Mesaconitine is a highly toxic diterpene, or diester-diterpene alkaloid from plants of the genus Aconitum. It stimulates β-adrenergic receptors, and the consequent activation of intracellular processe
Aconitum carmichaelii, the most common plant containing mesaconitine
(A) The body weight of rats in the NS group and the MA group increased within 6 days. (B) Index of liver in NS group and MA group (compared with NS group: * p < 0.05). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by a LSD (Least Significant Difference) test for multiple comparisons. (C) Serum ALT levels. The data were analyzed using a Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. (D) Serum AST levels. The data were analyzed using a Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. (
Role of β-adrenoceptors on antidepressant effect. All arrows indicate activation arrows. Gs: stimulating adenylate cyclase g protein; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; AC: adenylate cyclase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PKA: protein kinase A; CREB: cAMP-response element-binding protein; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; LTP: long-term potentiation; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor.
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mat
Neurotoxins can be found in a number of organisms, including some strains of cyanobacteria, that can be found in algal blooms or washed up on shore in a green scum.
Astrocytes surrounding capillaries in the brain to form the blood brain barrier
The puffer fish is known for carrying lethal amounts of tetrodotoxin.
Lead pipes and solder are common sources of ingested lead.