1.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
Heidelberg
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Heidelberg is a college town situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. At the 2015 census, its population was 156,257, located about 78 km south of Frankfurt, Heidelberg is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, founded in 1386, Heidelberg University is Germanys oldest and one of Europes most reputable universities. A scientific hub in Germany, the city of Heidelberg is home to internationally renowned research facilities adjacent to its university. Heidelberg is in the Rhine Rift Valley, on the bank of the lower part of the Neckar in a steep valley in the Odenwald. It is bordered by the Königsstuhl and the Gaisberg mountains, the Neckar here flows in an east-west direction. On the right bank of the river, the Heiligenberg mountain rises to a height of 445 meters, the Neckar flows into the Rhine approximately 22 kilometres north-west in Mannheim. Villages incorporated during the 20th century stretch from the Neckar Valley along the Bergstraße, Heidelberg is on European walking route E1. Alongside the Philosophenweg on the side of the Old Town. There is a population of African rose-ringed parakeets, and a wild population of Siberian swan geese. Heidelberg is an authority within the Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe. The Rhein-Neckar-Kreis rural district surrounds it and has its seat in the town, Heidelberg is a part of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, often referred to as the Rhein-Neckar Triangle. The Rhein-Neckar Triangle became a European metropolitan area in 2005, Heidelberg consists of 15 districts distributed in six sectors of the town. The new district will have approximately 5, 000–6,000 residents, Heidelberg has an oceanic climate, defined by the protected valley between the Pfälzerwald and the Odenwald. Year-round, the temperatures are determined by maritime air masses coming from the west. In contrast to the nearby Upper Rhine Plain, Heidelbergs position in the leads to more frequent easterly winds than average. The hillsides of the Odenwald favour clouding and precipitation, the warmest month is July, the coldest is January. Temperatures often rise beyond 30 °C in midsummer, according to the German Meteorological Service, Heidelberg was the warmest place in Germany in 2009
3.
West Germany
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West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border, after 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states and this period is referred to as the Bonn Republic by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic. The Federal Republic of Germany was established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France, US and British forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Its population grew from roughly 51 million in 1950 to more than 63 million in 1990, the city of Bonn was its de facto capital city. The fourth Allied occupation zone was held by the Soviet Union, as a result, West Germany had a territory about half the size of the interbellum democratic Weimar Republic. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs, Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories, the Saarland and divided Berlin. The Federal Republic of Germany claimed a mandate for all of Germany. It took the line that the GDR was an illegally constituted puppet state, though the GDR did hold regular elections, these were not free and fair. For all practical purposes the GDR was a Soviet puppet state, from the West German perspective the GDR was therefore illegitimate. Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952, in addition to the resulting ten states, West Berlin was considered an unofficial de facto 11th state. It recognised the GDR as a de facto government within a single German nation that in turn was represented de jure by the West German state alone. From 1973 onward, East Germany recognised the existence of two German countries de jure, and the West as both de facto and de jure foreign country, the Federal Republic and the GDR agreed that neither of them could speak in the name of the other. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for an alignment with NATO rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union, when the G6 was established in 1975, there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well. With the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the Federal Republic in 1990. Its five post-war states were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin and they formally joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990, raising the number of states from 10 to 16, ending the division of Germany
4.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
5.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
6.
Lisbon
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Lisbon is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km². Its urban area extends beyond the administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people. About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and it is continental Europes westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean, the westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe. Lisbon is recognised as a city because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education. It is one of the economic centres on the continent, with a growing financial sector. Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually, as of 2015, and the motorway network, the city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe, after Istanbul, Rome, Barcelona, Madrid, Athens and Milan, with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009. The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any region in Portugal. Its GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $32,434 per capita, the city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world. Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area and it is also the political centre of the country, as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State. Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world, julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia, adding to the name Olissipo. Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century, in 1147, the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political, economic and cultural centre of Portugal. Unlike most capital cities, Lisbons status as the capital of Portugal has never been granted or confirmed officially – by statute or in written form. Its position as the capital has formed through constitutional convention, making its position as de facto capital a part of the Constitution of Portugal. It has one of the warmest winters of any metropolis in Europe, the typical summer season lasts about four months, from June to September, although also in April temperatures sometimes reach around 25 °C. Although modern archaeological excavations show a Phoenician presence at this location since 1200 BC, another conjecture based on ancient hydronymy suggests that the name of the settlement derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus, Lisso or Lucio. Lisbons name was written Ulyssippo in Latin by the geographer Pomponius Mela and it was later referred to as Olisippo by Pliny the Elder and by the Greeks as Olissipo or Olissipona. The Indo-European Celts invaded in the 1st millennium BC, mixing with the Pre-Indo-European population and this indigenous settlement maintained commercial relations with the Phoenicians, which would account for the recent findings of Phoenician pottery and other material objects
7.
Portugal
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Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, to the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 kilometres long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union, the republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. The territory of modern Portugal has been settled, invaded. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and the Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic, in 711 the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by the Moors, making Portugal part of Muslim Al Andalus. Portugal was born as result of the Christian Reconquista, and in 1139, Afonso Henriques was proclaimed King of Portugal, in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the worlds major economic, political and military powers. Portugal monopolized the trade during this time, and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories, Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today. Portugal is a country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard. It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world, maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and it has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization, as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for use in 2001. The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe, the name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlements, which were found in Alenquer, Coimbra, the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Neanderthals and then by Homo sapiens, who roamed the border-less region of the northern Iberian peninsula. These were subsistence societies that, although they did not establish prosperous settlements, neolithic Portugal experimented with domestication of herding animals, the raising of some cereal crops and fluvial or marine fishing. Chief among these tribes were the Calaicians or Gallaeci of Northern Portugal, the Lusitanians of central Portugal, the Celtici of Alentejo, a few small, semi-permanent, commercial coastal settlements were also founded in the Algarve region by Phoenicians-Carthaginians. Romans first invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 219 BC, during the last days of Julius Caesar, almost the entire peninsula had been annexed to the Roman Republic. The Carthaginians, Romes adversary in the Punic Wars, were expelled from their coastal colonies and it suffered a severe setback in 150 BC, when a rebellion began in the north
8.
Drama Centre London
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Drama Centre London is a British drama school in Kings Cross, London, where it recently moved after a major reshaping of the university. The school is part of Central Saint Martins, a constituent college of the University of the Arts London and is a member of Drama UK, the BA and MA Acting courses, offered by the school, are accredited by Drama UK. Drama Centre London was founded in 1963 by a group of teachers and students from the Central School of Speech and Drama, led by John Blatchley, Yat Malmgren. The school was located originally on Prince of Wales Road, Chalk Farm, since 1999, it has operated as an integral school of Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, offering degree programmes in acting, directing and screenwriting. A principal aim in the founding of the school was to bring some of the developments in American and European theatre to the training of British. The schools work also draws on the English tradition, particularly that of Joan Littlewood and these approaches are taught as part of the Western theatrical tradition that began with the Greeks, on which the school places great emphasis. When the school was founded, it was the drama school in the country to have an acting class. Because of its rigor, the nickname is Trauma Center. The school offers a theatre-based training incorporating both modern and classical texts, and also prepares actors for the demands of screen acting, for which it has a two-year postgraduate course. The Drama Centre has always had an international outlook and was the first British drama school to introduce some of the classics of the European repertoire, Spanish, German. Today, this tradition continues and is reflected in a spectrum of international links. The Platform Theatre is a receiving and producing theatre situated in the Central Saint Martins complex at Kings Cross, the theatre holds 360 in a variety of configurations, has an orchestra pit and a full flying tower and is equipped to high professional standards. The theatre aims to present all aspects of the performing arts, productions by students of Drama Centre London are presented here, as is work by students of other colleges of the University of the Arts, London
9.
St. Brendan's College, Killarney
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St. Brendans College, known locally as The Sem, is a secondary school in Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland. St. Brendans is a Catholic Diocesan College, founded in 1860 by Bishop David Moriarty as a boarding, michael Barry, a renowned Professor of Rhetoric at All Hallows College. Barry to return to Dublin and Fr, the first principal to have the title ‘President’ was Fr. The College began in a room on the ground floor of the newly built Bishop’s House. After the opening of the Presentation Monastery in 1861 some students lodged there, the land was rented from Lord Kenmare at a ‘peppercorn’ rent. Gradually new classrooms and dormitories were built, further extensions followed in the 1930s, 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. By the 1970s the designation ‘seminary’ was no longer used and the official title became ‘St. Brendan’s College’. However, the college is known locally as ‘The Sem. ’ In 1971 Dr. Tadhg McCurtin became the first lay vice- principal. In 1997 the first lay-principal, Mr. Tony Behan, was appointed, larry Kelly was President/Rector until the boarding school closed in 1999. He was the last in a succession of eighteen clerical presidents, in 1997 the college opened its doors to girls who wished to repeat the Leaving Cert. Until the late 1960s diocesan clergy mainly staffed the College, a priest acted as President and school-principal. Gradually the number of lay-teachers increased and the last priest finished teaching in the College in 2006, the current principal is Mr. Sean Coffey. The “Sem” has a proud sporting heritage in many codes with Gaelic Football being its most prominent, St Brendans is one of the leading football schools in Kerry and Ireland and has served as a footballing nursery for a number of Kerry GAA players. St. Brendans currently holds the record of most Munster Senior Football Titles won, the school has also won nine Frewen Cups and seven Moran Cups. The school achieved a double in these competitions in 2007, the school won the Hogan Cup on three occasions in 1969,1992 and 2016. St. Brendan’s also takes part in Kerry Colleges competitions at Senior, U16½, U15, in more recent times Basketball has come to rival football in sporting success. The “Sem” plays in the South West Region at U19, U16, Second Year, the school also takes part in national cup competition for the U19 and U16 age groups. The school has won four All-Ireland Titles to date,1988 U19,2005 U16 National Cup, First Year in 2006 followed by the Second Year title in 2007
10.
Ireland
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Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time
11.
Alicia Vikander
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Alicia Amanda Vikander is a Swedish actress and former dancer. Vikander made her film debut in Pure, for which she won the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress. She went on to star in the 2013 Swedish drama film Hotell, Vikander was born in Gothenburg, the daughter of Maria Fahl Vikander, a stage actor, and Svante Vikander, a psychiatrist. Her parents are from small villages in the north and south of Sweden and they separated when Vikander was two months old, and she was mostly raised by her single mother. She has five half-siblings on her fathers side, Vikander has said that she had the best of both worlds growing up, being an only child to her mother and being surrounded by a big family when she went to her father’s house every second week. Her ancestry is Swedish and one quarter Finnish and she appeared in several musicals at the Opera, such as The Sound of Music and Les Misérables. In 1997 she participated in the TV4 kids singing show Småstjärnorna and she won her episode with praise by the judges for her stage presence. Vikander trained in ballet from the age of nine with the Svenska Balettskolan i Göteborg, at the age of 15, Vikander moved from Gothenburg to train at the ballets upper school in Stockholm, she lived on her own, working to become a principal dancer. She traveled around the world for summer courses, training one summer at the School of American Ballet in New York City. At the age of 16, she almost left school to commit fully to the series she worked on with director Tomas Alfredson. Her dance career was sidelined by injuries in her late teens and she auditioned for drama school but was turned down twice. At one point, Vikander was admitted to law school but she never attended, Vikander began her career by appearing in a number of short films and television roles in her native Sweden. She became well known in Scandinavia for her role in the popular Swedish TV drama Andra Avenyn, Vikander received critical acclaim for her feature film debut, playing the leading role of Katarina in the Swedish film Pure. The film centers around the troubled secretary Katarina, who tries to escape her life. In 2011, she had the role of Fragancia Fernandez. In 2012, Vikander gained international attention for playing the key role of Kitty in the English-language film adaptation of Anna Karenina, the film premiered at the 2012 Toronto Film Festival and received positive reviews. That year, she added Danish to her repertoire while co-starring as Queen Caroline Mathilde in the Nikolaj Arcel feature film A Royal Affair and it had its world premiere at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival and was received with critical acclaim. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards
12.
300 (film)
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300 is a 2006 American epic fantasy war film based on the 1998 comic series of the same name by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley. Both are fictionalized retellings of the Battle of Thermopylae within the Persian Wars, the film was directed by Zack Snyder, while Miller served as executive producer and consultant. It was filmed mostly with a chroma key technique, to help replicate the imagery of the original comic book. The plot revolves around King Leonidas, who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian god-King Xerxes, as the battle rages, Queen Gorgo attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios. Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing 300 within the genre of historical fantasy, the events are revealed to be a story told by Delios, the only one of the 300 Spartans to survive the battle. 300 was released in conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9,2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc. A sequel, entitled Rise of an Empire, which is based on Millers unpublished graphic novel prequel Xerxes, was released on March 7,2014. In 479 BC, one year after the famed Battle of Thermopylae, Dilios, the Ephors consult the Oracle, who decrees that Sparta will not go to war during the Carneia. As Leonidas angrily departs, a messenger from Xerxes appears, rewarding the Ephors for their covert support, at Thermopylae, they construct the wall made up of stones and slain Persian scouts as mortar, angering the Persian Emissary. Stelios, an elite Spartan soldier, orders him to go back to the Persian lines, meanwhile, Leonidas encounters Ephialtes, a deformed Spartan whose parents fled Sparta to spare him certain infanticide. Ephialtes asks to redeem his fathers name by joining Leonidas army, warning him of a path the Persians could use to outflank. Though sympathetic, Leonidas rejects him since his deformity physically prevents him from holding his shield high enough, potentially compromising the phalanx formation, the battle begins soon after the Spartans refusal to lay down their weapons. Using the Hot Gates to their advantage, as well as their superior fighting skills, in response, Xerxes sends in his elite guard, the Immortals, later that night. Despite some Spartans being killed, they defeat the Immortals. On the second day, Xerxes sends in new waves of armies from Asia and other Persian city-states, including war elephants, to crush the Spartans once and for all, but to no avail. Meanwhile, Ephialtes defects to Xerxes to whom he reveals the secret path in exchange for wealth, luxury, the Arcadians retreat upon learning of Ephialtes betrayal, but the Spartans stay. Leonidas orders an injured but reluctant Dilios to return to Sparta and tell them of what has happened, in Sparta, Queen Gorgo tries to persuade the Spartan Council to send reinforcements to aid the 300
13.
Sparta
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Sparta was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon, while the name Sparta referred to its settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece, given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars. Between 431 and 404 BC, Sparta was the enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Spartas defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Spartas prominent role in Greece, however, it maintained its political independence until the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC. It then underwent a period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages. Modern Sparta is the capital of the Greek regional unit of Laconia, Sparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military training and excellence. Its inhabitants were classified as Spartiates, mothakes, perioikoi, Spartiates underwent the rigorous agoge training and education regimen, and Spartan phalanges were widely considered to be among the best in battle. Spartan women enjoyed more rights and equality to men than elsewhere in the classical world. Sparta was the subject of fascination in its own day, as well as in the West following the revival of classical learning and this love or admiration of Sparta is known as Laconism or Laconophilia. At its peak around 500 BC the size of the city would have been some 20,000 –35,000 free residents, plus numerous helots, olliers theory of the Spartan mirage has been widely accepted by scholars. The ancient Greeks used one of three words to refer to the location of the Spartans. The first refers primarily to the cluster of settlements in the valley of the Eurotas River. The second word was Lacedaemon, this was used sometimes as an adjective and is the name commonly used in the works of Homer. Herodotus seems to denote by it the Mycenaean Greek citadel at Therapne and it could be used synonymously with Sparta, but typically it was not. It denoted the terrain on which Sparta was situated, in Homer it is typically combined with epithets of the countryside, wide, lovely, shining and most often hollow and broken. The hollow suggests the Eurotas Valley, Sparta on the other hand is the country of lovely women, a people epithet. The name of the population was used for the state of Lacedaemon
14.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
15.
Band of Brothers (miniseries)
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Band of Brothers is a 2001 American war drama miniseries based on historian Stephen E. Ambroses 1992 non-fiction book of the same name. The executive producers were Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks, who had collaborated on the 1998 World War II film Saving Private Ryan, the episodes first aired in 2001 on HBO. The series won Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2001 for best miniseries, the series dramatizes the history of Easy Company from jump training in the United States through its participation in major actions in Europe, and up until Japans capitulation and wars end. The events portrayed are based on Ambroses research and recorded interviews with Easy Company veterans, the series took literary license, adapting the recorded history for the purposes of dramatic effect and series structure. All of the characters portrayed are based on members of Easy Company, some of the men were recorded in contemporary interviews, which viewers see as preludes to each episode. The mens identities are not revealed until the finale, the title for the book and the series comes from the St Crispins Day Speech in William Shakespeares play Henry V, delivered by Henry V of England before the Battle of Agincourt. Ambrose quotes a passage from the speech on his books first page, Band of Brothers is a dramatized account of Easy Company, assigned to the United States Armys 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Over the course of ten episodes, the details the companys exploits during the war. It includes the taking of the Eagles Nest at Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden, Major Richard Winters is the central character featured, shown working to accomplish the missions and keep his men together and safe. While the series features an ensemble cast, each episode generally focuses on a single character. As the series is based on events, the fates of the characters conform to the persons from which they are drawn. Their experiences and the moral, mental, and physical hurdles they must overcome are central to the story, the series was developed chiefly by Tom Hanks and Erik Jendresen, who spent months detailing the plot outline and individual episodes. Steven Spielberg served as the eye and used Saving Private Ryan. Accounts of Easy Company veterans such as Donald Malarkey were incorporated into production to add historic detail, Band of Brothers was the most expensive television miniseries made by HBO or any other television network when it was created. This record was superseded by the series 2010 sister show, The Pacific, the budget for Band of Brothers was approximately $125 million, which comes to an average of $12.5 million per episode. An additional $15 million was allocated for the campaign, which included hosting screenings for World War II veterans. One of those screenings was held at Utah Beach, Normandy, on June 7,2001,47 Easy Company veterans were flown to Paris and then travelled by chartered train to the site, where the series premiered. Also sponsoring the miniseries was Chrysler, as its Jeeps were used to great extent in the series, Chrysler spent $5 to $15 million on its advertising campaign, based on and using footage from Band of Brothers
16.
Sky One
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Sky 1 is the British flagship channel operated and owned by Sky plc. It is the entertainment channel operated in the United Kingdom. Sky 1 launched across Europe on 26 April 1982 by founder Connor Baskey as Satellite Television and is the oldest non-terrestrial TV channel in the United Kingdom. In the UK, the channel is available via satellite on Sky, digital cable on Virgin Media, IPTV on TalkTalk TV. In Ireland, the channel is available via Sky Ireland, Virgin Media Ireland, on 27 June 1983, the shareholders of Satellite Television agreed a £5 million offer to give News International 65% of the company. Murdoch extended the broadcast hours and the number of countries the station broadcast to including the United Kingdom, on 16 January 1984 the channel was renamed Sky Channel. On 8 June 1988, Murdoch announced his plans to expand Skys service to four channels, the show had a mix of entertainment, gossip, fashion, etc. The Channel continued with the childrens programmes, soaps, and US action series. On 31 July 1989, the channel was renamed Sky One and closed in most European countries, broadcasting to only the United Kingdom, in 1990 Sky One begin to acquire more recent programming, an early success being Moonlighting, which the BBC had previously screened but not repeated. Sky One also picked new programming such as The Simpsons,21 Jump Street and the last series of Falcon Crest, the channel also commissioned a number of home grown programmes while also expanding its Australian television series to include E Street, Chances and Paradise Beach. In contrast to the Sky2 that was relaunched, this channel featured even more first-run programmes. In 2000, a feed of Sky One for Ireland was launched. For most of this Irish feeds existence, the difference between it and the United Kingdom feed has been differing commercials and programme promotions. In June 2003, the channel started broadcasting in 16,9 widescreen, however, all TV commercials were broadcast in 4,3 until November 2005, because they were played off the same servers for all Sky channels, many of which were not broadcast in widescreen. On 21 September 2004, Sky One Mix was subsequently renamed Sky Mix, on 31 October 2005, Sky Mix was renamed as Sky Two with the launch of a second sister channel Sky Three. An on-screen message instead appears redirecting viewers to Sky 1, to coincide with launch of Sky HD, Sky 1 HD began broadcasting on 22 May 2006. Programmes that are not available in HD are upscaled, a new Sky 1 HD logo was introduced along with the rebrand on 31 August 2008. On 1 October 2010, Sky 1 HD launched on Virgin Media channel 122, with Sky 2 moving to channel 123 and Sky 3 moving to channel 180 on 22 September 2010, to make way for the new channel
17.
Hex (TV series)
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Hex is a British television programme developed by Shine Limited and aired on the Sky One satellite channel. The story is set in a remote English boarding school with a mysterious past, Series one explores the supernatural relationship between a Fallen Angel named Azazeal and a student called Cassie who is also a witch. In the second series the story centres on 500-year-old anointed one Ella Dee, both series of the show are currently available on Region 2 DVD, with the first series released on Region 1 DVD in June 2007. The show was cancelled in April 2006 after the end of the second series, from its outset, Hex appears to be the story of Cassie Hughes, an attractive but withdrawn young woman who enrolls at the school but cant quite seem to fit into the social milieu. The second series shifts the focus from the departing Cassie Hughes to a new heroine, Hex is set at a remote English school, Medenham Hall, which occupies the former manor house and grounds of the McBain estate. It was the site of an 18th-century witchcraft scandal in which the members of the line. Her roommate, Thelma, discovers that Cassie is a descendant of the Medenham Witches, Cassie is stalked by a dangerous looking stranger who calls himself Azazeal. Initially glimpsed fleetingly, he becomes increasingly bold, even entering into the rooms later in the series without warning or permission. Azazeal is revealed to be the leader of the biblical Nephilim, fallen angels and he has had previous relationships with schoolmistress Jo Watkins and Cassies own mother, which may have contributed to her mental illness. Frustrated by his inability to convince Cassie that his claims are sincere, Azazeal kills Thelma before Cassies eyes as a sacrifice to increase his power and prove that he is truly who he says he is. Thelma never forgives Azazeal for her own death, and is a voice against him to Cassie. Thelma is unable to touch the living, but she can touch other ghosts and presumably manipulate inanimate objects and eat, Thelma works behind the scenes to spy on Azazeal and gather evidence from places where Cassie cannot enter. Cassie, while horrified by some of Azazeals behaviour, ultimately finds herself drawn into his power, Azazeal possesses Cassie, and while under his power, she gives herself to him and they conceive a child. If the child is born, the veil will be torn, if the pregnancy is terminated, the veil will heal, preventing the Nephilim from returning and leaving Azazeal the only one of his kind in our world. But there is an effect, ghosts will also vanish from this world. Cassie, after much convincing from Thelma decides that her fetus must be aborted, a week after conception, the doctors believe she is nearing the end of her second trimester. Thelma assists Cassie, without telling her that success means that she may never see Cassie again, Azazeal tries to interfere and save his son, but Cassie goes through with the abortion. or so she thinks. When Thelma realizes that Cassie can still see her, Thelma knows that something has not gone right, Cassie discovers weeks later that the doctor who performed her procedure has been influenced by Azazeal, and that the baby is alive and in Azazeals care
18.
Provisional Irish Republican Army
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It was the biggest and most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the successor to the original IRA and called simply the Irish Republican Army. It was also referred to as such by others. The Provisional IRA emerged in December 1969, following a split in the republican movement, the IRA initially focused on defence, but it began an offensive campaign in 1971. The IRAs primary goal was to force the British to negotiate a withdrawal from Northern Ireland and it used guerrilla tactics against the British Army and RUC in both rural and urban areas. It also carried out a campaign in Northern Ireland and England against what it saw as political. The IRA called a ceasefire in July 1997, after Sinn Féin was re-admitted into the Northern Ireland peace talks. It supported the 1998 Good Friday Agreement and in 2005 it disarmed under international supervision, the campaign was supported by arms and funding from Libya and from some Irish American groups. As a result, the IRA launched a new strategy known as the Long War and this saw them conduct a war of attrition against the British and increased emphasis on political activity, via the political party Sinn Féin. The success of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in mobilising support and winning elections led to the Armalite and ballot box strategy, with more time, the British demand was quickly dropped after the May 1997 general election in the UK. The IRA ceasefire was reinstated in July 1997 and Sinn Féin was admitted into all-party talks. The IRAs armed campaign, primarily in Northern Ireland but also in England and mainland Europe, the dead included around 1,100 members of the British security forces, and about 640 civilians. The IRA itself lost 275–300 members and an estimated 10,000 imprisoned at times over the 30-year period. The organisation remains classified as a proscribed terrorist group in the UK, two small groups split from the Provisional IRA, the Continuity IRA in 1986, and the Real IRA in 1997. Both reject the Good Friday Agreement and continue to engage in paramilitary activity and this new IRA group is estimated by Police Service of Northern Ireland intelligence sources to have between 250 and 300 active militants and many more supporting associates. The Provisional IRA was organised hierarchically, at the top of the organisation was the IRA Army Council, headed by the IRA Chief of Staff. All levels of the organisation were entitled to send delegates to IRA General Army Conventions, the GAC was the IRAs supreme decision-making authority. Since 1969, there have only three, in 1970,1986, and 2005, owing to the difficulty in organising such a large gathering of an illegal organisation in secret
19.
Bobby Sands
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Robert Gerard Sands, commonly known as Bobby Sands, was an Irish member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze. He was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status, during his strike he was elected to the British Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate. His death and those of nine other hunger strikers were followed by a new surge of Provisional IRA recruitment, International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and the Republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism. Sands was born in 1954 to Roman Catholic parents, John and Rosaleen, after marrying, they relocated to the new development of Abbots Cross, Newtownabbey, County Antrim outside North Belfast. Sands was the eldest of four children and his younger sisters, Marcella and Bernadette, were born in 1955 and 1958, respectively. He also had a brother, John. Despite always having had Protestant friends, Sands suddenly found that none of them would even speak to him and he left school in 1969 at age 15, and enrolled in Newtownabbey Technical College, beginning an apprenticeship as a coach builder at Alexanders Coach Works in 1970. He was eventually confronted after leaving his shift in January 1971 by a number of his colleagues wearing the armbands of the local Ulster loyalist tartan gang. He was held at gunpoint and told that Alexanders was off-limits to Fenian scum and this event, by Sandss admission, proved to be the point at which he decided that militancy was the only solution. He attended his first Provisional IRA meeting in Twinbrook that month, by 1973, almost every Catholic family had been driven out of Rathcoole by violence and intimidation. In 1972, Sands joined the Provisional IRA and he was arrested and charged in October 1972 with possession of four handguns found in the house where he was staying. Sands was convicted in April 1973, sentenced to five years imprisonment, upon his release, he returned to his family home in West Belfast, and resumed his active role in the Provisional IRA. Sands and Joe McDonnell planned the October 1976 bombing of the Balmoral Furniture Company in Dunmurry, the showroom was destroyed but as the IRA men left the scene there was a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Leaving behind two wounded, Seamus Martin and Gabriel Corbett, the four tried to escape by car. One of the used in the attack was found in the car. In 1977 the four were sentenced to 14 years for possession of the revolver and they were not charged with explosive offences. Immediately after his sentence, Sands was implicated in a ruckus and spent the first 22 days on boards in Crumlin Road Prison,15 days naked, and a No.1 starvation diet every three days. In late 1980 Sands was chosen as Officer Commanding of the Provisional IRA prisoners in Long Kesh, Republican prisoners organised a series of protests seeking to regain their previous Special Category Status which would free them from some ordinary prison regulations
20.
Hunger (2008 film)
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Hunger is a 2008 British-Irish historical drama film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Michael Fassbender, Liam Cunningham, and Liam McMahon, about the 1981 Irish hunger strike. It was written by Enda Walsh and McQueen and it premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, winning the prestigious Caméra dOr award for first-time filmmakers. The film was nominated for eight awards at the 2009 IFTAs. It dramatises events in the Maze Prison in the leading up to the hunger strike. Prison officer Raymond Lohan prepares to work, he cleans his bloodied knuckles, checks his car for bombs, puts his uniform on. Davey Gillen, a new IRA prisoner, arrives, he is categorised as a prisoner for his refusal to wear the prison uniform. He is sent to his cell naked with only a blanket and his cellmate, Gerry Sands, has smeared the walls with faeces from floor to ceiling as part of the no wash protest. The two men get to each other and we see them living within the cell. Gerrys girlfriend sneaks a radio in by wrapping it and keeping it in her vagina, Prison officers forcibly and violently remove the prisoners from their cells and beat them before pinning them down to cut their long hair and beards, grown as part of the no-wash protest. The prisoners resist, Sands spitting into Lohans face, who responds by punching him in the face and then again, only to miss and punch the wall. He cuts Sands hair and beard, the men throw Sands in the bathtub and scrub him clean before hauling him away again, Lohan is then seen smoking a cigarette, as in the opening scenes, his hand bloodied. Later, the prisoners are out of their cells and given second-hand civilian clothing. The guards are seen snickering as they are handed to the prisoners who respond, after Sands initial action, by tearing up the clothes, for the next interaction with the prisoners, a large number of riot police are seen coming into the prison on a truck. Lohan and several of his colleagues then probe first their anuses and then their mouths, one prisoner head-butts a guard and is beaten brutally by a riot officer. One of the officers is seen crying while his colleagues, on the other side of the wall. Lohan visits his mother in a retirement home. He is shot in the back of the head by an IRA assassin, Sands meets Father Dominic Moran and discusses the morality of a hunger strike. Sands tells the priest about a trip to Donegal where he and his friends found a foal by a stream that had cut itself on the rocks and broken its back legs
21.
British Independent Film Awards
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The British Independent Film Awards is an organisation that celebrates, supports and promotes British independent cinema and filmmaking talent. Nominations for the awards ceremony are announced in early November. Since 2015, BIFA has also hosted UK–wide talent development and film screening programmes with the support of Creative Skillset and the BFI. BIFA founding members include Phillip Alberstat, Chris Auty, André Burgess, Sally Caplan, Pippa Cross, Christopher Fowler, Lora Fox Gamble, Steven Gaydos, Norma Heyman, the first BIFA ceremony took place on the 29th October 1998. Winners included Ken Loach, Shane Meadows and Ray Winstone, the Special Jury Prize was awarded to Nik Powell, and the Best British Independent Film award went to My Name is Joe. The BIFA ceremony takes place in early December every year and is one of the first dates in the awards season. Most of the categories are for British independent feature films only, though there are awards for Best International Independent Film. There are also several awards, such as the Special Jury Prize, the Richard Harris Award. Main categories, Films must be over 70 minutes in length, Films must have had a public screening to a paying audience, either on general release in the UK or at a British film festival or at one of BIFAs recognised international festivals. Must be produced or majority co-produced by a British production company, where there is a major studio substantially funding a film, the total budget must not exceed $20 million. BIFA has a pool of voters that consists of past BIFA winners and nominees, top British film industry professionals. Although the pool is continually growing, fewer than 200 voters vote for the nominations in any one year, all entered films must be seen by a minimum number of voters and discussed at a voter meeting before being marked as having been given fair consideration. In calculating the results, BIFA takes into account the number of voters who have seen each film as well as how many voted for it, the winners in most categories are decided by independent juries, newly–appointed each year. Juries meet to discuss all nominations before voting confidentially for the winner, exceptions include the honorary awards and the award for Best British Independent Film, the winner of which is decided by a confidential vote amongst all BIFA voters. Sessions included The Lobster with production designer Jaqueline Abrahams, The Selfish Giant with casting director Amy Hubbard, BIFA Presents is an ongoing project wherein BIFA supports the theatrical distribution of award-nominated and -winning films with special preview and event screenings. In February 2017, BIFA Presents hosted exclusive previews of the Oscar-winning Moonlight in conjunction with Everyman Cinemas, BIFA Independents is a series of regular screenings of films featuring BIFA-winning and nominated talent. The first BIFA Independents screening was in December 2016, featuring Andrea Arnolds Best British Independent Film-winning American Honey
22.
Fish Tank (film)
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Fish Tank is a 2009 British drama film written and directed by Andrea Arnold. The film is about Mia Williams, a volatile and socially isolated 15-year-old who lives with her single mother, the mothers new boyfriend, Conor, becomes attracted to Mia and has sex with her. Fish Tank was well-received and won the Jury Prize at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and it also won the 2010 BAFTA for Best British Film. It was filmed in the Mardyke Estate in Havering, the town of Tilbury, and the A13, and funded by BBC Films, the film was theatrically released on 11 September 2009 by Curzon Artificial Eye. Mia Williams is a volatile and socially isolated 15-year-old and she lives on an East London council estate with her single mother, Joanne, and younger sister, Tyler, and is highly antagonistic toward both of them. Mia is a loner, appearing to have had an out with her best friend Keely. She provokes Keelys other friends, criticises their dance routine, Mia regularly practises hip-hop dance alone in a deserted flat. Near the estate, Mia comes across a skinny, tethered horse in a Traveller encampment and she tries to free it, only to be caught, taunted, and assaulted by two young men, the horses owners. A third young man, Billy, the brother of the two, is more sympathetic. He shows kindness towards Mia and explains that the horse is old, Joannes new boyfriend, Conor OReily, is a charming and handsome Irishman. He complements Mia on her dance moves, invites Mia and Tyler to come with him and he introduces them to his favourite song, Bobby Womacks version of California Dreamin, and shows Mia how to catch a fish using noodling. Although Mia is abrupt with Conor, she appears to be intrigued by him, at an internet café, Mia watches amateur breakdancing videos on YouTube. As she is leaving, she finds and steals a flyer for a club seeking dancers, Keelys friends enter and they exchange taunts. Accompanying Billy, she sneaks into a junkyard where he steals a car engine part, Mia visits Conor at work, as a security guard at a hardware store. Conor encourages Mia to apply for the dancing audition and he lends her a video camera to record an audition tape. Their interactions continue to be flirtatious, after giving Mia the camera, Conor puts on cologne and leans into Mia while asking what she thinks of it before suddenly administering a spanking for running off when a social worker visited. One night Mia secretly witnesses Conor and Joanne having sex, Mia then goes back to her room and slams the door several times. Mia sends in her tape and is invited by the club to perform in person, late one night, with Joanne passed out drunk upstairs, and after Mia and Conor have both been drinking, he asks to see her dance routine in the living room
23.
Royal Marines
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The Corps of Royal Marines is the United Kingdoms amphibious light infantry force, forming part of the Naval Service, along with the Royal Navy. The Royal Marines were formed in 1755 as the Royal Navys infantry troops, as a highly specialised and adaptable light infantry force, the Royal Marines are trained for rapid deployment worldwide and capable of dealing with a wide range of threats. The Royal Marines have close ties with allied marine forces, particularly the United States Marine Corps. Today, the Royal Marines are a fighting force within the British Armed forces. The Royal Marines can trace its origins back as far as 28 October 1664 when at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company the Duke of York and Albanys maritime regiment of foot was first formed. On 5 April 1755, His Majestys Marine Forces, fifty Companies in three Divisions, headquartered at Chatham, Portsmouth, and Plymouth, were formed by Order of Council under Admiralty control. Initially all field officers were Royal Navy officers as the Royal Navy felt that the ranks of Marine field officers were largely honorary and this meant that the furthest a Marine officer could advance was to lieutenant colonel. It was not until 1771 that the first Marine was promoted to colonel and this attitude persisted well into the 1800s. During the rest of the 18th century, they served in numerous landings all over the world and they also served in the American War of Independence, being particularly courageous in the Battle of Bunker Hill led by Major John Pitcairn. In 1788 a detachment of four companies of marines, under Major Robert Ross, due to an error the Fleet left Portsmouth without its main supply of ammunition, and were not resupplied until the Fleet docked in Rio de Janeiro midway through the voyage. In 1802, largely at the instigation of Admiral the Earl St. Vincent, the Royal Marines Artillery was formed as a separate unit in 1804 to man the artillery in bomb ketches. These had been manned by the Armys Royal Regiment of Artillery, during the Napoleonic Wars the Royal Marines participated in every notable naval battle on board the Royal Navys ships and also took part in multiple amphibious actions. In the Caribbean theatre volunteers from freed French slaves on Marie-Galante were used to form Sir Alexander Cochranes first Corps of Colonial Marines and these men bolstered the ranks, helping the British to hold the island until reinforcements arrived. This practice was repeated during the War of 1812, where escaped American slaves were formed into Cochranes second Corps of Colonial Marines and these men were commanded by Royal Marines officers and fought alongside their regular Royal Marines counterparts at the Battle of Bladensburg. Throughout the war Royal Marines units raided up and down the east coast of America including up the Penobscot River and they fought in the Battle of New Orleans and later helped capture Fort Bowyer in Mobile Bay in what was the last action of the war. In 1855 the Infantry forces were renamed the Royal Marines Light Infantry, during the Crimean War in 1854 and 1855, three Royal Marines earned the Victoria Cross, two in the Crimea and one in the Baltic. In 1862 the name was altered to Royal Marine Light Infantry. The Royal Navy did not fight any other ships after 1850, in these Naval Brigades, the function of the Royal Marines was to land first and act as skimishers ahead of the sailor Infantry and Artillery
24.
Lieutenant
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A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations armed forces, fire service or police. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different military formations, but is often subdivided into senior and junior ranks, in navies it is often equivalent to the army rank of captain, it may also indicate a particular post rather than a rank. The rank is used in fire services, emergency medical services, security services. Lieutenant may also appear as part of a used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is second-in-command, and as such, for example, a lieutenant master is likely to be second-in-command to the master in an organisation using both ranks. Political uses include lieutenant governor in various governments, and Quebec lieutenant in Canadian politics, in the United Kingdom, a lord lieutenant is the sovereigns representative in a county or lieutenancy area, while a deputy lieutenant is one of the lord lieutenants deputies. However, their efforts failed, and the French word is used, along with its many variations. The early history of the pronunciation is unclear, Middle English spellings suggest that the /luː-/ and /lɛf-/ pronunciations may have existed even then. The rare Old French variant spelling luef for Modern French lieu supports the suggestion that a final of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an, in Royal Naval tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation /ləˈtɛnənt/ is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of the OED, conventionally, armies and other services or branches which use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, ensign. The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in the United States, and as lieutenant in the United Kingdom, in countries which do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as lieutenant, but may also translate as first lieutenant or senior lieutenant. The Israel Defense Forces rank segen literally translates as deputy, which is equivalent to a lieutenant, there is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, an example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold bar for second lieutenant. Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer, in non-English-speaking countries, the equivalent rank title may translate as second lieutenant, lieutenant, sub-lieutenant or junior lieutenant. Non-English terms include alferes, alférez, fänrik, ensign, Leutnant, letnan, poručík, a few non-English-speaking militaries maintain a lower rank, frequently translated as third lieutenant OF1c. The rank title may translate as second lieutenant, junior lieutenant, sub-lieutenant or ensign. Warsaw Pact countries standardised their ranking systems on the Soviet system, some of the former Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations have now discarded the third rank while many retain it like Bulgaria
25.
Inglourious Basterds
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Inglourious Basterds is a 2009 American-German war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz and Mélanie Laurent. Christoph Waltz co-stars as Hans Landa, an SS colonel tracking down Raines group, the films title was inspired by Italian director Enzo G. Castellaris macaroni combat film, The Inglorious Bastards. Tarantino wrote the script in 1998 but struggled with the ending and chose to hold off filming, after directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds. A co-production of the United States and Germany, the film began principal photography in October 2008 and was filmed in Germany, Inglourious Basterds premiered on May 20,2009, at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival. It was widely released in theaters in the United States and Europe in August 2009 by The Weinstein Company, the film was commercially successful, grossing over $321 million in theaters worldwide, making it Tarantinos highest-grossing film at that point, and second-highest to date, after Django Unchained. It received multiple awards and nominations, among them eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. For his role as Landa, Waltz won the Cannes Film Festivals Best Actor Award, as well as the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1941, SS colonel Hans Landa interrogates French dairy farmer Perrier La Padite as to the whereabouts of the last unaccounted-for Jewish family in the area. In exchange for the Germans agreeing to leave his family alone for the rest of the war, Landa orders SS soldiers to shoot through the floorboards. The family is killed except for Shosanna, a woman who escapes. Three years later, Lieutenant Aldo Raine of the First Special Service Force recruits Jewish-American soldiers to the Basterds, the Basterds also recruit Sergeant Hugo Stiglitz, a German soldier who murdered thirteen Gestapo officers. Adolf Hitler interviews a German soldier, Private Butz, the survivor of a Basterd attack on his squad. Raine carved the Nazi swastika into Butzs forehead with a knife so he could never hide that he served in the German Heer, Shosanna is operating a cinema in Paris under an assumed name. She meets Fredrick Zoller, a German sniper who killed 250 soldiers in a battle, Zoller is to star in a Nazi propaganda film. Infatuated with Shosanna, Zoller convinces Joseph Goebbels to hold the premiere of the film at her cinema, Shosanna plots with her projectionist and lover, Marcel, to kill the Nazi leaders attending the premiere by setting the cinema ablaze. Unknown to Shosanna, British Army Lieutenant Archie Hicox is working with the Basterds to plan an attack on the same premiere, Hicox goes to a tavern with Hugo Stiglitz and Basterd Wilhelm Wicki to meet an undercover agent, the German film star Bridget von Hammersmark. Hicox draws the attention of Wehrmacht Sergeant Wilhelm then Gestapo Major Dieter Hellstrom with his uncommon accent, Hicox eventually gives himself away by ordering three drinks and gesturing three with his hand, Hellstrom knows that Germans gesture three with the thumb and first two fingers extended. Discovered, Stiglitz and the Basterds open fire, killing everyone in the tavern except Sergeant Wilhelm, Raine arrives and negotiates with Sergeant Wilhelm for Hammersmarks release, but she shoots Wilhelm when he lowers his guard
26.
Jane Eyre
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Jane Eyre /ˈɛər/ is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London, England, the first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York. Charlotte Brontë has been called the first historian of the private consciousness, the novel is a first-person narrative from the perspective of the title character. The novels setting is somewhere in the north of England, late in the reign of George III, John Rivers, proposes to her, and her reunion with, and marriage to, her beloved Rochester. During these sections the novel provides perspectives on a number of important social issues and ideas, Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters, and most editions are at least 400 pages long. The original publication was in three volumes, comprising chapters 1 to 15,16 to 27, and 28 to 38, Brontë dedicated the novels second edition to William Makepeace Thackeray. The novel begins with the character, Jane Eyre, aged 10, living with her maternal uncles family. It is several years after her parents died of typhus, Mr. Reed, Janes uncle, was the only person in the Reed family who was ever kind to Jane. Janes aunt, Sarah Reed, dislikes her, treats her as a burden, Mrs. Reed and her three children are abusive to Jane, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. The nursemaid Bessie proves to be Janes only ally in the household, excluded from the family activities, Jane is incredibly unhappy, with only a doll and books for comfort. She is subsequently attended to by the apothecary, Mr. Lloyd. He recommends to Mrs. Reed that Jane should be sent to school, Mrs. Reed then enlists the aid of the harsh Mr. Brocklehurst, director of Lowood Institution, a charity school for girls. Mrs. Reed cautions Mr. Brocklehurst that Jane has a tendency for deceit, during a school inspection by Mr. Brocklehurst, Jane accidentally breaks her slate, thereby drawing attention to herself. He then stands her on a stool, brands her a liar, Jane is later comforted by her friend, Helen. Miss Temple, the superintendent, facilitates Janes self-defence and writes to Mr. Lloyd. Jane is then cleared of Mr. Brocklehursts accusations. The 80 pupils at Lowood are subjected to cold rooms, poor meals, many students fall ill when a typhus epidemic strikes, and Janes friend Helen dies of consumption in her arms. When Mr. Brocklehursts maltreatment of the students is discovered, several benefactors erect a new building, conditions at the school then improve dramatically
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Jane Eyre (2011 film)
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Jane Eyre is a 2011 British romantic drama film directed by Cary Fukunaga and starring Mia Wasikowska and Michael Fassbender. The screenplay is written by Moira Buffini based on the 1847 novel of the name by Charlotte Brontë. The film was released on 11 March 2011 in the United States and 9 September in Great Britain, the film begins with Jane Eyre running away from Thornfield Hall in the middle of the night and finding herself alone on the moors, in the pouring rain. She manages to reach the doorstep of Moor House, the home of Mr. St. John Rivers, a clergyman and they take Jane in, saving her life. There follows a flashback, to the 10-year-old Jane Eyre, an orphan, living with her uncles family. Jane’s aunt, Sarah Reed, doesnt like Jane and is cruel to her. One day, Jane is locked in the Red Room, where her uncle died, and she knocks herself unconscious on the door, after a huge puff of smoke comes down the chimney. Janes aunt sends her to Lowood School for Girls, which is run by a cruel clergyman, Mrs. Reed tells him that Jane is a deceitful child and is not to be trusted. Jane tells her aunt how much she hates her and that she is a hard-hearted woman, at Lowood, while another pupil, Helen Burns, is being beaten, Jane accidentally drops her slate. Mr. Brocklehurst brands her a liar and makes her stand on an all day. Jane and Helen become close friends, but Helen later dies of consumption, eight years later, Jane leaves Lowood and takes up a post with Alice Fairfax of Thornfield Hall. She will be a governess to Adèle Varens, a young French orphan girl, when she first arrives at Thornfield, a gloomy, isolated mansion, Jane mistakes Mrs. Fairfax for her employer, but she finds out that she is only the housekeeper for her absent master. While Jane is walking into town to post a letter, a horse passes her, Jane helps the gentleman to his horse. Later, back at the mansion, she learns that the rider is Edward Rochester, master of the house. He jokingly tells her that she must have bewitched his horse to make him fall and they gradually fall in love with one another. One night, Jane is awoken by a noise at her door, only to find that Mr. Rochesters room is on fire. He thanks her for saving his life and holds her hand affectionately, the next day, Rochester leaves Thornfield to visit Lady Blanche Ingram, his future wife, he brings her back to Thornfield with him a few weeks later. When a man named Richard Mason of Spanish Town, Jamaica, shows up and that night, a scream awakens everyone
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Carl Jung
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Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. His work has been not only in psychiatry but also in anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy. As a notable research scientist based at the famous Burghölzli hospital, under Eugen Bleuler, he came to the attention of the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis, the two men conducted a lengthy correspondence and collaborated on an initially joint vision of human psychology. Freud saw in the man the potential heir he had been seeking to carry on his new science of psychoanalysis. Jungs researches and personal vision, however, made it impossible for him to bend to his older colleagues dogma and this break was to have historic as well as painful personal repercussions that have lasted to this day. Jung was also an artist, craftsman and builder as well as a prolific writer, many of his works were not published until after his death and some are still awaiting publication. Among the central concepts of analytical psychology is individuation—the lifelong psychological process of differentiation of the out of each individuals conscious and unconscious elements. Jung considered it to be the task of human development. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the unconscious, the psychological complex. Carl Gustav Jung was born in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau, on 26 July 1875 as the second and first surviving son of Paul Achilles Jung and their first child, born in 1873 was a boy named Paul who survived only a few days. Emilie was the youngest child of a distinguished Basel churchman and academic, Samuel Preiswerk, and his second wife. Preiswerk was antistes, the given to the head of the Reformed clergy in the city, as well as a Hebraist, author and editor. When Jung was six months old, his father was appointed to a prosperous parish in Laufen. Emilie Jung was an eccentric and depressed woman, she spent considerable time in her bedroom where she said that spirits visited her at night, although she was normal during the day, Jung recalled that at night his mother became strange and mysterious. He reported that one night he saw a luminous and indefinite figure coming from her room with a head detached from the neck. Jung had a relationship with his father. Jungs mother left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel for a physical ailment. His father took the boy to be cared for by Emilie Jungs unmarried sister in Basel, Emilie Jungs continuing bouts of absence and often depressed mood influenced her sons attitude towards women — one of innate unreliability
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Android (robot)
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An android is a humanoid robot or synthetic organism designed to look and act like a human, especially one with a body having a flesh-like resemblance. Historically, androids remained completely within the domain of science fiction where they are seen in film. Only recently have advancements in technology allowed the design of functional. The word was coined from the Greek root ἀνδρ-, man, while the term android is used in reference to human-looking robots in general, a robot with a female appearance can also be referred to as a gynoid. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest use to Ephraim Chambers Cyclopaedia, the term android appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons. The term android was used in a modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de lIsle-Adam in his work Tomorrows Eve. This story features an artificial humanlike robot named Hadaly, as said by the officer in the story, In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls. Although Karel Čapeks robots in R. U. R, —the play that introduced the word robot to the world—were organic artificial humans, the word robot has come to primarily refer to mechanical humans, animals, and other beings. The term android can mean one of these, while a cyborg would be a creature that is a combination of organic. The word android was used in Star Trek, The Original Series episode What Are Little Girls Made Of. The abbreviation andy, coined as a pejorative by writer Philip K. Dick in his novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. has seen some further usage, authors have used the term android in more diverse ways than robot or cyborg. In some fictional works, the difference between a robot and android is only their appearance, with androids being made to look like humans on the outside, in other stories, authors have used the word android to mean a wholly organic, yet artificial, creation. Other fictional depictions of androids fall somewhere in between, several projects aiming to create androids that look, and, to a certain degree, speak or act like a human being have been launched or are underway. In 2006, Kokoro Co. developed a new DER2 android, the height of the human body part of DER2 is 165 cm. DER2 can not only change its expression but also move its hands and feet, the air servosystem which Kokoro Co. developed originally is used for the actuator. As a result of having an actuator controlled precisely with air pressure via a servosystem, DER2 realized a slimmer body than that of the former version by using a smaller cylinder. Outwardly DER2 has a more beautiful proportion, compared to the previous model, DER2 has thinner arms and a wider repertoire of expressions. Once programmed, it is able to choreograph its motions and gestures with its voice, the Intelligent Mechatronics Lab, directed by Hiroshi Kobayashi at the Tokyo University of Science, has developed an android head called Saya, which was exhibited at Robodex 2002 in Yokohama, Japan
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Prometheus (2012 film)
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It is set in the late 21st century and centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures. Seeking the origins of humanity, the crew arrives on a distant world, development of the film began in the early 2000s as a fifth installment in the Alien franchise. Scott and director James Cameron developed ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scotts 1979 science-fiction horror film Alien, by 2003, the development of Alien vs. Predator took precedence, and the project remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest. Spaihts wrote a script for a prequel to the events of the Alien films, in late 2010, Lindelof joined the project to rewrite Spaihtss script, and he and Scott developed a story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise. According to Scott, although the film shares strands of Aliens DNA, so to speak, Prometheus entered production in April 2010, with extensive design phases during which the technology and creatures that the film required were developed. Principal photography began in March 2011, with an estimated US$120–130 million budget, the project was shot using 3D cameras throughout, almost entirely on practical sets, and on location in England, Iceland, Spain, and Scotland. It was promoted with a campaign that included viral activities on the web. Three videos featuring the leading actors in character, which expanded on elements of the fictional universe, were released and met with a generally positive reception. Prometheus was released on June 1,2012, in the United Kingdom and on June 8,2012, the film grossed over $403 million worldwide. A sequel, Alien, Covenant, is scheduled to be released on May 19,2017, as a spacecraft departs a planet, a humanoid alien drinks an iridescent liquid and then dissolves. The remains of the cascade into a waterfall. The aliens DNA strands mix with the water, in 2089, archaeologists Elizabeth Shaw and Charlie Holloway discover a star map in Scotland that matches others from several unconnected ancient cultures. They interpret this as an invitation from humanitys forerunners, the Engineers, Peter Weyland, the elderly CEO of Weyland Corporation, funds an expedition to follow the map to the distant moon LV-223 aboard the scientific vessel Prometheus. The ships crew travels in stasis while the android David monitors their voyage, arriving in December 2093, mission director Meredith Vickers informs them of their mission to find the Engineers, and not to make contact without her permission. The Prometheus lands on the barren, mountainous surface near an artificial structure. Inside they find stone cylinders, a statue of a humanoid head. The crew finds other bodies, leading them to surmise the species is extinct, crew members Millburn and Fifield grow uncomfortable with the discoveries and attempt to return to Prometheus, but become stranded in the structure when they get lost. The expedition is cut short when a storm forces the crew to return to the ship, David secretly takes a cylinder from the structure, while the remaining cylinders begin leaking a dark liquid
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Alien: Covenant
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Alien, Covenant is an upcoming American science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, with screenplay by John Logan and Dante Harper, from a story by Michael Green and Jack Paglen. The film is scheduled to be released on May 19,2017 in 3D, 2D and it soon reveals itself to be a dark and dangerous world inhabited by the original David and monstrous creatures that start to hunt them. Katherine Waterston as Daniels, a terraforming expert aboard the Covenant who is married to the original captain. Billy Crudup as Christopher Oram, the first mate of the Covenant, Oram is a self-serious man of faith who believes their role on the Covenant is an act of destiny, and he shares a contentious relationship with Daniels. Danny McBride as Tennessee, the pilot of the Covenant. Demián Bichir as Sergeant Lope, the head of the security unit aboard the Covenant, Carmen Ejogo as Karine, Orams wife, a biologist aboard the Covenant. Amy Seimetz as Faris, Tennessees wife, Jussie Smollett as Ricks, Upworths partner Callie Hernandez as Upworth, Ricks partner Nathaniel Dean as Sergeant Hallett, Lopes husband and a member of his security unit aboard the Covenant. Alexander England Benjamin Rigby Tess Haubrich as Rosenthal, a member of the security unit whose partner is in cryosleep during the mission, uli Latukefu Matt Scaletti James Franco as Jacob Branson, the captain of the Covenant and the husband of Daniels. Noomi Rapace reprises her role as Dr. Elizabeth Shaw, the archaeologist who was formerly a member of the destroyed Prometheus. Guy Pearce reprises his role as Peter Weyland, the billionaire founder, goran D. Kleut plays the role of both the Neomorph and the Xenomorph in costume and on set. Javier Botet portrays a Xenomorph via motion capture, in 2012, prior to the release of Prometheus, Director Ridley Scott began hinting at the prospects of a sequel. Scott said that a sequel would follow Shaw to her next destination, Paradise has a connotation of being extremely sinister and ominous. Lindelof cast doubt on his participation, and said, if wants me to be involved in something, at the same time, I do feel like might benefit from a fresh voice or a fresh take or a fresh thought. Scott said that a film would be required to bridge the gap between the Prometheus sequel and Alien. As of August 1,2012, Fox was pursuing a sequel with Scott, Noomi Rapace, and Michael Fassbender involved, in December 2012, Lindelof ultimately chose not to work on the project. Early on Scott stated that the film would feature no xenomorphs, however Scott would make later statements that were contradictory, stating what is planned and confirming the xenomorphs presence in the film. And ultimately the movie include the creatures. On September 24, Scott confirmed the title as Alien
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Frank (film)
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Frank is a 2014 comedy-drama film directed by Lenny Abrahamson, produced by David Barron, Ed Guiney and Stevie Lee and written by Jon Ronson and Peter Straughan. It stars Michael Fassbender, Domhnall Gleeson, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Scoot McNairy, the film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival. It was released theatrically in Ireland on 9 May 2014 and on DVD and it was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom on 9 May 2014. Jon Burroughs, a songwriter, lives a mundane life working in an office. Jon dreams of being a brilliant songwriter one day, but believes his uneventful, one day Jon witnesses a man trying to drown himself while walking along the beach of his town. As the man is taken away to the hospital, Jon talks to Don, who explains the man was a keyboardist in an experimental band, Don laments that the band cannot play its gig that night. Jon mentions that he plays keyboards and is invited to play with them, Jon goes along and meets the rest of the band, Nana, Baraque, Clara, and Frank, the band leader who wears a papier-mâché mask. The band plays strange discordant music while Frank sings nonsensical lyrics, Jon picks up the swing of things and begins to play along with the group, until Clara breaks her theremin and storms offstage ending the concert. Back at home Jon returns to his life, but remains enraptured by his experience on stage. While at work Jon receives a call from Don, who tells him Frank wants him to play with the band again, Jon readily accepts, believing this to be another gig, so he accompanies them to Ireland. Jon quickly discovers the band isnt playing a gig, but rather are recording their first album in a cabin for the next year. Undeterred, Jon decides to leave his job and stay with the band, Don bonds with Jon, and tells him that he first met Frank when they were in a mental institution together. As the months progress it is apparent that the band is mentally unstable, as they spend their time recording bendy straw noises and reinventing music notation. A family of vacationers arrive at the cabin believing it to be empty, Frank somehow convinces the family to leave, and Jon volunteers to use his inheritance nest egg to fund the recording of the album. Throughout the year Jon secretly records the band and posts updates on Twitter, one evening Jon talks to Frank, and tells him that he also writes songs, promising to play them for Frank one day. Clara comes in and tells Jon to play one right now, Jon tries to get out of the situation, but cannot, and ultimately embarrasses himself in front of the band. Clara is very antipathic towards Jon, and continually torments him for being mediocre, later, Don explains to Jon that he wanted to be a songwriter too, and just like Jon lacked talent and was terrible. He plays a song for Jon, who compliments it, despite it being very depressing and awful
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Chris Sievey
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Christopher Mark Sievey was an English musician and comedian known for fronting the band The Freshies in the late 1970s and early 1980s and for his comic persona Frank Sidebottom from 1984 onwards. Sievey, under the guise of Sidebottom, made appearances on North West television throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. Later, he presented Frank Sidebottoms Proper Telly Show in B/W for the Manchester-based television station Channel M, throughout his career, Sidebottom made appearances on radio stations such as Manchesters Piccadilly Radio and on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 5, alongside Mark and Lard. Sievey grew up in Ashton-on-Mersey, Sale, Cheshire, in 1971 he decided on a career in music and hitch-hiked to London with his brother, staging a sit-in at the Apple Records HQ, demanding to see one of The Beatles. When they were asked to leave they insisted on recording something, Sievey subsequently recorded several demos, which he sent to record companies, receiving many rejection letters which he later compiled into a book. Unable to get a deal, he set up his own Razz label in 1974, Sievey released two cassettes under his own name in 1975 and 1976 – Girl in My Blue Jeans and All Sleeps Secrets. He then began working under the name The Freshies, with other musicians involved including Martin Jackson, Billy Duffy. In 1981, Sievey played on Some Boys by Going Red, the band formed by former Jilted John star Graham Fellows. The record peaked at No 54 and they had regional success in the Manchester area with My Tapes Gone, No Money / Oh Girl and Yellow Spot. Radio 1, and in particular Mike Read, on his breakfast show, gave The Freshies a lot of airplay, the Freshies also produced a couple of jingles for the programme. Chris had written his first LP by this stage, The Johnny Radar Story, there are master copies on cassette in circulation though. By 1983, he had abandoned The Freshies and began moving in a new direction, the character was instantly recognisable by his large spheroidal head, styled like an early Max Fleischer cartoon. This was initially made from papier-mâché, but later of fibreglass, in the documentary Being Frank, Martin Sievey states this was made using Plaster of Paris. Frank, usually dressed in a 1950s-style sharp suit, was portrayed as a pop star from the small village of Timperley. His character was cheerfully optimistic, enthusiastic, and seemingly oblivious to his own failings, although supposedly 35 years old, he still lived at home with his mother, to whom he made frequent references. His mother was unaware of her sons popularity. Frank sometimes had a sidekick in the form of Little Frank, Sidebottoms former Oh Blimey Big Band members include Mark Radcliffe and Jon Ronson, and his driver was Chris Evans. Frank was first revealed to the world on a 12 inch promotional record which came free with the Chris Sievey-created video game The Biz for the ZX Spectrum computer in 1984 and he developed a following in the late 1980s/early 1990s thanks to extensively touring the country
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Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
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Magneto (comics)
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Magneto is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appears in The X-Men #1 as the archenemy of the X-Men. The character is a mutant, one of a fictional subspecies of humanity born with superhuman abilities. He is a friend of Professor X, the leader of the X-Men, Magnetos role in comics has varied from supervillain to antihero to superhero, having served as an occasional ally and even a member of the X-Men at times. His characters early history has been compared with the civil rights leader Malcolm X, Magneto resents the pacifist attitude of Professor X and pushes for a more aggressive approach to achieving civil rights. In 2011, IGN ranked Magneto as the greatest comic book villain of all time, sir Ian McKellen portrayed Magneto in four films of the X-Men film series, while Michael Fassbender portrayed a younger version of the character in the 2011 prequel X-Men, First Class. In addition, both actors reprised the role in the film X-Men, Days of Future Past, set in two different eras, Fassbender reprised his role in the 2016 film X-Men, Apocalypse. Magneto first appeared in the issue of X-Men in 1963. In a 2008 interview, Stan Lee said he did not think of Magneto as a bad guy and he just wanted to strike back at the people who were so bigoted and racist. He was trying to defend the mutants, and because society was not treating them fairly he was going to teach society a lesson and he was a danger of course. But I never thought of him as a villain, in the miniseries, Magneto had been de-aged and suffered from amnesia, calling himself Joseph, it was later revealed that Joseph was a younger clone of Magneto. Later, Magneto became ruler of the nation Genosha, later, Magneto appeared in two miniseries, Magneto Rex and Magneto, Dark Seduction. A trade paperback novel detailing Magnetos childhood, X-Men, Magneto Testament was written by Greg Pak, Pak based Magneto Testament on accounts from Holocaust survivors. Before the publication of X-Men, Magneto Testament, Magnetos personal background and he was portrayed as a Jewish Holocaust survivor, while searching for his wife Magda, a Sinti, Magneto maintained a cover identity as a Sinti. This created confusion among readers as to Magnetos heritage, until his Jewish background was confirmed in Magneto. Magneto was born Max Eisenhardt sometime in the late 1920s to a middle-class German-Jewish family, maxs father, Jakob Eisenhardt, was a decorated World War I veteran. Max and his family escaped the ghetto, only to be betrayed and captured again and his mother, father, and sister were executed and buried in a mass grave, but Max survived, possibly due to the manifestation of his mutant powers. Escaping from the grave, he was ultimately captured yet again and sent to Auschwitz
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X-Men: First Class
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X-Men, First Class is a 2011 American superhero film, based on the X-Men characters appearing in Marvel Comics. It is the installment in the X-Men film series. A prequel to the franchise, the film was directed by Matthew Vaughn, the film co-stars Rose Byrne, January Jones and Oliver Platt. Singer, who had directed both X-Men and X2, became involved with the project in 2009, but he could only produce and co-write First Class due to other projects. Matthew Vaughn, who was attached to both X-Men, The Last Stand and Thor, became the director, and also wrote the final script with his writing partner Jane Goldman. First Class overtook a planned Magneto prequel that entered development hell, the tight schedule proved a challenge to the six companies responsible for the extensive visual effects, which included computer-generated sets and digital doubles for the actors. Locations included Oxford, the Mojave desert and Georgia, with work done in both Pinewood Studios and the 20th Century Fox stages in Los Angeles. The depiction of the 1960s drew inspiration from the James Bond films of the period. A sequel titled X-Men, Days of Future Past, also serving as a resolution to the original storyline, was released in May 2014, with Singer returning as director. Another sequel, X-Men, Apocalypse, was released on May 27,2016, in 1944, in a Polish death camp, Nazi scientist Dr. Klaus Schmidt witnesses a young Erik Lehnsherr bend a metal gate with his mind when the child is separated from his mother. In his office, Schmidt orders Lehnsherr to move a coin on his desk, in grief and anger, Lehnsherrs magnetic power manifests, killing two guards and destroying the room. Meanwhile, at a mansion in Westchester County, New York, child telepath Charles Xavier meets young shapeshifter Raven, whose form is blue-skinned. Overjoyed to meet someone else different, he invites her to live with his family as his foster sister, in 1962, Lehnsherr is tracking down Schmidt, while Xavier graduates from the University of Oxford. Threatened by Shaw and teleported by Azazel to the Joint War Room, Shaw, an energy-absorbing mutant whose powers have de-aged him, later kills Hendry. MacTaggert, seeking Xaviers advice on mutation, takes him and Raven to the CIA, another CIA officer sponsors the mutants and invites them to the secret Division X facility. MacTaggert and Xavier find Shaw as Lehnsherr is attacking him, and rescue Lehnsherr from drowning, Xavier brings Lehnsherr to Division X, where they meet young scientist Hank McCoy, a mutant with prehensile feet, who believes Ravens DNA may provide a cure for their appearance. Xavier uses McCoys mutant-locating device Cerebro to seek recruits against Shaw, Xavier and Lehnsherr recruit stripper Angel Salvadore, cabbie Armando Muñoz, Army prisoner Alex Summers, and runaway Sean Cassidy. They all create nicknames, and Raven dubs herself Mystique, Azazel, Riptide and Shaw attack Division X, killing everyone but the mutants, whom Shaw invites to join him
37.
Ian McKellen
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Sir Ian Murray McKellen, CH, CBE is an English actor. He has also received two Oscar nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations, McKellens career spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. The BBC states his performances have guaranteed him a place in the canon of English stage, a recipient of every major theatrical award in the UK, McKellen is regarded as a British cultural icon. He started his career in 1961 at the Belgrade Theatre as a member of their highly regarded repertory company. In the 1970s McKellen became a stalwart of the Royal Shakespeare Company and he has been openly gay since 1988, and continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide. He was made a Freeman of the City of London in October 2014, McKellen was born on 25 May 1939 in Burnley, Lancashire, the son of Margery Lois and Denis Murray McKellen, a civil engineer. He was their child, with a sister, Jean. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 and they lived there until Ian was twelve years old, before relocating to Bolton in 1951, after his father had been promoted. The experience of living through the war as a child had a lasting impact on him. Did I realise that war wasnt normal, when an interviewer remarked that he seemed quite calm in the aftermath of 11 September attacks, McKellen said, Well, darling, you forget—I slept under a steel plate until I was four years old. Even though he lived in Bolton for less than seven years, as opposed to the eleven years in Wigan beforehand. McKellens father was a engineer and lay preacher, and was of Protestant Irish and Scottish descent. Both of McKellens grandfathers were preachers, and his great-great-grandfather, James McKellen, was a strict, evangelical Protestant minister in Ballymena and his home environment was strongly Christian, but non-orthodox. My upbringing was of low nonconformist Christians who felt that you led the Christian life in part by behaving in a Christian manner to everybody you met, when he was 12, his mother died of breast cancer, his father died when he was 24. His great-great-grandfather Robert J. McKellen attended Bolton School, of which he is still a supporter, McKellens acting career started at Bolton Little Theatre, of which he is now the patron. An early fascination with the theatre was encouraged by his parents, in 1958, McKellen, at the age of 18, won a scholarship to St Catharines College, Cambridge, where he read English literature. While at Cambridge, McKellen was a member of the Marlowe Society, at that young age he was already giving performances that have since become legendary such as his Justice Shallow in Henry IV alongside Trevor Nunn and Derek Jacobi, Cymbeline and Doctor Faustus. During this period McKellen had already directed by Peter Hall, John Barton
38.
X-Men: Days of Future Past
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X-Men, Days of Future Past is a 2014 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics. Directed by Bryan Singer, it is the installment of the X-Men film series. Simon Kinberg wrote the screenplay from a story conceived by Jane Goldman, himself, Vaughn had directed First Class and was set to return in Days of Future Past before leaving for Kingsman, The Secret Service. Thus Singer, who had directed the first two X-Men films, made his return as a director, and brought along most of the crew from those productions, twelve companies handled the visual effects. X-Men, Days of Future Past premiered in New York City on May 10,2014 and it became the best-reviewed film in the X-Men film series released thus far, being praised for its story, visual effects, action scenes, acting and thematic elements. During its theatrical run, the film earned over $747 million worldwide, making it the 6th highest grossing film of 2014, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects, making it the first X-Men film to be nominated for an Oscar. A sequel, X-Men, Apocalypse, was released in May 2016, in the future, robots known as Sentinels are exterminating mutants and their human allies. The Sentinels are near invincible as they possess Mystiques powers of transformation and this technology was made possible following research performed on Mystique when she was captured during the assassination of Dr. Bolivar Trask, creator of the Sentinels. A band of mutants, including Kitty Pryde, Colossus, Iceman, Bishop, Warpath, Blink and Sunspot, convene with Wolverine, Storm, Professor Charles Xavier, and Magneto in a hideout in remote China. Pryde sends Wolverines consciousness back fifty years to 1973 to prevent Mystique from assassinating Trask, at the X-Mansion in 1973, the future/present Wolverine encounters Xavier and Hank McCoy. Xavier, a man, has been overusing a serum that allows him to walk. Wolverine explains his mission and persuades Xavier to help free Magneto from a cell beneath The Pentagon. They rescue Magneto with the help of Peter Maximoff, a mutant with super speed, Trask unsuccessfully tries to sway Congress to gain support for his Sentinel program. Meanwhile, in Saigon, Mystique prevents William Stryker from appropriating a group of mutant G. I. s for Trasks research. Xavier, Magneto, Beast, and Wolverine fly to Paris to intercept Mystique, however her presence is discovered as Trask endeavors to demonstrate the Prototype Sentinel technology to military leaders. The group arrives as Mystique is about to kill Trask, Magneto tries to kill Mystique to ensure her DNA cannot be used for the Sentinels, but she escapes. The fight spills onto the street in view of the public, allowing Magneto, Trask is saved, but the world is horrified by the existence of mutants. President Richard Nixon approves Trasks Sentinel program and arranges an unveiling ceremony, Trasks scientists recover Mystiques blood from the street
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X-Men: Apocalypse
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X-Men, Apocalypse is a 2016 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics. It is the installment in the X-Men film series and a sequel to X-Men. The ancient mutant En Sabah Nur awakens in 1983 and plans to wipe out modern civilization and take over the world, leading the X-Men to try to stop him and defeat his team of renegade mutants. The film was announced by Singer in December 2013, with Kinberg, Dougherty, casting began in October 2014, while principal photography commenced in April 2015 in Montreal and ended in August of the same year. X-Men, Apocalypse premiered in London on May 9,2016, and was released in North America on May 27 in 3D and 2D, the film grossed over $543 million worldwide but received a polarised response from critics. En Sabah Nur, a powerful mutant believed to be the first of his kind, rules prehistoric Egypt until he is betrayed by his worshippers and his four lieutenants die preserving him. Awakening in 1983, he believes humanity has lost its way without his presence, aiming to destroy and remake the world, he recruits Cairo pickpocket Ororo Munroe, who can control the weather, and upgrades her power. Raven rescues Kurt and employs the services of black marketeer Caliban to transport him to America, En Sabah Nur recruits Calibans enforcer, Psylocke, who leads him to Angel. En Sabah Nur enhances both their powers, transforming Angels wings into metal, Alex Summers discovers that his younger brother Scott is manifesting a mutation for shooting optic beams. Alex takes Scott to Professor Charles Xaviers educational institute in Westchester County, New York, hoping that Xavier, Scott meets the telepathic and telekinetic Jean Grey, and the two develop an attraction. Raven brings Kurt to the institute, En Sabah Nurs powers cause disturbances around the world, leading Xavier and Alex to consult with CIA agent Moira MacTaggert, who has been researching the legend of Nur. In Communist Poland, the metal-controlling mutant Erik Lehnsherr lives with his wife and their young daughter and he uses his powers to save a coworker, prompting the Militia to capture him. When they accidentally kill Eriks family, he retaliates by executing them, En Sabah Nur later approaches the devastated Erik and takes him to Auschwitz, where Eriks power first manifested. Erik destroys the camp and joins him, En Sabah Nur remotely accesses Cerebro, a brainwave-amplifying device Xavier uses to locate mutants. Through it, he forces the telepathic Xavier to make the global superpowers launch their entire nuclear arsenals into space to prevent interference with En Sabah Nurs plan and he and his new lieutenants arrive at the mansion and kidnap Xavier. Attempting to stop them, Alex accidentally causes an explosion destroys the mansion. Colonel William Strykers forces subsequently capture Hank, Raven, Peter, and Moira, Scott, Jean and Kurt follow covertly, and liberate their comrades using Strykers mind-controlled and brainwashed experiment Weapon X, whose memories Jean partially restores. At En Sabah Nurs behest, Erik uses his powers to control the Earths magnetic poles, causing death, En Sabah Nur plans to transfer his consciousness into Xaviers body, and use Xaviers power to enslave every person on Earth
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Shame (2011 film)
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Shame is a 2011 British-American drama film directed and co-written by Steve McQueen, starring Michael Fassbender and Carey Mulligan as grown siblings. It was co-produced by Film4 and See-Saw Films, the films explicit scenes reflecting the protagonists sexual addiction resulted in a rating of NC-17 in the United States. Shame was released in the United Kingdom on 13 January 2012, Brandon, a New York City executive and long-term bachelor, frequently has sex with prostitutes and masturbates several times daily, sometimes viewing pornography on his work computers. One day Brandon makes eye contact with a wearing an engagement ring on the subway during his morning commute. She initially reciprocates, but becomes uncomfortable, when they exit, she disappears into the crowd. He masturbates in the bathroom afterwards at work, Brandon and his married boss, David, hit on women at a club, later, Brandon has sex on a quiet street with the woman David was pursuing. Brandon has been ignoring calls from his sister Sissy, a lounge singer and he arrives at his apartment to find her in his shower. Sissy has a few gigs in the city and asks to stay, after Brandons company computer system is infected with a virus, they find his hard drive was full of pornography. David assumes Brandons intern is responsible, Brandon rebukes Sissy for balancing precariously on the subway platform edge. Later, he and David watch her perform New York, New York in a bar, David flirts with her and notices the scars of self-inflicted wounds on her arms. Sissy has sex with David in her brothers bedroom while Brandon, disgusted, later that night, Sissy attempts to get in bed with Brandon, he orders her out of the room. That night, Sissy discovers Brandon masturbating in his bathroom and he attacks her and accuses her of spying on him. She finds his laptop open on a pornographic webcam site, Brandon slams the laptop shut and a disturbed Sissy leaves. Brandon disposes of his pornography, sex toys and laptop, at work, he kisses Marianne and the two get a hotel room, but Brandon cannot maintain an erection. Immediately after Marianne leaves, Brandon is seen having sex with a prostitute against the window of the same hotel room. Brandon tells Sissy that David has a family, and insists that she leave and she says that, as family, they are supposed to help each other, but Brandon accuses her of being irresponsible and a burden. Brandon goes to a bar and comes on to a woman and she is close to succumbing when her boyfriend intercedes. Brandon laughs in his face and tells him what he was saying, after he leaves the club unsatisfied, the boyfriend follows him out and brutally beats Brandon
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Volpi Cup for Best Actor
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The Volpi Cup is the principal award given to actors at the Venice Film Festival and is named in honor of Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, the founder of the Venice Film Festival. ‡ – indicates the performance was nominated for an Academy Award The festival was officially competitive for the first time in 1934. The acting award was named Grande medaglia doro dellAssociazione Nazionale Fascista dello Spettacolo per il migliore attore, after a four-year hiatus caused by the war, the festival was once again competitive in 1947. The acting award in the immediate post-war period was named Premio Internazionale per il migliore attore, the winners did not receive cup-shaped awards but were instead given rectangular plaques. In 1988, for the first time in 20 years, the most recognizable prizes of the festival were re-established, the two acting award was officially named Coppa Volpi per la migliore interpretazione maschile. The Venice Film Festival at the IMDb Coppa Volpi for best actors since 1935 from La Biennale website Enrico Lancia, I premi del cinema, Gremese Editore,1998
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68th Venice International Film Festival
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The 68th annual Venice Film Festival was held in Venice, Italy between 31 August and 10 September 2011. American film director Darren Aronofsky was announced as the Head of the Jury, American actor and film director Al Pacino was presented with the Glory to the Film-maker award on 4 September, prior to the premiere of his upcoming film Wilde Salomé. Marco Bellocchio was awarded with the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in September, the festival opened with the American film The Ides of March, directed by George Clooney. The films are Attenberg by Athina Rachel Tsangari, The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Robert Guédiguian, official website 68th Venice Film Festival 2011
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Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
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