1.
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
–
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an international airport 3 miles south of downtown Washington, D. C. in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, for decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority operates the airport with close oversight by the government due to its proximity to the national capital. Reagan National is a hub for American Airlines, which is Reagan Nationals largest carrier, American Airlines also has near-hourly air shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport and Logan International Airport in Boston. Delta Air Lines also operates air shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport. In the 12 months ending March 2015, the airport served 21,195,775 passengers. S, customs and Border Protection preclearance facilities. Other international passenger flights must use Washington Dulles International Airport or Baltimore–Washington International Airport, near the present site of the Pentagon, Hoover Field was the first airport that had a major terminal, which opened its doors in 1926. The facilitys single runway was crossed by a street, guards had to stop automobile traffic during takeoffs, the following year Washington Airport, another privately operated field, began service next door. In 1930 the Depression caused the two terminals to merge to form Washington-Hoover Airport. Bordered on the east by U. S. Route 1, with its accompanying high-tension electrical wires, and obstructed by a high smokestack on one approach and a dump nearby, the field was inadequate. Although the need for an airport was acknowledged in 37 studies conducted between 1926 and 1938, there was a statutory prohibition against federal development of airports. When Congress lifted the prohibition in 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made an appropriation of $15 million to build National Airport by reallocating funds from other purposes. Construction of Washington National Airport began in 1940–41 by a led by John McShain. Congress challenged the legality of FDRs recess appropriation, but construction of the new airport continued, the airport is southwest of Washington, D. C. The western part of the airport was once within a large Virginia plantation, the airport opened June 16,1941, just before US involvement into World War II. Public were entertained by displays of equipment including a captured Japanese Zero war prize flown in with U. S. Navy colors. In 1945 Congress passed a law established the airport was legally within Virginia. On July 1 of that year, the weather station became the official point for the weather observations and records by the National Weather Service
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
–
FAA airport diagram
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
–
Terminal building in July 1941, shortly after it opened. Photograph by
Jack Delano.
2.
Arlington County, Virginia
–
Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is coterminous with the U. S. Census Bureau-census-designated place of Arlington, as a result, the county is often referred to in the region simply as Arlington or Arlington, Virginia. In 2015, the population was estimated at 229,164. The land that became Arlington was originally donated by Virginia to the United States government to form part of the new federal district of Columbia. In 1846, Congress returned the land southwest of the Potomac River donated by Virginia due to issues involving Congressional representation, the General Assembly of Virginia changed the countys name to Arlington in 1920 to avoid confusion with the adjacent City of Alexandria. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington. Arlington is also bordered by Fairfax County and City of Falls Church to the northwest, west and southwest, as of the 2010 census, the population was 207,627. Due to the proximity to downtown Washington, D. C. It is also home to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, the many federal agencies, government contractors, and service industries contribute to Arlingtons stable economy. It is the county in the United States by median family income. According to a 2016 study by Bankrate. com, Arlington is the best place to retire, the area that now constitutes Arlington County was originally part of Fairfax County in the Colony of Virginia. Land grants from the British monarch were awarded to prominent Englishmen in exchange for political favors, one of the grantees was Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who lends his name to both Fairfax County and the City of Fairfax. George Washington Parke Custis, grandson of First Lady Martha Washington, the estate was eventually passed down to Mary Anna Custis Lee, wife of General Robert E. Lee. The property later became Arlington National Cemetery during the American Civil War, the area that now contains Arlington County was ceded to the new United States federal government by the Commonwealth of Virginia. With the passage of the Residence Act in 1790, Congress approved a new permanent capital to be located on the Potomac River, the Residence Act originally only allowed the President to select a location within Maryland as far east as what is now the Anacostia River. However, President Washington shifted the federal territorys borders to the southeast in order to include the city of Alexandria at the Districts southern tip. In 1791, Congress amended the Residence Act to approve the new site, however, this amendment to the Residence Act specifically prohibited the erection of the public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the River Potomac. As permitted by the U. S. Constitution, the shape of the federal district was a square, measuring 10 miles on each side
Arlington County, Virginia
–
The skylines of Arlington's
Courthouse and
Rosslyn neighborhoods, with the
Georgetown and
Downtown neighborhoods of
Washington, D.C. immediately past them. The county accounts for most of Virginia's border with the District.
Arlington County, Virginia
–
1878 map of Alexandria County, now Arlington County
Arlington County, Virginia
–
Arlington National Cemetery sits on land confiscated from Confederate General
Robert E. Lee.
Arlington County, Virginia
–
The façade of
Arlington House appears on Arlington's seal, flag, and logo.
3.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
4.
Washington metropolitan area
–
The Washington metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D. C. the capital of the United States. The area includes all of the district and parts of the U. S. states of Maryland and Virginia. The Washington metropolitan area is one of the most educated and most affluent metropolitan areas in the United States, the regions three largest cities are the federal territory of Washington, D. C. the county of Arlington, and the independent city of Alexandria. The area is sometimes referred to as the National Capital Region. Another term used to describe the region is the D. C, the area is increasingly referred to as the DMV, a shorthand for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. The area in the region that is surrounded by Interstate 495 is also referred to as being inside the Beltway. The city of Washington, which is at the center of the area, is referred to as the District because it is the federal District of Columbia, the Virginian portion of the region is known as Northern Virginia. Senate, and the U. S. House of Representatives, the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally designated metropolitan planning organization for the metropolitan Washington area. The area has been a magnet for international immigration since the late 1960s and it is also a magnet for internal migration. Census estimates show that persons of post-1965 immigrant stock will likely represent 25% of the population by 2010. Forbes magazine stated in its 2008 Americas Best- And Worst-Educated Cities report, The D. C. area is less than half the size of L. A. but both cities have around 100,000 Ph. D. s. In the 21st century, the Washington metropolitan area has overtaken the San Francisco Bay Area as the metropolitan area in the nation. The median household income of the region is US$72,800, census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Claritas Inc. and other sources. A Dice. com report showed that the Washington–Baltimore area had the second-highest number of tech jobs listed,8,289, changes in house prices for the D. C. S. residential real estate market. McLean ZIP code 22102 had the highest median home prices among ZIP codes within the Washington metropolitan area as of 2013, asian Americans had the highest median net worth in the Washington area. Although the median net worth for white D. C. -area households was 81 times that of black D. C. -area households, defense contracting Many defense contractors are based in the region to be close to the Pentagon in Arlington. Tourism Tourism is a significant industry in the Washington metropolitan region, the convention industry is also significant, in 2016, D. C. hosted fifteen city-wide conventions with an estimated total economic impact of $277.9 million. Fort Lee gained 7,344 mostly military employees, fort Meade gained 5,361 employees, primarily as a result of the expansion of the National Security Agency
Washington metropolitan area
–
Washington, D.C. in September 2003
Washington metropolitan area
–
Satellite photo of the Washington metropolitan area
Washington metropolitan area
–
Map highlighting labor patterns of regional counties
Washington metropolitan area
–
View of downtown Washington, with the northern skyline of Arlington in the background. The skyline of
Tysons Corner is visible in the horizon.
5.
John E. Potter
–
John E. Jack Potter is the President and CEO of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority since July 18,2011. He is the former United States Postmaster General and CEO of the United States Postal Service, potters father, Richard, was a Manhattan letter carrier who later became a senior executive of the postal service. After graduating from Cardinal Spellman High School in the Bronx a year behind Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor and he joined the postal service in 1978 as a distribution clerk in Westchester keying ZIP codes into sorting machines. After eight years in New York, including a three-year analysts stint at 50th Street and Broadway, Potter rose rapidly through the hierarchy, establishing himself as an automation expert. In April 2002, Potter submitted the USPS Transformation Plan to Congress in response to the challenges the Postal Service faced. These challenges threatened the financial and commercial viability of the Postal Service, H. R.22, addressing this issue, passed the House of Representatives and Senate and was signed into law on September 30,2009. However, PMG Potter has unveiled a plan to eliminate Saturday mail delivery, the universal service obligation and six day delivery are upheld by Congressional language within Appropriations legislation, so a reduction in service would require action from the House and Senate. I will be in conversations in coming weeks with the senior postal leadership, at which, PMG Potter testified that by the year 2020, the USPS cumulative losses could exceed $238 billion, and that mail volume could drop 15% from 2009. On October 26,2010, Potter announced his retirement to the Postal Service Board of Governors, potters deputy, Patrick R. Donahoe, succeeded him as head of the Postal Service. Donahoe echoed his predecessors views on five-day delivery when he assumed office in 2011, on February 6,2013, Donahue announced that the Postal Service would implement five-day mail delivery beginning August 5, a move he claimed would save $2 billion annually. Later the same day, the board of the National Rural Letter Carriers Association voted unanimously to call for his dismissal. July 16, the House passed the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations bill, on June 22,2011, the Board of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority selected Potter to be the President and CEO of the Airports Authority. He joined the Authority on July 18,2011
John E. Potter
–
Jack Potter & NRLCA Vice President Jeanette Dwyer
6.
Washington Dulles International Airport
–
Washington Dulles International Airport is an international airport in Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia, United States,26 miles west of downtown Washington, D. C. The airport serves the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area, centered on the District of Columbia, the airport is named after John Foster Dulles, the 52nd Secretary of State who served under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Dulles main terminal is a landmark designed by Eero Saarinen. Operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Dulles Airport occupies 13,000 acres straddling the Loudoun-Fairfax line, most of the airport is in the unincorporated community of Dulles, in Loudoun County, with a small portion in the unincorporated community of Chantilly in Fairfax County. Dulles is the one of the three airports in the larger Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area with more than 21 million passengers a year. On a typical day, more than 60,000 passengers pass through Washington Dulles to, however, Dulles Airport now ranks behind both Baltimore-Washington International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in total annual passenger boardings. Prior to World War II, Hoover Field was the commercial airport serving Washington. It was replaced by Washington National Airport in 1941, after the war, in 1948, the Civil Aeronautics Administration began to consider sites for a second major airport to serve the nations capital. Congress passed the Washington Airport Act in 1950 to provide funding for a new airport in the region. One competing plan called for the airport to be built in the Pender area of Fairfax County, while another called for the conversion of Andrews Air Force Base in Prince Georges County, the civil engineering firm Ammann and Whitney was named lead contractor. The airport was dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on November 17,1962, as originally opened, the airport had three runways. Its original name, Dulles International Airport, was changed in 1984 to Washington Dulles International Airport, the main terminal was designed in 1958 by famed Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and it is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestive of flight. In the 1990s the main terminal at Dulles was reconfigured to allow space between the front of the building and the ticket counters. Additions at both ends of the main terminal more than doubled the structures length, the original terminal at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Taoyuan, Taiwan was modeled after the Saarinen terminal at Dulles. The design included a landscaped man-made lake to collect rainwater, a hotel. The first scheduled flight at Dulles was an Eastern Air Lines Super Electra turboprop from Newark International Airport in New Jersey on November 19,1962. Airport operations grew along with Virginia suburbs and the Dulles Technology Corridor, perimeter, in 1969, Dulles had 2.01 million passengers while National had 9.9 million. The era of jumbo jets began on January 15,1970, rather than a traditional champagne bottle, red, white, and blue water was sprayed on the aircraft
Washington Dulles International Airport
Washington Dulles International Airport
–
FAA airport Diagram
Washington Dulles International Airport
–
Dulles Airport in 1970
Washington Dulles International Airport
–
Main Terminal Station of Aerotrain
7.
Washington Reagan National Airport
–
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an international airport 3 miles south of downtown Washington, D. C. in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, for decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority operates the airport with close oversight by the government due to its proximity to the national capital. Reagan National is a hub for American Airlines, which is Reagan Nationals largest carrier, American Airlines also has near-hourly air shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport and Logan International Airport in Boston. Delta Air Lines also operates air shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport. In the 12 months ending March 2015, the airport served 21,195,775 passengers. S, customs and Border Protection preclearance facilities. Other international passenger flights must use Washington Dulles International Airport or Baltimore–Washington International Airport, near the present site of the Pentagon, Hoover Field was the first airport that had a major terminal, which opened its doors in 1926. The facilitys single runway was crossed by a street, guards had to stop automobile traffic during takeoffs, the following year Washington Airport, another privately operated field, began service next door. In 1930 the Depression caused the two terminals to merge to form Washington-Hoover Airport. Bordered on the east by U. S. Route 1, with its accompanying high-tension electrical wires, and obstructed by a high smokestack on one approach and a dump nearby, the field was inadequate. Although the need for an airport was acknowledged in 37 studies conducted between 1926 and 1938, there was a statutory prohibition against federal development of airports. When Congress lifted the prohibition in 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made an appropriation of $15 million to build National Airport by reallocating funds from other purposes. Construction of Washington National Airport began in 1940–41 by a led by John McShain. Congress challenged the legality of FDRs recess appropriation, but construction of the new airport continued, the airport is southwest of Washington, D. C. The western part of the airport was once within a large Virginia plantation, the airport opened June 16,1941, just before US involvement into World War II. Public were entertained by displays of equipment including a captured Japanese Zero war prize flown in with U. S. Navy colors. In 1945 Congress passed a law established the airport was legally within Virginia. On July 1 of that year, the weather station became the official point for the weather observations and records by the National Weather Service
Washington Reagan National Airport
Washington Reagan National Airport
–
Ronald Reagan Washington Airport
Washington Reagan National Airport
–
FAA airport diagram
Washington Reagan National Airport
–
Terminal building in July 1941, shortly after it opened. Photograph by
Jack Delano.
8.
Dulles Toll Road
–
State Route 267 is a primary state highway in the US state of Virginia. The combined roadway provides a road for commuting and a free road for access to Washington Dulles International Airport. The Dulles Access Roads median hosts the Silver Line of the Washington Metro for much of the length between Reston and Falls Church, the Dulles Access Road is a four-lane,13. 65-mile highway that runs inside the Dulles Toll Road along its median. The Access Road was built from the Beltway as part of the construction of Dulles Airport and it was extended to I-66 in 1985. The Dulles Airport Access Road can be used only for travel to and from Dulles Airport, since the opening of the Dulles Toll Road, the only major modification to the Access Road was the construction of a flyover exit ramp from the eastbound Access Road to State Route 7. This ramp bypasses congestion associated with the toll plaza, where traffic from Dulles Airport attempts to exit at Route 7. The Dulles Toll Road is an eight-lane,16. 15-mile toll road that runs outside the Dulles Access Road and it was built in 1984 by the Virginia Department of Transportation as a toll highway, because conventional funding was not available. Officially, the road is named the Omer L. Hirst – Adelard L. Brault Expressway, however, the road is rarely referred to by that name. The speed limit is 55 miles per hour, and the construction had two lanes in each direction. A third lane was built to serve HOV traffic in 1992, for a short period between the end of construction and the start of HOV limits, drivers of single passenger vehicles used the lane and contacted government officials opposing the HOV policy. In response, Congress passed special legislation prohibiting the imposition of HOV restrictions on the route, as a compromise to resolve the situation, Virginia decided to lift the HOV restriction and to construct a fourth lane in each direction to serve HOV traffic. However, unlike the third lane, officials did not allow use at the end of construction in 1998. As a practical matter, the right of way could not fit any additional lanes other than the current six in each direction, however, Rep. Frank Wolf again threatened to pass federal legislation prohibiting the fourth lane to be limited to HOV traffic. In 2005, five companies submitted proposals to VDOT to privatize the toll road which included payments to Virginia that could be used for transportation. In response MWAA made its own proposal to take operation of the toll road from VDOT, assuming associated debts. Access Road traffic to State Route 7 gets a separate exit ramp from those of the Toll Road, through December 31,2013, a main toll plaza west of the Beltway interchange collects a $1.75 toll in both directions for two-axle vehicles. Toll booths located on westbound exit ramps and eastbound entrance ramps collect tolls of $1.00, except at the Route 7 interchange, vehicles with more than two axles are charged higher rates. All tollbooths are equipped with electronic toll collection systems which accept E-ZPass, fifty cents of each toll is attributable to the financing of the Silver Line to Dulles Airport
Dulles Toll Road
–
The main toll plaza of the Dulles Toll Road. At the time this photo was taken, the toll was 75¢. It has since increased.
Dulles Toll Road
–
State Route 267
Dulles Toll Road
–
View of Route 267 from the Wiehle Avenue exit
Dulles Toll Road
–
The main toll plaza of the Dulles Greenway
9.
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
–
The Silver Line of the Washington Metro in the United States consists of 28 existing and six planned rapid transit stations from Wiehle–Reston East to Largo Town Center. It has stations in Fairfax County and Arlington, Virginia, the District of Columbia, only five stations are exclusive to the Silver Line, which began service on July 26,2014. Phase 2 will expand the line another 11.5 miles to Loudoun County via Washington Dulles International Airport, preliminary construction of Phase 2 began in 2014 and is scheduled to open in 2019. The $6.8 billion project is the largest expansion by route mileage since the inception of Metro in 1976, the Silver Line has two primary goals. The first is to link Washington, D. C. by rail to Washington Dulles International Airport and the cities of Tysons Corner, Reston, Herndon. The second is to spur development in Tysons Corner and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginias largest. The districts area is comparable in size to downtown Washington, D. C. but is rather insulated from its surrounding neighborhoods and has no existing grid pattern in its streets. Funding for the phase of the project will be shared by Loudoun County, Fairfax County, the Commonwealth of Virginia. It follows the Blue and Orange Line tracks through DC, continuing through Arlington along the Orange Line, the new tracks run in the median of the Dulles Connector Road to an elevated bridge, which takes them over Virginia Route 123. Two elevated stops along the west side of Route 123 serve the national headquarters of CapitalOne, SAIC, the tracks then enter a tunnel which emerges in the median of Virginia Route 7. Two elevated stations above Route 7 serve the section of Tysons Corner. The elevated track then swings into the median of the Dulles Access Road until it reaches the airport, along the way, five new stations would be built with platforms in the median of the access road and a faregate and pedestrian bridges to parking areas elevated above the highway. The garage has drawn criticism because of alleged construction flaws, as currently planned, upon reaching the airport the track will enter a tunnel which will follow the path of the arrivals driveway of the airport terminal to a station located close to the terminal. The track would leave the tunnel near the hotel and economy parking lots. A storage yard and maintenance facility would branch off to the west occupying the airports buffer zone north of the end of its major runways, the final two stops would be in the median of the Dulles Greenway, serving the Ashburn suburb. Hence, the line is expected to draw both airport traffic and commuters from the far suburbs of Washington, DC. Buses currently provide these users with limited public transportation, in contrast, the Silver Line is expected to provide trains once every six minutes during rush hours and once every fourteen minutes during non-rush hours. Metros new 7000 series cars have been ordered at a price of $3 million per car,64 of which are for Silver Line service, the contract was signed on July 2,2010 for 428 cars
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
–
Panoramic view of Silver Line Phase I project under construction between the
Tysons Corner station on
Route 123 at Tysons Boulevard and the overpass on the
Capital Beltway (I-495).
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
–
As originally planned, Silver Line trains were to reverse course using the D98
pocket track east of the
Stadium Armory stop. Safety concerns raised in December 2012 required service to extend to
Largo Town Center.
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
–
Unused bridge pier near West Falls Church station in 2010, intended to support a Silver Line bridge
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
–
Pennant given to users of the Silver Line on its grand opening, July 26, 2014.
10.
Maryland
–
The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
Maryland
–
Western Maryland: known for its heavily forested mountains. A panoramic view of
Deep Creek Lake and the surrounding
Appalachian Mountains in
Garrett County.
Maryland
–
Flag
Maryland
–
Dramatic example of Maryland's
fall line, a change in rock type and elevation that creates waterfalls in many areas along the Southwest to Northeast geological boundary that crosses the state.
Great Falls, cliffs and rapids.
Maryland
–
Typical freshwater river above the tidal zone. The
Patapsco River includes the famous
Thomas Viaduct and is part of the
Patapsco Valley State Park. Later, the river forms the
Inner Harbor as it empties into the
Chesapeake Bay.
11.
Washington, D.C.
–
Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
Washington, D.C.
–
Clockwise from top left:
Smithsonian Institution Building,
Rock Creek Park,
National Mall (including the
Lincoln Memorial in the foreground),
Howard Theatre and the
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
Washington, D.C.
–
Map of the District of Columbia in 1835, prior to the
retrocession
Washington, D.C.
–
Ford's Theatre in the 19th century, site of the 1865
assassination of
President Lincoln
Washington, D.C.
–
Crowds surrounding the
Reflecting Pool during the 1963
March on Washington
12.
United States Congress
–
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent
United States Congress
United States Congress
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United States Congress
United States Congress
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In 1868, this committee of representatives prosecuted president
Andrew Johnson in his impeachment trial, but the Senate did not convict him.
United States Congress
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George Washington presiding over the signing of the
United States Constitution.
13.
United States Department of Transportation
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The United States Department of Transportation is a federal Cabinet department of the U. S. government concerned with transportation. It was established by an act of Congress on October 15,1966 and it is governed by the United States Secretary of Transportation. Prior to the Department of Transportation, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation administered the functions now associated with the DOT, the awardees include light rail projects. Other projects include both a rail extension and a subway project in New York City, and a bus rapid transit system in Springfield. The budget provided funding for all of the projects currently receiving Recovery Act funding. It also continued funding for another 18 transit projects that are currently under construction or soon will be. Following the same the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 delegates $600 million for Infrastructure Investments, the Department of Transportation was authorized a budget for Fiscal Year 2016 of $75.1 billion. e. Did not earn an overall grade
United States Department of Transportation
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Headquarters of the U.S. Department of Transportation, which opened in spring 2007 in Southeast Washington, near the
Washington Navy Yard and
Nationals Park
United States Department of Transportation
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Seal of the United States Department of Transportation
14.
Maryland Aviation Administration
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The Maryland Aviation Administration is a state agency of Maryland and an airport authority under the jurisdiction of the Maryland Department of Transportation. The agency owns and operates Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport and Martin State Airport and its headquarters is on the third floor of the terminal building at BWI Airport, located in unincorporated Anne Arundel County. In 1920 The Maryland State Aviation Commission was formed by Governor Ritchie, appointing Dr. Joeseph S. Ames, W. Frank Robert, Temple N. Joyce, Garland W. Powell, William B. In 1929, the State Aviation Commission was established in Maryland to inspect and license commercial airports, flight schools, the agency was renamed as the State Aviation Administration in 1971 when it became a subordinate unit of the Maryland Department of Transportation. In 1989, its name became Maryland Aviation Administration, BWI Airport became the responsibility of the MAA in 1972 when the State of Maryland purchased the airport from the city of Baltimore for $36 million. Previously known as Friendship International Airport, the airport was renamed Baltimore/Washington International Airport in 1973, Martin State Airport, located in Baltimore County on the opposite side of Baltimore from BWI, was purchased by the State of Maryland and assigned to the MAA in 1975. Since the purchase of BWI in 1972, the MAA has grown from three employees to more than 200, the MAA office developed the Maryland Aid to Private Airports Program, and Airport Equipment Loan Program. The executive director of the MAA is appointed by the Maryland Secretary of Transportation, with the approval of the governor and advice from the Maryland Aviation Commission
Maryland Aviation Administration
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The Maryland Aviation Administration has its headquarters inside the terminal of
Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport
15.
Baltimore, Maryland
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Baltimore is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country. It was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county, thus, it is the largest independent city in the United States, with a population of 621,849 as of 2015. As of 2010, the population of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area was 2.7 million, founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. Baltimores Inner Harbor was once the leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods, in the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, later the American national anthem, in Baltimore. More than 65,000 properties, or roughly one in three buildings in the city, are listed on the National Register, more than any city in the nation. The city has 289 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the historical records of the government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives. The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, of the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore Manor was the name of the estate in County Longford on which the Calvert family lived in Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir, in 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 210 miles from Jamestown to the uppermost Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River. The name Patapsco is derived from pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth in Algonquian dialect, a quarter century after John Smiths voyage, English colonists began to settle in Maryland. The area constituting the modern City of Baltimore and its area was first settled by David Jones in 1661. He claimed the area today as Harbor East on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was populated, if at all. The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC, one Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period, the culture that is called the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore to the Rappahannock River in Virginia. It was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County, in 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house and Prison in each County within this Province. The site of the house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House
Baltimore, Maryland
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Sixth Regiment fighting railroad strikers, July 20, 1877
Baltimore, Maryland
–
Downtown Baltimore,
Emerson Bromo-Seltzer Tower,
Pennsylvania Station,
M&T Bank Stadium, (
Baltimore Ravens Stadium),
Inner Harbor and the
National Aquarium in Baltimore,
Baltimore City Hall,
Washington Monument
Baltimore, Maryland
–
The
Battle Monument commemorates the
Battle of Baltimore.
Baltimore, Maryland
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The
Great Baltimore Fire of 1904, looking west from
Pratt and
Gay streets
16.
Federal Aviation Administration
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The Federal Aviation Administration of the United States is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation. The FAAs roles include, Regulating U. S, each LOB has a specific role within the FAA. Airports — plans and develops projects involving airports, overseeing their construction, Air Traffic Organization — primary duty is to safely and efficiently move air traffic within the National Airspace System. ATO employees manage air traffic facilities including Airport Traffic Control Towers, Aviation Safety — Responsible for aeronautical certification of personnel and aircraft, including pilots, airlines, and mechanics. Commercial Space Transportation — ensures protection of U. S. assets during the launch or reentry of commercial space vehicles, the FAA is headquartered in Washington, D. C. as well as the William J. The newly created Aeronautics Branch, operating under the Department of Commerce assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight, in fulfilling its civil aviation responsibilities, the Department of Commerce initially concentrated on such functions as safety regulations and the certification of pilots and aircraft. It took over the building and operation of the system of lighted airways. The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its status within the Department. As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control along the airways, in 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system. The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps, blackboards, and mental calculations to ensure the separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities. In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Act transferred the civil aviation responsibilities from the Commerce Department to a new independent agency. The legislation also expanded the role by giving them the authority. President Franklin D. Roosevelt split the authority into two agencies in 1940, the Civil Aeronautics Administration and the Civil Aeronautics Board, CAA was responsible for ATC, airman and aircraft certification, safety enforcement, and airway development. CAB was entrusted with safety regulation, accident investigation, and economic regulation of the airlines, the CAA was part of the Department of Commerce. The CAB was an independent federal agency, on the eve of Americas entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war, the application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation. The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions and this legislation gave the CAAs functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, the FAAs first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower
Federal Aviation Administration
–
FAA Headquarters,
Washington, D.C.
Federal Aviation Administration
–
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
–
FAA Joint Surveillance Site radar,
Canton, Michigan
17.
Beijing
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Beijing is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China and the worlds third most populous city proper. It is also one of the worlds most populous capital cities, the city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by population after Shanghai and is the nations political, cultural. It is home to the headquarters of most of Chinas largest state-owned companies, and is a hub for the national highway, expressway, railway. The citys history dates back three millennia, as the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries. Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A. D, the city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have made it centre of culture, encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. Siheyuans, the traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, many of Beijings 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities in the world. Beijings Zhongguancun area is known as Chinas Silicon Valley and Chinas center of innovation. According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey, Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory Personal Finance Index, expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east, or in suburban districts such as Shunyi. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had other names. The name Beijing, which means Northern Capital, was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming Dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing, the English spelling is based on the pinyin romanisation of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. Those dialects preserve the Middle Chinese pronunciation of 京 as kjaeng, the single Chinese character abbreviation for Beijing is 京, which appears on automobile license plates in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is BJ, the earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District, where Peking Man lived. Homo erectus fossils from the date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. Paleolithic Homo sapiens also lived more recently, about 27,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found neolithic settlements throughout the municipality, including in Wangfujing, the first walled city in Beijing was Ji, a city from the 11th to 7th century BC
Beijing
–
Clockwise from top:
Beijing CBD skyline,
Tiananmen,
Temple of Heaven,
National Center for the Performing Arts, and
Beijing National Stadium
Beijing
–
The museum at
Zhoukoudian
Beijing
–
The
Tianning Pagoda, built around 1120.
Beijing
–
Longevity Hill in Beijing where
Kublai Khan wrote his poem.
18.
Board of Directors
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A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a corporation or organization, which can include a non-profit organization or a government agency. A board of directors activities are determined by the powers, duties and responsibilities conferred on it by an authority outside itself and these matters are typically detailed in regulations or in the organizations constitution and bylaws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the full membership. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are voted for by the shareholders, the board of directors appoints the chief executive officer of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors are often done by the board itself, in a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself. Other names include Board of directors and advisors, board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees and it may also be called the executive board and is often simply referred to as the board. For companies with publicly trading stock, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous, typically, the board chooses one of its members to be the chairman, who holds whatever title is specified in the bylaws or articles of association. However, in organizations, the members elect the president of the organization. The directors of an organization are the persons who are members of its board, several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization. An inside director is a director who is also an employee, officer, chief executive, major shareholder, inside directors represent the interests of the entitys stakeholders, and often have special knowledge of its inner workings, its financial or market position, and so on. Executive directors often have an area of responsibility in the organization, such as finance, marketing, human resources. An outside director is a member of the board who is not otherwise employed by or engaged with the organization, a typical example is a director who is president of a firm in a different industry. Outside directors are not employees of the company or affiliated with it in any other way, outside directors bring outside experience and perspectives to the board. One of the arguments for having outside directors is that they can keep a eye on the inside directors. Outside directors are unlikely to tolerate insider dealing between insider directors, as outside directors do not benefit from the company or organization, outside directors are often useful in handling disputes between inside directors, or between shareholders and the board. They are thought to be advantageous because they can be objective, director - a person appointed to serve on the board of an organization, such as an institution or business. This practice results in an interlocking directorate, where a small number of individuals have significant influence over a large number of important entities
Board of Directors
–
A meeting of a board of directors of the
Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company in 1852
19.
Governor of Virginia
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The Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia serves as the chief executive of the Commonwealth of Virginia for a four-year term. The current holder of the office is Terry McAuliffe, who was sworn in on January 11,2014 and his term will expire on January 13,2018. McAuliffe is a member of the Democratic Party and was elected to the office on November 5,2013, candidates for governor must be United States citizens who have resided in Virginia and been a registered voter for five years prior to the election in which they are running. The candidates must be at least 30 years of age, Virginia governors are not allowed to serve consecutive terms, therefore, they cannot stand for reelection at the end of their term, as per the 1830 state constitution. However, a governor is permitted to run for a second term in a future election. Only two governors since 1830, William Smith and Mills Godwin, were elected to additional terms, the governor is the head of government in Virginia. At the beginning of regular session, he or she must report the state of the Commonwealth to the Virginia General Assembly. He or she must convene the legislature when two-thirds of each house calls for a special session. The governor must ensure that the laws of the Commonwealth are faithfully executed by either signing, or allowing it to come into law, or vetoing and they are responsible for the safety of the state, as they serve as commander-in-chief of the Virginia Militia. The governor has the power to submit recommendations and to call special sessions when he finds them necessary. All bills must be sent to the governor before becoming law, the governor may sign the bill, let it sit unsigned for seven days, after which it becomes law, or veto the legislation. After a veto, the returns to its house of origin. The governor also has the power to use a line-item veto and he may send legislation back to the legislature with recommendations and amendments. The legislature must either approve the changes by a majority in each house or override the veto with a majority in each house. The governor is commander-in-chief of Virginias militia forces, the governor may also communicate with other states and foreign powers. The governor has the power to fill vacancies in positions unless the position is appointed by the legislature, the governor may commute fines or sentences and issue pardons. The governor may also restore voting rights and overturn other political penalties on individuals, the position of Governor of Virginia dates back to the first permanent English settlement in America, Jamestown. The Virginia Company of London set up a government run by a council, the President of the Council basically served as governor
Governor of Virginia
–
Incumbent
Terry McAuliffe since January 11, 2014
Governor of Virginia
–
Seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia
Governor of Virginia
–
The Governor's Mansion in Virginia, 1905
Governor of Virginia
–
The reconstructed colonial
Governor's Palace in
Williamsburg, Virginia
20.
Mayor of Washington, D.C.
–
The Mayor of the District of Columbia is the head of the executive branch of the government of Washington, D. C. The Mayor has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Council of the District of Columbia. In addition, the Mayor oversees all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, the mayors office oversees an annual city budget of $8.8 billion. The Executive Office of the Mayor is located in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, the structure of Washington, D. C. s city government has changed several times since the City of Washington was officially granted a formal government in 1802. From 1802 to 1812, the mayor was appointed by the President of the United States, Washingtons first mayor was Robert Brent, between 1812 and 1820, the citys mayors were then selected by a city council. From 1820 to 1871 the mayor was popularly elected, with the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, the District of Columbia was united under a single territorial government, whose chief executive was governor. This office was abolished in 1874, after only two governors and replaced with a board of commissioners appointed by the president. This system existed until 1967, when President Lyndon B. Johnson created the office of mayor-commissioner and this office had only one occupant in its eight years of existence, Walter E. Washington. In 1973, Congress enacted the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, providing for a mayor and 13-member legislative council. Incumbent mayor-commissioner Walter Washington was elected the first home-rule Mayor of the District of Columbia on November 5,1974, the citys local government, particularly during the mayoralty of Marion Barry, was criticized for mismanagement and waste. Barry defeated Mayor Washington in the 1978 Democratic Party primary, Barry was then elected mayor, serving three successive four-year terms. During his administration in 1989, The Washington Monthly magazine claimed that the District had the worst city government in America, after being imprisoned for six months on misdemeanor drug charges in 1990, Barry did not run for reelection. In 1991, Sharon Pratt Kelly became the first black woman to lead a major U. S. city, Barry was elected again in 1994 and by the next year the city had become nearly insolvent. In 1995, Congress created the District of Columbia Financial Control Board to oversee all municipal spending, Mayor Anthony Williams won election in 1998. His administration oversaw a period of prosperity, urban renewal. The District regained control over its finances in 2001 and the oversight boards operations were suspended, Williams did not seek reelection in 2006. Councilmember Adrian Fenty defeated Council Chairwoman Linda Cropp in that years Democratic primary race to succeed Williams as mayor, shortly upon taking office, Fenty won approval from the city council to directly manage and overhaul the citys under-performing public school system. However, Fenty lost a Democratic Party primary to former Council Chair Vincent Gray in August 2010, Mayor Gray won the general election and assumed office in January 2011 with a pledge to bring economic opportunities to more of the citys residents and under-served areas
Mayor of Washington, D.C.
–
Incumbent
Muriel Bowser since January 2, 2015
Mayor of Washington, D.C.
–
Seal of the District of Columbia
Mayor of Washington, D.C.
Mayor of Washington, D.C.
21.
Governor of Maryland
–
The Governor of Maryland heads the executive branch of the government of the State of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the states National Guard units. The Governor is the official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the State and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution. Because of the extent of constitutional powers, the Governor of Maryland has been ranked as being among the most powerful Governors in the United States. The current Governor is Larry Hogan, a Republican who defeated Lt, Governor Anthony Brown on November 4,2014. Like most state chief executives in the United States, the Governor is elected by the citizens of Maryland to serve a four-year term, under the Constitution of Maryland, the Governor can run any number of times, but not more than twice in a row. This makes it possible for a governor to run for the office again after remaining out of office for at least one term. An eligible candidate for Governor must be at least 30 years old, and also a resident of, the Governor, like all statewide officials in Maryland, is elected in the even-numbered years in which the election for President of the United States does not occur. The main constitutional responsibility of the Governor of Maryland, and any other States chief executive, is to out the business of the state. The Governor also has some say in these laws, since the Governor has the ability to any bill sent to his or her desk by the Maryland General Assembly. Every year, the Governor must present a budget to the Maryland General Assembly. The Assembly may, however, increase funds for the Legislative, the Governor has the power to veto any law that is passed by the General Assembly, including a line item veto, which can be used to strike certain portions of appropriations bills. The Legislature then has the power to override a Governors veto by vote of three-fifths of the number of members in each house, the Governor also sits on the Board of Public Works, whose other two members are the Comptroller and the Treasurer. This Board has broad powers in overseeing and approving the spending of state funds and they must approve state expenditures of all general funds and capital improvement funds, excluding expenditures for the construction of state roads, bridges, and highways. The Governor appoints almost all military and civil officers of the State government, subject to advice, any officer appointed by the Governor, except a member of the General Assembly, is removable by him or her, if there is a legitimate cause for removal. Among the most prominent of the Governors appointees are the 24 secretaries and heads of departments that make up the Governors Cabinet. The Governor of Maryland is the Chairman of the Governors Executive Council which coordinates all state government functions, hunter-Cevera Adjutant General - Gen. Linda Singh Other members of the Governors Staff may be invited to Cabinet meetings as attendees. The Governor also oversees several sub-cabinets that coordinate the activities of a function of state government that involves several state departments or agencies. In times of emergency, the Governor may exercise emergency powers
Governor of Maryland
–
Incumbent
Larry Hogan since January 21, 2015
Governor of Maryland
–
Seal of the State of Maryland
Governor of Maryland
–
Thomas Johnson, the first Governor of Maryland after independence. He served from 1777-1779.
Governor of Maryland
–
Former Governor and
Vice President of the United States Spiro Agnew, the highest-ranking government official ever to come from Maryland.
22.
President of the United States
–
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
–
Presidential Seal
President of the United States
–
Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
–
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
23.
Barack Obama
–
Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed many landmark bills. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
Barack Obama
–
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
–
Obama with his half-sister
Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother
Ann Dunham and grandfather
Stanley Dunham, in
Honolulu, Hawaii
Barack Obama
–
Obama and others celebrate the naming of a street in Chicago after
ShoreBank co-founder Milton Davis in 1998
Barack Obama
–
Obama in his official portrait as a member of the United States Senate
24.
Compact Clause
–
Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. The Congress is a legislature consisting of a House of Representatives. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III, the former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government and this separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. The separation of powers principle is particularly noteworthy in regard to the Congress, the Constitution declares that the Congress may exercise only those legislative powers herein granted within Article I. It also, by implied extension, prohibits Congress from delegating its authority to either of the other branches of government. That the power assigned to each branch must remain with that branch, although not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, Congress has also long asserted the power to investigate and the power to compel cooperation with an investigation. The Supreme Court has affirmed these powers as an implication of Congresss power to legislate, since the power to investigate is an aspect of Congresss power to legislate, it is as broad as Congresss powers to legislate. However, it is limited to inquiries that are in aid of the legislative function. The courts are highly deferential to Congresss exercise of its investigation powers, Congress has the power to investigate that which it could regulate, and the courts have interpreted Congresss regulatory powers broadly since the Great Depression. Section Two provides for the election of the House of Representatives every second year, since Representatives are to be chosen. At the time of its creation, the Constitution did not explicitly give citizens an inherent right to vote, rather, it provided that those qualified to vote in elections for the largest chamber of a states legislature may vote in Congressional elections. Since the Civil War, several amendments have been enacted that have curbed the states broad powers to set voter qualification standards. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, the Nineteenth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits the revocation of voting due to the non-payment of a poll tax. The Twenty-sixth Amendment prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, in the 1960s, the Supreme Court started to view voting as a fundamental right covered by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or she represents, although this is usually the case, there have been occasional exceptions
Compact Clause
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Opening of the
112th Congress, House of Representatives chamber, January 5, 2011
Compact Clause
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Gilded Age monopolies could no longer control the U.S. Senate (left) by corrupting state legislatures (right).
Compact Clause
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Republican Senator
Orrin Hatch of Utah, current
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
25.
Dulles Access Road
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State Route 267 is a primary state highway in the US state of Virginia. The combined roadway provides a road for commuting and a free road for access to Washington Dulles International Airport. The Dulles Access Roads median hosts the Silver Line of the Washington Metro for much of the length between Reston and Falls Church, the Dulles Access Road is a four-lane,13. 65-mile highway that runs inside the Dulles Toll Road along its median. The Access Road was built from the Beltway as part of the construction of Dulles Airport and it was extended to I-66 in 1985. The Dulles Airport Access Road can be used only for travel to and from Dulles Airport, since the opening of the Dulles Toll Road, the only major modification to the Access Road was the construction of a flyover exit ramp from the eastbound Access Road to State Route 7. This ramp bypasses congestion associated with the toll plaza, where traffic from Dulles Airport attempts to exit at Route 7. The Dulles Toll Road is an eight-lane,16. 15-mile toll road that runs outside the Dulles Access Road and it was built in 1984 by the Virginia Department of Transportation as a toll highway, because conventional funding was not available. Officially, the road is named the Omer L. Hirst – Adelard L. Brault Expressway, however, the road is rarely referred to by that name. The speed limit is 55 miles per hour, and the construction had two lanes in each direction. A third lane was built to serve HOV traffic in 1992, for a short period between the end of construction and the start of HOV limits, drivers of single passenger vehicles used the lane and contacted government officials opposing the HOV policy. In response, Congress passed special legislation prohibiting the imposition of HOV restrictions on the route, as a compromise to resolve the situation, Virginia decided to lift the HOV restriction and to construct a fourth lane in each direction to serve HOV traffic. However, unlike the third lane, officials did not allow use at the end of construction in 1998. As a practical matter, the right of way could not fit any additional lanes other than the current six in each direction, however, Rep. Frank Wolf again threatened to pass federal legislation prohibiting the fourth lane to be limited to HOV traffic. In 2005, five companies submitted proposals to VDOT to privatize the toll road which included payments to Virginia that could be used for transportation. In response MWAA made its own proposal to take operation of the toll road from VDOT, assuming associated debts. Access Road traffic to State Route 7 gets a separate exit ramp from those of the Toll Road, through December 31,2013, a main toll plaza west of the Beltway interchange collects a $1.75 toll in both directions for two-axle vehicles. Toll booths located on westbound exit ramps and eastbound entrance ramps collect tolls of $1.00, except at the Route 7 interchange, vehicles with more than two axles are charged higher rates. All tollbooths are equipped with electronic toll collection systems which accept E-ZPass, fifty cents of each toll is attributable to the financing of the Silver Line to Dulles Airport
Dulles Access Road
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The main toll plaza of the Dulles Toll Road. At the time this photo was taken, the toll was 75¢. It has since increased.
Dulles Access Road
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State Route 267
Dulles Access Road
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View of Route 267 from the Wiehle Avenue exit
Dulles Access Road
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The main toll plaza of the Dulles Greenway
26.
Police department
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A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the use of force. Law enforcement, however, constitutes part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, in some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Many police forces suffer from police corruption to a greater or lesser degree, the police force is usually a public sector service, meaning they are paid through taxes. Alternative names for police force include constabulary, gendarmerie, police department, police service, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. As police are often interacting with individuals, slang terms are numerous, many slang terms for police officers are decades or centuries old with lost etymology. One of the oldest, cop, has largely lost its slang connotations and this is derived from πόλις, city. Law enforcement in ancient China was carried out by prefects for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period, in Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. Under each prefect were subprefects who helped collectively with law enforcement in the area, some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like modern police detectives. The concept of the system spread to other cultures such as Korea. In ancient Greece, publicly owned slaves were used by magistrates as police, in Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for crowd control, and also assisted with dealing with criminals, handling prisoners, and making arrests. Other duties associated with modern policing, such as investigating crimes, were left to the citizens themselves, in the Roman empire, the army, rather than a dedicated police organization, provided security. Local watchmen were hired by cities to some extra security. Magistrates such as fiscal and quaestors investigated crimes. There was no concept of public prosecution, so victims of crime or their families had to organize and their duties included apprehending thieves and robbers and capturing runaway slaves. The vigiles were supported by the Urban Cohorts who acted as a heavy-duty anti-riot force, in medieval Spain, Santa Hermandades, or holy brotherhoods, peacekeeping associations of armed individuals, were a characteristic of municipal life, especially in Castile. These organizations were intended to be temporary, but became a fixture of Spain
Police department
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German State Police officer in
Hamburg, with the rank of Polizeihauptmeister mit Zulage (Confirmed Police Sergeant Major)
Police department
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The
hermandades of Medieval Spain were formed to protect pilgrims on
the road to
Santiago de Compostela.
Police department
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Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, founder of the first uniformed police force in the world.
Police department
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Patrick Colquhoun, founder of the
Thames River Police.
27.
Virginia State Police
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The agency originated out of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles as an inspector and enforcer of highway laws. It is currently one of fourteen agencies within the Cabinet Secretariat of Public Safety, the Secretary of the Commonwealth continued to be responsible for this regulation. The burden of enforcement remained with Sheriffs and Constables in counties and police officers in the cities, in 1919 the Motor Vehicle Act was passed, creating the first title laws for Virginia motor vehicle owners. In 1932 inspectors became empowered to enforce criminal codes, as well as motor vehicle codes, in doing so legislators created a state enforcement group with the power to arrest anywhere in Virginia. A mobile enforcement agency was now ready for duty wherever civil strife or emergency conditions might exist that would warrant police personnel to ensure peace and it was at this time that inspectors began to be known as Troopers. On November 3,1938, an order from Majors Bishop. The purpose of this was to identify members of the Division of Motor Vehicles performing the role of inspector. On March 14,1942, the General Assembly abolished the existing Division of Motor Vehicles, the act called for a position of superintendent for the State Police and a commissioner for the Division of Motor Vehicles. Major C. W. Woodson Jr. was officially appointed as superintendent for the State Police, training is divided into 4 phases, Phase 1,2 1/2 weeks of training mainly focusing on firearms, defensive tactics and basic law. Phase 2, Probate phase, probates are assigned to an FTO for a minimum of 4 weeks, during this phase probates are exposed to the daily activities and duties of a Virginia State Trooper. Phase 3, This training phase consists of 26 weeks, Phase 4, During this phase new troopers are assigned to an FTO for 6 to 8 weeks. Starting in 2017 Phase 2 will no longer be a part of the training and it will be 29 weeks straight at the academy and then new troopers will be assigned to an FTO for 6 to 8 weeks. The Department of State Police is primarily divided into three bureaus, Bureau of Field Operations, Bureau of Criminal Investigation, and Bureau of Administrative and Support Services. Department of State Police Bureaus Divisions Areas The standard Class A Trooper uniform consists of a gray colored button-up shirt, with long sleeves in winter. A black tie is worn with the long-sleeve shirt, patches are sewn to each sleeve. Gray pants with a Dark Blue stripe down the sides are worn year round, black Clarino shoes and Sam Browne belt, without cross strap, gun belt are worn with the uniform. A black semi-gloss straw Campaign hat is worn year round, a modified winter fur cap can be worn in the colder months. A dark blue blouse and standard black Clarino Sam Browne gun belt
Virginia State Police
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The Virginia State Police are having a lunch break at Santini's right at Oakton, VA (in Fairfax County). One of them drives the Impala and the other drives the Crown Victoria.
Virginia State Police
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Patch of the Virginia Department of State Police
28.
Fairfax County police
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The Fairfax County Police Department is a full-service law enforcement agency, located in Northern Virginia. The FCPD services a population of 1,081,726 residents within 395 square miles of Fairfax County, in the 1920s, the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors began appointing road police, whose job it was to patrol the roads of Fairfax County and arrest traffic violators. The Fairfax County Police Department came into existence July 1,1940, much of the credit for its establishment goes to the man who was then Fairfax County Sheriff, Eppa Kirby, a colorful character who never carried a gun. At the helm was Carl R. McIntosh, a deputy sheriff who became Fairfax County’s first chief of police, Chief McIntosh, five newly sworn police officers, and two clerks became the county’s first police department employees. Three of the new officers were assigned to patrol the county’s roads, millan resigned shortly thereafter to accept a position as a revenue enforcement agent with the US Treasury Departments Prohibition Bureau. Additionally, the detective bureau was consolidated at the FCPD headquarters in Fairfax under Lieutenant Grafton G. Wells. William L. Durrer was appointed as acting chief of police in June 1957 by Fairfax County Executive Carlton C, massey due to the illness of Chief McIntosh. Following Chief McIntoshs resignation in August, Durrer was appointed chief on October 30,1957, joyce A. Harvell was sworn in as the FCPDs first female police officer in July 1957, working with the FCPDs Juvenile Bureau. In July 1967, Christopher Stokes was hired as the departments first black policeman, the department achieved its third reaccreditation from the Virginia Law Enforcement Professional Standards Commission in June 2009. Fairfax County is the first police department in the Commonwealth of Virginia to accomplish this milestone, the current chief of police is Colonel Edwin C. The three main divisions within the department are Patrol, Investigations/Operation, and Administration, each division is commanded by a deputy chief. The Internal Affairs Bureau and the Chiefs Office of Research and Support both report directly to the Chief, the Investigation/Operation Division contains the Motorcycle Squad, SWAT, K-9 Section, EOD, Helicopter Unit, Crime Scene Section and the Criminal Investigations Bureau. Officers in the Motor Section keep traffic moving and control traffic at major incidents and they rely almost exclusively on Harley-Davidson motorcycles to get to the source of traffic problems. Specially trained and certified officers assigned to the Motor Carrier Safety Section inspect trucks and commercial vehicles for safety and they can force unsafe vehicles off the roads. The Crash Reconstruction Unit provides technical expertise and has responsibility for most fatal crashes. The Traffic Safety Services Section acts as the coordination point for all regional and departmental traffic enforcement. Traffic Enforcement Officers address parking issues, the Traffic Division coordinates the Auxiliary Police Officers and Volunteers in Police Service programs. APOs handle both administrative and operational tasks, such as augmenting patrol, traffic control, and taking police reports, VIPS perform primarily administrative tasks throughout the department
Fairfax County police
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Patch of the Fairfax County Police Department
Fairfax County police
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Badge of the Fairfax County Police Department
29.
Arlington County Police Department (Virginia)
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The Arlington County Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency servicing 207,627 people within 26 square miles of jurisdiction within Arlington County, VA. The ACPD was created on February 1,1940 with Harry Woodyard as the first Chief of Police, since the establishment of the Arlington County Police Department,7 officers have died in the line of duty. The Chief of Police is M. Jay Farr and he was appointed by the County Manager in 2015. Crisis Negotiation Unit The Crisis Negotiation Unit is a component of the Emergency Response Team and works as the arm of the Special Weapons. Parking Enforcing Unit The Parking Enforcement Unit is responsible for enforcing the countys parking laws, Special Weapons and Tactics Unit The Special Weapons and Tactics Team is a component of the Emergency Response Team assigned to the Special Operations Section. Traffic Unit The Traffic Unit is committed to maintaining the safe, internal Affairs Investigates allegations of wrongdoing and ethical breaches by officers
Arlington County Police Department (Virginia)
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Arlington County Police Department
30.
The Pentagon
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The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D. C. As a symbol of the U. S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U. S. Department of Defense, the Pentagon was designed by American architect George Bergstrom, and built by general contractor John McShain of Philadelphia. Ground was broken for construction on September 11,1941, General Brehon Somervell provided the major motive power behind the project, Colonel Leslie Groves was responsible for overseeing the project for the U. S. Army. The Pentagon is one of the worlds largest office buildings, with about 6,500,000 sq ft, approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel work in the Pentagon. It has five sides, five floors above ground, two basement levels, and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17.5 mi of corridors. It was the first significant foreign attack on Washingtons governmental facilities since the city was burned by the British, when World War II broke out in Europe, the War Department rapidly expanded in anticipation that the United States would be drawn into the conflict. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson found the situation unacceptable, with the Munitions Building overcrowded, Stimson told U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May 1941 that the War Department needed additional space. On July 17,1941, a hearing took place, organized by Virginia congressman Clifton Woodrum. Reybold agreed to back to the congressman within five days. The War Department called upon its construction chief, General Brehon Somervell, Government officials agreed that the War Department building, officially designated Federal Office Building No 1, should be constructed across the Potomac River, in Arlington County, Virginia. Requirements for the new building were that it be no more than four stories tall, the requirements meant that, instead of rising vertically, the building would be sprawling over a large area. Possible sites for the building included the Department of Agricultures Arlington Experimental Farm, adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery, the site originally chosen was Arlington Farms which had a roughly pentagonal shape, so the building was planned accordingly as an irregular pentagon. Concerned that the new building could obstruct the view of Washington, D. C. from Arlington Cemetery, the building retained its pentagonal layout because a major redesign at that stage would have been costly, and Roosevelt liked the design. Freed of the constraints of the asymmetric Arlington Farms site, it was modified into a pentagon which resembled the star forts of the gunpowder age. While the project went through the process in late July 1941, Somervell selected the contractors, including John McShain, Inc. and Doyle and Russell. In addition to the Hoover Airport site and other government-owned land, construction of the Pentagon required an additional 287 acres, which were acquired at a cost of $2.2 million. The Hells Bottom neighborhood, a slum with numerous pawnshops, factories, approximately 150 homes, Later 300 acres of land were transferred to Arlington National Cemetery and to Fort Myer, leaving 280 acres for the Pentagon. Contracts totaling $31,100,000 were finalized with McShain and the contractors on September 11
The Pentagon
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The Pentagon in January 2008
The Pentagon
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1945 map of the
Pentagon road network, including present-day
State Route 27 and part of the
Shirley Highway, as well as the
Main Navy and Munitions Buildings near the
Lincoln Memorial.
The Pentagon
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Main Navy Building (foreground) and the
Munitions Building were temporary structures built during
World War I on the
National Mall. The Munitions Building served as the Department of War headquarters for several years before moving into the Pentagon.
The Pentagon
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Southwest view of the Pentagon with the
Potomac River and
Washington Monument in background (1998).
