Metaphor
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A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for literary effect, refers to one thing by mentioning another. Thus, it invites the audience to make a comparison between two normally unrelated entities or ide
1835 etching by George Cruikshank illustrating the metaphor of describing strong weather as "raining cats, dogs and pitchforks"
"The Asherah is part of a jigsaw in weaving together the feminine threads of a religious history that could be an important new breakthrough for women, she says." An example of mixed metaphor in print.
The phrase "world is a theater" is an absolute metaphor
A metaphorical visualization of the word anger
Metonymy
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Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something associated with that thing or concept. For example, the word "suit" may refer to a person from groups commonly
The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense and is a common metonym for the US military and its leadership
The White House is the official residence of the president of the United States, and its name is a common metonym for the presidency and cabinet of the United States.
Fleet Street (where most British national newspapers previously operated) is a metonym for the British press
The Kremlin is often used as a metonym for the central governments of both the Soviet Union and modern Russia