A Swiss passport is the passport issued to citizens of Switzerland to facilitate international travel. For travel within Europe, Swiss citizens can use an identity card with few exceptions; the passport or the identity card allows for freedom of movement in any of the states of the European Economic Area. The first Swiss passports were issued on 10 December 1915; the characteristic red Swiss passport was created in 1959. Until 1985 the Swiss passport included only the national languages of the time as well as English. Romansh was added in the Pass 85 after it was declared the fourth Swiss national language following a referendum; the order of the languages was changed to German, Italian and English. Swiss passports contain 40 pages and a data page. 36 pages are provided for official stamps. The first page contains the bearer signature, as well as field 11 "Official observations"; the pages 2–3 contain translations of the field labels of the data page in 13 and 26 languages, respectively. Each page has a unique color pattern, as well as an incomplete Swiss cross which registers with the matching incomplete cross on the reverse side when held to light.

On pages 8–33, the incomplete Swiss cross contains the microprinted name of a canton and the year it joined the Swiss Confederation, with the canton's coat of arms and a famous landmark in the top outer corner. Since 15 February 2010, non-biometric passports are no longer issued. From 1 March 2010 and according to the Schengen Agreement, Swiss passports are all biometric; this is required for visa-free travel to the United States. The Swiss passport includes the following fields on the polycarbonate data page Photo of the passport bearer Type Code Passport number 1 Surname 2 Given name 3 Nationality 4 Date of birth 5 Sex 6 Height 7 Place of origin: 8 Date of issue 9 Authority 10 Date of expiryThe bottom of the data page is the machine-readable zone. Names containing diacritics are spelled with diacritics outside the machine-readable zone, but in the machine-readable zone, German umlauts are transcribed as ae/oe/ue while other letters omit the diacritics according to ICAO conventions; the transcription above is used for airplane tickets etc. but sometimes simple vowels are used.

The three possible spelling variants of the same name on different documents can lead to confusion, the use of two different spellings within the same document may give people who are unfamiliar with the German orthography the impression that the document is a forgery. Page 1, in addition to the signature line, is the designated area for official endorsements; the entire passport is written in the four official languages as well as English, with the exception of page 40, containing use and care instructions only. Page 2 contains translations into 13 languages. In Pass 10, 13 additional languages were added in consideration of the 10 countries added to the EU in 2004 as well as Norwegian and Icelandic to cover the languages of the EFTA states; the Swiss passport has 26 languages, exceeding the EU's own passports with 23 languages. Inside the back cover, the phrase "This passport contains 40 numbered pages" is written in the 26 languages. Available from 1 March 2010, Pass 10 contains biometric data: fingerprints.

Switzerland was required to implement this type of passport in order to participate in the Schengen Agreement. Pages 2–3 contain 26 translations. Pass 10 is the same as Pass 06 except for a chip with biometric data; this passport was accepted in a popular referendum on 17 May 2009. Pass 06 was issued from 2006, it contained biometric data in an RFID chip. This was a prototype of the newest Pass 10 but limited to a 5-year validity. On page 2 contains 13 translations; the older version, Pass 03, was still usable until the date of expiry, but because of the Schengen Agreement, had to be replaced with a biometric passport upon expiry. The temporary passport is called an "emergency passport." Under Swiss law regarding identity documents, it may be issued only when there is no time to apply for a regular passport, or a regular valid passport could not be presented, or if a valid passport does not meet the necessary requirements for travel. The temporary passport is the same as Pass 03, lacking biometric data.

The front cover of the temporary passport is marked with a white band on the lower half of the cover to distinguish it from a regular passport. The temporary passport only has 16 pages. There is no polycarbonate data page, instead using a laminated security paper data page; the temporary passport complies with international security standards for these types of documents and is machine readable. The temporary passport can be applied for abroad at any Swiss consulate or embassy, any domestic passport office, or at the Zürich and Geneva airports. Pass 03 was first

Varroa jacobsoni is a species of mite that parasitises Apis cerana. The more damaging Varroa destructor was included under the name V. jacobsoni, but the two species can be separated on the basis of the DNA sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I gene in the mitochondrial DNA. Prior to recent studies, V. jacobsoni was considered homogeneous. This finding has led to the belief; the hosts switching between the eastern A. cerana and the western A. mellifera is the major factor that broadens the pathological transmission of V. jacobsoni. It has spread worldwide with the exception of Australia and central Africa. At least 30 lineages of mites have specialised in living with bees. Most mite species associated with bee nests cleptophagous. Saprophagous mites eat hive debris parts with fungi growth. Cleptophagous mites eat pollen and other nutrients stored by bees; the few that have evolved to become parasitic appear to have arisen from predatory lineages. The family Laelapidae has 12 genera. Thus, the brood parasites of honeybees appear to have evolved from the Laelapidae.

The lifecycle of V. jacobsoni in A. cerana begins with a mature mated female entering a larval cell of a honey bee. Once the cell is capped, the adult female mite hides for five days inside the larval food near the bottom of the cell. After about five hours, the mite is released from the food, where it begins feeding on the host's haemolymph. After 60 hours, the adult female mite lays its first egg on the wall of the cell. Unfertilised mite eggs produce male offspring; the adult mated female emerges from the cell with the emerging bee. Once mites are released to the environment, they are transferred to other bees through close contact; the adult female mites feed through the intersegmental membrane on honeybee haemolymph. The cycle is completed. Acaricides are pesticides that kill members of the Acari group, which includes mites. Acaricides were at one time an effective method in regulating the transmission of V. jacobsoni in honey bees, but the buildup of residues in acaricide-resistant strains have decreased the effectiveness of mite control in honey bees.

Among those acaricides used are acrinathrin, bromopropylate, coumaphos and fluvalinate. Fluvalinate is the most effective acaricide

Tinambac the Municipality of Tinambac, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 67,572 people. Tinambac is politically subdivided into 44 barangays; the town of Tinambac was considered to be a trading center of villages surrounding the eastern side of Mt. Isarog, it was in this place where tobacco a prohibited product, was exchanged by the townspeople of Tinambac. Its establishment as a separate municipality occurred during the latter part of the 18th century and this was known as the mission post of Himoragat. In 1829 when the Spanish administration divided the province of Camarines Sur into four districts, Tinambac fall under the District of Isarog. A church was built atop a hill which still stands at present where the residents of this simple town give way to the celebration of its fiesta every 17th day of May. St. Pascual Baylon is the patron saint of this town. In the 2015 census, the population of Tinambac was 67,572 people, with a density of 190 inhabitants per square kilometre or 490 inhabitants per square mile.

Bikol is the predominant language. Total agricultural area is estimated to be 96 % of which are planted with coconut. Only around 4% are devoted to rice, corn and root crops. Fishponds cover around 464 1.8 % of the total agricultural area. Communication facilities: 1 Post Office located in the Poblacion, staffed by a Post Master and mail carriers Telegraph service offered by local branch of National Telecommunications Office Branches of RCPI and LBC Air Cargo Land line communication facilities Producers Bank Palawan Express Newly opened LCC supermarket and department store Philippine Standard Geographic Code Philippine Census Information Official site of the province of Camarines Sur/Tinambac

Yanagawa is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of April 30, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 71,848, with 24,507 households and a population density of 934.55 persons per km². The total area is 76.88 km². On March 21, 2005 the towns of Yamato and Mitsuhashi were merged into Yanagawa. Yanagawa is popular with Japanese tourists because of its 470 km of wide canals. Yanagawa riverboats, called "donkobune", are used to take tourists around the city. In 1987 a video documentary was created by Studio Ghibli about their restoration; the Story of Yanagawa's Canals is available and includes English subtitles. Yanagawa was constructed in the mid-16th century by the Kamachi clan. Before it had been a traditional farming village, with the canals used for irrigation; the modern city was founded on April 1, 1952. Yanagawa is the birthplace of a Meiji era poet and writer of children's songs. An annual three-day festival is held every November in Yanagawa complete with poetry readings, music, a great number of evening boat rides.

During this festival, most activities begin from Shimohyaku Town and center at the Hiyoshi Shinto Shrine. In addition, Hakushu's birth house is open to the public for tours; the Yanagawa Municipal Folk Museum is dedicated to preservation of Hakushu-sensei's works and memorabilia. During the months of March and April, Yanagawa plays host to a number of festivals, most notably Hinamatsuri or Girls' Festival on March 3. A great number of finely crafted Heian era styled dolls are placed on display in a number of private homes and businesses throughout the city. During this time, a number of local citizens open up their homes to the public, allowing people to come and see their elaborate decorations and displays. Media related to Yanagawa, Fukuoka at Wikimedia Commons Yanagawa City official website Yanagawa page of Fukuoka Prefecture Tourism Association Website Official website of the Ohana Villa in Yanagawa.

The Albany County, New York, Department of Public Works maintains nearly 290 miles of roads and 78 bridges as county routes. All county routes in Albany County are signed with a blue pentagonal shield, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices' standard shield for county routes. Although quite a few county routes are in more than one town, the route number reflects the town that the largest portion of the route is in. Two county routes pass through the western portion of the city of Albany. Parts of New York State Route 32 and NY 155 are owned and maintained by Albany County and are thus co-signed as state touring routes and as Albany County routes. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. George Street, a 0.73-mile street in the village of Green Island, is designated as County Route 278. Maintenance of the route is shared between the county and the village as the village is responsible for everyday maintenance while the county is responsible for reconstruction when it is needed.

It is not signed as a county route. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. Routes numbered. County routes in New York Empire State Roads – Albany County Roads Albany County Department of Public Works home page