1.
Fairfield, Connecticut
–
Fairfield is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the towns of Bridgeport, Trumbull, Easton, Weston, as of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 59,404. In July 2006, Money magazine ranked Fairfield the ninth best place to live in the United States, the Massachusetts General Court granted them permission to settle in the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford which is an area now known as Connecticut. On January 14,1639, a set of legal and administrative regulations called the Fundamental Orders was adopted, by 1639 these settlers had started new towns in the surrounding areas. Roger Ludlowe, framer of the Fundamental Orders, purchased the land presently called Fairfield, according to historian John M. Taylor, Early in 1639 the General Court granted a commission to Ludlow to begin a plantation at Pequannocke. He was on that errand, with a few others from Windsor, afterwards joined by immigrants from Watertown, Fairfield was one of the two principal settlements of the Connecticut Colony in southeastern Connecticut. The town line with Norwalk was not set until May 1685, over time, it gave rise to several new towns that broke off and incorporated separately. The following is a list of towns created from parts of Fairfield, in a predominantly Tory section of the colony, the people of Fairfield were early supporters of the cause for independence. Throughout the war, a constant battle was being fought across Long Island Sound as men from British-controlled Long Island raided the coast in whaleboats, Gold Selleck Silliman, whose home still stands on Jennings Road, was put in charge of the coastal defenses. In the spring of 1779, he was kidnapped from his home by Tory forces in preparation for a British raid on Fairfield County. His wife, Mary Silliman watched from their home as, on the morning of July 7,1779, approximately 2,000 enemy troops landed on Fairfield Beach near Pine Creek Point and proceeded to invade the town. When they left the evening, the entire town lay in ruins. Fairfield recovered slowly from the burning, but soon after the end of the war its houses, world War I brought Fairfield out of its agrarian past by triggering an unprecedented economic boom in Bridgeport, which was the center of a large munitions industry at the time. The prosperity created a shortage in the city, and many of the workers looked to Fairfield to build their homes. The trolley and later the automobile made the countryside accessible to these newly rich members of the class, who brought with them new habits, new attitudes. The prosperity lasted throughout the twenties, by the time of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the population had increased to 17,000 from the 6,000 it had been just before the war. Even during the Depression, the town kept expanding, the grounding of a barge with two crewmen on Penfield Reef in Fairfield during a gale led to the 1st civilian helicopter hoist rescue in history, on November 29,1945. The helicopter flew from the nearby Sikorsky Aircraft plant in Bridgeport, Fairfield became the home of the corporate headquarters of General Electric, one of the worlds largest companies
2.
Dennis Quaid
–
Dennis William Quaid is an American actor known for a wide variety of dramatic and comedic roles. First gaining widespread attention in the 1980s, his career rebounded in the 1990s after he overcame an addiction to drugs, for his role in Far from Heaven he won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor and several other accolades. Quaid was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Juanita B, nita Quaid, a real estate agent, and William Rudy Quaid, an electrician. Quaid has English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Cajun ancestry, Quaid dropped out of the University of Houston before graduating and moved to Hollywood to pursue an acting career. He initially had trouble finding work but began to notice when he appeared in Breaking Away. Known for his grin, Quaid has appeared in comedic and dramatic roles. Quaid had starring roles in the films Enemy Mine, Innerspace and he also achieved acclaim for his portrayal of Jerry Lee Lewis in Great Balls of Fire. In 1989, he appeared throughout the Bonnie Raitt music video for the song Thing Called Love. He continued to garner positive reviews in a variety of films, Quaid was also the guest star of a season 2 episode of Muppets Tonight. I. Joe, The Rise of Cobra, and Pandorum, in 2009, Quaid guest starred in an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, playing Mr. Krabs grandfather, Captain Redbeard. He portrayed U. S. President Bill Clinton, alongside Michael Sheen as Tony Blair and Hope Davis as Hillary Clinton, in 2012 and 2013, Quaid played Sheriff Ralph Lamb in the CBS TV drama series Vegas. In 2017 he starred in A Dogs Purpose, billed as a celebration of the connection between humans and their dogs. He received nominations for Best Supporting Actor from the Golden Globe Awards, the Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards, Quaid was also honored with a Distinguished Alumni Award from his alma mater, the University of Houston, in April 2012. Quaid has been married three times and has three children, Quaid and his first wife, actress P. J. Soles, were married on November 25,1978. On February 14,1991, Quaid married actress Meg Ryan, Quaid and Ryan fell in love during the shooting of their second film together, D. O. A. Quaid and Ryan have a son, Jack Henry and they announced their separation on June 28,2000, saying they had been separated six weeks by then. Their divorce was finalized July 16,2001, Meg Ryan later revealed to InStyle Quaid had been unfaithful to her for a long time while they were married. Quaid dated model Shanna Moakler in 2001 and they were together when she was approached by Playboy, and they discussed it before she posed nude in the magazine
3.
CBS
–
CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
4.
As the World Turns
–
As the World Turns is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2,1956, to September 17,2010. Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a show to her other soap opera Guiding Light. Running for 54 years, As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime soap opera on American television. As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan, set in the fictional town of Oakdale, Illinois, the show debuted on April 2,1956, at 1,30 pm EST. Prior to that date, all serials had been 15 minutes in length, as the World Turns and The Edge of Night, which premiered on the same day at 4,30 pm EST, were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere. At first, viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial, in 1959, the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years. The show switched to color on August 21,1967, and expanded from a half-hour in length to one starting on December 1,1975. In the year-to-date ratings, As the World Turns was the daytime drama from 1958 until 1978. At its height, core actors such as Helen Wagner, Don MacLaughlin, Don Hastings, three of these actors – Wagner, Hastings, and Fulton – are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas. The show passed its 10, 000th episode on May 12,1995, on September 18,2009, As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network. On December 8,2009, CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings. The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23,2010, on October 18,2010, CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk. As the World Turns was the creation of Irna Phillips, who beginning in the 1930s, had one of the foremost creators and writers of radio soap operas. Phillips wrote, As the world turns, we know the bleakness of winter, the promise of spring, the fullness of summer, and so it was with As the World Turns, with its slow-moving psychological character studies of families headed by legal and medical professionals. The personal and professional lives of doctors and lawyers remained central to As the World Turns throughout its run, Phillips style favored gradual evolution over radical change. Slow, conversational, and emotionally intense, the show moved at the pace of life itself –, each new addition to the cast was done in a gradual manner, and was usually a key contact to one of the members of the Hughes family. As such, the show earned a reputation as being quite conservative, during the shows early decades, the content-related policies of its sponsor Procter & Gamble Productions may have contributed to the perception of conservatism. As the World Turns premiered on April 2,1956 and it was the first television daytime drama with a 30-minute running time, all daytime dramas until then had 15-minute running times
5.
Promised Land (1987 film)
–
Promised Land is a 1987 drama film written and directed by Michael Hoffman and starring Kiefer Sutherland and Meg Ryan. Set in Utah, the film is based on a true story. It was the first film to be commissioned by the Sundance Film Festival, the film opens following two American high school acquaintances a few years after graduation now suffering from deep anger and anguish because they are not as successful as they hoped to be. Hancock is the school basketball star who gets into college on an athletic scholarship only to lose the scholarship to a better player. Hancock is still stewing over the fact that he is no longer the sports star, Danny is the academic nerd who was supposedly destined to be so successful that he earned the nickname Senator. It was felt by some one day he would become a decent. He has returned home with his unrestrained, unpredictable, overbearing bride, after a quick Christmas Eve reunion with his parents, Danny learns that his father is dying. He is unable to accept that while he left town with great expectations, just then, Hancock, unaware that Danny has returned to town, drives into the stores parking lot arguing with his girlfriend about the future of their relationship. Interrupting the robbery, he fatally shoots Danny and wounds Bev, Hancock then suffers something of an emotional breakdown. Danny and Hancock are shown to really have little in common except that Danny once had a crush on Mary and perhaps a repressed crush on Hancock. As other police officers and paramedics arrive on scene, Hancock drives with his girlfriend to a field where he had previously shared, with his police partner. He screams to Mary how he feels he has lied to while growing up. Later Hancock has to personally inform Dannys father that he has killed his son, the Utah cities of Salt Lake, Midvale and Lehi are cited in the closing credits. Promised Land at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Rob Reiner
–
Robert Rob Reiner is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and activist. As an actor, Reiner first came to prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on All in the Family. That role earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s and he also directed the psychological horror-thriller Misery, the romantic comedy fantasy adventure The Princess Bride and the heavy metal mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap. Reiner was born to a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York, and is the son of Estelle Reiner, an actress, and Carl Reiner, a renowned comedian, actor, writer, producer and director. As a child, Reiner lived at 48 Bonnie Meadow Road in New Rochelle, New York and he studied at the UCLA Film School. In the late 1960s, Reiner acted in bit roles in television shows including Batman, The Andy Griffith Show, Room 222, Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C. He began his writing for the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in 1968 and 1969. The characters nickname became closely associated with him, even after he had left the role, Reiner has stated, I could win the Nobel Prize and theyd write Meathead wins the Nobel Prize. For his performance, Reiner won two Emmy Awards in addition to three other nominations and five Golden Globe nominations, after an extended absence, Reiner has recently returned to television acting with a recurring role on New Girl. In 1972, Reiner, Phil Mishkin, and Gerry Isenberg created the situation comedy The Super for ABC. Starring Richard S. Castellano, the show depicted the life of the harried Italian American superintendent of a New York City apartment building, Reiner and Mishkin co-wrote the premiere episode. Beginning in the 1980s, Reiner became known as a director of several successful Hollywood films that many different genres. Several of these film remains popular with fans and critics. He often collaborates with film editor Robert Leighton, whom he shares with fellow director-actor Christopher Guest as their go-to editor. Reiner has gone on to other critically and commercially successful films with his own company. These include several iconic films such as the romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally, subsequent films directed by Reiner include the political romance The American President, the courtroom drama Ghosts of Mississippi, and the uplifting comedy The Bucket List. He has also parodied himself with cameos in such as Dickie Roberts. Reiner has devoted time and energy to liberal activism in recent years
7.
When Harry Met Sally...
–
When Harry Met Sally… is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written by Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner. It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally, the story follows the title characters from the time they meet just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years or so of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question Can men and women ever just be friends, and advances many ideas about relationships that became household concepts, such as high-maintenance and the transitional person. The origins of the film were derived from Reiners return to life after a divorce. An interview Ephron conducted with Reiner provided the basis for Harry, Sally was based on Ephron and some of her friends. Crystal came on board and made his own contributions to the screenplay, Ephron supplied the structure of the film with much of the dialogue based on the real-life friendship between Reiner and Crystal. The soundtrack consists of standards performed by Harry Connick Jr. with a big band, Connick won his first Grammy Award for Best Jazz Male Vocal Performance. Grossed a total of US$92.8 million in North America, Ephron received a British Academy Film Award, an Oscar nomination, and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. The film is ranked 23rd on AFIs 100 Years,100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravos 100 Funniest Movies. In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan. In 1977, Harry Burns and Sally Albright graduate from the University of Chicago and share the drive to New York City, Harry is dating a friend of Sallys, Amanda. During the drive, they discuss their ideas about relationships between men and women. Harry says that Men and women cant be friends because the sex part always gets in the way, Sally disagrees, claiming that men and women can be strictly friends without sex. During a stop in a diner, Sally is angered when Harry tells her she is attractive, in New York, they part on unfriendly terms. Five years later, Harry and Sally find themselves on the same flight, Sally has just started dating a man named Joe – who is a neighbor of Harrys – and Harry is engaged to a woman named Helen, which surprises Sally. Harry suggests they become friends, forcing him to qualify his previous rule about the impossibility of male-female friendships, despite Harrys suggestions of exceptions to that rule, they separate, concluding that they will not be friends. Harry and Sally run into each other again in a five years later. They take a walk and decide to be friends and they have late-night phone conversations, go to dinner, and spend time together
8.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
9.
Romantic comedy film
–
Romantic comedy films are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is a movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily. Another definition states that its primary distinguishing feature is a plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled. Romantic comedy films are a genre of comedy films as well as of romance films. However a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres not a new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies, a wedding-bells, fairy-tale-style happy ending is practically mandatory. The basic plot of a comedy is that two characters meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately reunite. Sometimes the two meet and become involved initially, then must confront challenges to their union. Sometimes they are hesitant to become involved because they believe that they do not like each other, because one of them already has a partner. However, the screenwriters leave clues that suggest that the characters are, in fact, attracted to each other, the protagonists often separate or seek time apart to sort out their feelings or deal with the external obstacles to their being together. While the two protagonists are separated, one or both of them realizes that they are ideal for each other, or that they are in love with each other. Then, after one of the two makes some effort to find the other person and declare their love, or through an astonishing coincidental encounter. Then, perhaps with some comic friction or awkwardness, they declare their love for each other, the couple does not, however, have to marry, or live together happily ever after. The ending of a comedy is meant to affirm the primary importance of the love relationship in its protagonists lives. There are many variations on this basic plotline, sometimes, instead of the two lead characters ending up in each others arms, another love match will be made between one of the principal characters and a secondary character. Alternatively, the film may be a rumination on the impossibility of love, the basic format of a romantic comedy film can be found in much earlier sources, such as Shakespeare plays like Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Nights Dream. Some comedy films, such as Knocked Up, combine themes of romantic comedies and stoner comedies, often known as bromance, such films usually use sexual elements which bring the two characters together. Films in this genre include American Pie 2 and even Wedding Crashers, romantic comedies have begun to spread out of their conventional and traditional structure into other territory
10.
Sleepless in Seattle
–
Sleepless in Seattle is a 1993 American romantic comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Nora Ephron, based on a story by Jeff Arch. It stars Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, alongside a supporting cast featuring Bill Pullman, Ross Malinger, Rob Reiner, Rosie ODonnell, Gaby Hoffmann, Victor Garber, the film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $220 million worldwide. Chicago architect Sam Baldwin loses his wife Maggie to cancer and he and his eight-year-old son Jonah start a new life in Seattle, Washington, but Sam continues to grieve. A year and a later, on Christmas Eve 1992. Jonah persuades a reluctant Sam to go on the air to talk about how much he misses Maggie, hundreds of women from around the country who hear the program and are touched by the story write to Sam. One of the listeners is Annie Reed, a Baltimore Sun reporter who is engaged to amiable Walter, after watching the film An Affair to Remember, Annie impulsively writes a letter suggesting that Sam meet her on top of the Empire State Building on Valentines Day. She does not intend to mail it, but her friend and editor Becky does it for her, Sam begins dating a co-worker Victoria, whom Jonah dislikes. Jonah, a fan, reads Annies letter and likes that it mentions the Baltimore Orioles. On the advice of his playmate Jessica, Jonah replies to Annie, while dropping Victoria off at the airport for a flight, Sam sees Annie exiting from her plane and is mesmerized by her, although he has no idea who she is. Annie later secretly watches Sam and Jonah playing on the beach together and he recognizes her from the airport and says Hello, but Annie only responds with another Hello before fleeing. She decides she is being foolish and goes to New York to meet Walter for Valentines Day, with Jessicas help, Jonah flies to New York without his fathers permission and goes to the Empire State Building searching for Annie. Distraught, Sam follows Jonah and finds him on the observation deck, meanwhile, Annie sees the skyscraper from the Rainbow Room where she is dining with Walter and confesses her doubts to him, amicably ending their engagement. She rushes to the Empire State Building just moments after the doors to the elevator close with Sam. In spite of the deck being deserted, Annie discovers a backpack that Jonah left behind. As she pulls out Jonahs teddy bear from the backpack, Sam and Jonah emerge from the elevator, on the advice of the elevator operator, Sam indicates they should go and offers his hand to Annie. The three then enter the elevator together before the door closes, Hanks and Ryan had previously acted together in Joe Versus the Volcano and would later star together in Youve Got Mail. Julia Roberts and Kim Basinger were reportedly offered the role of Annie Reed, the film was originally to have been scored by John Barry, but when given a list of twenty songs he had to put in the film, he quit. As Time Goes By by Jimmy Durante –2,28 A Kiss to Build a Dream On by Louis Armstrong –3,01 Stardust by Nat King Cole –3,15 Makin Whoopee by Dr
11.
French Kiss (1995 film)
–
French Kiss is a 1995 American romantic comedy film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring Meg Ryan and Kevin Kline. French Kiss was filmed on location in Paris, the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur région of southeastern France, the film was released in the United States on May 5,1995, and received mixed reviews. The film went on to earn a worldwide gross of $101,982,854. A Bollywood romantic comedy film starring Kajol and Ajay Devgan Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha is based on similar plot, a fastidious and wholesome history teacher named Kate is living in Canada with her fiancé, Charlie, a dentist. While waiting for her Canadian citizenship to come through, Kate has been planning their wedding. When Charlie urges her to him to Paris for an upcoming conference, she declines due to her fear of flying and her general intolerance for cheese, secondhand smoke. Determined to win him back, Kate boards a flight to Paris and is seated next to a crude Frenchman, Luc Teyssier, unknown to Kate, Luc is smuggling a vine cutting and a stolen diamond necklace into France hoping to use both to start his own vineyard. With the help of a few drinks, Kate is able to tolerate her rude, before de-boarding, Luc sneaks the vine and necklace into Kates bag, knowing she will not be searched at customs. At the terminal, Luc is spotted by Inspector Jean-Paul Cardon who insists on giving him a ride during which he searches his bag, Jean-Paul knows of Lucs vocation, but feels protective of him because Luc once saved his life. Meanwhile, Kate arrives at the Hôtel George V where she encounters new levels of French sarcasm, while waiting in the lobby with a petty thief named Bob, Kate sees Charlie and Juliette kissing in a descending elevator and faints. Bob steals her bag and leaves just as Luc arrives, after reviving Kate, Luc realizes that Bob now has the necklace, goes with Kate to Bobs apartment, and recovers the bag, absent her money and passport. Upset with Luc, Kate heads off on her own and learns that Charlie is traveling south to Cannes to meet Juliettes parents, Luc, meanwhile, realizes that the necklace must still be in Kates bag. He tracks her down to the station, offers to help her win back Charlie. As they board the train to Cannes, Kate shows him that she in fact has the necklace, at Cannes, the two check into a room at the Carlton Hotel using a stolen credit card. Following Lucs advice, Kate confronts Charlie in front of Juliette on the beach pretending to be indifferent to him, to make him jealous, Luc pretends to be Kates lover, and the deception works. Later that afternoon, Jean-Paul approaches Kate and urges her to convince Luc to return the necklace anonymously to avoid jail, Luc was planning to sell the necklace at Cartier, but agrees to Kates new plan to have her sell the necklace, as that would be safer. At dinner, Charlie apologizes to Kate and accompanies her to her room where he tries to seduce her, rejecting his advances, Kate realizes she no longer wants him, and that she has fallen in love with Luc. Meanwhile, in an effort to ensure victory for her, Luc takes an all-too-willing Juliette to bed, the following morning, Kate tells Luc that Charlie wants her back, but quickly leaves the room, saying, Cartier is waiting
12.
You've Got Mail
–
Youve Got Mail is a 1998 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Nora Ephron, co-written by Nora and Delia Ephron, and starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. The film is about two people in a romance who are unaware that they are also business rivals. It marks the third coupling of stars Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, Youve Got Mail received mildly positive reviews from critics. Kathleen Kelly is involved with Frank Navasky, a leftist newspaper writer for The New York Observer who is always in search of an opportunity to root for the underdog, while Frank is devoted to his typewriter, Kathleen prefers her laptop and logging into her AOL email account. Using the screen name Shopgirl, she reads an email from NY152, as her voice narrates her reading of the email, she reveals the boundaries of the online relationship, no specifics, including no names, career or class information, or family connections. Joe belongs to the Fox family which runs Fox Books — a chain of mega bookstores, Kathleen runs the independent bookstore The Shop Around The Corner that her mother ran before her. The two are shown passing each other on their ways to work, revealing that they frequent the same neighborhoods in upper west Manhattan. Joe arrives at work, overseeing the opening of a new Fox Books in New York City with the help of his best friend, Kathleen and her three store assistants, George, Aunt Birdie and Christina open up her small shop that morning. Following a day with his eleven-year-old aunt Annabel and four-year-old half-brother Matthew, Joe and Kathleen have a conversation that reveals Kathleens fears about the Fox Books store opening around the corner. He omits his last name and makes an exit with the children. At a publishing party for New York book business people later that week, Joe and Kathleen meet again and she accuses him of deception and spying, while he responds by belittling her store. The Shop Around the Corner slowly goes under, Kathleen enters Fox Books to discover the true nature of the store is one of friendliness and relaxation, yet without the same dedication to childrens books as her shop. Her employees move on to jobs, as Christina goes job hunting, George gets a job at the childrens department at a Fox Books store. They are exchanging emails without knowing each others true identities -, in some chance meetings Fox at first conceals his identity and then they clash, without realizing who each is. When they decide to meet, Joe discovers who he has been corresponding with, at first he decides not to meet with her, but then to meet with her without revealing his on-line identity, but they again clash. Joe soon resumes the correspondence, apologizes, and promises to tell her why he stood her up. After both break up with their significant others, Joe realizes his feelings towards Kathleen, and begins building a face-to-face relationship and he arranges a meeting between Kathleen and his on-line persona, but just before she is to meet this on-line friend, he reveals his feelings for her. Upon arriving at the meeting place, she hears Fox calling to Brinkley, who has run ahead, and sees that her on-line friend is really Fox
13.
Kate & Leopold
–
Kate & Leopold is a 2001 romantic-comedy fantasy that tells a story of a duke who travels through time from New York in 1876 to the present and falls in love with a woman in modern New York. The film is directed by James Mangold and stars Meg Ryan, Hugh Jackman, on 28 April 1876, Leopold, His Grace the 3rd Duke of Albany, is a stifled dreamer. He has created a design for an elevator, and has built a small model of this device. One day, the Duke finds Stuart Besser, an amateur physicist in his study perusing his schematic diagrams and he had seen him earlier at Roeblings speech about the Brooklyn Bridge, after he was laughing at the word erection. Leopold follows Stuart and tries to him from falling off the unfinished bridge. Leopold awakens in 21st century New York City and he is at first confused and thinks that he has been kidnapped. Stuart says that he has created formulae to forecast portals in the temporal universe, as Stuart takes his dog out, he is injured by falling into the elevator shaft, and is eventually institutionalized for speaking about his scientific discovery. Leopold is intrigued by the cynical and ambitious Kate McKay, Stuarts ex-girlfriend and he observes that she is a career woman and that her field, market research, is a fine avocation for a woman, and states that he once dated a librarian from Sussex. Kate dismisses him and demands that he take Stuarts dog for a walk, Leopold is overwhelmed to see that Roeblings bridge is still standing. Back at the apartment, he befriends Charlie, Kates brother, Kate and Leopold become romantically involved as they dine and tour New York. Leopold agrees to act in a diet margarine commercial for one of Kates clients and he and Kate argue, with Leopold chastising her about integrity, and Kate bristling about his moralising and countering that he lacks connection with reality. Realising that their time together is nearly over, both spend the evening in subdued contemplation, Stuart suddenly returns to his apartment, having escaped from the mental hospital, and sends Leopold back to his own time. Afterwards, Stuart and Charlie notice Kate in the photos Stuart took at Leopolds ball and that night, while Kate is accepting her promotion at a company banquet, he and Charlie race to meet her and show her the pictures. Kate initially rejects their overtures and goes on to give her acceptance speech, Kate abruptly ends her speech, and the three of them rush to the Brooklyn Bridge. Kate makes it to the portal before it closes and reappears in 1876, just before Leopold announces his bride, Kate bursts into the building, and he announces her name instead, referring to her as being one the McKays of Massapequa. In amongst the guests, Kate and Leopold reunite with a kiss. J. Camden Paxton Whitehead as Millard Mountbatten Spalding Gray as Dr, one scene in the directors cut shows Ryans character in a test screening for a new film and also features a cameo by Mangold. An additional scene stresses the Dukes ancestry of Stuart, suggesting that Kate may be related to her ex-boyfriend, the soundtrack to Kate & Leopold was released on December 25,2001
14.
The Doors (film)
–
The Doors is a 1991 American biographical film about the 1960–70s rock band of the same name which emphasizes the life of its lead singer, Jim Morrison. It was directed by Oliver Stone, and stars Val Kilmer as Morrison, the film features Kyle MacLachlan as Ray Manzarek, Frank Whaley as Robby Krieger, Kevin Dillon as John Densmore, and Kathleen Quinlan as Patricia Kennealy. The film portrays Morrison as the icon of 1960s rock and roll, counterculture. The film was not well received by his mates, close friends. In 1965, Jim arrives in California and is assimilated into the Venice Beach culture, Jim convinces his bandmates to travel to Death Valley and experience the effects of psychedelic drugs. Returning to Los Angeles, they play several shows at the famous nightclub Whisky a Go Go, Jims onstage antics and occasionally improvised lyrics raise the ire of club owners, however, the bands popularity continues to expand. As the Doors become hugely successful, Jim becomes increasingly infatuated with his own image as The Lizard King and degenerates into alcoholism, Jim meets Patricia Kennealy, a rock journalist involved in witchcraft, and participates with her in mystical ceremonies. He joins her in a handfasting ceremony, an elder spirit watches these events. The rest of the band grows weary of Jims missed recording sessions, Jim arrives late to a Miami, Florida concert, becoming increasingly confrontational towards the audience and allegedly exposing himself onstage. The incident is a low point for the band, resulting in charges against Jim, cancellations of shows, breakdowns in Jims personal relationships. In 1970 after a trial, Jim is found guilty of indecent exposure and ordered to serve time in prison. Patricia tells Jim that she is pregnant with his child but Jim convinces her to have an abortion. Jim visits his fellow Doors members one final time, attending a party thrown by Ray where he wishes the band luck in their future endeavors, as Jim plays in the front garden with the children, he sees that one of the children is his childhood self. Jim comments This is the strangest life Ive ever known, in 1971, Pam finds Jim dead in a bathtub in Paris, France, at the age of 27. The final scenes of the film before the roll are of Jims gravesite in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris while A Feast of Friends plays in the background. Just before the credits, the whites out and text appears saying Jim Morrison is said to have died of heart failure. Pam joined him three years later, during the credits, the band is shown recording the song L. A. Woman in the studio. In 1985, Columbia Pictures acquired the rights from the Doors, producer Sasha Harari wanted filmmaker Oliver Stone to write the screenplay but never heard back from his agent
15.
When a Man Loves a Woman (film)
–
For her performance as an alcoholic mother, Ryan received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role. The movies title is taken from the song of the name by Percy Sledge. The movie chronicles one womans alcoholism and her husbands efforts to help her, meg Ryan plays Alice Green, a school counselor who has a serious drinking problem and is married to Michael, an airline pilot. One afternoon, Alice enters their home in an incoherent state. She dismisses the reluctant caretaker, who leaves her alone with her children, still drinking, Alice is confronted by her eldest daughter concerned for her mothers welfare. In return, she violently slaps Jess, who runs to her room crying, unable to control her balance and calling for Jess, she falls to the side and smashes through the shower door onto the bathroom floor. Fearing her mother has died, Jess contacts Michael who immediately flies home to be by his wifes side, after the incident and while in the hospital, Michael and Alice confront the truth about Alices drinking. They jointly decide she must seek help for her alcoholism. Upon release from the hospital, a timid Alice enters a rehabilitation clinic, Michael finds himself now the main caretaker of their home and two children, a role he struggles to maintain along with his career as an airline pilot. Meanwhile, at the clinic, Alice is flourishing, her recovery is painful but stabilizing, Alice returns home sober yet guarded. She is vocal, strong and changed, Michael is having trouble adjusting to Alices balance. He has become used to being the stable and controlled one in their relationship and is jealous of Alices lack of dependence and outside friendships. Coming to terms with their estrangement, a reluctant Michael and a willing Alice see a counselor who quickly establishes Michaels co-dependency on Alices role as an alcoholic. Unable to find a medium and with tempers flared, Michael moves out and Alice becomes the caretaker of their home. Alice is once again flourishing in her new role while Michael is unable to find control. Alice and Michael singularly return to the hospital to celebrate the birth of their caretakers baby and they spend time together and as they depart Alice asks Michael if he would attend her 180-day sober speech where she will acknowledge her failings and accomplishments. She also tells him that she has been thinking about asking him to home with her. Michael tells Alice he has offered a job in Denver
16.
Courage Under Fire
–
Courage Under Fire is a 1996 American war film directed by Edward Zwick, and starring Denzel Washington and Meg Ryan. It is the collaboration between Denzel Washington and director Edward Zwick. The film was released in the United States on July 12,1996, while serving in the Gulf War, Lieutenant Colonel Serling accidentally destroys one of his own tanks during a confusing night-time battle, killing his friend Captain Boylar. The US Army covers up the details and transfers Serling to a desk job, later, Serling is assigned to determine if Captain Karen Emma Walden should be the first woman to receive a Medal of Honor. She was the commander of a Medevac Huey that was sent to rescue the crew of a shot-down Black Hawk, when she encountered a T-54, her crew destroyed it by dropping a fuel bladder onto the tank and igniting it with a flare gun. However, her own helicopter was shot soon after. The two crews were unable to join forces, and when the survivors were rescued the next day, Serling notices inconsistencies between the testimonies of Waldens crew. Specialist Andrew Ilario, the medic, praises Walden strongly, however, Staff Sergeant John Monfriez claims that Walden was a coward and that he led the crew in combat and improvised the fuel bladder weapon. Sergeant Altameyer, who is dying in a hospital, complains about a fire, warrant Officer One Rady, the co-pilot, was injured early on and unconscious throughout. Furthermore, the crew of the Black Hawk claim that they heard firing from an M16, under pressure from the White House and his commander, Brigadier General Hershberg, to wrap things up quickly, Serling leaks the story to newspaper reporter Tony Gartner to prevent another cover-up. When Serling grills Monfriez during a car ride, Monfriez forces him to get out of the vehicle at gunpoint, Serling tracks Ilario down, and Ilario finally tells him the truth. Monfriez wanted to flee, which would mean abandoning Rady, when Walden refused, he pulled a gun on her. Walden then shot an enemy who appeared behind Monfriez, but Monfriez thought she was firing at him and shot Walden in the stomach, the next morning, the enemy attacked again as a rescue party approached. Walden covered her mens retreat, firing an M16, however, Monfriez told the rescuers that Walden was dead, so they left without her. Napalm was then dropped on the entire area, Altameyer tried to expose Monfriezs lie at the time, but was too injured to speak, and Ilario was too scared of the court-martial Walden had threatened them with and remained silent. Serling presents his final report to Hershberg, Waldens young daughter receives the Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony. Later, Serling tells the truth to the Boylars about the manner of their sons death, the Boylars tell Serling he must put down the burden at some point. In the last moments, Serling has a flashback of when he was standing by Boylars destroyed tank, Serling suddenly realises Walden was the Huey pilot. S
17.
Addicted to Love (film)
–
Addicted to Love is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne, starring Meg Ryan, Matthew Broderick, Tchéky Karyo, and Kelly Preston. The movies title is based on Robert Palmers song Addicted to Love, two pairs of lovers play out a comedy of errors, in which Maggie and Sam, try several unethical and nasty tricks to break apart the envied union of their respective former partners, Anton and Linda. Good-natured astronomer Sam is devastated when the love of his life, Linda, what Sam does not count on is being joined several weeks later by ultra hip tomboy Maggie, a photographer and motorcyclist, who is determined to get revenge on Anton, her ex-fiance. Mutually hostile at first, the two of them join forces in an attempt to separate the couple and ruin Antons life. However, complications ensue when Sam and Maggie start falling for each other, chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert panned it as immature, implausible and imbecilic, but still gave it two stars out of a possible four. He did not go as far as the Los Angeles Times Kevin Thomas, however, the film only managed to take $34,673,095 gross at the box office, several million less than either Ryan or Brodericks averages. The film, marking actor Griffin Dunnes directorial debut, was released on May 23, the film opened at #2 at the North American box office making $11.4 million USD in its opening weekend, behind The Lost World, Jurassic Park. While the majority of the filming took place where it was set, in the Greenwich Village area of New York City, some shooting was done in Centreville, Delaware and Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Addicted to Love at the Internet Movie Database Addicted to Love at AllMovie Addicted to Love at Rotten Tomatoes Addicted to Love at Box Office Mojo
18.
City of Angels (film)
–
City of Angels is a 1998 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Brad Silberling. The film stars Nicolas Cage and Meg Ryan, set in Los Angeles, California, the film is a very loose remake of Wim Wenders 1987 German film Wings of Desire, which was set in Berlin. Seth is one of many angels who watch over humans and protect them in unseen ways, Seths main responsibility is to appear to those who are close to death and guide them to the next life. As part of task, Seth and one of his fellow angels, Cassiel. Despite these daily encounters, they have trouble understanding human beings, despite this, they develop a friendship which soon turns to mutual attraction, although Maggie is already involved with one of her colleagues, Jordan Ferris, at the hospital. Seth then meets Nathaniel Messinger, one of Maggies patients, who can sense Seths presence and that of other angels. Nathaniel soon relates to Seth that he, too, had once been an angel but, by way of the free will granted to angels, Seth begins to consider exercising this option so that he can be with Maggie in a fully physical and emotional relationship. When Maggie receives a proposal from Jordan, she finds herself having to choose between him and Seth. Having realized that Seth is impervious to injury, Maggie confronts him and demands to know who or what he really is, but she is unable to accept the revelation and sends him away. Maggie later talks with Nathaniel, who reveals his own angelic origin, explaining why he himself chose to become human. Seth decides to become human through the symbolic gesture of jumping from the top of a skyscraper, immediately upon awakening, he starts to experience all of the human feelings and sensations that he had never been able to understand, beginning with physical injury and pain. Up until this point, Seths personality and emotions, like those of all the angels, had been very subdued. Now human, Seth heads to the hospital to see Maggie, penniless and naive, he cannot pay for the journey and ends up getting mugged and having his boots taken by a gang of roving predators. He eventually hitches a ride to Lake Tahoe and appears, soaked and cold, seeing the split lip and condensed breath coming from his mouth in the cold air, Maggie realizes that he has given up his exalted status for her love. She sees to his wounds and they enjoy warm, passionate lovemaking at last. The next morning, as Seth is in the shower, enjoying his first sensation of running hot water on his body, Maggie rides her bike to a local store to buy some pears for him. On her way back, happy and fulfilled, she rides her bike with her eyes closed and her arms wide open and her happiness is cut short by a truck that catches her by surprise when it pulls out in front of her. Seth senses that Maggie is in trouble and runs to her aid and he arrives in time for Maggie to tell him that she sees the angel who has come to escort her away
19.
Proof of Life
–
Proof of Life is a 2000 American action thriller film directed and produced by Taylor Hackford. The title refers to a commonly used to indicate proof that a kidnap victim is still alive. The film stars Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe, during production, the two lead actors had a romantic affair. At the time, Ryan was married to Dennis Quaid, the film garnered much reportage in the tabloid press in association with the lead actors affair. The film is dedicated to Will Gaffney, an actor who was David Morse stand-in and he was killed in an on-set accident during a scene in which Morse was not available, due to a family illness. Alice Bowman moves to the South American country of Tecala because her engineer husband, though Alice is unhappy at this most recent move, she agrees to stay. While driving one morning through the city, Peter is caught in traffic, believing that Peter is working on Quad Carbons oil pipeline, ELT soldiers lead him through the jungle. Terry Thorne, a member of the British Special Air Service. As an expert negotiator in kidnapping-and-ransom cases, he is assigned by his company, Luthan Risk, unfortunately, it is learned that Quad Carbon is on the verge of bankruptcy and takeover, and therefore has no insurance coverage for kidnapping, so they cannot afford Thornes services. Despite Alices pleas to stay, Thorne leaves the country, Alice is then assigned a corrupt local hostage negotiator, who immediately urges her to pay the ELTs first ransom demand, a $50,000 good faith payment. Not knowing what to do, Alice agrees, but the transaction is stopped by Thorne who has returned to help and he is aided by Dino, a competing negotiator and ex–Green Beret. Over the next few months, Thorne uses a radio to speak with an ELT contact, Thorne and Alice bond through the ordeal, forming an implicit attraction. They eventually negotiate a sum of $650,000, meanwhile, Peter has become a prisoner at the ELTs jungle base camp. There, he befriends another hostage named Kessler —a missionary and former member of the French Foreign Legion—who has lived in the camp for nineteen months, in the hospital he claims he heard a gunshot at the time Peter was recaptured, and thus believes he is dead. Thorne can not believe this, but his ELT contact refuses to respond to his calls, luckily, one of Alices young maids recognized his voice over the radio and reveals he is a government official. At Thornes urging Alice convinces the Tecala government that the ELT is mounting an attack on the pipeline being built through their territory and this forces the government army to mobilize, thus forcing a bulk of the camps ELT troops to mobilize for a counter-attack. Thorne, Dino, and several associates are then inserted by helicopter and they overcome the camps soldiers, free Peter and another hostage, and then fly back to the city, where Alice happily reunites with her husband. Thorne and Alice share an intimate moment before the latter departs with Peter on an immediate flight to the U. S
20.
The Women (2008 film)
–
The Women is a 2008 American comedy film written, produced and directed by Diane English. The screenplay is a version of the George Cukor-directed 1939 film of the same name based on a 1936 play by Clare Boothe Luce. In the original film, most of the characters were Manhattan socialites whose primary interest was idle gossip, in the 2008 version, several work in the fields of fashion design and publishing, and the character of Alex Fisher is openly a lesbian. A feature of the film, shared with the 1939 version, is that the movie does not show a male actor or extra. Though a commercial success, The Women was panned by critics, clothing designer Mary Haines lives in a beautiful suburban Connecticut home with her wealthy financier husband Steven and their 11-year-old daughter Molly. Her best friend since college, Sylvie Fowler, is the editor of a prominent fashion magazine that dictates the latest in taste and style for New York City fashionistas. Despite her mother Catherines exhortation to keep quiet about what she knows, Mary confronts Crystal first, in a lingerie store, Mary is stunned by Sylvies betrayal and ends their friendship. Marys daughter begins to ditch school and confides in Sylvie because her mother, distracted by the upheavals in her once idyllic life, becomes more distant. Mary is fired from her job by her father, has a makeover, and decides to open her own clothing design firm with some financial assistance from Catherine. As she begins to get her life in order, she makes an effort to bond with Molly, who reveals her fathers relationship with Crystal is unraveling, and reunites with Sylvie, who has quit her job. Sylvie tells Mary that she has met a guy and is thinking of giving him her phone number. Edies water breaks and she has a baby boy, Mary receives a call from her husband and is encouraged by the others to answer it, she then arranges a date with him. In the end, we see that a magazine titled Sylvie is published with the four friends on the cover, a hint is given about Crystals possibly going out with Alexs ex-girlfriend Natasha. The women talk about the magazine, the book and the joys, heartaches, one character that is not in its original form is Lucy, who in the play and original movie was the maid in Reno, here she is seen as Marys dog. English wrote the first screenplay in 1993 during hiatus from Murphy Brown, in 1996, the first table reading of the script was held on the Sony Pictures lot. Despite the enthusiasm of everyone involved, the project stalled when Roberts, English spent the following year revising the screenplay, during which time Brooks dropped out to direct As Good as It Gets. Roberts also lost interest and moved on, English first entertained the idea of directing the film herself in 2001. Over the next few years, Sandra Bullock, Ashley Judd, Uma Thurman, Whitney Houston, pearman offered some plot suggestions, and English put the finishing touches on the seventh and final draft of the script
21.
German Americans
–
The German American ethnic group consists of Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 46 million in 2014, German Americans are the largest of the groups reported by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. The group accounts for about 1⁄3 of the total ethnic German population in the world, none of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in New York, immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870 over seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States — more than doubling the population of the country. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million immigrants, there is a German belt that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry and they were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Europe by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, the arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where Germania—German-speaking districts—soon emerged, German Americans established the first kindergartens in the United States, introduced the Christmas tree tradition, and introduced popular foods such as hot dogs and hamburgers to America. The great majority of people with some German ancestry have become Americanized and hardly can be distinguished, traditional Oktoberfest celebrations and the German-American Day are popular festivities. There are major events in cities with German heritage including Chicago, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, San Antonio. The Germans included many quite distinct subgroups with differing religious and cultural values and they generally opposed womens suffrage but this was used as argument in favor of suffrage when German Americans became pariahs during World War I. The first English settlers arrived at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 and he was followed in 1608 by five glassmakers and three carpenters or house builders. The first permanent German settlement in what became the United States was Germantown, Pennsylvania, large numbers of Germans migrated from the 1680s to 1760s, with Pennsylvania the favored destination. They migrated to America for a variety of reasons, often immigrants paid for their passage by selling their labor for a period of years as indentured servants. Large sections of Pennsylvania and upstate New York attracted Germans, most were Lutheran or German Reformed, many belonged to small religious sects such as the Moravians and Mennonites. German Catholics did not arrive in number until after the War of 1812, in 1709, Protestant Germans from the Pfalz or Palatine region of Germany escaped conditions of hardship, traveling first to Rotterdam and then to London. Anne, Queen of Great Britain, helped them get to her colonies in America, the trip was long and difficult to survive because of the poor quality of food and water aboard ships and the infectious disease typhus
22.
Irish Americans
–
Irish Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. About 33.3 million Americans—10. 5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U. S. Census Bureau and this compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland. Three million people identified as Scots-Irish, whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States. An estimated 250,000 migrated to the United States during the colonial era, only 20,000 immigrants of these immigrants from Ireland were Catholics—English, Irish or a few Germans. Catholics numbered 40,000 or 1. 6% of the population of 2.5 million in 1775. The Scots-Irish settled mainly in the back country of the Appalachian Mountain region. Irish Americans signed the documents of the United States—the Declaration of Independence. The early Ulster immigrants and their descendants at first usually referred to simply as Irish. However, most descendants of the Scots-Irish continued to consider themselves Irish or American rather than Scots-Irish, however, beginning in the early 19th century, many Irish migrated individually to the interior for work on large-scale infrastructure projects such as canals and, later in the century, railroads. During the colonial period, Scots-Irish settled in the southern Appalachian backcountry, by the 19th century, through intermarriage with settlers of English and German ancestry, the descendants of the Scots-Irish lost their identification with Ireland. This generation of pioneers. was a generation of Americans, not of Englishmen or Germans or Scots-Irish, in 1820 Irish-born John England became the first Catholic bishop in the mainly Protestant city of Charleston, South Carolina. During the 1820s and 30s, Bishop England defended the Catholic minority against Protestant prejudices, in 1831 and 1835, he established free schools for free African American children. Inflamed by the propaganda of the American Anti-Slavery Society, a mob raided the Charleston post office in 1835, England led Charlestons Irish Volunteers to defend the school. Soon after this, however, all schools for blacks were closed in Charleston. The Irish Catholics concentrated in a few medium-sized cities, where they were visible, especially in Charleston, Savannah. After secession in 1861, the Irish Catholic community supported the Confederacy and 20,000 served in the Confederate Army, civilian leaders of the Irish and the South did embrace the Confederate national project and most became advocates of a hard-war policy. Although most began as unskilled laborers, Irish Catholics in the South achieved average or above average economic status by 1900, the large Erie Canal project was one such example where Irishmen were many of the laborers. Small but tight communities developed in growing such as Philadelphia, Boston, New York
23.
Polish Americans
–
Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry. There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans, representing about 3% of the U. S. population, Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States, second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall. The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleighs failed Roanoke Colony in 1585, in 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen. Two early immigrants, Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes, overall, more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many immigrants were classified as Russian, German, and Austrian by the U. S. Complicating the U. S, the Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million. Some Jews from Poland even assimilated into cities which were Polish bastions in order to conceal their Jewish identities, from 1870 to 1914, Poles and Polish subjects formed a significant part of the wave of immigration from Germany, Imperial Russia, and Austria Hungary. The main Ethnically-Polish-American organizations were founded because of high Polish interest in the Catholic church, parochial schools, since 1914, the United States has seen a small amount of emigration from Poland, and the coming of age of numerous generations of fully assimilated Polish Americans. The income levels have gone up from well below average, to above average, outside of Republican and Democratic politics, politics such as those of Agudath Israel of America, a branch of Poalei Agudat Yisrael, have heavily involved Polish-Jewish Americans. Lopata argues that Poles differed from most ethnics in America, in several ways, first, they did not plan to remain permanently and become Americanized. Instead, they came temporarily, to money, invest. Their intention was to ensure for themselves a desirable social status in the old world, however, many of the temporary migrants had decided to become permanent Americans. Many found manual labor jobs in the mines of Pennsylvania and the heavy industries, of the Great Lakes cities of Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Cleveland. The U. S. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. In the 2011 United States Census Bureaus Population Estimates, there are between 9,365,239 and 9,530,571 Americans of Polish descent, historically, Polish-Americans have assimilated very quickly to American society. Between 1940 and 1960, only 20 percent of the children of Polish-American ethnic leaders spoke Polish regularly, in the early 1960s,3,000 of Detroits 300,000 Polish-Americans changed their names each year. Language proficiency in Polish is rare in Polish-Americans, as 91. 3% speak English only. In 1979, the 8 million respondents of Polish ancestry reported that only 41.5 percent had single ancestry, whereas 57. 3% of Greeks, 52% of Italians and Sicilians, and 44% of Ukrainians had done so. By educational attainment, the U. S. Census estimates that 37. 6% have bachelors degrees or higher, the median household income for those of Russian ancestry has been reported as higher on the U. S. Census, at $70,310
24.
Roman Catholic
–
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
25.
University of Connecticut
–
The University of Connecticut is a land grant public research university in Storrs, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1881, and is also a sea-grant university, the university serves more than 32,000 students on its five campuses, including more than 8,000 graduate students in multiple programs. UConn is one of the institutions of the Hartford, Connecticut/Springfield, Massachusetts regional economic. UConn is a member of Universitas 21, a network of 24 research-intensive universities. UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School, named after two brothers who donated the land for the school. In 1893, the became a land grant college. In 1939, the name was changed to the University of Connecticut, over the next decade, social work, nursing, and graduate programs were established, and the schools of law and pharmacy were absorbed into the university. During the 1960s, UConn Health was established for new medical and dental schools, John Dempsey Hospital opened in Farmington in 1975. Competing in the American Athletic Conference as the Huskies, UConn has been successful in their mens and womens basketball programs. The Huskies have won 21 NCAA championships, UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School. It was named after Charles and Augustus Storrs, brothers who donated the land for the school as well as initial funding. Women began attending classes in 1891 and were admitted in 1893. In 1899, the name changed again to Connecticut Agricultural College, in 1933, to Connecticut State College, in 1940, the school was first divided into individual colleges and schools, reflecting its new university status. This was also the year the School of Social Work and School of Nursing were established, the graduate program was also started at this time, and the schools of law and pharmacy were absorbed into the university. Ph. D. s have been awarded since 1949, during the 1960s, UConn Health was established in Farmington as a home for the new School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. John Dempsey Hospital opened in Farmington in 1975 and has operated by UConn ever since. In 1995, a program called UConn 2000 was passed by the Connecticut General Assembly. This 10-year program set aside $1 billion to upgrade facilities, add faculty
26.
New York University
–
New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
27.
Screen Actors Guild
–
The Screen Actors Guild was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30,2012, the leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television. The Screen Actors Guild was associated with the Associated Actors and Artistes of America, AAAA is affiliated with the AFL–CIO. Internationally, the SAG was affiliated with the International Federation of Actors. C, since 1995, the guild annually awarded the Screen Actors Guild Awards, which are considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards. This award is continued by SAG-AFTRA, in 1925, the Masquers Club was formed by actors discontent with the grueling work hours at the Hollywood studios. This was one of the concerns which led to the creation of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933. A meeting in March 1933 of six led to the guilds foundation. Aubrey Smith, Charles Starrett, Richard Tucker, Arthur Vinton, Morgan Wallace, many high-profile actors refused to join SAG initially. This changed when the producers made an agreement amongst themselves not to bid competitively for talent, a pivotal meeting, at the home of Frank Morgan, was what gave SAG its critical mass. Cantors participation was critical, particularly because of his friendship with the recently elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt, after several years and the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the producers agreed to negotiate with SAG in 1937. Robinson, Edwin Stanley, Gloria Stuart, Lyle Talbot, Franchot Tone, Warren William, Ten of those summoned, dubbed the Hollywood Ten, refused to cooperate and were charged with contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison. The president of SAG – future United States President Ronald Reagan – also known to the FBI as Confidential Informant T-10, testified before the committee but never publicly named names. He felt that lacking a definite stand on the part of the government, subsequently, a climate of fear, enhanced by the threat of detention under the provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act, permeated the film industry. On November 17,1947, the Screen Actors Guild voted to force its officers to take a non-communist pledge, none of those blacklisted were proven to advocate overthrowing the government – most simply had Marxist or socialist views. The Waldorf Statement marked the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist that saw hundreds of people prevented from working in the film industry, unfortunately, there are no credits to restore, nor any other belated recognition that we can offer our members who were blacklisted. They could not work under assumed names or employ surrogates to front for them, an actors work and his or her identity are inseparable. The Screen Actors Guild Ethnic Minorities Committee was co-founded in 1972 by actors Henry Darrow, Edith Diaz, Ricardo Montalban, the Screen Actors Guild Womens Committee was founded in 1972. In 1998, Naomi Marquez filed suit against SAG and Lakeside Productions claiming they had breached their duty of fair representation, the claim was denied by the Supreme Court
28.
George Cukor
–
George Dewey Cukor was an American film director. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations and his career flourished at RKO when David O. Selznick, the studios Head of Production, assigned Cukor to direct several of RKOs major films, including What Price Hollywood. A Bill of Divorcement, Our Betters, and Little Women, when Selznick moved to MGM in 1933, Cukor followed and directed Dinner at Eight and David Copperfield for Selznick and Romeo and Juliet and Camille for Irving Thalberg. He was replaced as the director of Gone with the Wind, but he went on to direct The Philadelphia Story, Gaslight, Adams Rib, Born Yesterday, A Star Is Born, Bhowani Junction and he continued to work into the 1980s. Cukor was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, the child and only son of Hungarian Jewish immigrants Viktor, an assistant district attorney. His parents selected his middle name in honor of Spanish–American War hero George Dewey, as a result, he was ambivalent about his faith and dismissive of old world traditions from childhood, and as an adult he embraced Anglophilia to remove himself even further from his roots. As a teenager, Cukor frequently was taken to the New York Hippodrome by his uncle, infatuated with theatre, he often cut classes at DeWitt Clinton High School to attend afternoon matinees. During his senior year, he worked as a supernumerary with the Metropolitan Opera, earning 50¢ per appearance, following his graduation in 1917, Cukor was expected to follow in his fathers footsteps and pursue a career in law. He halfheartedly enrolled in the City College of New York, where he entered the Students Army Training Corps in October 1918 and his military experience was limited, Germany surrendered in early November, and Cukors duty ended after only two months. In 1925 he formed the C. F. and Z, Production Company with Walter Folmer and John Zwicki, which gave him his first opportunity to direct. Following their first season, he made his Broadway directorial debut with Antonia by Hungarian playwright Melchior Lengyel, then returned to Rochester, lasting only one season with the company was Bette Davis. Cukor later recalled, Her talent was apparent, but she did buck at direction and she had her own ideas, and though she only did bits and ingenue roles, she didnt hesitate to express them. For the next decades, Davis claimed she was fired. For the next few years, Cukor alternated between Rochester in the months and Broadway in the winter. His direction of a 1926 stage adaptation of The Great Gatsby by Owen Davis brought him to the attention of the New York critics. Writing in the Brooklyn Eagle, drama critic Arthur Pollock called it a piece of work by a director not nearly so well known as he should be. Cukor directed six more Broadway productions before departing for Hollywood in 1929, when Hollywood began to recruit New York theater talent for sound films, Cukor immediately answered the call. In December 1928, Paramount Pictures signed him to a contract that reimbursed him for his airfare and he arrived in Hollywood in February 1929, and his first assignment was to coach the cast of River of Romance to speak with an acceptable Southern accent
29.
Rich and Famous (1981 film)
–
Rich and Famous is a 1981 American drama film directed by George Cukor, the final film of his long career. The screenplay by Gerald Ayres is based on the 1941 play Old Acquaintance by John Van Druten, two women find their friendship is tested when one rises from obscurity to success while the other stagnates in a stalled career. Liz Hamilton, a woman with literary ambitions, and Merry Noel Blake. Meanwhile, Merry fulfills her aspiration to a life of domesticity caring for a husband and child by marrying Doug Blake, although Merry is happy, she cant help but envy Liz for her glamorous career as an author. Merry decides to write a book of her own and, with Lizs assistance, A House by the Sea, a trashy roman à clef about the Malibu colony, finds a publisher and becomes a huge best-seller. Before long Merry is a darling of the media and her fame and fortune surpass those of Liz, mulligan was forced to withdraw when previous commitments conflicted with the new schedule. The film proved to be the last directed by George Cukor and it also marked the screen debuts of an 8-year-old Nicole Eggert and also Meg Ryan, who played Merrys daughter in the 1981 segment. New York City locations seen in the include the Algonquin Hotel. Additional locations include Madison, New Jersey, Los Angeles, interiors were filmed at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City. Nina Foch, Dick Cavett, Ray Bradbury, Merv Griffin, Marsha Hunt, Christopher Isherwood, Gavin Lambert, Roger Vadim, the soundtrack includes Take Me for a Buggy Ride performed by Bessie Smith and On The Sunny Side of the Street sung by Willie Nelson. Critics were mixed about the film, the culprit is Gerald Ayres. has spread his talents very thin. Though he has two big roles, he doesnt seem capable of writing either a romantic drama, like The Turning Point. Mr. Ayres can occasionally write good wisecracks, but he has no particular insight into the publishing scene. Nor does he ever convince us of the strength of the friendship that lasts through thick and, more often. Though Misses Bisset and Bergen are appealing actresses, Rich and Famous doesnt hold together, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed, This film is a real curiosity. Its a good-bad movie, like The Other Side of Midnight or The Greek Tycoon and it contains scenes that make you want to squirm because of their awkwardness and awfulness, and yet you dont want to look away and youre not bored. The movie has the courage to go to extremes, and some of those extremes may not be art but are certainly unforgettable and its a slick, trashy, entertaining melodrama, with too many dumb scenes to qualify as successful. For a bright, sophisticated piece such as this, particularly one under the guidance of the irrepressibly elegant George Cukor, the somewhat harsh, murky visual style is surprising
30.
Steve Andropoulos and Betsy Stewart
–
Stavares Steve Andropoulos and Elizabeth Betsy Stewart Andropoulos are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American soap opera As the World Turns. Steve was portrayed by actor Frank Runyeon and Betsy was portrayed by both actress Meg Ryan and actress Lindsay Frost, the fictional couple wed on May 30,1984, the episode attracted 20 million viewers, making it the second highest-rated hour in American soap opera history. Steve Andropoulos found himself falling in love with Betsy Stewart in 1982, the feeling was mutual and Betsy offered to give him her trust fund money so he could start his own business. Though touched by the gesture, Steve refused her offer, though a panicked Betsy promised to stop seeing him, Nick found them picnicking together and violently confronted Steve. In the course of the argument, Nick had a heart attack. In agony, Nick muttered that he wished hed killed Steve, after extracting a promise from Betsy never to see Steve again, Nick died. Feeling extremely guilty, Betsy vowed to stay away from Steve, Betsy and Craigs wedding kicked off 1983. But this was not a day for the bride, because her thoughts were with Steve. As the wedding procession began, Steve arrived at the church, by the time Craig and Betsy were pronounced husband and wife, Steve was standing outside the church in the rain, tears streaming down his face. Betsys marriage was strained due to Craigs jealousy and an unhappy Betsy left him to go to Spain. Steve followed her and declared his love for her over a picnic lunch, no longer able to deny the love she felt for him, Betsy lost her virginity to Steve. Upon returning to Oakdale, Betsy was ready to leave Craig, torn between her love for Steve and her commitment to Craig, Betsy made love to Craig. At the same time, newcomer Diana McColl was making the moves on Steve, when Betsy later became pregnant, she was convinced the child was Craigs and decided to commit herself to her marriage. Although Betsy reluctantly chose to remain with Craig, Steve could not accept the idea that she didnt love him anymore, and Craig went to great lengths to rub in the fact that Steve and Diana seemed to be an item now. Soon after, Steve was wanted by the police for the theft of Whit McColls gold coins, later, Betsy, who had been out shopping, got into her car and found a wounded Steve in the back seat. Despite knowing that he was wanted by the police, she took him to the boathouse, Betsy enlisted Steves friend Tucker Foster to help them find out who framed Steve. She thought it was Whit, but Tucker was sure it was Craig, then Betsys grandfather, David, caught Betsy sneaking into the supply room at Memorial Hospital to get medicine for Steve. She begged her grandfather to come and examine him, David discovered that Steve was suffering from blood poisoning and gangrene and would die unless he got treatment
31.
Burger King
–
Burger King is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. Headquartered in the area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King. After Insta-Burger King ran into difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, the new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. The 1970s were the Golden Age of the advertising, but beginning in the early-1980s. A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the two decades. While highly successful, some of CP+Bs commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity, Burger Kings menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In 1957, the Whopper became the first major addition to the menu, conversely, BK has introduced many products, which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, from 2002 to 2010, Burger King aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats. This tactic would eventually damage the financial underpinnings, and cast a negative pall on its earnings. As of December 31,2016, Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries. Of these,47. 5% are in the United States and 99. 5% are privately owned and operated, BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. Burger Kings relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious, occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the companys and its licensees relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases. Burger Kings Australian franchise Hungry Jacks is the franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute. The predecessor to Burger King was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida and their production model was based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the Insta-Broiler. This strategy proved to be so successful that later required all of their franchises to use the device. After the company faltered in 1959, it was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and they initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent entity for eight years, pillsburys management tried several times to restructure Burger King during the late 1970s and the early 1980s
32.
Charles in Charge
–
Charles in Charge is an American sitcom starring Scott Baio. The series was a production of Al Burton Productions and Scholastic Productions in association with Universal Television, the show also starred Willie Aames as Charles best friend Buddy Lembeck, Aames, like Baio, was a 1970s television star and had previously appeared on Eight Is Enough. Charles in Charge premiered on CBS on October 3,1984, facing off against two hits in ABCs The Fall Guy and NBCs Highway to Heaven, neither show performed well and Charles in Charge was moved to Saturday nights after the cancellation of Dreams. At the time of CBS decision to cancel Charles in Charge, Universal took advantage of this and relaunched Charles in Charge in syndication. The first new episode premiered on January 3,1987, when the series premiered, Charles had just taken a job with Stan and Jill Pembroke to take care of their three children, sons Jason and Douglas and daughter Lila. In exchange for his services, the Pembrokes provide Charles with room and board, the family retained Charles services as well, and he became caretaker for Ellen Powells three children, son Adam and daughters Jamie and Sarah. Charles mother Lillian, who had not been seen in the initial series, Michael Pearlman and Jennifer Runyon are the only other actors, besides Baio and Aames, to reprise their roles on the show. Pearlman appeared in the premiere, Amityville. Runyon appeared in Twice Upon a Time and Twice Upon a Time, in the final two seasons, Sandra Kerns only made three more appearances. Charles mother, Lillian, was played by Ellen Travolta, John Travoltas sister and she also played her sisters, Sally and Vanessa. She had previously played the mother of Chachi Arcola, Scott Baios character on Happy Days, chachis real name, incidentally, was also Charles. Nicole Eggert went on to star in Baywatch, josie Davis also made one appearance in a 1998 Baywatch episode. Both Charles in Charge and Baywatch were TV shows that began on network TV, Baio and Aames are the only two cast members that appear every single episode. Ben Stein guest starred as Stanley Willard, a malevolent loan officer, guidance counselor, college professor, during the first season, Jerry Levine had a recurring role as Elliott Pembroke, Stans nephew. Meg Ryan guest starred as Meagan Parker in two episodes of the shows first season, War on October 24,1984 and Charles R Us on February 13,1985. Rue McClanahan guest starred as Irene Pembroke, the paternal grandmother, in Home for the Holidays, aired on December 19,1984. Future Friends star Matthew Perry portrayed Lila Pembrokes mistaken date, Ed Stanley, with Children star Christina Applegate portrayed Lilas friend Stacy in the episodes Slumber Party and Snowed In. Samantha Smith portrayed Lilas friend Kim in the episode Slumber Party, the episode Snowed In on February 6,1985, had a minor role for Kathy Ireland
33.
Armed and Dangerous (1986 film)
–
Armed and Dangerous is a 1986 American action-crime comedy film starring John Candy, Eugene Levy, Robert Loggia and Meg Ryan. It was directed by Mark L. Lester and filmed on location in and around Los Angeles, officer Frank Dooley of the LAPD is framed for the theft of a television set by two corrupt detectives. He is dismissed from the force, but escapes criminal punishment at his day in court, the courts next case features hapless defense attorney Norman Kane attempting to defend a white supremacist leader, who threatens him with death should Kane fail to keep him out of prison. A fearful Kane reveals his ineptitude and the threat to the judge. After being loudly ordered to take a break by senior guard Bruno, Kane happens upon an armed robbery of the warehouse and calls to Frank for help. The next day, the pair are berated and fined $100 each by OConnell for their failure, while venting their anger toward OConnell, Maggie reveals that she is his daughter. Dooley and Kane then attend a meeting of the union, where Kanes attempt to file a grievance against Guard Dog is quashed by union president Michael Carlino, Kane pointedly questions Carlino about how the union dues, adding to about $4 million per year, are spent. After Kane rejects an evasive answer from Union treasurer Lou Brackman, over the next few days, Dooley and Kane find themselves assigned to work at a landfill and a toxic waste dump. Convinced something illegal is afoot after hearing a story from two fellow burned-out security guards about a similar robbery, the pair track down Bruno at his gym. Bruno admits that it was OConnell who had him order them to lunch the night of the robbery, Dooley and Kane flee from the gym and an enraged Bruno. The pair then visit an informant friend of Dooleys for information on Carlino, upon learning of Carlinos corrupt reputation, they bring their suspicions to Maggie, but she rejects them as having no evidence to back them up. Dooley and Kane next attend a party thrown by Carlino in hopes of gathering some evidence, fearing an investigation by the insurance company, Brackman urges Carlino not to go through with the robbery. In response, Carlino instructs Klepper and Lazarus to execute him, Dooley and Kane attempt to save Brackman, but are too late to prevent his murder and instead find themselves framed for his death. After a night spent evading police, the two plans with a now receptive Maggie to prevent the armored car robbery. Kane and Maggie take over driving the truck, while Dooley plans to them ahead of the would-be robbers. Dooley has problems with his motorcycle and is forced to hitch a ride with The Cowboy, meanwhile, Kane and Maggie avoid assaults from multiple cars attempting to hold them up. With The Cowboys help, Dooley is able to arrive in time to save the car from a guided missile strike and foil a final attack from Klepper. OConnell, no longer willing to abide the scheme, arrives having captured Carlino and his associates, the criminals are arrested and Dooley is invited back to the police force, along with a reluctant Kane
34.
Amityville 3-D
–
Amityville 3-D is a 1983 American horror thriller film and the third installment in the Amityville franchise. It was one of a spate of 3-D films released in the early 1980s, the film was directed by Richard Fleischer and the script was written by David Ambrose. It was the only Orion Pictures film filmed in 3-D, due to a lawsuit between the Lutz family and Dino De Laurentiis over the storyline which did not involve the Lutz family, Amityville 3-D was not called a sequel. However the film make reference to the original Amityville Horror story. The character of John Baxter is loosely based on Stephen Kaplan who at the time was trying to prove the Lutzes story was a hoax, the name Lutz is never used in the film. The DeFeo family is referenced more than once, despite the fact that the name had changed to Montelli in the previous entry in the series Amityville II. While preparing the house for John, Clifford investigates footsteps in the attic and he is locked in the room, where a swarm of flies attack and kill him. John believes Clifford died of a stroke, even after Melanie shows him some photos she took of the estate agent before his death which depict him as a rotting corpse. While John is at work, he dies in a malfunctioning elevator. Simultaneously, Melanie experiences bizarre occurrences in Johns house and she is found later that night by John, cowering and hysterical against the wall. Her attempts to convince John that something is inside the fall on deaf ears. Later, while looking over blowups of the photos of Clifford, when she attempts to show the photos to John, she is killed in a horrific car accident. Melanies death is ruled accidental by everyone, including John, who remains oblivious to the evil in his home, while John is away one day his daughter Susan and her friend Lisa and two boyfriends use a Ouija board in the attic. The game tells them Susan is in danger, growing bored, Susan and the others go out in Johns motorboat. Susans mother Nancy, who has come to look for her, is surprised to see a drenched Susan silently walk up the stairs, outside John arrives home to find Susans friends bringing her lifeless body to shore. Nancy has a breakdown and, believing Susan is still alive and will return shortly, refuses to leave. As Elliot and John watch, Nancy is confronted by a spectral being speaking in Susans voice, Nancy follows the spectre into the basement, where the old well has filled with liquid. Elliot urges whatever is in the well to reveal itself and restore Susan to life, instead, a demon leaps from the well, burns Elliots face with fiery breath and drags him to Hell
35.
Independent Spirit Awards
–
The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
36.
Naval flight officer
–
A naval flight officer is a commissioned officer in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps who specializes in airborne weapons and sensor systems. NFOs are not pilots per se, but they may perform many co-pilot functions, until 1966, their duties were performed by both commissioned officer and senior enlisted naval aviation observers. NFOs in the US Navy all begin their careers as unrestricted line officers, eligible for command at sea and ashore in the various naval aviation aircraft type/model/series communities. Such officers are graduates of the U. S. Naval Test Pilot School and/or the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School with advanced academic degrees in aerospace engineering or similar disciplines. The counterpart to the NFO in the United States Air Force is the combat systems officer, encompassing the previous roles of navigator, weapon systems officer and electronic warfare officer. The United States Coast Guard had a short-lived NFO community in the 1980s and 1990s when it temporarily operated E-2C Hawkeye aircraft on loan from the Navy. Training for Student NFOs starts starts out the same as for Student Naval Aviators, with the academic requirements. The only real distinction is in physical requirements, where SNFOs may have less than 20/20 uncorrected distant vision, in fact, it is this 20/20 distant visual acuity requirement that typically routes prospective Naval Aviators into the Naval Flight Officer training track. Both SNAs and SNFOs go through the same introductory flight screening, the SNFO program has continued to evolve since the 1960s. Upon graduation from their respective advanced squadron, students receive their wings of gold and are designated as Naval Flight Officers. After winging, students conduct training at their respective fleet replacement squadron. All SNFOs and SNAs start their training with introductory flight screening. IFS consists of 2 phases, ground school and flight training, the ground school portion lasts about two weeks and culminates with the student completing the FAA private pilot exam. Afterwards, every student enrolls in one of several flight schools located near NAS Pensacola. Students complete approximately 14 hours of training in a single engine aircraft. IFS is normally waived for students entering training with a pilot license. SNFOs will train with Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs along with NATO and allied students in the SNA and SNFO tracks, aviation preflight indoctrination consists of academic instruction, hands-on interaction and aviation physiology, water survival, and land survival skills. Students selected for land-based platforms will continue on to the advanced maritime command and those that select carrier aviation will continue to Primary 2 training and remain at VT-10
37.
Anthony Edwards
–
Anthony Charles Edwards is an American actor and director. Additionally, he has appeared in movies and television shows, including Top Gun, Zodiac, Miracle Mile, Revenge of the Nerds, Planes. Edwards was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Erika Kem, a painter, and Peter Edwards. He has two sisters, Heidi and Ann-Marie, and two older brothers, Peter and Jeffrey. Edwards was encouraged by his parents to attend college before pursuing his interest in acting, Edwards early work included a co-starring role in the TV series It Takes Two with Richard Crenna and Patty Duke Astin as his parents and Helen Hunt as his sister. He made a cameo in the hit 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High as Stoner Bud. In 1984, he starred in the hit comedy film Revenge of the Nerds playing the role of Gilbert Lowe. He reprised the role of Gilbert for a few scenes in the sequel Revenge of the Nerds II, Nerds in Paradise. It was Edwards role as LTJG Nick Goose Bradshaw alongside Tom Cruise in the 1986 film Top Gun that brought his first widespread public acknowledgement and his character, who died in an aviation accident, was among the most prominent and popular in the film. He appeared as an ill patient in Hawks alongside Timothy Dalton. He starred in the Cold War era comedy Gotcha. as a student who gets wrapped up in spy antics. He starred in the 1990 movie Downtown with Penelope Ann Miller and he also played widowed veterinarian Chase Matthews, father of Edward Furlongs character, in the horror film Pet Sematary Two, a sequel to the film Pet Sematary in 1989. In 1992 and 1993 he played Mike Monroe in ten episodes of Northern Exposure, Edwards best known role is as Dr. Mark Greene on the long-running TV series ER, whom he portrayed from its premiere in 1994 to the end of the 8th season in 2002. The series also afforded Edwards his first opportunity to direct, Edwards desire to pursue directing led to his request to be written out of the series. He reportedly earned $35 million for three seasons on ER, which made him one of televisions highest-paid actors, Edwards and his co-star George Clooney were the ones who suggested doing an episode of ER live. The fourth-season premiere, Ambush, was performed twice, with an East Coast. Edwards has not won a Primetime Emmy, though he has nominated four times. He won a Golden Globe Award For Best Performance by an Actor-In a TV Series after being nominated four times, and he has two Screen Actors Guild Awards
38.
Top Gun
–
Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr. and was inspired by an article titled Top Guns published in California magazine three years earlier, the film stars Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer, Anthony Edwards, and Tom Skerritt. Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete Maverick Mitchell, a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise and he and his Radar Intercept Officer Nick Goose Bradshaw are given the chance to train at the Navys Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego. Top Gun was released on May 16,1986, despite its mixed critical reaction, the film was a huge commercial hit with grossing $356 million against production budget of only $15 million. With its success, the became a cult film over the years. Additionally, the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for Take My Breath Away performed by Berlin, in 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. United States Naval Aviator LT Pete Maverick Mitchell and his Radar Intercept Officer LTJG Nick Goose Bradshaw fly the F-14A Tomcat aboard USS Enterprise and they, with Mavericks wingman Cougar and his RIO Merlin, intercept fictional Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-28s over the Indian Ocean. During the engagement, Maverick flies his Tomcat parallel to one of the MiGs, Cougar is almost taken out by one of the hostile aircraft, however, and afterwards is too shaken to land despite being low on fuel. In defiance of orders, Maverick aborts his landing and escorts Cougar back to the carrier being low on fuel, Cougar gives up his wings, citing his newborn child that he has never seen. Despite his dislike for Mavericks recklessness, CAG Stinger sends him, Maverick flies recklessly in part to compensate for his father Duke Mitchell, a Naval Aviator with VF-51 aboard the USS Oriskany during the Vietnam War. The elder Mitchell died when his F-4 Phantom II was shot down in an incident Maverick refuses to believe was his fault, Goose is cautious and devoted to his wife Carol and child. The two officers are nonetheless close friends and effective partners, at a bar the day before Top Gun starts, Maverick, assisted by Goose, unsuccessfully approaches a woman. He learns the next day that she is Charlotte Charlie Blackwood, upon learning that Maverick is the pilot who flipped off a MiG-28 pilot, she is instantly more interested in him. Mavericks reckless flying both annoys and impresses LCDR Rick Jester Heatherly and other instructors, during class she analyzes Mavericks engagement with Jesters aircraft, calling it an example of what not to do. Later, Charlie admits to him that she admires his tactics but criticized them to hide her feelings for him from the others, during a training sortie Maverick abandons his wingman Hollywood to chase chief instructor CDR Mike Viper Metcalf. Near the end of the program, Maverick and Iceman both chase Jester, the latter attempts to gain a missile lock on the target. Maverick is close enough to take out Jester with his guns, Mavericks F-14 flies through the jet wash of Icemans aircraft and suffers a flameout of both engines, forcing Mavericks aircraft into an unrecoverable flat spin. Maverick and Goose eject, but the force of the ejection slams Gooses head into the aircraft canopy
39.
D.O.A. (1988 film)
–
D. O. A. is a 1988 American crime-thriller film and a remake of the 1950 film noir of the same name. While it shares the same premise, it has a different story, the film was directed by Annabel Jankel and Rocky Morton, and scripted by Charles Edward Pogue. The writers of the film, Russell Rouse and Clarence Greene. It stars Dennis Quaid, Meg Ryan, and Charlotte Rampling, the movie was filmed in Austin, Texas and San Marcos, Texas. A man staggers into the station to report a murder. When the desk sergeant asks who was murdered, he answers and that man is Professor Dexter Cornell, who then sits down to video-tape his account. Thirty-six hours previously, Cornell is on campus and he is a college professor, was once a promising writer, made his name and is secure in his tenure, but he has spent the last four years going through the motions and playing it safe. Publish or perish is the rule of university politics and Cornell helps his friend Hal Petersham with his first book. While he is in his office, a student, Nick Lang. This, coupled with the depressing Christmas season, unseasonably hot weather, there he meets admiring student Sydney Fuller and they proceed to get drunk. The next morning, Cornell, feeling his sickness is more than just a hangover, after running some tests, they discover that he has been poisoned and has 36 hours to live. An incredulous Cornell staggers out to try to sense of it all. Aided by Fuller, whom he kidnaps by super-gluing himself to her arm, the list of suspects includes his wife, who is also the victim of a murder, which the police make half-hearted efforts to pin on Cornell. It is learned that Lang was not a suicide but was also murdered, Cornell also suspects Langs mentor Mrs. Fitzwaring, Bernard the Fitzwarings chauffeur and Graham Corey, a jealous co-worker. In the end, at the station, Cornell has solved the crime. His friend Hal had read and was so impressed by Nick Langs manuscript that he decided to kill Nick, however, this involved killing anyone who knew that Nick was the original author, including Dexter. After a scuffle, Dexter shoots Hal who then falls out his office window, Dexter resigns himself to his fate. Dennis Quaid as Professor Dexter Cornell Meg Ryan as Sydney Fuller Daniel Stern as Hal Petersham Charlotte Rampling as Mrs. O. A, opened to mixed reviews and currently has a rating of 61% on Rotten Tomatoes
40.
The Presidio (film)
–
The Presidio is a 1988 American crime drama film directed by Peter Hyams, starring Sean Connery and Mark Harmon. The score was composed by Bruce Broughton, at the Presidio Army base in San Francisco, MP Patti Jean Lynch is shot dead while investigating a break-in on the base, and two San Francisco Police officers are killed in the getaway. Jay Austin, a San Francisco police inspector, is sent to investigate and he clashes with Lieutenant Colonel Alan Caldwell, the base Provost Marshal. Years ago, Austin and Lynch were partners while serving as MPs, when Austin arrested Lieutenant Colonel Paul Lawrence, Caldwell did not support him. In the aftermath, Austin was demoted and decided to leave the army, Austin and Caldwell share a dislike for one another. The murder investigation casts suspicion on Lawrence, as Lynch was killed with a Tokarev, Lawrence is the registered owner of a Tokarev, but claims he lost it in a poker game. Austin also learns that the car used by Lynchs killer was registered to a civilian named Arthur Peale. Austin tries to question Lawrence about the Tokarev, but Caldwell intervenes and this fuels Austins suspicions that Caldwell will do anything to protect a fellow officer from civilian authorities, even if he is a killer. Recognizing that part of the case is under Caldwells jurisdiction at the Presidio and part is under Austins jurisdiction in San Francisco, in the meantime, Caldwell and Austin visit Peale, who claims his car was simply stolen and has an alibi for the night Lynch was shot. Caldwell, though, noticed Vietnam-era paraphernalia in Peales office, using his own contacts, Caldwell learns that Peale was previously in the CIA, and a spy and military advisor in Vietnam at the same time Lawrence was there as an officer. It becomes clear that Lawrence and Peale knew each other, Austin gets the ballistics report back on the Tokarev, which confirms that Lawrences gun killed Lynch. Ignoring his agreement with Caldwell, Austin corners Lawrence when he leaves the Presidio, ultimately, Lawrence is killed in a hit and run. Caldwell is furious that Austin disregarded their agreement, compounding their past tension, Caldwell is also upset that Austin is dating his daughter Donna. Their relationship is rocky, with Donna alternately teasing and pushing Austin away, Caldwell confides in his friend, retired Sergeant Major Ross Maclure, who runs the Presidios war museum. It is revealed in backstory that Caldwell was Maclures lieutenant during the Vietnam War, Caldwell was very green and relied heavily on Maclure. In one sequence, Maclure saved an injured Caldwell and attacked a Vietcong platoon waiting to ambush American soldiers, in various scenes, Caldwells close friendship and affection for Maclure is demonstrated. Caldwell and Austin both figure out that the killer at the Presidio was trying to break into a storeroom to retrieve a bottle of spring water that was delivered earlier that day. Following that lead to the company which delivered the water, Austin gets the name of the driver who delivered the water
41.
Billy Crystal
–
William Edward Billy Crystal is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian and television host. City Slickers, and Analyze This and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the Monsters and he has hosted the Academy Awards 9 times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012. Crystal was born at Doctors Hospital on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, as a toddler, he moved with his family to 549 East Park Avenue in Long Beach, New York, on Long Island. Jack Crystal was also a promoter, a producer. The three young brothers would entertain by reprising comedy routines from the likes of Bob Newhart, Rich Little, jazz artists such as Arvell Shaw, Pee Wee Russell, Eddie Condon, and Billie Holiday were often guests in the home. With the decline of Dixieland jazz circa 1963, Crystals father lost his business and his mother, Helen Crystal, died in 2001. Crystal never played baseball at Marshall because the program was suspended during his first year and he did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, instead deciding to stay in New York to be close to his future wife. He attended Nassau Community College with Janice, and later transferred to New York University and he graduated from NYU in 1970 with a BFA from its School of Fine Arts, not yet named for the Tisch family. One of his instructors was Martin Scorsese while Oliver Stone and Christopher Guest were among his classmates, Crystal returned to New York City. For four years he was part of a trio with two friends. They played colleges and coffee houses and Crystal worked as a teacher on Long Island. He later became an act and performed regularly at The Improv. In 1976, Crystal appeared on an episode of All in the Family and he was on the dais for The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast of Muhammad Ali on February 19,1976, where he did impressions of both Ali and sportscaster Howard Cosell. He was scheduled to appear on the first episode of NBC Saturday Night and he did perform on episode 17 of that first season, doing a monologue of an old jazz man capped by the line Can you dig it. Host Ron Nessen introduced him as Bill Crystal, Crystal was a guest on the first and the last episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, which concluded February 6,2014 after 22 seasons on the air. Crystals earliest prominent role was as Jodie Dallas on Soap, one of the first unambiguously homosexual characters in the cast of an American television series and he continued in the role during the series entire 1977–1981 run. In 1982, Billy Crystal hosted his own variety show, The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour on NBC, when Crystal arrived to shoot the fifth episode, he learned it had been canceled after only the first two aired. After hosting Saturday Night Live twice, on March 17,1984 and his most famous recurring sketch was his parody of Fernando Lamas, a smarmy talk-show host whose catchphrase, You look
42.
Katz's Delicatessen
–
Since its founding in 1888, it has been popular among locals and tourists alike for its pastrami sandwiches and hot dogs, both of which are widely considered among New Yorks best. Each week, Katzs serves 15,000 pounds of pastrami,8,000 pounds of corned beef,2,000 pounds of salami and 4,000 hot dogs. In 2016, Zagats gave Katzs a food rating of 4.5 out of 5, in 1888, the Iceland brothers established what is now known as Katz’s Delicatessen on Ludlow Street in New York’s Lower East Side. Upon the arrival of Willy Katz in 1903, the name was changed from Iceland Brothers to Iceland & Katz. Willy’s cousin Benny joined him in 1910, buying out the Iceland brothers to form Katz’s delicatessen and their landsman Harry Tarowsky bought into the partnership in April 1917. The construction of the system required the deli to move to the present side of the street. The vacant lot on Houston Street was home to barrels of meat, in the early part of the twentieth century, the Lower East Side was home to millions of newly immigrated families. This, along with the lack of public and private transportation, on Fridays, the neighborhood turned out for franks and beans, a long time Katz tradition. During the peak of the Yiddish theater, the restaurant was frequently full of actors, singers, the slogan was coined by Izzys mother Rose Tarowsky, whose son served in the South Pacific as a bomber pilot. The next change in ownership took place with the death of Willy Katz, in 1980, both Lenny Katz and Harry Tarowsky died, leaving the store to Lennys son-in-law Artie Maxstein and Harrys son Izzy. Alan’s son Jake joined the business in late 2009 and is in charge of major operations, the restaurant celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2013. In connection with celebration, the restaurant opened a pop-up art gallery next door. The gallery featured original art by New York City artists such as Baron Von Fancy, during World War II, Katzs encouraged parents to Send a salami to your boy in the army which became one of the delis noted catch phrases. It is referenced in the Tom Lehrer song So Long Mom, in the lyric, Remember Mommy, Im off to get a Commie, so me an salami. Another of the catch phrases is Katzs, thats all. Which came about when a sign maker asked Harry Tarowsky what to say on the delis sign and this was misinterpreted by the sign maker who painted the sign as it stands today on the side of the building. As each customer enters Katzs, a door attendant hands them a printed, numbered ticket, as they receive their food from various stations/areas throughout the deli, employees compute a running total of the pre-tax bill. If several peoples orders are combined on a ticket, a cashier collects the blank tickets
43.
Manhattan
–
Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
44.
Orgasm
–
Orgasm is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual excitement during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region characterized by sexual pleasure. Experienced by males and females, orgasms are controlled by the involuntary or autonomic nervous system and they are often associated with other involuntary actions, including muscular spasms in multiple areas of the body, a general euphoric sensation and, frequently, body movements and vocalizations. The period after orgasm is often a relaxing experience, attributed to the release of the neurohormones oxytocin and prolactin as well as endorphins, Human orgasms usually result from physical sexual stimulation of the penis in males, and the clitoris in females. Sexual stimulation can be by self-practice or with a sex partner, the health effects surrounding the human orgasm are diverse. There is also a range of sexual dysfunctions, such as anorgasmia. Orgasm in non-human animals has been studied less than orgasm in humans. This is categorized as the discharge of accumulated sexual tension during the sexual response cycle. However, definitions of orgasm vary and there is sentiment that consensus on how to classify it is absent. At least twenty-six definitions of orgasm were listed in the journal Clinical Psychology Review, in these and similar cases, the sensations experienced are subjective and do not necessarily involve the involuntary contractions characteristic of orgasm. For example, modern findings support distinction between ejaculation and male orgasm, for this reason, there are views on both sides as to whether these can be accurately defined as orgasms. Orgasms can be achieved by a variety of activities, including vaginal, anal or oral sex, Orgasm may also be achieved by the use of a sex toy, such as a sensual vibrator or an erotic electrostimulation. It can additionally be achieved by stimulation of the nipples, uterus, or other erogenous zones, in addition to physical stimulation, orgasm can be achieved from psychological arousal alone, such as during dreaming or by orgasm control. Orgasm by psychological stimulation alone was first reported among people who had spinal cord injury, although sexual function and sexuality after spinal cord injury is very often impacted, this injury does not deprive one of sexual feelings such as sexual arousal and erotic desires. A person may experience multiple orgasms, or an involuntary orgasm, an involuntary orgasm from forced sexual contact often results in feelings of shame caused by internalization of victim-blaming attitudes. In one controlled study by Vance and Wagner, independent raters could not differentiate written descriptions of male versus female orgasm experiences, in men, the most common way of achieving orgasm is by physical sexual stimulation of the penis. This is usually accompanied by ejaculation, but it is possible, though also rare, men may also achieve orgasm by stimulation of the prostate. The traditional view of male orgasm is that there are two stages, emission following orgasm, almost instantly followed by a refractory period, in 1966, Masters and Johnson published pivotal research about the phases of sexual stimulation. Their work included women and men, and, unlike Alfred Kinsey in 1948 and 1953, tried to determine the stages before
