1.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)
–
It is the fifth film of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film series and is also a reboot that features the main characters, portrayed by a new cast and the first in the reboot series. The film was announced shortly before Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles co-creator Peter Laird sold the rights to the characters to Nickelodeon in October 2009, the film was released on August 8,2014. The film received negative reviews from critics, but was a box office success, earning $493.3 million on a $125 million budget. Conversely, it was nominated at the 28th Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie, Favorite Movie Actor. A sequel, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Out of the Shadows, was released on June 3,2016, April ONeil, a local reporter for Channel 6 Eyewitness News in New York City, investigates a crime wave by a group of criminals called the Foot Clan. At a dock at night, she sees the Foot raiding cargo containers, after an unseen vigilante attacks the thieves, April notices a symbol left behind. Aprils supervisor Bernadette Thompson and her coworkers are oblivious to her story, later while covering a charity event thrown by Sacks Industries, April expresses gratitude to the companys CEO Eric Sacks, who was her late fathers lab partner. Frustrated by the vigilante, the Foot Clans leader Shredder has the Foot Soldiers take hostages at a station in order to draw him out. April, at the scene, becomes a hostage herself, four mysterious figures arrive, take out the Clan, and free the hostages. April follows them to a rooftop and is shocked to see that the vigilantes are anthropomorphic mutant turtles, when she regains consciousness, they advise her not to tell anyone of them. As they leave, April hears Raphael and Leonardos names, unable to convince Bernadette of the Turtles existence, April is dismissed. Her coworker Vern Fenwick drives her to Sacks estate where she confides in him about her discovery, Sacks believes her and reveals that he and Aprils father had been experimenting on a mutagen created to cure disease, which was thought lost in the fire that killed her dad. At Splinters behest, the Turtles bring April to their sewer lair, Splinter explains April had saved them all from the fire and freed them into the sewers. The mutagen caused the five of them to grow and develop humanoid attributes, Splinter took on the role of their father, using Aprils father as an example. After finding a book on Ninjutsu in a drain, he proceeded to teach himself, then the Turtles. When April reveals she told Sacks about her discovery of the Turtles, Splinter informs her that Sacks turned on her father, then, Shredder and the Foot Soldiers attack the lair, defeating Splinter and incapacitating Raphael while the other Turtles are captured. April comes out of hiding and she and Raphael plan to save the others. At Sacks estate, he has the Turtles blood drained in order to create an antidote to a virus that Sacks hopes to flood New York with
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)
–
Will Arnett and Megan Fox at a Special Event Screening of the film in
Sydney,
Australia
2.
Sydney
–
Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
Sydney
–
The
Sydney Opera House and
CBD at dusk from
Jeffrey Street,
Kirribilli in December 2008
Sydney
–
A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove, by convict artist
Thomas Watling in 1794
Sydney
–
Sydney Cove from
Dawes Point, 1817
3.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
Australia
–
Aboriginal rock art in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia
Australia
Australia
–
Portrait of Captain
James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770
Australia
–
Tasmania's
Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed
Australian Convict Sites.
4.
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
–
Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U. S. state of Tennessee, about 25 miles west of Knoxville. Oak Ridges population was 29,330 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Oak Ridges nicknames include the Atomic City, the Secret City, the Ridge, Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project—the massive American, British, and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb. As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, scientific development still plays a role in the citys economy. The earliest substantial occupation of the Oak Ridge area occurred during the Woodland period, two Woodland mound sites—the Crawford Farm Mounds and the Freels Farm Mounds—were uncovered in the 1930s as part of the Norris Basin salvage excavations. Both sites were located just southeast of the former Scarboro community, the Bull Bluff site, which was occupied during both the Woodland and Mississippian periods, was uncovered in the 1960s in anticipation of the construction of Melton Hill Dam. Bull Bluff is a cliff located immediately southeast of Haw Ridge, the Oak Ridge area was largely uninhabited by the time Euro-American explorers and settlers arrived in the late 18th century, although the Cherokee claimed the land as part of their hunting grounds. According to local tradition, John Hendrix, a local resident regarded as a mystic. Upset by the death of his daughter and the subsequent departure of his wife and remaining family, he became religious. When he described his visions, people thought he was insane, for this reason, maj. Gen. Leslie Groves, military head of the Manhattan Project, liked the area for several reasons. Finally, the location was established within a 17-mile-long valley. The new District Engineer Kenneth Nichols had to placate him, cooper came to see the project on November 3,1943, and he appreciated the bourbon-laced punch served. CEW and HEW accommodation in houses and dormitories was basic, with rather than oil or electric furnaces. But it was of a higher standard than Groves would have liked, medical care was provided by Army doctors and hospitals, with civilians paying $2.50 per month to the medical insurance fund. The location and low population also helped keep the town a secret, the K-25 uranium-separating facility by itself covered 44 acres and was the largest building in the world at that time. The name Oak Ridge was chosen for the settlement in 1943 from among suggestions submitted by project employees, the name related to the settlements location along Black Oak Ridge, and officials thought the rural-sounding name held outside curiosity to a minimum. The name wasnt formally adopted until 1949, and the site was referred to as the Clinton Engineer Works until then, the town was surrounded by guard towers and a fence with seven gates. Starting in October 1942, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began acquiring more than 60,000 acres in the Oak Ridge area for the United States Manhattan Project, many residents came home to find eviction notices tacked to their doors
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
–
Seal
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
–
Location in
Anderson County and the state of
Tennessee.
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
–
Historical marker recalling the now-defunct community of Scarboro
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
–
George Jones Memorial Baptist Church, built by the residents of
Wheat in 1901
5.
Brian Austin Green
–
Brian Austin Green is an American actor best known for his portrayal of David Silver on the television series Beverly Hills,90210. Green was born in Los Angeles County, California, the son of Joyce and George Green and his middle name, Austin, was added to differentiate himself from another actor when he joined the Screen Actors Guild as a child. Green grew up in North Hollywood and attended North Hollywood High School and he reprised his role in the television miniseries Knots Landing, Back to the Cul-de-Sac. Producer Aaron Spelling has stated that Green was cast in the role of David Silver much because he felt that Greens own personality resembled the personality they wanted that character to have, the character was often scripted to reflect Greens own interests. As the series progressed, the character began to experiment with hip hop music and DJing, in 1996, Green dropped Austin from his professional name and attempted a career as a rapper, releasing one album, titled One Stop Carnival, produced by The Pharcyde member Slimkid3. Green appeared briefly in the multiple award-winning Showtime drama series Resurrection Blvd. as Luke Bonner and he had a cameo on Hope & Faith where he met Megan Fox, they started dating in 2004. He appeared on the ABC sitcom Freddie starring Freddie Prinze, Jr and he was a guest star on The Twilight Zone, Las Vegas and CSI, Crime Scene Investigation. He also appeared alongside former 90210 cast member Ian Ziering in the Tony Scott film Domino as parodies of themselves, Green appeared in a horror short called Grace, which was set around a miscarriage gone bad, and features Gilmore Girls actress Liza Weil as his love interest. It premiered at the Fangoria Weekend of Horrors on June 2,2006 and he was a guest star on George Lopez as Chris in 2006. In 2008, Green was cast as Derek Reese in Terminator, The Sarah Connor Chronicles and he is the older brother of Kyle Reese and paternal uncle of John. Green was a character in Season 1 but became a regular at the start of Season 2, following a positive response from critics. Green guest-starred on the Season 7 finale of CSI, Miami as Anthony Green, Green was cast in The CWs new drama pilot Body Politic, along with Minka Kelly, Gabrielle Union, and Jason Dohring. The series was not picked up for fall 2009, Green said in an interview that he was co-producing a big screen adaptation of Fathom, starring Megan Fox. On September 27,2009, Green made a guest appearance on the television series Saturday Night Live in a skit involving girlfriend Megan Fox, in the skit Green played a version of the Transformer Bumblebee in which Bumblebee is merely a man wearing a Bumblebee mask. Green was cast as Clay in One Tree Hills seventh season, in 2009, Green was cast as John Corben/Metallo in Smallville. He appeared in three episodes in the season between 2009–2010, the first being the ninth season premiere episode Savior. The character is a reporter, similar to the Silver Age John Corben. As a back-story for this version, he had been stationed in Afghanistan
Brian Austin Green
–
Green at
Comic-Con, February 2008
6.
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen
–
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen is a 2004 American teen musical comedy film directed by Sara Sugarman and produced by Robert Shapiro and Matthew Hart for Walt Disney Pictures. The screenplay was written by Gail Parent and is based on the novel of the name by Dyan Sheldon. It was released in late February 2004 to negative feedback from critics, nonetheless, it was a modest commercial success, reaching number two in the United States box office behind Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymores 50 First Dates. It was released July 20,2004 on VHS and DVD, Mary Elizabeth Lola Cep is a 15-year-old girl who grew up in New York City and wants desperately to be a famous Broadway actress. Much to her annoyance, she moves with her family to the suburbs of Dellwood, New Jersey, at school, Lola makes friends with an unpopular girl, Ella Gerard, who shares her love for the rock band Sidarthur. Lola idolizes the bands lead singer Stu Wolff and she also meets Sam, a cute boy who takes a liking to her, and makes enemies with Carla Santini, the most popular girl in school. When Lola auditions for the play, a modernized musical version of Pygmalion called Eliza Rocks, she is chosen over Carla to play Eliza. Lola also beats Carla on a video game at an arcade, where Carla reveals that she has tickets to the farewell concert of Sidarthur. Afraid of being one-upped by Carla, Lola falsely claims that Ella and she have tickets, too. She loses her chance to buy tickets and new clothes when her mother takes away her allowance, and the concert is sold out by the time she persuades Ella to pay for the tickets. Lola explains that they can buy tickets from a scalper, though, on the night of the concert, Lola and Ella take a train to New York City, but Lola loses the money for the tickets, and her plan to sneak into the concert does not work. Lola and Ella finally give up and walk through the city to Stus after-show party, when they get there, Stu stumbles drunkenly out of the building and passes out in an alley. The two girls take him to a diner to sober him up, but he gets in trouble, and they end up at a police station, at this point, Lolas dishonesty becomes a problem. When she met Ella, she tried to impress her by telling her a story about her father dying years earlier. Ella highly values honesty, so she becomes infuriated when she discovers that Lolas story was a lie, Lola talks with Stu about his work, but is disappointed to discover that he is a drunk. Back at school, Carla humiliates Lola by denying that she saw Lola or Ella at the party, none of the other students believes Lolas story about being arrested with Stu and leaving her necklace at his house. Afterward, Lola goes home, depressed, and refuses to perform in the play, as she is about to go on stage, her mother wishes her good luck and finally calls her by her nickname, Lola. The modernist interpretation of Pygmalion ensues, after a great performance that brings a standing ovation, the cast goes to an after-party at Carlas house, where Stu arrives to see Lola
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen
–
Theatrical release poster
7.
Mikaela Banes
–
The following is a list of characters featured in the Transformers film series, distributed by Paramount Pictures. In the four films,28 Autobots have appeared in the series, most of them were members of NEST. By the end of Dark of the Moon, nine Autobots remained on Earth, but after five years, Cemetery Wind and Lockdown eliminate most of them. By the end of Age of Extinction, ten Autobots remained, while the fates of the five other Autobots remain unknown and he comes to Earth to destroy the AllSpark in order to end the war. Don Murphy decided after discussions with fans on his website that they wanted the voices from the original 1980s cartoon series. Cullen described reprising the role as easy as slipping into an old pair of very comfortable shoes that you havent worn for a while and his performance consisted of much improvisation with Bay, and portraying the traditional heroism of the character as well as bringing a sense of humor. Optimus transforms into a 1997 red and blue Peterbilt 379 semi-trailer truck built by truck designer Dave Porter of Wright City, MO. The selection of the Peterbilt, a more aggressive compared to the original flat-nosed truck from the animated series was also made as a nod to Spielbergs film Duel. The original cab over design was rejected because that would transform into a twenty-feet tall model of the character. Optimus has red flame artwork on his blue body and this was a compromise between Hasbro, who wanted to retain the characters iconic red chest, and Bay, who felt red alone would not photograph well. Hasbro had previously rejected designs of Optimus which were too blue, Optimus head was built on set as a prop. In the first film, Optimus Prime arrives on earth with Ratchet, Ironhide, in the final battle at Mission City, he kills the Decepticon Bonecrusher and battles Megatron. As a result, Cybertron can no longer be restored, afterwards, Optimus and the other Autobots form an alliance with the humans and work closely with NEST. In Revenge of the Fallen, conceptual essays were made in an attempt to use his classic trailer for his power up mode, Cullen recorded a voiceover for the opening scene in August 2008, but began the majority of voice work in November. Optimus is killed by Megatron after a battle with him, Starscream, near the end of the film, he is later revived by Sam with the Matrix of Leadership and is fused with Jetfire, making him more powerful. Optimus Prime then faces The Fallen and Megatron, after a vicious fight, Optimus severely wounds Megatron and kills the Fallen. Originally, a cameo was written for Cullen, but it was not included in the cut of the film. In Dark of the Moon, Optimus revives Sentinel Prime using the Matrix of Leadership, but, Sentinel later betrays the Autobots and joins the Decepticons to restore Cybertron with the Pillars
Mikaela Banes
–
Shia LaBeouf portraying Sam Witwicky in the 2007 film
Transformers.
Mikaela Banes
–
Mikaela Banes in Transformers.
Mikaela Banes
–
Huntington-Whiteley at the
Transformers: Dark of the Moon premiere in June 2011.
Mikaela Banes
–
Carly Spencer as she appears in
Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
8.
Romantic interest
–
Romance is the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person often associated with sexual attraction. It is eros rather than agape, philia, or storge, historically, the term romance originates with the medieval ideal of chivalry as set out in its chivalric romance literature. Humans have an inclination to form bonds with one another through social interactions. The debate over an exact definition of love may be found in literature as well as in the works of psychologists, philosophers, biochemists and other professionals. The addition of drama to relationships of close, deep and strong love, psychologist Charles Lindholm defined love to be. an intense attraction that involves the idealization of the other, within an erotic context, with expectation of enduring sometime into the future. The word was originally an adverb of the Latin origin Romanicus, the connecting notion is that European medieval vernacular tales were usually about chivalric adventure, not combining the idea of love until late into the seventeenth century. In primitive societies, tension existed between marriage and the erotic, but this was expressed in taboo regarding the menstrual cycle. Anthropologists such as Claude Lévi-Strauss show that there were forms of courtship in ancient as well as contemporary primitive societies. There may not be evidence, however, that members of such societies formed loving relationships distinct from their established customs in a way that would parallel modern romance, before the 18th century, many marriages were not arranged, but rather developed out of more or less spontaneous relationships. After the 18th century, illicit relationships took on an independent role. In bourgeois marriage, illicitness may have become more formidable and likely to cause tension, in Ladies of the Leisure Class, Rutgers University professor Bonnie G. Smith depicts courtship and marriage rituals that may be viewed as oppressive to modern people. She writes When the young women of the Nord married, they did so without illusions of love and they acted within a framework of concern for the reproduction of bloodlines according to financial, professional, and sometimes political interests. Subsequent sexual revolution has lessened the conflicts arising out of liberalism, anthony Giddens, in his book The Transformation of Intimacy, Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Society, states that romantic love introduced the idea of a narrative into an individuals life. He adds that telling a story was one of the meanings of romance, according to Giddens, the rise of romantic love more or less coincided with the emergence of the novel. It was then that romantic love, associated with freedom and therefore the ideals of romantic love, for the discourse of intimacy emotional closeness was much more important than passion. This does not mean by any means that intimacy is to replace romance, on the contrary, intimacy and romance coexist. The 21st century has seen the growth of globalization and people now live in a world of transformations that affect almost every aspect of our lives, one example of the changes experienced in relationships was explored by Giddens regarding homosexual relationships. According to Giddens since homosexuals were not able to marry they were forced to more open
Romantic interest
–
The Stolen Kiss by
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1786)
Romantic interest
–
Bernger von Horheim in the Codex Manesse (early 14th century)
Romantic interest
–
"La Belle Dame sans Merci" 1893, by
John William Waterhouse (1849-1917)
Romantic interest
–
Romeo and Juliet parting on the balcony in Act III.
9.
Shia LaBeouf
–
Shia Saide LaBeouf is an American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker. He made his debut in Holes, based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar. In 2004, he made his debut with the short film Lets Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac, starring American rappers Cage. In 2007, LaBeouf starred in the successful films Disturbia. The same year he was cast in Michael Bays science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky, despite mixed reviews, Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007. LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers, Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers, Dark of the Moon, in 2008, he played Henry Mutt Williams Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise. His other films include Wall Street, Money Never Sleeps, Lawless, The Company You Keep, Nymphomaniac, since 2014, LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner. LaBeouf was born in Los Angeles, California, as the child of Shayna. His mother is a dancer and ballerina turned visual artist and clothing jewelry designer and his father is a Vietnam War veteran who had numerous jobs. LaBeoufs mother is Jewish, and his father, who is of Cajun descent, is Christian, LaBeouf has described himself as Jewish, and has stated that he was raised around both sides, he had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony, and was also baptized in the Angelus church. One of the camps he attended was Christian and his first name is derived from the Hebrew shai Yah, meaning gift of God. During his childhood, he accompanied his father to meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous, LaBeouf has also said he was subjected to verbal and mental abuse by his father, who once pointed a gun at his son during a Vietnam War flashback. LaBeouf has stated that his father was on drugs during his childhood, LaBeoufs uncle was going to adopt him at one stage because his parents could not afford to have him anymore and they had too much pride to go on welfare or food stamps. As a way of dealing with his parents divorce, he would perform for his family, LaBeouf remains close to and financially supports both of his parents. He attended 32nd Street Visual and Performing Arts Magnet in Los Angeles and Alexander Hamilton High School, in an interview, LaBeouf said that, looking back on his childhood, he feels grateful and considers some of those memories scars. Prior to acting, LaBeouf practiced comedy around his neighborhood as an escape from a hostile environment, at age 10, he began performing stand-up at comedy clubs, describing his appeal as having disgustingly dirty material and a 50-year-old mouth on the 10-year-old kid. He subsequently found an agent through the Yellow Pages and was taken on after pretending to be his own manager. In the early 2000s, LaBeouf became known among young audiences after playing Louis Stevens on the Disney Channel weekly program Even Stevens and he has said that grew up on that show and being cast was the best thing that happened to him
Shia LaBeouf
–
LaBeouf at the premiere of
Fury in Washington D.C, October 2014
Shia LaBeouf
–
LaBeouf in November 2006, promoting Bobby.
Shia LaBeouf
–
LaBeouf promoting Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, June 2009.
Shia LaBeouf
–
In June 2009 with co-star
Megan Fox at the
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen press conference in Paris.
10.
Transformers (film)
–
Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line created by Hasbro. The film, which combines animation with live-action, is directed by Michael Bay. It is the first installment of the live-action Transformers film series, the film was produced by Don Murphy and Tom DeSanto. They developed the project in 2003, and DeSanto wrote a treatment, Steven Spielberg came on board the following year, hiring Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to write the screenplay. Armed Forces and General Motors loaned vehicles and aircraft during filming, hasbros promotional campaign for the film included deals with hundreds of companies. Advertising included a viral marketing campaign, coordinated releases of prequel comic books, toys, and books, as well as product placement deals with GM, Burger King, and eBay. The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards, for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects. LaBeoufs performance was praised by Empire, and Cullens reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was received by fans. A sequel, Revenge of the Fallen, was released on June 24,2009, a third film, Dark of the Moon, was released on June 29,2011, in 3-D and went on to gross over $1 billion. A fourth entry, Age of Extinction, was released on June 27,2014, a fifth installment, titled Transformers, The Last Knight, is scheduled for a June 23,2017 release. Several thousand years ago, the planet Cybertron was consumed by a war by the two Transformer factions, the Autobots led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons led by Megatron. Optimus jettisoned the AllSpark, an artifact that brings life to the planet, into space. Megatron crashed in the Arctic Circle and froze, and was discovered in 1895 by explorer Archibald Witwicky, Witwicky activated Megatron’s navigational system, which scanned the AllSpark’s coordinates into his glasses. The glasses end up in the possession of his great-great-grandson Sam Witwicky, in the present, Sam buys his first car, a rusting Chevrolet Camaro, but discovers it has a life of its own. In modern Qatar, Blackout attacks and destroys a United States military base in a attempt to hack the military network to find information on Megatron. A team of Army Rangers led by Captain William Lennox escape across the desert and they fight Scorponok off, aided by aerial reinforcements, and travel home with Scorponok’s stinger, discovering sabot rounds damaged the armor. At the Pentagon, Secretary of Defense John Keller leads the investigation into the attack, Sound analyst Maggie Madsen catches another Decepticon, Frenzy, hacking into the network while onboard Air Force One. While the hack is thwarted, Frenzy downloads files on Archibald’s glasses, tracking down Sam with Barricade, disguised as a police car
Transformers (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Transformers (film)
–
The
Peterbilt 379 used to portray Optimus Prime
Transformers (film)
–
The
Chevrolet Camaro used to portray Bumblebee
Transformers (film)
–
The
Pontiac Solstice used to portray Jazz
11.
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
–
Transformers, Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. It is a sequel to the 2007 film Transformers and the installment in the live-action Transformers film series taking place two years after its predecessor. The plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons, returning Transformers include Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Ironhide, Ratchet, Megatron, Starscream, Bonecrusher and Scorponok. Shooting took place from May to November 2008, with locations in Egypt, Jordan, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Revenge of the Fallen was released on June 19,2009 in the United Kingdom and on June 24,2009 in the United States. The film grossed a total of $402.1 million in the U. S. and Canada and $434.2 million in other territories, for a total of $836.3 million worldwide. It was the second highest-grossing film of 2009 in the US and Canada, 23rd domestically, with over 11 million home media sales in 2009, it was also the top-selling film of the year in the United States. Metacritic said the film received unfavorable reviews. However, critics praised the effects, music and the voice performances of Hugo Weaving, Charlie Adler. It won three Golden Raspberry Awards at the 30th Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony and became the film to win the Worst Picture award. This was the last film in the series to star Megan Fox, a third film, Dark of the Moon, was released on June 29,2011 and a fourth film, Age of Extinction, was released on June 27,2014. A fifth film, Transformers, The Last Knight is scheduled for a 2017 release, a sixth film serving as a Bumblebee spin-off is scheduled for a 2018 release. A seventh film, serving as the main entry Transformers 6 is scheduled for a 2019 release. In 17,000 B. C. the Seven Primes traveled the galaxy to create Energon with star-absorbing machines called Sun Harvesters. After defeating ancient humans, The Fallen is confronted by the other Primes, the Primes then sacrifice themselves to hide the Matrix in an unknown location shortly afterwards. During a mission in Shanghai, Optimus Prime is warned by Demolisher of The Fallens return, simultaneously, Soundwave hacks into a U. S. military satellite, overhears the information, and sends Ravage to retrieve the shard. Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky prepares to attend college, leaving his girlfriend Mikaela Banes, while preparing, he discovers a smaller AllSpark shard in his jacket. He picks up the shard, which causes him to see Cybertronian symbols, after Bumblebee destroys the rampaging appliances, Sam gives the shard to Mikaela, who later captures Decepticon Wheelie when he tries to steal it. The Constructicons resurrect Megatron by using the shard retrieved by Ravage, a pretender Decepticon, Alice, tries to seduce Sam, until he gets rescued by Mikaela and his college roommate Leo
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
–
Theatrical release poster
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
–
Three days of filming were spent in Egypt.
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
–
Starscream confronts Sam. In his audio commentary for the 2007 film, Michael Bay said he wanted more close-ups of robots for the sequel.
12.
Eponymous
–
An eponym is a person, place, or thing for whom or for which something is named, or believed to be named. For example, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, recent usage, especially in the recorded-music industry, also allows eponymous to mean named after its central character or creator. In ancient Greece, the eponymous archon was the highest magistrate in classical Athens, Eponymous archons served a term of one year which took the name of that particular archon. Later historians provided yet another case of eponymy by referring to the period of Fifth-century Athens as The Age of Pericles after its most influential statesman Pericles. In Ptolemaic Egypt, the head priest of the Cult of Alexander, the Hebrew Bible explains the origins of peoples through individuals who bear their name. In most cases, the experiences and behavior of the ancestor is meant to indicate the characteristics of the people who take their name, in ancient Rome, one of the two formal ways of indicating a year was to cite the two annual consuls who served in that year. For example, the year we know as 59 BC would have described as the consulship of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus and Gaius Julius Caesar. Under the empire, the consuls would change as often as two months, but only the two consuls at the beginning of the year would lend their names to that year. During the Christian era, itself eponymous, many households used eponymous dating by regnal years. The Roman Catholic Church, however, eventually used the Anno Domini dating scheme based on the birth of Christ on both the public and royalty. Government administrations may become referred to eponymously, such as Kennedys Camelot, British monarchs have become eponymous throughout the English-speaking world for time periods, fashions, etc. Elizabethan, Georgian, Victorian, and Edwardian are examples of these, trends Political trends or movements often become eponymous with a government leader. Examples include Jacksonian democracy, Stalinism, Maoism, Obamacare, in intellectual property law an eponym can refer to a generic trademark or brand name, a form of metonymy, such as aspirin, heroin and thermos in the United States. In geography, places and towns can also be given a name through a relationship to an important figure. Peloponnesus, for instance, was said to derive its name from the Greek hero Pelops, in historical times, new towns have often been named after their founders, discoverers, or notable individuals. In science and technology, discoveries and innovations are often named after the discoverer or a figure influential in their advance, examples are Avogadros number, the Diesel engine, meitnerium, Alzheimers disease, and the Apgar score. For a different view of the process see Stiglers law of eponymy, the term is also applied to music, usually with regard to record titles, where it is prevalent and leads to confusion. For example, Bad Companys first album was entitled Bad Company, titled a 1988 compilation album Eponymous
Eponymous
–
The mythological Greek hero
Orion is the eponym of the
constellation Orion, shown here, and thus indirectly of the
Orion spacecraft.
13.
Modern history
–
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the global historiographical approach to the timeframe after the Post-classical history. It took all of history up to 1804 for the worlds population to reach 1 billion. Contemporary history is the span of historic events from approximately 1945 that are relevant to the present time. Some events, while not without precedent, show a new way of perceiving the world, the concept of modernity interprets the general meaning of these events and seeks explanations for major developments. The fundamental difficulty of studying modern history is the fact that a plethora of it has been documented up to the present day and it is imperative to consider the reliability of the information obtained from these records. In the pre-modern era, many peoples sense of self and purpose was expressed via a faith in some form of deity. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person. It was only through intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine. Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the order of ceremony. The term modern was coined in the 16th century to present or recent times. New information about the world was discovered via empirical observation, versus the use of reason. The term Early Modern was introduced in the English language in the 1930s, to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment. It is important to note that these terms stem from European history, in the Contemporary era, there were various socio-technological trends. Regarding the 21st century and the modern world, the Information Age and computers were forefront in use, not completely ubiquitous. The development of Eastern powers was of note, with China, in the Eurasian theater, the European Union and Russian Federation were two forces recently developed. A concern for Western world, if not the world, was the late modern form of terrorism. The modern period has been a period of significant development in the fields of science, politics, warfare and it has also been an age of discovery and globalization. During this time, the European powers and later their colonies, began a political, economic, the modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism, capitalism, urbanization and a belief in the possibilities of technological and political progress
Modern history
–
Waldseemüller map with joint sheets, 1507
Modern history
–
John Trumbull 's
Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the
Second Continental Congress in
Philadelphia
Modern history
–
North America 1797
Modern history
–
Map of territories that became independent during those wars (blue).
14.
Maxim (magazine)
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Maxim has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month, Maxim magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide. Maxim has expanded into other countries, including Australia. It contains content not included in the print version and focuses on the general topics, along with exclusive sections such as the Girls of Maxim galleries. Maxim Video contains video clips of interviews, music videos, photo shoots, on February 5,2005, Maxim Radio, featuring male-oriented talk programming, debuted on Sirius Satellite Radio. Following the Sirius-XM merger in late 2008, the Maxim brand was dropped, the land was sold to MGM Mirage. As of April 23,2009 Dennis Publishing has announced that it no longer continue producing a print edition of Maxim in the UK. In July 2009, Maxim partnered with the UFC for the first-ever Maxim UFC Octagon Girl Search at the UFC Fan Expo,40 girls participated in the contest, and the winner was Natasha Wicks. Quadrangle Group gave up on its investment in Alpha Media Group in August 2009, in 2013, Alpha announced the sale of Maxim to the newly created Darden Media Group, but Darden was unable to raise the money. Calvin Darden, Jr. was later charged with fraud relating to the transaction. Between 2010 and 2012, Maxim eliminated two issues, going from 12 issues a year to 10, and decreased its circulation numbers by 20%, maximum Warrior debuted in 2011, as an online reality competition that tests ten of Americas most elite military operators in ten military-inspired challenges. The videos are available online and on the Maxim app on Xbox Live, several episodes feature Dakota Meyer, Maxims Military Advisor. Maximum Warrior is produced by Grand Street Media, on February 27,2014, entrepreneur Sardar Biglari, the founder of Biglari Holdings and Biglari Capital, purchased Maxim. We plan to build the business on multiple dimensions, he said at the time, during Lanphears tenure, the September 2015 issue featured actor Idris Elba on its cover, marking the first time that the magazine didnt have a woman on the cover. Lanphear left the magazine in November 2015, at one point last year, the staffer said, he decided to throw out a nearly-complete version of the December issue in order to completely redesign the magazine. On January 13,2016 Gilles Bensimon joined Biglari as a creative director. What drew me to Maxim was Sardars vision for the brand, the Centre described Maxim as consisting of sexist bravado and racist imagery. In 2006, Alok Jha of The Guardian criticized Maxim for encouraging excessive alcohol consumption, in June 2007, Israeli diplomat David Saranga invited Maxim to the country
Maxim (magazine)
–
April 2014 Maxim cover
15.
Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
Rolling Stone
–
Cee Lo Green,
Adam Levine,
Christina Aguilera, and
Blake Shelton, on the cover of the February 1, 2012, issue of Rolling Stone
16.
FHM
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FHM was a UK monthly mens lifestyle magazine. It contained features such as the FHM100 Sexiest Women in the World, on 17 November 2015, FHM announced on its website that it would be suspending publication. Circulation expanded to newsagents as a quarterly by the spring of 1987 and it subsequently dominated the mens market and began to expand internationally, being published in 27 countries including Pakistan and India. FHM was sold as part of the company sale, from EMAP to Hamburg based company Bauer Media Group in February 2008. On 17 November 2015, FHM announced their intention to suspend publication alongside that of mens magazine ZOO. Each of FHMs international editions publish yearly rankings for the sexiest women alive based on public, dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below. The data below refer only to the British edition, FHM was published in the following territories. The Girls of FHM List of mens magazines Official website
FHM
–
For Him Magazine (FHM)
17.
Pentecostal
–
The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, the Greek name for the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, like other forms of evangelical Protestantism, Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of scripture and the necessity of accepting Christ as personal Lord and Savior. It is distinguished by belief in the baptism in the Holy Spirit that enables a Christian to live a Spirit-filled and empowered life and this empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement, Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century among radical adherents of the Holiness movement who were energized by revivalism and expectation for the imminent Second Coming of Christ. In 1900, Charles Parham, an American evangelist and faith healer, the three-year-long Azusa Street Revival, founded and led by William J. While virtually all Pentecostal denominations trace their origins to Azusa Street, an early dispute centered on challenges to the doctrine of the Trinity. As a result, the Pentecostal Movement is divided between trinitarian and non-trinitarian branches, there are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents, Pentecostalism is an evangelical faith, emphasizing the reliability of the Bible and the need for the transformation of an individuals life through faith in Jesus. Like other evangelicals, Pentecostals generally adhere to the Bibles divine inspiration and inerrancy—the belief that the Bible, Pentecostals emphasize the teaching of the full gospel or foursquare gospel. The central belief of Pentecostalism is that through the death, burial and this is the Gospel or good news. The fundamental requirement of Pentecostalism is that one be born again, the new birth is received by the grace of God through faith in Christ as Lord and Savior. In being born again, the believer is regenerated, justified, adopted into the family of God, Pentecostal soteriology is generally Arminian rather than Calvinist. The security of the believer is a doctrine held within Pentecostalism, nevertheless, Pentecostals believe in both a literal heaven and hell, the former for those who have accepted Gods gift of salvation and the latter for those who have rejected it. For most Pentecostals there is no requirement to receive salvation. Baptism with the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues are not generally required, a notable exception is Oneness Pentecostalism, most adherents of which believe both water baptism and Spirit baptism are integral components of salvation. Pentecostals identify three distinct uses of the baptism in the New Testament, Baptism into the body of Christ. Every believer in Christ is made a part of his body, the Holy Spirit is the agent, and the body of Christ is the medium. Baptism with the Holy Spirit, This is an experience distinct from baptism into the body of Christ
Pentecostal
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A Pentecostal church in
Jyväskylä, Finland
Pentecostal
–
A Pentecostal congregation in
Brazil
Pentecostal
–
Pentecostals pray in tongues at an Assemblies of God church in Cancun, Mexico
18.
Kingston, Tennessee
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Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Roane County, Tennessee, United States. It had a population of 5,934 at the 2010 United States census, Kingston is adjacent to Watts Bar Lake. Kingston has its roots in Fort Southwest Point, which was built just south of present-day Kingston in 1792, at the time, Southwest Point was on the fringe of the legal settlement area for Euro-Americans. A Cherokee village, headed by Chief Tollunteeskee, was situated just across the river, in 1805, Colonel Return J. Meigs, who operated out of Southwest Point, was appointed Cherokee Agent, effectively moving the agency from the Tellico Blockhouse to Southwest Point. The city of Kingston was established on October 23,1799, Kingston was named after Major Robert King, an officer at Fort Southwest Point in the 1790s. On September 21,1807, Kingston was Tennessees state capital for one day, after adjourning that day, the Assembly resumed meeting in Knoxville. At the outset of the Civil War in 1861, Kingston was selected as the site of the session of the East Tennessee Convention. Due to the Confederate occupation of the region, however, this third session, in October 1861, William B. Carter and several co-conspirators planned the East Tennessee bridge burnings from a command post in Kingston. In 1955, the Tennessee Valley Authority completed work on the Kingston Fossil Plant, the plant, which consumes roughly 14,000 short tons of coal daily, can produce up to 1,456 megawatts of electricity. The plants 1, 000-foot smokestacks are a sight to drivers on the Roane County stretch of Interstate 40. On December 22,2008, a 40-acre impoundment containing fly ash slurry from the power plant broke, Kingston is located at 35°52′20″N 84°31′0″W. The town is situated at the confluence of the Clinch, Emory and these confluences are now part of Watts Bar Lake, a reservoir created by the impoundment of the Tennessee by Watts Bar Dam several miles to the southwest. Interstate 40 passes through Kingston, running parallel to U. S.70. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.8 square miles, of which 7.1 square miles is land and 0.73 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,264 people,2,263 households, the population density was 803.7 people per square mile. There were 2,478 housing units at a density of 378.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 75% White,3. 55% African American,0. 23% Native American,0. 49% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 23% from other races, and 1. 69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 97% of the population,29. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Kingston, Tennessee
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Roane County Courthouse in Kingston
Kingston, Tennessee
–
The Kingston power plant
19.
St. Petersburg, Florida
–
St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida, St. Petersburg is the second-largest city in the Tampa Bay Area, after Tampa. Together with Clearwater, these comprise the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, the second-largest in Florida with a population of around 2.8 million, St. Petersburg is located on a peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and is connected to mainland Florida to the north. St. Petersburg was founded in 1888 by John C, Williams, who purchased the land, and by Peter Demens, who brought the railroad industry into the area. St. Petersburg was incorporated as a town on February 29,1892, the city is often referred to by locals as St. Pete. Neighboring St. Pete Beach formally shortened its name in 1994 after a vote by its residents, St. Petersburg is governed by a mayor and city council. With an average of some 361 days of each year. Due to its weather and low cost of living, the city has long been a popular retirement destination. American Style magazine ranked St. Petersburg its top mid-size city in 2011, the city was co-founded by John C. Williams, formerly of Detroit, who purchased the land in 1875, the first major newspaper to debut in Tampa Bay was the St. Petersburg Times which established in 1884. St. Petersburg was incorporated as a town on February 29,1892, a local legend says that John C. Williams and Peter Demens flipped a coin to see who would have the honor of naming the city. The Detroit Hotel still exists downtown, but has turned into a condominium. The oldest running hotels are the historic Pier Hotel, built in 1921, formally Hotel Cordova and The Heritage Hotel, Philadelphia publisher F. A. Davis turned on St. Petersburgs first electrical service in 1897 and its first trolley service in 1904. Within a year, Hibbs Fish Company was shipping more than 1,000 pounds of fish each day, St. Petersburg was incorporated into a city in June 1903. With this transition, the development of the waterfront had dredging of a deeper shipping channel from 1906 to 1908 which opened St. Petersburg to larger shipping. Further dredging improved the facilities through the 1910s. By then the population had quadrupled to a population of 4,127 citizens
St. Petersburg, Florida
–
1906 postcard of painting by W.L. Straub of St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg, Florida
–
Downtown St. Petersburg in August 2008
St. Petersburg, Florida
–
Central Avenue c. 1910
St. Petersburg, Florida
–
St. Petersburg seen from Spot satellite
20.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
21.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
–
A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
–
Flag
California
–
Mount Shasta
California
–
Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
22.
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
–
The 34th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 10 and September 19,2009. The opening night gala presented the Charles Darwin biography Creation, the Young Victoria, based on the early years of Queen Victoria, closed the festival on September 19. TIFF is an organization whose goal is to change the way people look at the world through film. The festival is Canadas largest film festival, receiving 4,209 submissions in 2008, of this total,312 films were screened coming from 64 different countries. TIFF creates an economic impact of $135 million CAD. Aided by over 2,000 volunteers,100 full-time staff members and 500 seasonal or part-time staff are responsible for organizing the festival, two screenings of each of the invited films are presented to the public and at least one screening is provided for press and industry. The 2009 festival contained 19 different Programmes, or categories of films, after the ten days of film, the Awards reception was held at Intercontinental Hotel on Front Street in Toronto. Perhaps the most prestigious of the awards was bestowed to Lee Danielss Precious and this award was the 2009 Cadillac Peoples Choice Award and is based solely on votes by Festival audiences. This award carries a $15,000 cash prize and also comes with a custom made award from Cadillac and it is widely considered to be the most prestigious because it has had the greatest impact on audiences and inspires film distributors to sign the winning film for larger international releases. Last years winner Slumdog Millionaire directed by Danny Boyle, went on to huge international spotlight which culminated at the 2009 Academy Awards where it won Best Picture. Lee Daniels Precious was also a big Oscar contender as it was nominated for Best Picture and Best Director, however it lost to The Hurt Locker, the First runner-up was Bruce Beresfords Maos Last Dancer and the second runner-up was Jean-Pierre Jeunets Micmacs. The City of Toronto and Astral Medias The Movie Network Award for Best Canadian Feature Film went to Cairo Time directed by Ruba Nadda, sponsored by Astral Medias the Movie Network and the City of Toronto, this award came with a cash prize of $30,000. Future endeavors by the TIFF will be aided by the construction of TIFF Bell Lightbox. Complete with 5 cinemas, learning studios, galleries and a rooftop lounge, the protest leaders emphasized that it is not a call for a boycott. We protest that TIFF, whether intentionally or not, has become complicit in the Israeli propaganda machine, jacobovici asked Why does want to align himself with Holocaust deniers. Others accused those who signed the protest letter as engaging in a boycott of Israel films, rabbi Marvin Hier, the founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, has stated that it is clear that the script are reading from might as well have been written by Hamas. History long ago proved him right, the same openness should apply to a film festival. In response to the protest, a number of Hollywood stars circulated a counter-protest letter on September 15,2009, blacklisting them only stifles the exchange of cultural knowledge that artists should be the first to defend and protect
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
–
Festival poster
23.
Holiday in the Sun (film)
–
Madison and Alex Stewart are twin sisters from Illinois who are whisked away to Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas by their parents for winter break. Alex falls for hottie Jordan, a worker at the resort, shes not the only one with her eye on Jordan – the spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace is also after him, and plays dirty to get her way. The sisters holiday of fun in the sun is interrupted when they cross paths with a man smuggling stolen artifacts. Though their parents are keeping an eye on them, the sisters. But only together, they overcome everything and understand the meaning of sisterhood. Holiday In The Sun Holiday in the Sun at the Internet Movie Database Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen - Holiday in the Sun at Rotten Tomatoes
Holiday in the Sun (film)
–
DVD cover
24.
Ashley Olsen
–
Ashley Fuller Olsen is an American actress, fashion designer, producer, author, and businesswoman. She co-founded luxury fashion brands The Row, Elizabeth and James, and she is the older sister of actress Elizabeth Olsen. Ashley was born in Sherman Oaks, California, the daughter of Jarnette, a manager, and David Olsen. The twins and their siblings have Norwegian ancestry while their mother is of French, Olsen began her career at the age of nine months old when she and Mary-Kate were hired to share the role of Michelle Tanner on the popular television series Full House in 1987. Later on in the series, they were seen together revealing that they were in fact twins. Following the end of Full House, Olsen released a string of successful movies and became a popular figure in the preteen market during the late 1990s. She became a name, with her likeness seen in clothes, books, fragrances, magazines, movies. There were fashion dolls of her made by Mattel from 2000 to 2005 and she starred in the video series The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley, the ABC show Two of a Kind, and ABC Familys So Little Time. She and her sister were jointly ranked number three on the VH1 program 100 Greatest Child Stars, in 2004, the twins appeared in the theatrical light-hearted romantic comedy, New York Minute. In 2007, when Mary-Kate and Ashley were 21, they said if they got involved in movies together again it would be as producers. When asked about acting again in 2009 Ashley said, Never say never, in 2009, Olsen contemplated returning to acting. She changed her mind, and in 2012, the decided to quit acting permanently. In October 2013, Olsen appeared in the video for City of Angels by Thirty Seconds to Mars. Nickelodeon acquired the rights to Mary-Kate and Ashleys video library in 2015, in 2015, it was announced that John Stamos had signed on with Netflix to produce and co-star in Fuller House, a spin-off Full House that would reunite the original cast members. In 2004, both Ashley and Mary-Kate Olsen became co-presidents of their company Dualstar, the brand currently selling in over 3,000 stores in America and 5,300 stores worldwide and their success has been marked on Forbes The Celebrity 100 list since 2002. In 2007, Forbes ranked the twins as the eleventh-richest women in entertainment, following a high volume of public interest in their fashion choices, both worked in collaboration on a string of fashion lines available to the public. They started a line in Wal-Mart stores across America for girls ages 4 to 14 as well as a beauty line called Mary-Kate and Ashley. In 2004, they made news by signing a pledge to all the workers that sew their line of clothing in Bangladesh full maternity leave
Ashley Olsen
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Olsen attending the premiere of The Union at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2011
Ashley Olsen
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Olsen at Luna Park, Sydney, Australia in 2006
25.
What I Like About You (TV series)
–
What I Like About You is an American television sitcom set mainly in New York City, following the lives of two sisters, older sister Valerie Tyler and teenaged sister Holly. The series ran on The WB from September 20,2002, to March 24,2006, with the exception of a brief period early in the second season, What I Like About You was a headline on The WBs Friday Night Comedy Lineup. Throughout their time on the series, two main characters - Vince and Lauren - were never given last names, Jeff was also never given a last name, although in the artwork for the season 1 DVDs, he is listed as Jeff Campbell. A cover version of the song, performed by the Canadian all-female rock group Lillix, was used as the song for the show. Lillixs cover version was heard on the soundtrack of the 2003 remake of Freaky Friday. The theme was remixed into a techno/dance style theme for the season by Philip Steir. The pilot episode had an opening sequence and the cast members names were only shown over the cold open. This same animation was carried over to the season one opening titles, after every two to five such rectangles, the headshot of each cast member would appear with its name. Newer footage excerpts were inserted in the sequence for the episode Valentines Day and again for the episode The Fix-Up, the opening title sequence used for the rest of the series featured the shows cast in front of digitally inserted scenes of New York at night. From February to September 2006, the series aired as reruns in a new weekday afternoon block called Daytime WB on its home network, after the show was ended by The WB in 2006, reruns of the series aired in syndication in most markets until September 2008. In 2008, the program moved over to ABC Family to air in various timeslots during the daytime, Canadian syndicated rights are held by YTV, broadcasting the series for the first time in High Definition when the network introduced an HD channel in 2011. Warner Archive has on March 7,2017 released The Complete 2nd Season on DVD in region 1
What I Like About You (TV series)
–
What I Like About You
26.
Two and a Half Men
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Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that began broadcasting on CBS on September 22,2003, and ended on February 19,2015 after 12 seasons. Originally starring Charlie Sheen, Jon Cryer, and Angus T. Jones, the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer, Charlie Harper, his uptight brother Alan, after Alan divorces, he moves with his son to share Charlies beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlies freewheeling life. In 2010, CBS and Warner Bros, Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series, renewing it through at least the 2011–12 season. Sheens contract was terminated on March 7, Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season. On April 26,2013, CBS renewed the series for an 11th season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer, Jones, who was attending college, was relegated to recurring status for season 11, but never made an appearance until the series finale. He was replaced by Jenny, Charlies previously unknown daughter, season 11 premiered on September 26,2013. On March 13,2014, CBS renewed the series for a 12th season, the season premiered on October 30,2014 with the episode The Ol Mexican Spinach and concluded on February 19,2015, with the 40-minute finale Of Course Hes Dead. The success of the led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012. The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers Charlie and Alan, Charlie is a bachelor who writes commercial jingles for a living while leading a hedonistic lifestyle. When Alans wife Judith decides to divorce him, he moves into Charlies Malibu beach house, Charlies housekeeper is Berta, a sharp-tongued woman who initially resists the change to the household, but grudgingly accepts it. Charlies one-night stand Rose was first introduced as his stalker in the pilot episode, afterwards, Charlie flies to Paris in the eighth-season finale with his stalker Rose. In the ninth-season premiere, introducing a revamped show, it is revealed that Charlie died when he fell in front of a train in Paris. Suggestions are made that Rose pushed him in the path after learning Charlie had cheated on her. Throughout the series, Alan continues to deal with his son Jakes growing up, and the aftermath of his divorce and his marriage to Kandi at the end of the third season was short-lived. In the fourth season, Alan is back at the house paying alimony to two women out of his meager earnings as a chiropractor. In the seventh season, he begins a relationship with Lyndsey McElroy and their relationship is temporarily suspended when Alan cheats on her and accidentally burns down her house, but the relationship eventually resumes. In the ninth-season premiere, the house is sold to Walden Schmidt. Alan leaves to live with his mother Evelyn when the house is sold and he needs friends and the three form a tightknit surrogate family
Two and a Half Men
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Ashton Kutcher (left) on Two and a Half Men
Two and a Half Men
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Two and a Half Men
27.
Bad Boys II
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Bad Boys II is a 2003 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, and starring Martin Lawrence and Will Smith. A sequel to the 1995 film Bad Boys and the installment in the Bad Boys series. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, the film was a box office success, eight years after the events of the first film, Miami Police Department narcotics division detectives Marcus Burnett and Mike Lowrey are investigating the flow of highly-potent ecstasy into the city. Their surveillance of boats coming in from Cuba leads them to a Ku Klux Klan meeting, the incident leaves Marcus to further question if he still wants to partner with Mike, while Mike fears that Marcus may discover his new relationship with Marcus sister, Syd. During her first assignment in Miami, a violent Haitian gang attempts to hijack the money transport between the Russians and Tapia, putting Syd in danger. Marcus and Mike learn of Syds actual work, which makes Marcus unhappy, Marcus and Mike go to confront the Haitian gang leader, which results in a firefight and the leader revealing that his information about the transport came from his friends camcorder. After viewing the footage, Marcus and Mike find out that a local business, the detectives also recover evidence linking Tapia to one of the boats involved in the Klan raid in the swamps. Mike and Marcus decide to infiltrate Tapias mortuary where they learn that the lord is using dead bodies to smuggle his drugs. After Mike and an intoxicated Marcus obtain a warrant from Capt. Howard. However, the raid is botched when a vengeful Russian gangster, Alexei, violently storms the mansion on his own. Alexei is however unable to get to Tapia as he is shot by the police, while Syd is discovered by Tapia and is kidnapped by him and taken to Cuba. With Syd held prisoner in Tapias compound and guarded by the Cuban military, Mike and Marcus, along with their voluntary S. W. A. T. Team and Syds DEA co-workers, prepare an assault to rescue Syd from Tapias home. During the battle, Mike and Marcus extract Syd and escape Tapias home, after a lengthy pursuit by an infuriated Tapia, they end up in a minefield just outside U. S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, where Tapia holds Mike at gunpoint. Later, at the Burnett house, Mike has bought Marcus a new pool, despite the sentiment, Mikes new pool breaks, washing the two into a river, as they sing the Bad Boys theme song. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 23% approval rating, based on 176 reviews, the sites critical consensus reads, Two and a half hours of explosions and witless banter. Have they so lost touch with nature that they think audiences will like this scene. On an episode of At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, among the more positive reviews was Seattle Post-Intelligencer critic Ellen A. Kim, who wrote that the film was mindlessly fun
Bad Boys II
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Theatrical release poster
28.
Lindsay Lohan
–
Lindsay Dee Lohan is an American actress and singer. Lohan began her career as a fashion model when she was three, and was later featured on the soap opera Another World for a year when she was 10. At age 11, Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disneys commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of The Parent Trap and her next major motion picture, Disneys 2003 remake of Freaky Friday, was also a critical and commercial success. However, Lohans next starring role in the romantic comedy Just My Luck, following Just My Luck, Lohan focused on smaller, more mature roles in independent movies, receiving positive comments on her work, including A Prairie Home Companion, Bobby and Chapter 27. After recording several songs for her movie soundtracks, Lohan signed with Casablanca Records, though the album received mostly lukewarm reviews, it was certified platinum and sold over 4 million copies worldwide. Lohans second album, titled A Little More Personal, was released in December 2005 and that album received mixed reviews, and it was certified gold. In 2007, two driving under the influence led to Lohan being put on probation, and together with three visits to rehabilitation facilities caused the loss of several movie deals. In 2008 and 2009, Lohan worked as a fashion model and she resumed her acting career with TV work in 2008, and starred in the TV film Labor Pains. She appeared in Robert Rodriguezs feature film Machete, between 2010 and 2013, Lohan went into rehabilitation three times, and spent much of her time entangled in legal problems stemming from misdemeanors and probation violations. In 2012 and 2013, she did television work, including starring as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV film Liz & Dick. In 2013, she starred in Paul Schraders independent film The Canyons, in 2014, the docu-series Lindsay aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network, and Lohan made her stage debut in the London West End production of Speed-the-Plow. Lindsay Lohan was born on July 2,1986, in The Bronx, New York City and she is the eldest child of Dina and Michael Lohan. Her father, a former Wall Street trader, has been in trouble with the law on several occasions, while her mother is a former singer and dancer. Lohan has three siblings, all of whom have been models or actors, Michael, Jr. who appeared with Lohan in The Parent Trap, Aliana, known as Ali. Lohan is of Irish and Italian heritage, and she was reared as a Catholic and her maternal antecedents were well known Irish Catholic stalwarts and her great-grandfather, John L. Sullivan, was a co-founder of the Pro-life Party in Long Island. Lohan attended Cold Spring Harbor High School and Sanford H. Calhoun High School, where she did well in science and mathematics, until grade 11, Lohan is a natural red head. Lohans parents have a turbulent history and they married in 1985, separated when she was three, and later reunited. They separated again in 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007, Lohan began her career as a child model with Ford Models at the age of three
Lindsay Lohan
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Lindsay Lohan at
General Motors Annual Ten event on February 28, 2006
Lindsay Lohan
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Lohan in 2002
Lindsay Lohan
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Lohan at the
New York premiere of
Georgia Rule in May 2007
Lindsay Lohan
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Lohan at the Cynthia Rowley fashion show in 2011
29.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
American Broadcasting Company
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ABC's corporate headquarters are located at 77 West 66th Street, on the
Upper West Side of
Manhattan in
New York City.
American Broadcasting Company
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American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company
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Edward Noble, founder of ABC
American Broadcasting Company
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In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host
Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.
30.
MTV Movie Award
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The MTV Movie & TV Awards is a film and television awards show presented annually on MTV. The nominees are decided by producers and executives at MTV, winners are decided online by the general public. Presently voting is done through MTVs official website through a special Movie Awards link at movieawards. mtv. com, the most recent award show took place on April 9,2016. Winners are presented with the golden statue, made by New York firm. Unlike its sister event MTV Video Music Awards, the MTV Movie Awards were taped, the entire production was taped in a completely different order than what the MTV viewing audience saw. For example, the shows host would tape all his/her monologues and introductions at one time, celebrities would often only appear at the live taping for the announcement of their award category, and members of the general audience fill their vacant seats during the other times. Through editing, MTV was able to present to its audience a awards show which appears to be taped in live sequence. This method of production allowed profanity to be edited from the show, the actual live taping aired same-day on pay-per-view channels in most metropolitan cities around the world. Some awards telecasts had also shown in television syndication. However, in 2007, this changed, as MTV and Survivor producer Mark Burnett announced that the 2007 edition would be broadcast live on MTV for the first time on June 3,2007 in Los Angeles. The 2016 broadcast was the first show since 2006 not to air live as the event was taped on April 9,2016 before airing on Viacoms MTV networks the following day on April 10. Since 2007, polls for several awards were voted by users on MTVs official website. The Lifetime Achievement Award was an award for movie personalities who made an impact on popular culture. Prior to announcing the winner MTV would air testimonials from major Hollywood celebrities praising the winners greatness while only offering a slight tease as to who the winner was, following Clint Howards win and emotional reaction the award was discontinued. The MTV Generation Award is the successor to the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award, the recipient of the award is celebrated for great achievement in movies. The distinction is given to an artist who has shown us a variety of roles, a personal and professional flair and of course. 2016, Will Smith The Silver Bucket of Excellence is an award that was given to a film that has made lasting impact on moviegoers and it was further defined in 2006 as honoring a film of the past that resonates with even more meaning today. The award is given to an actor of young age that managed to inspire others with a portfolio of work
MTV Movie Award
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This is a picture of the "golden popcorn" awarded at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.
31.
Michael Bay
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The films he has produced and directed, which include Armageddon, Pearl Harbor and the Transformers film series, have grossed over US$7.8 billion worldwide. He is co-founder of commercial production house The Institute, a. k. a, the Institute for the Development of Enhanced Perceptual Awareness. He co-owns Platinum Dunes, a house which has remade horror movies including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Amityville Horror, The Hitcher, Friday the 13th. Despite his considerable success at the box office, Bays work is generally held in low esteem by film critics. While The Rock and Transformers received moderately positive reviews, his other films, Michael Bay was born in Los Angeles. He was raised by his adoptive parents Harriet, a bookstore owner/child psychiatrist, and Jim and his cousin, Susan Bay, is the widow of Star Trek actor Leonard Nimoy. He attended the exclusive Crossroads School, in Santa Monica, California, Bay often traces his interest in action films back to an incident during his childhood. As a boy, he attached some firecrackers to a toy train, the fire department was called and he was grounded. Bay got his start in the film industry interning with George Lucas when he was fifteen, filing the storyboards for Raiders of the Lost Ark, which he thought was going to be terrible. His opinion changed after seeing it in the theater and he was so impressed by the experience that he decided to become a film director and he graduated from Wesleyan University in 1986, majoring in both English and Film. He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity and a student of film historian Jeanine Basinger. For his graduate work, he attended Art Center College of Design in Pasadena where he studied film. Michael Bay began working at Propaganda Films, directing commercials and music videos and his 90-second World War II-inspired Coca-Cola advertisement was picked up by Capitol Records. His first national commercial for the Red Cross, which won a Clio Award in 1992 and he directed Goodby, Silverstein & Partners Got Milk. Advertisement campaign for the California Milk Processors Board in 1993, Bays success in music videos gained the attention of producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson, who selected him to direct his first feature-length film, Bad Boys. The film was shot in Miami in 1994 and starred Will Smith, the action film proved to be a break-out role for Smith, who was segueing from television to films at that time. Shooting in Miami was an experience for Bay who would later own a home in the city. The film was completed for $19 million and grossed a remarkable $141 million at the box office in the summer of 1995, Bays success led to a strong partnership and friendship with Jerry Bruckheimer
Michael Bay
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Michael Bay, February 7, 2008
Michael Bay
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Michael Bay on the set of Transformers
Michael Bay
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Bay filming
Transformers: Age of Extinction; actresses Abigail Klein, Melanie Specht and Victoria Summer are walking in a corridor.
32.
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
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Transformers, Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the Transformers toy line. First released on June 23,2011, it is the installment of the live-action Transformers film series. The film stars Shia LaBeouf, Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, Tyrese Gibson, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Patrick Dempsey, Kevin Dunn, Julie White, John Malkovich, the script was written by Ehren Kruger, who also collaborated on the narrative of Revenge of the Fallen. Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras, with filming locations in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Milwaukee, Moscow, the film was rendered specifically for 3-D, and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render. In May 2011, it was announced that Paramount would move Transformers, exclusive early premieres in select 3-D and IMAX theaters took place June 28,2011, one night before worldwide release in 2-D and 3-D formats—each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound. But despite the reviews, Dark of the Moon grossed US$1, like the 2007 film, it was nominated for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards. A sequel, Transformers, Age of Extinction was released on June 27,2014, a fifth film Transformers, The Last Knight is set to be released in 2017. A sixth film serving as a Bumblebee spin-off is scheduled for a 2018 release, a seventh film, serving as the sixth main entry Transformers 6 is scheduled for a 2019 release. The crash is detected on Earth by NASA, and President John F. Kennedy authorizes a mission to put a man on the Moon as a cover for investigating the spacecraft, in 1969, the crew of Apollo 11 lands on the Moon. In the present, the Autobots assist the United States military in preventing major conflicts around the globe, during a mission to Chernobyl to investigate suspected alien technology, Optimus Prime finds a fuel cell from the Ark, discovering that it had survived its journey from Cybertron. The Autobots are then attacked by Shockwave, who manages to escape, after learning of the top-secret mission to the Moon, the Autobots travel there to explore the Ark. They discover a comatose Sentinel Prime – Optimus predecessor as leader of the Autobots –, after returning to Earth, Optimus uses the energy of his Matrix of Leadership to revive Sentinel Prime. Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky is frustrated that he is unable to work with the Autobots or find a job and he also becomes envious of the close relationship between his new girlfriend, Carly Spencer, and her boss Dylan Gould. After finding work, Sam is provided information by his eccentric co-worker Jerry Wang about the Ark and they locate two surviving Russian cosmonauts, who reveal satellite photos of hundreds of Pillars being stockpiled on the Moon. Sentinel uses the Pillars to transport hundreds of concealed Decepticons from the Moon to Earth, Carly is later captured by Gould, who is revealed to be in service of the Decepticons. The Decepticons, led by Megatron and Sentinel, seize Chicago as their agents place Pillars around the world, Gould reveals to Carly that the Decepticons plan to transport their homeworld of Cybertron to the Solar System, then to enslave humanity and use Earths resources to rebuild their world. Sam confronts Gould as he reactivates the Control Pillar, and knocks Gould into the Pillar, Bumblebee and Ratchet arrive and destroy the Control Pillar, permanently disabling the Bridge and causing the partially transported Cybertron to implode. Optimus and Sentinel fight while Carly convinces Megatron that he will be replaced by Sentinel as leader of the Decepticons, Sentinel severs Optimus right arm, and is about to execute him when Megatron intervenes, incapacitating Sentinel
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
–
Theatrical release poster
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
–
A
Peterbilt 379 is used for the alternate mode for the Autobot Optimus Prime.
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
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Vehicles used on the set of Transformers: Dark of the Moon
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
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Actors on a Transformers: Dark of the Moon set in July 2010
33.
Adolf Hitler
–
Adolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust, Hitler was born in Austria, then part of Austria-Hungary, and raised near Linz. He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I and he joined the German Workers Party, the precursor of the NSDAP, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power, the failed coup resulted in Hitlers imprisonment, during which he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf. Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy, by 1933, the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, which led to Hitlers appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain, Hitler sought Lebensraum for the German people in Eastern Europe. His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland, resulting in British, in June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe, failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats. In the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitler married his long-time lover, on 30 April 1945, less than two days later, the two killed themselves to avoid capture by the Red Army, and their corpses were burned. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians, in addition,29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II. The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare, Hitlers father Alois Hitler Sr. was the illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. The baptismal register did not show the name of his father, in 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler married Aloiss mother Maria Anna. Alois was brought up in the family of Hiedlers brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, in 1876, Alois was legitimated and the baptismal register changed by a priest to register Johann Georg Hiedler as Aloiss father. Alois then assumed the surname Hitler, also spelled Hiedler, Hüttler, the Hitler surname is probably based on one who lives in a hut. Nazi official Hans Frank suggested that Aloiss mother had been employed as a housekeeper by a Jewish family in Graz, and that the familys 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger had fathered Alois. No Frankenberger was registered in Graz during that period, and no record has been produced of Leopold Frankenbergers existence, Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary, close to the border with the German Empire. He was one of six born to Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl
Adolf Hitler
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Hitler in 1938
Adolf Hitler
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Adolf Hitler as an infant (c. 1889–90).
Adolf Hitler
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Hitler's mother,
Klara
Adolf Hitler
–
Hitler's father,
Alois
34.
Steven Spielberg
–
Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
Steven Spielberg
–
Spielberg at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival
Steven Spielberg
–
Steven Spielberg and
Chandran Rutnam on a location in Sri Lanka during the filming of
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
Steven Spielberg
–
Spielberg in March 1990
Steven Spielberg
–
Spielberg in 2011, at the Paris premiere of
The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn.
35.
Academy Award
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
36.
Diablo Cody
–
Brook Busey-Maurio, better known by the pen name Diablo Cody, is an American screenwriter, producer, author, journalist, memoirist, stripper and exotic dancer. She first became known for her candid chronicling of her year as a stripper in her The Pussy Ranch blog and in her memoir Candy Girl, A Year in the Life of an Unlikely Stripper. She is also known for creating, writing and producing Showtimes television series United States of Tara and for writing and producing the films Jennifers Body, for the latter, she received a second nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay. Her directorial debut, Paradise, was released on October 18,2013, Cody and her older brother Marc were born and raised in Lemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. She is the daughter of Pam and Greg Busey and her mother is of Italian descent and her father is of British ancestry. Cody was raised Catholic and attended Benet Academy, a Roman Catholic school in Lisle and she took the pen name Diablo Cody after repeatedly listening to the song El Diablo by Arcadia while passing through Cody, Wyoming. She graduated from the University of Iowa with a media studies degree, while at the University of Iowa, she worked in the acquisitions department in the main university library. Her first jobs were doing work at a Chicago law firm. Cody began a blog called Red Secretary, detailing the exploits of a secretary living in Belarus. The events were thinly-veiled allegories for events that happened in Codys real life and her first bona fide blog appeared under the nickname Darling Girl after she had moved from Chicago to Minneapolis, Minnesota. On a whim, Cody signed up for amateur night at a Minneapolis strip club called the Skyway Lounge, having enjoyed the experience, she eventually quit her day job to become a full-time feminist stripper. Cody also spent time working peep shows at Sex World, a Minneapolis adult novelty, while still stripping, Cody began writing for City Pages, an alternative Twin Cities weekly newspaper. She left City Pages just before it changed hands, and has since written for the now-defunct Jane magazine. In December 2007, Cody began writing a column for the magazine Entertainment Weekly, at the age of 27, Cody wrote her memoir Candy Girl, A Year in the Life of an Unlikely Stripper. The memoir began after Mason Novick, who would soon become Codys manager, showed interest in her sharp, based on the popularity The Pussy Ranch had received, he was able to secure her a publishing contract with Gotham Books. After completion of her book, Cody was encouraged by Mason Novick to write her first screenplay, within months she wrote Juno, a coming-of-age story about a teenagers unplanned pregnancy. The Jason Reitman-directed comedy stars Ellen Page and Michael Cera, in July 2007, Showtime announced that it would be producing a pilot of Codys DreamWorks television series, United States of Tara. Based on an idea by Steven Spielberg, Tara is a comedy about a mother with dissociative identity disorder, the series began filming in Spring 2008, and premiered on January 18,2009
Diablo Cody
–
Cody at the premiere of
Jennifer's Body (
2009 Toronto International Film Festival)
Diablo Cody
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Cody, January 2008
37.
Jonah Hex (film)
–
Jonah Hex is a 2010 American science fiction Revisionist Western film based on the DC Comics character of the same name. Pictures, the film is directed by Jimmy Hayward and stars Josh Brolin as the character, Jonah Hex, and also stars John Malkovich, Megan Fox. The film was released on June 18,2010, upon its release, Jonah Hex was both a major critical and commercial failure, grossing $10 million against budget of $47 million, and also received mixed reaction from audiences. During the American Civil War, Jonah Hex served as a Confederate cavalryman until his commanding officer, Hex refused, and was forced to kill his best friend, Turnbulls son Jeb. After the war, a vengeful Turnbull and his man, Burke, tie up Hex and force him to watch as his house is burned down with his wife. Turnbull then brands Hexs face with his initials and leaves him to die, days later, American Indians revive Jonah with their mystical powers. As a result of his resurrection, Jonah acquires the ability to resurrect the dead. When Turnbull apparently dies in a fire, Hex satisfies his hunger for vengeance by turning to bounty hunting. He also sears the branded side of his face with a hatchet blade, in 1876, Turnbull, alive and well, hijacks a train carrying components of an experimental superweapon, slaughtering its military guards and civilian passengers alike. When informed of the theft, President Grant surmises that Turnbull is planning a terrorist attack for July 4, Grant instructs Army Lieutenant Grass to find Hex and hire him to stop Turnbull. Jonah spends the night in a brothel with Lilah, a prostitute attracted to the man for more than just professional reasons. As he prepares to leave the morning, Grass men burst in. They show him a thug from the train hijacking who told them Turnbull is headed northwest. Jonah briefly resurrects the man, who knows only that he was recruited by ex-Confederal Colonel Slocum, with the help of a corrupt Washington aristocrat, Adleman Lusk, Turnbull tracks down and steals the remaining components of the weapon, invented by Eli Whitney. When Hex confronts Slocum in South Carolina, Slocum refuses to talk, sarcastically telling Hex to ask Turnbulls dead son, Jeb, Jonah says that is a good idea, then overpowers Slocums men and throws Slocum himself into the ring, to be killed by his own fighters. After setting fire to the ring, he frees a dog being tormented by Slocums handlers, in a cemetery in Gettysburg, Jonah digs up and resurrects Jeb. Jonah apologizes for killing Jeb, and says that his father has to be stopped before he murders more people, Jeb reveals that his father is at Fort Resurrection, and then returns to the afterlife. After entering the fort, Jonah confronts Turnbull, killing several of his men, but Turnbull escapes and Hex receives a near-fatal wounding from Burke and he collapses in a field, hovering near death for several days
Jonah Hex (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Jonah Hex (film)
–
Brolin, Fox, and Fassbender promoting the film at the 2009
San Diego Comic-Con International
38.
Tallulah Black
–
Tallulah Black is a fictional character, a western comic book antihero that appears in comic books published by DC Comics as a supporting character of Jonah Hex. The character was created by writers Jimmy Palmiotti, Justin Gray, Tallulah Black is a tragic figure and bounty hunter whose face and body were horribly scarred with cuts and left eye taken out. Despite her history and background, Tallulah is kind and a decent person who cares for people besides herself. The character was portrayed by Megan Fox in the 2010 film Jonah Hex, Tallulah Black first appeared in Jonah Hex, Vol 2 #16 in April 2007 created by writers Jimmy Palmiotti, Justin Gray and artist Phil Noto. When men from the U. S. government came to her familys house, but Tallulahs family stood their ground and told them that they didnt want to go. Not willing to take no for an answer, the men turned violent and killed the rest of Tallulahs family, raped her and shot her in the left eye, in spite of all that, miraculously she survived her wounds. A year later, while she was working as a prostitute in Little City, surprised that she lived and escaped him the first time, he slashed up much of her body. Tallulah survived again, but her face and body were left heavily scarred, seeking revenge, she goes out to find Jonah Hex knowing of his reputation as a bounty hunter asking for help and telling him her story. After she gets her revenge, she decides to join Hex as a bounty hunter too herself, Tallulah eventually became pregnant by Hex without his knowledge. However the child, a girl, was killed shortly after being born, Hex saved Black but declared their relationship at an end, and tracked down the killer. Tallulah Reappeared in the DC re-launch the New 52, once teaming up with Jonah Hex. In her stories with Jonah Hex, Tallulah displays no supernatural or superhuman powers, however, she does possess some abilities, acquired through natural talent. She can sharp shoot with guns, both short range and long range, ride a horse and take care of herself in a fight, in the 2010 film Jonah Hex with Josh Brolin, Tallulah Black was portrayed by actress Megan Fox. After the final battle with Turnball, Jonah turns down the offer to be sheriff
Tallulah Black
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Jonah Hex from Jonah Hex Vol.2 #1 2005 relaunch Luke Ross, artist
Tallulah Black
–
Hex #1, 1985. Mark Texeira and Klaus Janson, artists.
Tallulah Black
–
Jonah Hex as depicted in
Batman: The Animated Series
Tallulah Black
–
Cover to Jonah Hex: Riders of the Worm and Such #4, featuring the Autumn Brothers Art by
Timothy Truman
39.
Josh Brolin
–
Josh James Brolin is an American actor. His first role was in the 1985 film The Goonies, other roles include Hollow Man, In the Valley of Elah, American Gangster, True Grit, and Sin City, A Dame to Kill For. In 2015, he appeared in Everest and Sicario, Brolin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Jane Cameron, a wildlife activist who was a native of Corpus Christi, Texas, and actor James Brolin. Brolin was raised on a ranch in Templeton, California, with exposure to his fathers acting career. His parents divorced when he was 16 years old, in 1998 his father married his third wife, singer/actress Barbra Streisand. Brolin became interested in acting after taking an acting class in high school. Brolin explained in a 2014 interview that during his teenage years, in his description of the group, he stated, It was Santa Barbara. You either had the children of rich, neglectful parents or children of poor, neglectful parents, but we basically grew up the same way. Ive never seen a group like that before or since. He admitted to stealing cars to pay for his use, which included heroin, a drug that he explained he did not like, I mean, I never got into it and I never died from it. The majority of the friends whom he grew up with died, Brolin started his career in TV films and guest spots on TV shows before getting a more notable role as Brand Walsh in the Richard Donner-directed film The Goonies. He was considered for the role of Tom Hanson in the series 21 Jump Street, he and Johnny Depp were the finalists for the role, the role was ultimately awarded to Depp. Brolin guest-starred in an episode of the show in its first season, Brolin implied that he turned away from film acting for years after the premiere of his second film, Thrashin, where he witnessed what he called horrendous acting on his part. For several years, he appeared in roles in Rochester, New York, often alongside mentor. One of Brolins more prominent roles early in his career was that of Wild Bill Hickok in the ABC western TV series The Young Riders, which lasted three seasons. Two other TV series he was involved in include the Aaron Spelling production Winnetka Road and Mister Sterling and he also played the lead role in the Coen brothers Academy Award-winning film No Country for Old Men. Brolin also starred in another Oliver Stone film in 2008 called W. a biopic about key events in the life of President George W. Bush, Stone pursued an initially hesitant Brolin for the role. He made news by wearing a White Knot to the Academy Awards ceremony to demonstrate solidarity with the equality movement
Josh Brolin
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Brolin at the 2014
San Diego Comic-Con International
Josh Brolin
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Brolin at the 2011 Berlin Film Festival.
Josh Brolin
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Brolin at the
2010 Toronto International Film Festival
Josh Brolin
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Brolin with then-wife
Diane Lane in December 2009
40.
Cameo appearance
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A cameo role or cameo appearance is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves. Short appearances by celebrities, film directors, politicians, athletes or musicians are common, a crew member of the show or movie playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well, such as Alfred Hitchcocks frequently performed cameos. Originally cameo role meant a character part that stands out from the other minor parts. The Oxford English Dictionary connects this with the meaning a short literary sketch or portrait, which is based on the meaning of cameo. More recently, cameo has come to refer to any short appearances, whether as a character or as oneself, such as the examples below. Cameos are generally not credited because of their brevity, or a mismatch between the celebritys stature and the film or TV show in which he or she is appearing. Others are acknowledgments of a contribution to an earlier work, as in the case of many film adaptations of TV series. Others honour artists or celebrities known for work in a particular field, possibly the best-known series of cameos was by the director Alfred Hitchcock, who made very brief appearances in most of his films. Cameos also occur in novels and other literary works, “Literary cameos” usually involve an established character from another work who makes a brief appearance to establish a shared universe setting, to make a point, or to offer homage. Balzac often employed this practice, as in his Comédie humaine, a cameo appearance can be made by the author of a work to put a sort of personal signature on a story. Vladimir Nabokov often put himself in his novels, for instance, quentin Tarantino provides cameos or small roles in at least 10 of his movies. Likewise, Peter Jackson has made cameos in all of his movies, except for his first feature-length movie Bad Taste in which he plays a main character. For example, he plays a peasant eating a carrot in The Fellowship of the Ring and The Desolation of Smaug, a Rohan warrior in The Two Towers, director Martin Scorsese appears in the background of his films as a bystander or an unseen character. In Whos That Knocking at My Door, he appears as one of the gangsters, he is a crew man in After Hours. He opens up his 1986 film The Color of Money with a monologue on the art of playing pool. In addition, he appears with his wife and daughter as wealthy New Yorkers in Gangs of New York, in a same way, Roman Polanski appears as a hired hoodlum in his film Chinatown, slitting Jack Nicholsons nose with the blade of his clasp knife. Directors sometimes cast well-known lead actors with whom they have worked in the past in other films, mike Todds film Around the World in 80 Days was filled with cameo roles, and others. The stars in cameo roles were pictured in oval insets in posters for the film, among the many cameos featured in the film Maverick, actor Danny Glover appears as the lead bank robber
Cameo appearance
–
Alfred Hitchcock (left) in
Notorious
41.
Friends with Kids
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Friends with Kids is a 2011 American romantic comedy film written, produced, and directed by Jennifer Westfeldt, who also stars in the film. Kristen Wiig, Adam Scott, Maya Rudolph, Chris ODowd, Edward Burns, Megan Fox, Jason and Julie, longtime best friends now in their mid-30s live in the same building in Manhattan. Not romantically involved, they are friends with two childless married couples, the placid Alex and Leslie and the sex-obsessed Ben and Missy. During the next four years, after both couples have children, their marriages suffer, after more discussion, they decide to have a child together, despite never having had romantic feelings for each other, and then to continue to date other people, to find their one. Although their friends predict disaster, Jason and Julie adjust to their new relationship with baby Joe far better than their friends had imagined, Jason and Julie begin dating again and enter into budding relationships with young actress Mary Jane and divorced father Kurt, respectively. During a couples winter getaway in Vermont, Ben calls Jason and Julies thought process, in the ensuing argument, Ben decries their arrangement as untenable in the long term and humiliates Missy. Jason defends his decision to have a child with Julie, saying that he loves her deeply, after returning from Vermont, Ben and Missy separate and later divorce. Shortly thereafter, at Julies birthday dinner out, Jason is surprised to find that she invited only him, a stunned Jason tells Julie that his love for her has never been romantic and has asked Mary Jane to move in with him. Heartbroken, Julie leaves the restaurant, and soon out of her Manhattan apartment to Brooklyn. A few months thereafter, Jason and Mary Jane break up over their feelings about children. Several months later, at a bar with Ben, Jason confides that he does have feelings for Julie, Ben disagrees, noting the differences between his and Missys sex-based relationship and Jason and Julies long-lasting friendship. They reminisce over several of the photos and then put Joe to bed, jasons emotional shift and words make Julie emotional and uncomfortable, so she sends Jason home. He leaves, but quickly returns, and tells her what he said to her a year ago was all wrong and he finally realized it—she is the love of his life, she is his person, and thats just the way it is. She tells him she cant be with someone who isnt into her and she accepts his offer, passionately kisses him back, and they tumble onto her bed. Her then-partner, actor Jon Hamm, also agreed to play a supporting part, the idea for Friends With Kids had been floating around after Westfeldt and Hamm noticed that friends were starting to have families and all but disappearing from their lives. She was encouraged to move forward with her idea after a reading of the screenplay took place at her. It was always planned that Hamm would star in the movie, however, this left only a few months open between when Hamm finished doing the fourth season of Mad Men and would resume for a fifth to get Friends with Kids off the ground and ready to shoot. According to one of the producers, resources for the production were easy to find, the impossible algorithm is to line up the cast, the calendar and the cash in such a way that you get to make the movie, said co-producer Joshua Astrachan
Friends with Kids
–
Theatrical release poster
42.
Jennifer Westfeldt
–
Westfeldt was born in Guilford, Connecticut, the daughter of Constance Connie, a therapist, and Patrick McLoskey Westfeldt, Jr. an electrical engineer. She graduated from Guilford High School and attended Yale University, where she sang with the a cappella group Redhot & Blue, Westfeldt started her career as a New York-based theater actor, and has starred in over 25 Off-Broadway and regional productions. She first came to Hollywood in 1997 and that year, she co-wrote and starred in an Off-Broadway play with Heather Juergensen called Lipschtick, The Story of Two Women Seeking The Perfect Shade that caught the attention of Hollywood studios. It was optioned by Radar Pictures and made into Kissing Jessica Stein, in which Westfeldt, in 2002, Westfeldt starred as Jessica in Kissing Jessica Stein. The film was a version of one of the sketches Westfeldt. In 2004, Westfeldt starred opposite Paul Schneider in the film How to Lose Your Lover. Westfeldt wrote, produced, and starred alongside Chris Messina in Ira & Abby, which premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival in June 2006, in 2011, she wrote, produced, starred and made her directorial debut in Friends with Kids. The cast included Westfeldts boyfriend, Jon Hamm, the film was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2011, and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions in March 2012. Westfeldt was cast in a regular role for Two Guys, a Girl. In 2001 she was featured in three episodes of Judging Amy, in 2007, she was cast as the lead of ABCs Notes from the Underbelly, directed and executive produced by Barry Sonnenfeld. Notes ran for two seasons on ABC and her recent television credits include memorable arcs on ABCs hit Greys Anatomy, as well as starring in the TV movie Before You Say I Do opposite David Sutcliffe. Additional television credits include appearances in The Gene Pool, Dante, Hack, Snoops, in 2010, she was a guest star on Numb3rs and the show 24. She first appeared in the first four episodes of season eight and she provided the voice of Kit Luntayne in the Martha Speaks episodes Cora. Westfeldt has starred in over 25 Off-Broadway and regional productions and she made her 2004 Broadway debut in a revival of Wonderful Town. Her performance won her a Theatre World Award, a Drama League Award for Outstanding Broadway Debut, in 1997, Westfeldt began a relationship with actor Jon Hamm. They owned homes in Los Angeles and the Upper West Side in New York, what we have is much deeper and we both know that. To me, people get married when theyre ready to have kids, in April 2009, Hamm and Westfeldt formed their own production company, Points West Pictures. Hamm and Westfeldt are advocates of animal rescue and have adopted a mixed breed dog named Cora from the Much Love Animal Shelter in California, in September 2015, Hamm and Westfeldt announced they were ending their relationship
Jennifer Westfeldt
–
Jennifer Westfeldt and Jon Hamm (2008)
43.
Adam Scott (actor)
–
Adam Paul Scott is an American actor, comedian, director, screenwriter, producer, and podcaster. He is best known for his role as Ben Wyatt in the NBC sitcom Parks and he has also appeared as Derek in the film Step Brothers, and Henry Pollard in the Starz sitcom Party Down. Scott was born in Santa Cruz, California, the son of Anne and he is of Sicilian descent on his mother’s side. He has two siblings, Shannon and David. Scott has said that David looks like me but is far more cerebral and inherited the intellect of our parents and he graduated from Harbor High School and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Pasadena, California. Scotts name appears next to Jon Hamms name in the film Anchorman in one of the broadcasts credits and he played Ted Hendricks, Walter Mittys detestable corporate boss, in the 2013 remake of The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. Scott appeared in the films Our Idiot Brother as Jeremy and Bachelorette and he also starred as Jason Fryman in Friends with Kids. The film itself received positive reviews, and he won two awards at two separate film festivals. He starred in the film Passenger Side, released on DVD on October 26,2010, premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. In 2015, he worked as producer on, and portrayed Alex in, the comedy film The Overnight. On television, he appeared as Griff Hawkins in the series Boy Meets World and Josh on Party of Five, as well as Davids love interest, Ben Cooper and he played Palek on the HBO drama Tell Me You Love Me. Scott played a cocaine-addicted, delirious baseball front office representative in the first, from 2009 to 2010 he appeared on the Starz network show Party Down. His role in Party Down earned him an Entertainment Weekly Ewwy nomination for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2009 and he appeared as a guest star along with Rob Lowe in the second season before becoming a main character for the remainder of the series. The shows seventh and final season concluded in February 2015, Scott has appeared in the Adult Swim comedy Childrens Hospital. Scott has also appeared in the Comedy Central television show Nick Swardsons Pretend Time and he has appeared in a series of commercials for ESPNs Sunday Night Baseball. In 2017, Scott appeared in HBOs Big Little Lies, Scott is the co-host and co-creator of the Earwolf podcast U Talkin U2 To Me. with Scott Aukerman. Scott has also been a guest on podcasts, including Comedy Bang. How Did This Get Made. and Kevin Pollaks Chat Show, Adam Scott married Naomi Sablan, now Naomi Scott, in 2005
Adam Scott (actor)
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Scott at the
2011 Toronto International Film Festival
44.
Jon Hamm
–
Jonathan Daniel Jon Hamm is an American actor, director, and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series, Mad Men. For much of the mid-1990s, he lived in Los Angeles, making appearances in television series Providence, The Division, What About Brian, during 2000, he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys. The next year, he had a role in the independent comedy. He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 and he directed two episodes of the show. During 2008, Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still and his first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen. He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town, Sucker Punch, Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men,30 Rock, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctors Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer, First Day of Camp. He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010, Hamm was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Deborah and Daniel Hamm. His father managed a family trucking company, and his mother was a secretary and he is of German, English, and Irish descent, his surname originates with German immigrants. Hamms parents divorced when he was two old, and he lived in Missouri in Creve Coeur with his mother until her death from colon cancer. Hamm then lived with his father and his first acting role was as Winnie the Pooh for first grade. At 16, he was cast as Judas for the play Godspell and he attended John Burroughs School, a private school in Ladue, where he was a member of the football, baseball, and swim teams. During this time, he dated future actress Sarah Clarke and his father died when Jon was 20. After graduation during 1989, Hamm enrolled at the University of Texas, there, Hamm was arrested for participating with a violent hazing incident that occurred during November 1990, involving another student, Mark Sanders. Sanders was beaten with a paddle and a broom, while Hamm was leading him around the fraternity house, the incident resulted in the fraternity being ended on campus. Hamm completed the terms of a deferred adjudication, and the charges were dismissed during August 1995, Hamm then enrolled at the University of Missouri. At Missouri he answered an advertisement from a company seeking players for a production of A Midsummer Nights Dream, auditioned. Other roles followed, such as Leon Czolgosz in Assassins, after graduating during 1993 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Hamm returned to his high school to teach eighth-grade acting
Jon Hamm
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At Paley Center in 2014
Jon Hamm
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Hamm in November 2008
Jon Hamm
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Hamm with former partner
Jennifer Westfeldt at the
60th Primetime Emmy Awards, 2008
Jon Hamm
–
Hamm on the set of
The Town in September 2009.
45.
Toronto International Film Festival
–
The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
Toronto International Film Festival
–
The festival is headquartered at TIFF Bell Lightbox, which opened in 2010.
Toronto International Film Festival
–
Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF box office at the
Manulife Centre in 2006
Toronto International Film Festival
–
TIFF Bell Lightbox
46.
Mickey Rourke
–
Philip Andre Rourke Jr. known professionally as Mickey Rourke, is an American actor, screenwriter, and retired boxer, who has appeared primarily as a leading man in drama, action, and thriller films. In 1991 Rourke, who had trained as a boxer in his years, left acting. In the 2008 film The Wrestler, Rourke portrayed a past-his-prime wrestler, and received a 2009 Golden Globe award, a BAFTA award, and a nomination for an Academy Award. Since then, Rourke has appeared in commercially successful films including the 2010 films Iron Man 2 and The Expendables. Philip Andre Rourke, Jr. was born in Schenectady, New York and his father was of Irish and German descent, and his mother had Scottish, French, English, and German ancestry. He was raised Roman Catholic and still practices his faith and his father, an amateur body builder, left the family when Mickey was six years old. After his parents divorced, his mother married Eugene Addis, a Miami Beach police officer with five sons, and moved Rourke, his younger brother, there, he graduated from Miami Beach Senior High School in 1971. He was supposed to graduate in 1970, but he had held back at 1st grade because he wasnt ready to move on at the time. During his teenage years, Rourke focused his attention mainly on sports and he took up self-defense training at the Boys Club of Miami. It was there that he learned boxing skills and decided on an amateur career, at age 12, Rourke won his first boxing match as a 112-pound flyweight, fighting some of his early matches under the name Phil Rourke. He continued his training at the famed 5th Street Gym, in Miami Beach. In 1969 Rourke, then weighing 140 pounds, sparred with former World Welterweight Champion Luis Rodríguez, Rodriguez was the number one–rated middleweight boxer in the world and was training for his match with world champion Nino Benvenuti. Rourke claims to have received a concussion from his match with Rodriguez. At the 1971 Florida Golden Gloves, Rourke suffered another concussion in a boxing match, after being told by doctors to take a year off and rest, Rourke temporarily retired from the ring. Rourkes amateur boxing record was 27 wins and 3 losses, in 1971, as a senior at Miami Beach Senior High School, Rourke had a small acting role in the Jay W. Jensen–directed school play The Serpent. However, Rourkes interests were geared to boxing, and he never appeared in any other school productions. Soon after he gave up boxing, a friend at the University of Miami told Rourke about a play he was directing, Deathwatch. Rourke got the part and immediately became enamored with acting, borrowing $400 from his sister, he went to New York and took private lessons with Actors Studio teacher Sandra Seacat
Mickey Rourke
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Rourke at the 2009 premiere of
City Island
Mickey Rourke
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Rourke at the
2008 Toronto International Film Festival.
Mickey Rourke
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Rourke with
Ric Flair at
WrestleMania XXV.
Mickey Rourke
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Andy García and Rourke at the 2009
Tribeca Film Festival.
47.
Passion Play (film)
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Passion Play is a 2010 American drama film written and directed by Mitch Glazer, executive produced by Rebecca Wang and starring Mickey Rourke, Megan Fox, Rhys Ifans and Bill Murray. Filming for the production began in December 2009 and is presented by Rebecca Wang Entertainment and it premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival. Nate, a jazz musician and recovering heroin addict, is clearly a hard-luck case. After a performance one night, he is mugged and bound and he awakens to find himself in a vehicle and being driven out into the desert, but he is helpless to do anything about it. His assailant then walks Nate away from the car and is about to him, but instead the assailant is shot dead by a band of Native Americans. Nate wanders around in the desert and climbs a mountain, where he looks down upon a carnival and he walks through the carnival, and asks the owner to use a telephone, and he wanders among the fire eaters, sword swallowers, and other performers. Nate finds himself drawn to the beauty of Lily, a freak performer who has wings on her back. Lily is cold and dismissive, but it dawns on her that this gentle giant may well be her ticket to a better life, the sideshow owner attempts to kill Nate, but Lily rescues him by stealing a truck, and together they flee to the city. Nate and Lily begin to form a relationship, Nate, fearing another assassination attempt, seeks out Happy Shannon, a gangster with deep pockets who had ordered Nate killed after Nate had slept with his wife, whom Happy also had murdered. Nate plans to put Lily on display for paying customers, Happy dismisses the proposal and does not believe Lily has wings, but he later sees for himself, when Nate arranges an appearance of Lily for him, but at a safe distance. Nate and Lily go to a motel, talk, and then have sex, Happy finds them and then abducts Lily, but to keep Lily compliant, he agrees not to harm Nate so long as Lily lives with him. Nate tries to stay away from Lily, but he realizes he is in love with her, when Nate attempts to see Lily and rescue her from Happy, he fails. By now, the owner has also learned that Lily is with Happy. Happy pulls out a pistol and shoots him to death, later, Nate discovers that Happy is showcasing Lily in a theater, and again Nate goes to rescue her. He smashes the glass case in which Lily is being confined, Nate tries to convince Lily to fly away, but Lily lacks confidence in her ability to fly. Nate then jumps off the building, and Lily jumps after him and she catches Nate before he hits the ground, and together they fly off into the desert. He is last seen being carried away by Lily into the sky, on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 3%, based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 3. 2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 22 out of 100, based on 11 critics, an incompletely edited cut of the film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival
Passion Play (film)
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Theatrical release poster
48.
Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin
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The spinner dolphin is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its displays in which it spins along its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a member of the family Delphinidae of toothed whales, the species was described by John Gray in 1828. The four named subspecies are, Eastern spinner dolphin, from the tropical eastern Pacific, central American or Costa Rican spinner dolphin, also found in the tropical eastern Pacific. Grays or Hawaiian spinner dolphin, from the central Pacific Ocean around Hawaii, dwarf spinner dolphin, first found in the Gulf of Thailand. The species, though, displays greater variety than these subspecies might indicate, a hybrid form characterized by its white belly inhabits the eastern Pacific. Other less distinct groupings inhabit other oceans, the species name comes from the Latin term for long-beaked. Spinner dolphins are small cetaceans with a slim build, adults are typically 129–235 cm long and reach a body mass of 23–79 kg. This species has a rostrum and a triangular or subtriangular dorsal fin. Spinner dolphins generally have tripartite color patterns, the dorsal area is dark gray, the sides light gray, and the underside pale gray or white. Also, a dark band runs from the eye to the flipper, bordered above by a thin, however, the spinner dolphin has more geographic variation in form and coloration than other cetaceans. In the open waters of eastern Pacific, dolphins have relatively small skulls with short rostra, a dwarf form of spinner dolphin occurs around southeast Asia. In these same subspecies, a dorsal cape dims their tripartite color patterns. Further offshore, subspecies tend to have a paler and less far-reaching cape, in certain subspecies, some males may have upright fins that slant forward. Some populations of spinner dolphin found in the eastern Pacific have bizarre backwards-facing dorsal fins, the spinner dolphin lives in nearly all tropical and subtropical waters between 40°N and 40°S. The species primarily inhabits coastal waters, islands, or banks, however, in the eastern tropical Pacific, dolphins live far from shore. Spinner dolphins may use different habitats depending on the season, the spinner dolphin feeds mainly on small mesopelagic fish, squids, and sergestid shrimps, and will dive 200–300 m to feed on them. Spinner dolphins of Hawaii are nocturnal feeders and forage in deep scattering layers, the dwarf spinner dolphin may feed mostly on benthic fish in reefs and shallow water
Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin
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Spinner dolphin
Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin
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A pod of spinner dolphins in the Red Sea
Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin
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A pod of spinner dolphins in Kauai, Hawaii
Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin
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Spinner dolphin at Lanai Hawaii
49.
3-D film
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A three-dimensional stereoscopic film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension. The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography, 3D films are not limited to theatrical releases, television broadcasts and direct-to-video films have also incorporated similar methods, especially since the advent of 3D television and Blu-ray 3D. 3D films became more and more throughout the 2000s, culminating in the unprecedented success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009. The stereoscopic era of motion pictures began in the late 1890s when British film pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D film process, in his patent, two films were projected side by side on screen. The viewer looked through a stereoscope to converge the two images, because of the obtrusive mechanics behind this method, theatrical use was not practical. Frederic Eugene Ives patented his stereo camera rig in 1900, the camera had two lenses coupled together 1¾ inches apart. On June 10,1915, Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell presented tests to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York City. However, according to Adolph Zukor in his 1953 autobiography The Public Is Never Wrong, My 50 Years in the Motion Picture Industry, nothing was produced in this process after these tests. The earliest confirmed 3D film shown to an audience was The Power of Love. The camera rig was a product of the producer, Harry K. Fairall. Whether Fairall used colored filters on the ports or whether he used tinted prints is unknown. After a preview for exhibitors and press in New York City, the film dropped out of sight, apparently not booked by exhibitors, and is now considered lost. Kelley then struck a deal with Samuel Roxy Rothafel to premiere the first in his series of Plasticon shorts entitled Movies of the Future at the Rivoli Theater in New York City. Also in December 1922, Laurens Hammond premiered his Teleview system, Teleview was the first alternating-frame 3D system seen by the public. Using left-eye and right-eye prints and two interlocked projectors, left and right frames were alternately projected, each pair being shown three times to suppress flicker. Viewing devices attached to the armrests of the seats had rotary shutters that operated synchronously with the projector shutters, producing a clean. The show ran for weeks, apparently doing good business as a novelty. In 1922, Frederic Eugene Ives and Jacob Leventhal began releasing their first stereoscopic shorts made over a three-year period, the first film, entitled Plastigrams, was distributed nationally by Educational Pictures in the red-and-blue anaglyph format
3-D film
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Fairall in 1922
3-D film
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Fairall's 3D camera
3-D film
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Audience wearing special glasses watch a 3D "stereoscopic film" at the Telekinema on the South Bank in London during the
Festival of Britain 1951.
3-D film
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Shooting of the film
Hidden Universe 3D with
IMAX camera.
50.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
Documentary film
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This
16 mm spring-wound
Bolex "H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in
film schools.
Documentary film
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Frame from one of
Marinescu's science films (1899).
Documentary film
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Nanook of the North poster.
Documentary film
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In this shot from
Man with the Movie Camera,
Mikhail Kaufman acts as a cameraman risking his life in search of the best shot
.jpg)
