfe, in 1972, had labeled The New Journalism. In 1976, the Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch bought the magazine in a hostile takeover, a succession of editors followed, including Joe Armstrong and John Berendt
New York (magazine)
–
June 8, 1970 issue
14.
Virgin America
–
Virgin America Inc. is an American airline that was founded in 2004 and began operations in 2007. The airlines mission statement entails providing low-fare, high-quality service for service between major cities on the Eastern and West Coast seaboards. Virgin Americas frequent flyer program Elevate provides award flights and other benefits to frequent fliers, Alaska Air Group acquired Virgin America in 2016, at a valuation of $2.6 billion, with additional expenses bringing the cost to approximately $4 billion. With the transaction, Virgin America became a carrier to the other Alaska Air Group subsidiaries Alaska Airlines. Alaska Air Group is set to merge Virgin America with Alaska Airlines, in early 2004, Virgin Group announced its intention to found a United States-based, low-fare airline called Virgin USA. At the time, Virgin USA expected flights to begin by mid-2005, after considering several key areas, the San Francisco Bay Area was chosen as the location of its flight operations center and later as its corporate headquarters. Virgin America secured U. S. investors Black Canyon Capital, once the new owners were on board, Virgin’s General Counsel submitted the required U. S. Department of Transportation certificate application on December 9,2005. Unfortunately, despite significant public support for the new California-based airline, the application was initially denied by the Department of Transportation on December 27,2006. Additionally, Virgin America was open to removing Richard Branson from the board of directors. Virgin America was tentatively cleared to fly by the U. S, the airline protested the stipulation concerning Reids removal to the federal regulators, arguing that the other stipulations ensured that the business would not be ruled by foreign interests. The Department of Transportations final agreement was to allow Reid to remain involved with Virgin America until February 2008, Virgin America began selling tickets in July 2007. On August 8,2007 the airline made its inaugural New York and Los Angeles to San Francisco flights - the aircraft were named Air Colbert, after comedian Stephen Colbert, in December 2007, C. David Cush replaced Reid as CEO of the airline. From the beginning of operations, Virgin America reported losses, beginning with $270 million in its first month, until the quarter of 2010. On May 21,2009, Virgin America became the first U. S. airline to offer Wi-Fi access via Gogo Inflight Internet on every flight, between November 10,2009, and January 15,2010, the airline offered free WiFi with a subsidy from Google. On December 17,2014, Virgin America announced that it would be offering faster fleet-wide ATG-4 inflight WiFi service from Gogo, in March 2010, Virgin America announced its intention to start flying to Toronto from Los Angeles and San Francisco, making it the airlines first international destination. Following the Department of Transportations approval of Virgin Americas proposal to fly to Canada, however, due to high operating costs and higher demand for Dallas/Fort-Worth, Virgin America terminated Toronto service on April 6,2011. As a result, Virgin America transported almost 31,000 passengers through Dallas Love Field in the first month, in April 2011, Virgin Americas hub at San Francisco International Airport relocated to the newly remodeled Terminal 2, sharing the gates with American Airlines. In late October 2011, the migrated to Sabres global distribution system that handles reservations, frequent-flier accounts, flight operations data
Virgin America
–
Airbus A319 "Moodlights, camera, action" at
McCarran International Airport
Virgin America
–
Virgin America's check-in area at
Chicago O'Hare.
Virgin America
–
"Air Colbert", the aircraft used on Virgin America's inaugural flight, on the ground at
Seattle–Tacoma International Airport
Virgin America
–
Virgin America Economy Class
15.
New York Times
–
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
New York Times
–
Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
New York Times
–
The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
New York Times
–
The New York Times newsroom, 1942
New York Times
–
A speech in the newsroom after announcement of
Pulitzer Prize winners, 2009
16.
Zip2
–
Zip2 was a company which primarily provided and licensed online city guide software to newspapers. The company started as Global Link Information Network in 1995 founded by brothers Elon and Kimbal Musk in Palo Alto, initially, Global Link provided local businesses with an Internet presence by linking their services to searchers and providing directions. Elon Musk combined a free Navteq database with a Palo Alto business database to create the first system, the company then began to assist newspapers in designing online city guides before being purchased by Compaq Computer in 1999. In 1996, Global Link received US$3 million in investments from Mohr Davidow Ventures, Davidow Ventures changed the fundamental strategy of Zip2 from localized direct to business sales to instead selling national back end software packages to newspapers to build their own directories. Elon Musk was appointed the Chief Technology Officer and Rich Sorkin became the Chief Executive Officer, Zip2 trademarked We Power the Press as its official slogan and continued to grow. By 1998, the company had partnered with about 160 newspapers, including The New York Times, to develop guides to cities, according to chairman and founder Elon Musk, twenty of those newspapers led to full-scale city guides. The New York Times reported that Zip2 also provided newspapers with a directory, calendar. Zip2 allowed for communication between users and advertisers. Users could message advertisers and have that message forwarded to their fax machine, likewise, advertisers could fax users and users could view that fax using specific URLs. One Zip2 product was called Auto Guide, autoGuide connected online newspaper users with local dealership or private party car sellers. In April 1998, Zip2 attempted to merge with CitySearch, its main competitor, while Musk initially supported the merger, he persuaded the board of directors to not undergo the merger. The two companies cited incompatibilities in cultures and technology as the reason for the failure, according to The New York Times. In February 1999, Compaq Computer offered US$307 million to acquire Zip2, Elon and Kimbal Musk, the original founders, netted US$22 million and $15 million respectively. The company was purchased to create a unit for Compaqs AltaVista web search engine
Zip2
–
Musk at the 2015 Tesla Motors Annual Shareholder Meeting
Zip2
–
Musk and President
Barack Obama at the Falcon 9 launch site in 2010
Zip2
–
Musk observing an assembly demo at the reopening of the
NUMMI plant, now known as the
Tesla Factory (
Fremont, California) in 2010
Zip2
–
Musk standing in front of a Tesla Model S in 2011
17.
PayPal
–
PayPal is one of the worlds largest Internet payment companies. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and other commercial users, established in 1998, PayPal had its IPO in 2002, and became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year. In 2014, PayPal moved $228 billion in 30 currencies across more than 190 nations, the same year, eBay announced plans to spin-off PayPal into an independent company by mid-2015 and this was completed on July 18,2015. On July 20,2015, PayPal had its second IPO, PayPal was established in December 1998 as Confinity, a company that developed security software for handheld devices founded by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, Luke Nosek and Ken Howery. PayPal was developed and launched as a transfer service at Confinity in 1999. In March 2000, Confinity merged with X. com, a banking company founded by Elon Musk. Musk was optimistic about the success of the money transfer business Confinity was developing. Musk and then-president and CEO of X. com, Bill Harris, disagreed on this point, in October of that year, Musk made the decision that X. com would terminate its other Internet banking operations and focus on the PayPal money service. The X. com company was then renamed PayPal in 2001, Paypals IPO listed under the ticker PYPL at $13 per share and ended up generating over $61 million. Shortly after PayPals IPO, the company was acquired by eBay in July 2002 for $1.5 billion, more than 70 percent of all eBay auctions accepted PayPal payments, and roughly 1 in 4 closed auction listings were transacted via PayPal. PayPal acquired the VeriSign payment solution in 2005 to expand its e-commerce business, by the end of 2007, the company generated $1.8 billion in revenue. In November 2008, the company acquired Bill Me Later, a payments company offering transactional credit at over 9000 online merchants in the US. PayPal revenues for Q12009 were $643 million, up 11 percent year over year,42 percent of revenues in Q12009 were from international markets. PayPals Total Payment Volume, the value of transactions in Q12009 was nearly $16 billion. By 2010, PayPal had over 100 million active user accounts in 190 markets through 25 different currencies, in July 2011, fourteen alleged members of the Anonymous hacktivist group were charged with attempting to disrupt PayPals operations. The denial of service attacks occurred in December 2010, after PayPal stopped processing donations to Wikileaks, on December 5,2013,13 of the PayPal 14 pleaded guilty to misdemeanor and felony charges related to the attacks. The company continued to focus on growth and growth of its Merchant Services division. In 2011, PayPal announced that it would begin moving its business offline so that customers can make payments via PayPal in stores
PayPal
–
PayPal's corporate headquarters in San Jose, California
PayPal
–
eBay, PayPal, Kijiji, and StubHub in Toronto
PayPal
–
PayPal Operations Center and main office located in
Omaha, NE
18.
SpaceX
–
Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, better known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs, SpaceX has since developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and the Dragon spacecraft family, which both currently deliver payloads into Earth orbit. As of March 2017, SpaceX has since flown ten missions to the International Space Station under a cargo resupply contract, SpaceX announced in 2011 they were beginning a privately funded reusable launch system technology development program. In December 2015, a first stage was flown back to a landing pad near the launch site and this was the first such achievement by a rocket for orbital spaceflight. In April 2016, with the launch of CRS-8, SpaceX successfully vertically landed a first stage on an ocean drone-ship landing platform, in May 2016, in another first, SpaceX again landed a first stage, but during a significantly more energetic geostationary transfer orbit mission. In March 2017, SpaceX became the first to successfully re-launch and this is the main purpose this System was designed for. In February 2017, Elon Musk announced that the company had contracted by two private individuals to send them in a Dragon spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon. Provisionally launching in 2018, this may become the first instance of lunar tourism. Musk tried to buy cheap rockets from Russia, but returned empty-handed after failing to find rockets for an affordable price, on the flight home, Musk realized that he could start a company that could build the affordable rockets he needed. According to early Tesla and SpaceX investor Steve Jurvetson, Musk calculated that the raw materials for building a rocket actually were only 3 percent of the price of a rocket at the time. SpaceX started with the smallest useful orbital rocket, instead of building a complex and riskier launch vehicle. In early 2002, Musk was seeking staff for his new space company, Musk approached renowned rocket engineer Tom Mueller and Mueller agreed to work for Musk, and thus SpaceX was born. SpaceX was first headquartered in a warehouse in El Segundo, California, the company has grown rapidly since it was founded in 2002, growing from 160 employees in 2005 to nearly 5,000 in late 2015 and February 2016. At year-end 2012, SpaceX had over 40 launches on its manifest representing about $4 billion in contract revenue, the contracts included both commercial and government customers. As of December 2013, SpaceX had a total of 50 future launches under contract, Musk has stated that one of his goals is to improve the cost and reliability of access to space, ultimately by a factor of ten. CEO Elon Musk said, I believe $500 per pound or less is very achievable, a major goal of SpaceX has been to develop a rapidly reusable launch system. Musk stated in a 2011 interview that he hopes to send humans to Mars surface within 10–20 years, in 2010, Musks calculations convinced him that the colonization of Mars was possible. After completing its primary burn, the first stage of the rocket detached from the second stage as usual
SpaceX
–
The company's headquarters, located in
Hawthorne, California.
SpaceX
–
SpaceX employees with the Dragon capsule at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne, California, February, 2015.
SpaceX
–
Falcon 9 v1.1 rocket cores under construction at the SpaceX Hawthorne facility, November 2014.
SpaceX
–
SpaceX McGregor engine test bunker, September 2012
19.
Tesla Motors
–
Tesla, Inc. is an American automaker, energy storage company, and solar panel manufacturer based in Palo Alto, California. The company was founded in 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, although the company also considers Elon Musk, JB Straubel. The company specializes in electric cars, Lithium-ion battery energy storage, Tesla first gained widespread attention following its production of the Tesla Roadster, the first electric sports car, in 2008. The companys second vehicle, the Model S, a luxury sedan. In Q12013, Tesla released its stock profits for the first time from its NASDAQ ticker symbol, the Model S has been the worlds best-selling plug-in electric car for two years in a row,2015 and 2016. Its global sales achieved the 150,000 unit milestone in November 2016, four years, as of December 2016, the Model S ranks as the worlds all-time second best-selling plug-in after the Nissan Leaf. The Model S was then followed by the Model X, a crossover SUV, Teslas next vehicle is the Model 3, which was unveiled in March 2016. It is slated for release in 2017 with a price at US$35,000, for two years running,2015 and 2016, Tesla ranked as the worlds second best selling manufacturer of plug-in electric cars after BYD Auto. Musk, the CEO, has said that he envisions Tesla as a company and independent automaker. Tesla has a network of high-powered Superchargers located across North America, Europe, the company also operates a Destination Charging program, under which shops, restaurants and other venues are offered fast chargers for their customers. Although Tesla operates a number of production and assembly plants, the companys most iconic facility is the Gigafactory 1 near Reno, Nevada, Tesla also manufactures the Tesla Powerwall, Powerpack batteries, and solar panels for home and industry applications. Elon Musk owns 20. 8% stake in the company as of March 2017, Tesla is named after electrical engineer and physicist Nikola Tesla. The Tesla Roadster uses an AC motor descended directly from Nikola Teslas original 1882 design, the Roadster, the companys first vehicle, was the first production automobile to use lithium-ion battery cells and the first production EV with a range greater than 200 miles per charge. Between 2008 and March 2012, Tesla sold more than 2,250 Roadsters in 31 countries, Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the U. S. market in August 2011. In December 2012, Tesla employed almost 3,000 full-time employees, by December 31,2015, this number had grown to 13,058 employees, and to over 30,000 after acquiring Grohmann and SolarCity in late 2016. Tesla unveiled the Tesla Model S all-electric sedan on March 26,2009, Tesla unveiled the Model X crossover SUV on February 9,2012 and first deliveries began in September 2015. Global sales of the Model S passed the 100,000 unit milestone in December 2015, the Model 3, the companys first model aimed for the mass market, was unveiled in March 2016. A week after the unveiling, global reservations totaled 325,000 units, as of November 2016, the Model S ranks as the worlds second-best-selling plug-in electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf, and ahead of the Volt/Ampera family of plug-in hybrids
Tesla Motors
–
Tesla's global corporate headquarters in
Palo Alto, California
Tesla Motors
–
Early days: Marc Tarpenning (left) and
Martin Eberhard (right), with a
Tesla Roadster
Tesla Motors
–
The insignia of Tesla Motors as seen on a Tesla Roadster Sport
Tesla Motors
–
The Tesla obelisk is used to identify the Supercharger network sites in California.
20.
SolarCity
–
SolarCity Corporation is an American company that specializes in solar energy services. Headquartered in San Mateo, California, it is the largest solar energy provider in the US. SolarCity sells renewable energy to customers at prices below utility rates, the company has over 15,000 employees. SolarCity has grown rapidly as well as the market in the United States. The company has diversified in 2014 and 2015, with the aim of lowering costs, currently, SolarCity installs more solar energy systems than any other company in the United States with just under 110,000 new installations in 2015. In 2015, SolarCity installed 870MW of solar power, approximately 28% of non-utility solar installation in the U. S. that year and it offers energy storage services through its parent company, Tesla Inc. including a turnkey residential battery backup service that incorporates Teslas Powerwall. In 2013, Solar Power World magazine listed SolarCity as the No.2 overall solar installation company in the U. S. The company is one of the members of The Alliance for Solar Choice, or TASC. SolarCity purchased Paramount Solar from Paramount Equity for $120 million in 2013, in March 2016 SpaceX bought $90 million of SolarCity stock. In June 2016, Musks car company, Tesla, formally submitted an offer to acquire SolarCity for $2. 5–3 billion, according to Musk, the reason for this is Creating a seamlessly integrated Tesla battery & solar power product that looks beautiful. On August 1,2016, SolarCity accepted Tesla Motors offer of 2.6 billion, other steps to finalize the merger will not complete until later in 2016. As of August 2016, Musk owned 22% of SolarCity stock, in August 2016, it was announced that the company plans to take up $5 million in charges to cover its planned layoffs. The company was cutting the salary of its two co-founders from $275,000 to $1 per year. On March 2,2017 it was announced that SolarCity eliminated 3,000 jobs in 2016 and this information was disclosed in a regulatory filing the previous day. The company did so to preserve cash, the job cuts affected workers across the entire company, operations, installations, manufacturing, and sales and marketing. In operations, installations, and manufacturing, 22% of jobs were cut, in sales and marketing, 27% of jobs were cut. 2016 was the first year in the history that SolarCity cut its workforce. At the end of 2016, SolarCity had 12,243 employees, at the end of 2015, in 2015, the number of employees had grown by 68. 7%
SolarCity
–
Original SolarCity headquarters in
Foster City, California
SolarCity
–
Installation vehicles with the original SolarCity logo
SolarCity
–
SolarCity vehicle with current SolarCity logo at night
21.
Hyperloop
–
Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that would propel a pod-like vehicle through a reduced-pressure tube that would exceed airliner speed. The alpha version of the proposal, published on the SpaceX website, describes design claims of the system, the pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear electric motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings. The tubes could also go above ground on columns or underground and it is hoped that the system will be highly energy-efficient, quiet and autonomous. The concept, created by Elon Musk in 2012, incorporates reduced-pressure tubes in which pressurized capsules ride on an air cushion driven by induction motors. Preliminary cost estimates for the LA–SF suggested route were included in the white paper—US$6 billion for a passenger-only version, the Hyperloop concept has been explicitly open-sourced by Musk and SpaceX, and others have been encouraged to take the ideas and further develop them. To that end, a few companies have formed. SpaceX is building an approximately 1-mile-long subscale track for its pod design competition at its headquarters in Hawthorne, some experts are skeptical, saying that the proposals ignore the expenses and risks of developing the technology and that the idea is completely impractical. Claims have also made that the Hyperloop is too susceptible to disruption from a power outage or terror attacks to be considered safe. The general idea of trains or other transportation traveling through evacuated tubes dates back more than a century although the railway was never a commercial success. Musk first mentioned that he was thinking about a concept for a mode of transport, calling it the Hyperloop, in July 2012 at a PandoDaily event in Santa Monica. The name Hyperloop was chosen because it would go in a loop, Musk envisions the more advanced versions will be able to go at hypersonic speed. In May 2013, Musk likened the Hyperloop to a cross between a Concorde and a railgun and an air hockey table, from late 2012 until August 2013, a group of engineers from both Tesla and SpaceX worked on the conceptual modelling of Hyperloop. An early system design was published in the Tesla and SpaceX blogs, Musk has also invited feedback to see if the people can find ways to improve it. The Hyperloop will be an open source design, the following day he announced a plan to demonstrate the project. In June 2015, SpaceX announced that it would build a 1-mile-long test track to be located next to SpaceXs Hawthorne facility, the track would be used to test pod designs supplied by third parties in the competition. The MIT Hyperloop team developed the first Hyperloop pod prototype, which they unveiled at the MIT museum on May 13,2016 and their design was based on electrodynamic suspension for levitating and used eddy current braking. On January 29,2017, approximately one year after winning one of the Hyperloop pod competition. Developments in high-speed rail have historically been impeded by the difficulties in managing friction and air resistance, the vactrain concept theoretically eliminates these obstacles by employing magnetically levitating trains in evacuated or partly evacuated tubes, allowing for speeds of thousands of miles per hour
Hyperloop
–
A 3D sketch of the Hyperloop infrastructure. The steel tubes are rendered transparent in this image.
22.
Wet Nellie
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Not to be confused with Wet Nelly. Wet Nellie is a submarine, created for the 1977 James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me in the shape of a Lotus Esprit S1 sports car. The Esprit was chosen to give James Bond a glamorous car to drive, Wet Nellie is named in reference to Little Nellie, an autogyro featured in the James Bond film You Only Live Twice. Little Nellie was named after Nellie Wallace, the submarine does not maintain a dry interior, and thus is a wet sub that requires occupants to don scuba gear. It was built by Perry Oceanographic, Inc. of Riviera Beach, Florida, USA, specifically for the film, using a Lotus Esprit S1 bodyshell, for about $100,000 at the time. The wedge shape of the Esprit is designed to provide downforce, so would force the submarine to dive, the sub requires a crew of two to operate. It has four electric motors that allowed forward motion only, the interior bears no resemblance to that of a car, being just a platform for the scuba divers, and the equipment used to operate, drive, and power the sub. During filming of The Spy Who Loved Me, the submarine was piloted by ex-U. S, the fictional history of the car in the film was that it was developed by Q-Branch. In filming, six Esprits were used, several specially modified for water duty, upon completion of filming, the submarine went on a promotional tour. Afterwards, it was shipped to Long Island, New York, the storage unit was prepaid for 10 years, at the end of the lease, no one claimed the contents, so the contents of the storage locker were placed on auction. The buyer paid less than $100 for the unit, the buyers did not know the contents when they bought it, and from 1989 to 2013 occasionally exhibited the submarine. The then owner, also owner of a rental shop, had the exterior restored. It was put up for auction as a Bond Car in 2013, in September 2013, the submarine sold at auction for £550,000, at RM Auctions in Battersea, south west London. Elon Musk bought the vehicle, and as of 2013, planned to convert it into the functional car-submarine from the film, Musk stated that he plans to use Tesla Motors electric drive train in making his conversion a reality
Wet Nellie
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Wet Nellie
23.
Talulah Riley
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Talulah Jane Riley-Milburn, known professionally as Talulah Riley, is an English actress. She has appeared in such as Pride & Prejudice, St Trinians, The Boat That Rocked, St. Trinians 2, The Legend of Frittons Gold. Riley grew up in Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, the child of Una Riley, founder of a security systems company and a PR company. Her father now works as a screenwriter and has written episodes of Silent Witness, Prime Suspect, Riley attended Cheltenham Ladies College, Berkhamsted Collegiate School and Haberdashers Askes School for Girls. While acting in London, she studied for a degree in Natural Sciences at the Open University, rileys television credits include episodes of Poirot, Marple, Doctor Who. She played Lila, a writer, in the short-lived E4 series Nearly Famous. She played Angela in the 2016 television remake of Westworld, Riley made her stage debut in The Philadelphia Story at the Old Vic in 2005. Her performance in a 2006 revival of Tennessee Williams Summer and Smoke was described by critic Rachel Read as being delightful, Riley appeared as a disguise used by Tom Hardys character in Inception. Also in 2010, The Summer House was released, which starred Riley in the lead role, by the end of the first day of release, it was the number one film on iTunes worldwide and dominated that position for several days. She also appeared in White Frog and she was featured on the March 2010 cover of Esquire. In 2011, she was named a Brit to Watch by the British Academy of Film, in 2008, Riley began dating billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk and in 2010 they married at Dornoch Cathedral. In January 2012, Musk announced that he had ended his relationship with Riley. In March 2012, Musk was seeking a divorce, however, in July 2013, Musk and Riley remarried. In a 60 Minutes interview in 2014, the stated that they had reconciled and were living together again. On 31 December 2014, the Associated Press reported that Musk had filed for divorce and it was reported that Riley had been living separately from Musk for six months and filed for a second divorce in Los Angeles Superior Court on 21 March 2016. The divorce was finalised in October 2016, Talulah Riley at the Internet Movie Database
Talulah Riley
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Riley on the set of
St. Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold in 2009.
24.
Lyndon Rive
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Rive co-founded SolarCity with his brother Peter in 2006. SolarCity is the largest residential solar installer in the United States, prior to co-founding SolarCity, Lyndon Rive co-founded the enterprise software company Everdream, which was ultimately acquired by Dell. Rive started his first company at age 17 before leaving his native South Africa, in his spare time, Rive plays underwater hockey. Rive is a cousin of SolarCity investor and entrepreneur Elon Musk, in 2010, Rive was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under age 35. In 2013, Rive was an EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award winner in the Northern California Region, Lyndon Rive as technologist and underwater hockey player
Lyndon Rive
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Rive in 2015
