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History
Mestizos in Mexico
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In Mexico, the term mestizo is used to refer to an identity of those of mixed European and Indigenous Mexican descent. Some believe it can be defined by criteria ranging from ideological and cultural to self-identification, genetic ancestry, or physical appearance. According to these criteria, estimates of the number of mestizos in Mexico vary from about 40 percent of the population to over 90% who do not belong to the country's culturally indigenous minorities. A survey done by Latinobarometro in 2018 found that around 58% of Mexicans self-identify as mestizos when asked about their race, and another survey by Cohesión Social found that over 70% of Mexicans identified as mixed-race. Some genetic studies have claimed that mestizos make up over 93% of Mexico's present-day population, but this is disputed, with many Mexicans, including those of mixed ancestry, identifying more with static racial labels such as "white" or "indigenous" rather than mestizo, and a large number simply identifying as "Mexican," rejecting racialized labels.
Monument to the Mestizaje in Mexico City, showing Hernan Cortes, La Malinche and their son, Martín Cortes, one of the first mestizos in Mexico.
Monument to the Mestizaje in Mexico City, showing Hernan Cortes, La Malinche and their son, Martín Cortes, one of the first mestizos in Mexico.
An 18th-century casta painting of an indigenous woman with her Spanish husband and their mestizo child
An 18th-century casta painting of an indigenous woman with her Spanish husband and their mestizo child
An 18th century caste painting with all 16 combinations of New Spain with the mestizo in frame # 1.
An 18th century caste painting with all 16 combinations of New Spain with the mestizo in frame # 1.
A Sinaloa band in 1900, a genre of regional Mexican music invented by mestizo mexicans.
A Sinaloa band in 1900, a genre of regional Mexican music invented by mestizo mexicans.
Indigenous peoples of Mexico
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Indigenous peoples of Mexico, Native Mexicans or Mexican Native Americans, are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico before the arrival of Europeans.
Oaxaca Amerindians painting by Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez
Oaxaca Amerindians painting by Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez
1896 photograph of an indigenous Mexican boy.
1896 photograph of an indigenous Mexican boy.
Mural by Diego Rivera in the National Palace of Mexico depicting the burning of Maya literature by the catholic church.
Mural by Diego Rivera in the National Palace of Mexico depicting the burning of Maya literature by the catholic church.
A 16th-century manuscript illustrating La Malinche and the contact between Spaniards and Aztecs.
A 16th-century manuscript illustrating La Malinche and the contact between Spaniards and Aztecs.