The medieval renaissances were periods of cultural renewal across medieval Western Europe. These are effectively seen as occurring in three phases: the Carolingian Renaissance, Ottonian Renaissance an
Jean-Jacques Ampère was the first writer to speak of a medieval renaissance.
Charles H. Haskins published The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century in 1927
Carolingian minuscule, one of the products of the Carolingian Renaissance.
Enamel processional cross (Senkschmelzen-Kreuz), former Essen Abbey, about 1000
The Ottonian Renaissance was a renaissance of Byzantine and Late Antique art in Central and Southern Europe that accompanied the reigns of the first three Holy Roman Emperors of the Ottonian dynasty:
Medieval renaissances
…renewal across medieval Western Europe. These are effectively seen as occurring in three phases: the Carolingian Renaissance (8th and 9th centuries), Ottonian Renaissance (10th century) and the Renaissance of the 12th century. The term was first used by medievalists in the 19th century, by analogy with the historiographical…
Otto II, Registrum Gregorii, Trier, c. 985, 27 × 20 centimetres (7.9 in), Chantilly, Musée Condé
Abbot Witigowo of Reichenau (985–997), depicted here, restored the abbey's prominence in producing luxury manuscripts. Purchard, Life of Witigowo, Reichenau, folio 72r.
Stylized depiction of Abbo in a manuscript of Aristotle's Categories and Abbo's De syllogismis hypotheticis (Fleury, c. 962–986, folio 62)