Meduna is a toponymic surname of Celtic origin derived from the hydronym Meduna via the related toponym Meduna. It is first attested as the name of the homonymus river in a charter issued by Charlemagne in the year 794, and appears as a surname in the early 11th century in Italy and since the late 16th century in the Czech lands, form where it spread mainly to Austria, the United States and Brazil.

Tommaso Meduna (1798–1880), knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, was an Italian engineer.