Membrane potential
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Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
Graph displaying an EPSP, an IPSP, and the summation of an EPSP and an IPSP
Cell signaling
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Cell signaling is the biological process by which a cell interacts with itself, with other cells, and with the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all forms of life. Typically, th
Membrane potential
…in neurons, cardiac myocytes and many other excitable cells like astrocytes. Calcium ion is also the most important second messenger in excitable cell signaling. Activation of synaptic receptors initiates long-lasting changes in neuronal excitability. Thyroid, adrenal and other hormones also regulate cell…
Diagram of G protein-coupled reception
This image displays endocrine signaling, the process by which endocrine glands produce hormones that are released into the bloodstream, allowing them to travel to distant target cells and bind to specific receptors, triggering a cellular response.